1
|
Gil-Gomez A, Rest JS. Wiring Between Close Nodes in Molecular Networks Evolves More Quickly Than Between Distant Nodes. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae098. [PMID: 38768245 PMCID: PMC11136681 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
As species diverge, a wide range of evolutionary processes lead to changes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and metabolic networks. The rate at which molecular networks evolve is an important question in evolutionary biology. Previous empirical work has focused on interactomes from model organisms to calculate rewiring rates, but this is limited by the relatively small number of species and sparse nature of network data across species. We present a proxy for variation in network topology: variation in drug-drug interactions (DDIs), obtained by studying drug combinations (DCs) across taxa. Here, we propose the rate at which DDIs change across species as an estimate of the rate at which the underlying molecular network changes as species diverge. We computed the evolutionary rates of DDIs using previously published data from a high-throughput study in gram-negative bacteria. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we found that DDIs diverge rapidly over short evolutionary time periods, but that divergence saturates over longer time periods. In parallel, we mapped drugs with known targets in PPI and cofunctional networks. We found that the targets of synergistic DDIs are closer in these networks than other types of DCs and that synergistic interactions have a higher evolutionary rate, meaning that nodes that are closer evolve at a faster rate. Future studies of network evolution may use DC data to gain larger-scale perspectives on the details of network evolution within and between species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gil-Gomez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, 650 Life Sciences, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4254, USA
| | - Joshua S Rest
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, 650 Life Sciences, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4254, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Degerstedt O, O'Callaghan P, Clavero AL, Gråsjö J, Eriksson O, Sjögren E, Hansson P, Heindryckx F, Kreuger J, Lennernäs H. Quantitative imaging of doxorubicin diffusion and cellular uptake in biomimetic gels with human liver tumor cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:970-983. [PMID: 37824040 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel tumor-on-a-chip approaches are increasingly used to investigate tumor progression and potential treatment options. To improve the effect of any cancer treatment it is important to have an in depth understanding of drug diffusion, penetration through the tumor extracellular matrix and cellular uptake. In this study, we have developed a miniaturized chip where drug diffusion and cellular uptake in different hydrogel environments can be quantified at high resolution using live imaging. Diffusion of doxorubicin was reduced in a biomimetic hydrogel mimicking tissue properties of cirrhotic liver and early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (373 ± 108 µm2/s) as compared to an agarose gel (501 ± 77 µm2/s, p = 0.019). The diffusion was further lowered to 256 ± 30 µm2/s (p = 0.028) by preparing the biomimetic gel in cell media instead of phosphate buffered saline. The addition of liver tumor cells (Huh7 or HepG2) to the gel, at two different densities, did not significantly influence drug diffusion. Clinically relevant and quantifiable doxorubicin concentration gradients (1-20 µM) were established in the chip within one hour. Intracellular increases in doxorubicin fluorescence correlated with decreasing fluorescence of the DNA-binding stain Hoechst 33342 and based on the quantified intracellular uptake of doxorubicin an apparent cell permeability (9.00 ± 0.74 × 10-4 µm/s for HepG2) was determined. Finally, the data derived from the in vitro model were applied to a spatio-temporal tissue concentration model to evaluate the potential clinical impact of a cirrhotic extracellular matrix on doxorubicin diffusion and tumor cell uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Degerstedt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul O'Callaghan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ada Lerma Clavero
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Gråsjö
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Eriksson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Sjögren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Hansson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Kreuger
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang PC, Sánchez-Hevia DL, Westhoff S, Fatsis-Kavalopoulos N, Andersson DI. Within-species variability of antibiotic interactions in Gram-negative bacteria. mBio 2024; 15:e0019624. [PMID: 38391196 PMCID: PMC10936430 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00196-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatments with antibiotic combinations are becoming increasingly important even though the supposed clinical benefits of combinations are, in many cases, unclear. Here, we systematically examined how several clinically used antibiotics interact and affect the antimicrobial efficacy against five especially problematic Gram-negative pathogens. A total of 232 bacterial isolates were tested against different pairwise antibiotic combinations spanning five classes, and the ability of all combinations in inhibiting growth was quantified. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and Spearman's rank correlation matrix were used to determine the correlations between the different combinations on interaction outcome. Several important conclusions can be drawn from the 696 examined interactions. Firstly, within a species, the interactions are in general conserved but can be isolate-specific for a given antibiotic combination and can range from antagonistic to synergistic. Secondly, additive and antagonistic interactions are the most common observed across species and antibiotics, with 87.1% of isolate-antibiotic combinations being additive, 11.6% antagonistic, and only 0.3% showing synergy. These findings suggest that to achieve the highest precision and efficacy of combination therapy, not only isolate-specific interaction profiling ought to be routinely performed, in particular to avoid using drug combinations that show antagonistic interaction and an expected associated reduction in efficacy, but also discovering rare and potentially valuable synergistic interactions.IMPORTANCEAntibiotic combinations are often used to treat bacterial infections, which aim to increase treatment efficacy and reduce resistance evolution. Typically, it is assumed that one specific antibiotic combination has the same effect on different isolates of the same species, i.e., the interaction is conserved. Here, we tested this idea by examining how several clinically used antibiotics interact and affect the antimicrobial efficacy against several bacterial pathogens. Our results show that, even though within a species the interactions are often conserved, there are also isolate-specific differences for a given antibiotic combination that can range from antagonistic to synergistic. These findings suggest that isolate-specific interaction profiling ought to be performed in clinical microbiology routine to avoid using antagonistic drug combinations that might reduce treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Cheng Tang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dione L. Sánchez-Hevia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanne Westhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Dan I. Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Masterson K, Major I, Lynch M, Rowan N. Synergy Assessment of Four Antimicrobial Bioactive Compounds for the Combinational Treatment of Bacterial Pathogens. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2216. [PMID: 37626713 PMCID: PMC10452528 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a topic of great concern in recent years, with much effort being committed to developing alternative treatments for resistant bacterial pathogens. Drug combinational therapies have been a major area of research for several years, with modern iterations using combining well-established antibiotics and other antimicrobials with the aim of discovering complementary mechanisms. Previously, we characterised four GRAS antimicrobials that can withstand thermal polymer extrusion processes for novel medical device-based and therapeutic applications. In the present study, four antimicrobial bioactive-silver nitrate, nisin, chitosan and zinc oxide-were assessed for their potential combined use as an alternative synergistic treatment for AMR bacteria via a broth microdilution assay based on a checkerboard format. The bioactives were tested in arrangements of two-, three- and four-drug combinations, and their interactions were determined and expressed in terms of a synergy score. Results have revealed interesting interactions based on treatments against recognised test bacterial strains that cause human and animal infections, namely E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Silver nitrate was seen to greatly enhance the efficacy of its paired treatment. Combinations with nisin, which is a lantibiotic, exhibited the most interesting results, as nisin has no effect against Gram-negative bacteria when used alone; however, it demonstrated antimicrobial effects when combined with silver nitrate or chitosan. This study constitutes the first study to both report on practical three- and four-drug combinational assays and utilise these methods for the assessment of established and emerging antimicrobials. The novel methods and results presented in this study show the potential to explore previously unknown drug combination compatibility measures in an ease-of-use- and high-throughput-based format, which can greatly help future research that aims to identify appropriate alternative treatments for AMR, including the screening of potential new bioactives biorefined from various sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Masterson
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (M.L.); (N.R.)
| | - Ian Major
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland;
| | - Mark Lynch
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (M.L.); (N.R.)
| | - Neil Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (M.L.); (N.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mahdizade Ari M, Dashtbin S, Ghasemi F, Shahroodian S, kiani P, Bafandeh E, Darbandi T, Ghanavati R, Darbandi A. Nitrofurantoin: properties and potential in treatment of urinary tract infection: a narrative review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1148603. [PMID: 37577377 PMCID: PMC10414118 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1148603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrofurantoin (NF), a wide-spectrum antibiotic accessible since 1953, is utilized widely to treat urinary tract infections as it usually stays active against drug-resistant uropathogen. The use of Nitrofurantoin has increased exponentially since new guidelines have repositioned it as first-line therapy for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (UTI). To, although fluoroquinolones are usually used to re-evaluate the first- and second-line therapies for treating uncomplicated UTI, their level of utilization is thought to be inappropriately excessive and will eventually have a detrimental impact; thus, we hypothesize that NF might be the best choice for this condition, because of its low frequency of utilization and its high susceptibility in common UTI pathogens. It can be concluded from this review that NF can be considered as the most effective drug in the treatment of acute urinary infection, but due to the long-term side effects of this drug, especially in elderly patients, it is essential to introduce some criteria for prescribing NF in cases of chronic UTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Dashtbin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghasemi
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shahroodian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa kiani
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Bafandeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Talieh Darbandi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- School of Medicine, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Black C, Al Mahmud H, Howle V, Wilson S, Smith AC, Wakeman CA. Development of a Polymicrobial Checkerboard Assay as a Tool for Determining Combinatorial Antibiotic Effectiveness in Polymicrobial Communities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1207. [PMID: 37508303 PMCID: PMC10376321 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The checkerboard assay is a well-established tool used to determine the antimicrobial effects of two compounds in combination. Usually, data collected from the checkerboard assay use visible turbidity and optical density as a readout. While helpful in traditional checkerboard assays, these measurements become less useful in a polymicrobial context as they do not enable assessment of the drug effects on the individual members of the community. The methodology described herein allows for the determination of cell viability through selective and differential plating of each individual species in a community while retaining much of the high-throughput nature of a turbidity-based analysis and requiring no specialized equipment. This methodology further improves turbidity-based measurements by providing a distinction between bacteriostatic versus bactericidal concentrations of antibiotics. Herein, we use this method to demonstrate that the clinically used antibiotic combination of ceftazidime and gentamicin works synergistically against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in monoculture but antagonistically in a polymicrobial culture also containing Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, highlighting the fundamental importance of this methodology in improving clinical practices. We propose that this method could be implemented in clinical microbiology laboratories with minimal impact on the overall time for diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Black
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Hafij Al Mahmud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Victoria Howle
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Sabrina Wilson
- Department of Honors Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Allie C. Smith
- Department of Honors Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Catherine A. Wakeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Doganay MT, Chelliah CJ, Tozluyurt A, Hujer AM, Obaro SK, Gurkan U, Patel R, Bonomo RA, Draz M. 3D Printed Materials for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2023; 67:371-398. [PMID: 37790286 PMCID: PMC10545363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly growing technology with a significant capacity for translational applications in both biology and medicine. 3D-printed living and non-living materials are being widely tested as a potential replacement for conventional solutions for testing and combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The precise control of cells and their microenvironment, while simulating the complexity and dynamics of an in vivo environment, provides an excellent opportunity to advance the modeling and treatment of challenging infections and other health conditions. 3D-printing models the complicated niches of microbes and host-pathogen interactions, and most importantly, how microbes develop resistance to antibiotics. In addition, 3D-printed materials can be applied to testing and delivering antibiotics. Here, we provide an overview of 3D printed materials and biosystems and their biomedical applications, focusing on ever increasing AMR. Recent applications of 3D printing to alleviate the impact of AMR, including developed bioprinted systems, targeted bacterial infections, and tested antibiotics are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mert Tunca Doganay
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cyril John Chelliah
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Abdullah Tozluyurt
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrea M Hujer
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Umut Gurkan
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES) Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Draz
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu P, Li Y, Guo T, Liu S, Tancer RJ, Hu C, Zhao C, Xue C, Liao G. New antifungal strategies: drug combination and co-delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114874. [PMID: 37211279 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The growing occurrence of invasive fungal infections and the mounting rates of drug resistance constitute a significant menace to human health. Antifungal drug combinations have garnered substantial interest for their potential to improve therapeutic efficacy, reduce drug doses, reverse, or ameliorate drug resistance. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying antifungal drug resistance and drug combination is key to developing new drug combinations. Here we discuss the mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance and elucidate how to discover potent drug combinations to surmount resistance. We also examine the challenges encountered in developing such combinations and discuss prospects, including advanced drug delivery strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Simei Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Robert J Tancer
- Public Health Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Changhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhao
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, 400700, PR China.
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Public Health Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Guojian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rapper SLD, Viljoen A, van Vuuren S. Optimizing the Antimicrobial Synergism of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Essential Oil Combinations for Application against Respiratory Related Pathogens. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:454-463. [PMID: 36626923 DOI: 10.1055/a-1947-5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial research into the use of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil has demonstrated broad-spectrum activity; however, much of the research published focuses on identifying the potential of this essential oil individually, rather than in combination for an enhanced antimicrobial effect. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of four essential oil combinations, all inclusive of M. alternifolia, against nine pathogens associated with the respiratory tract. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of four essential oil combinations, M. alternifolia in combination with Cupressus sempervirens, Origanum majorana, Myrtus communis, and Origanum vulgare essential oils. The interactions between essential oil combinations were analyzed using isobolograms and SynergyFinder 2.0 software to visualize the synergistic potential at varied ratios. The antimicrobial activity of the different combinations of essential oils all demonstrated the ability to produce an enhanced antimicrobial effect compared to the essential oils when investigated independently. The findings of this study determined that isobolograms provide a more in-depth analysis of an essential oil combination interaction; however, the value of that interaction should be further quantified using computational modelling such as SynergyFinder. This study further supports the need for more studies where varied ratios of essential oils are investigated for antimicrobial potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Leigh-de Rapper
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sandy van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sousa M, Afonso AC, Teixeira LS, Borges A, Saavedra MJ, Simões LC, Simões M. Hydrocinnamic Acid and Perillyl Alcohol Potentiate the Action of Antibiotics against Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020360. [PMID: 36830271 PMCID: PMC9952493 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bacterial infections has been troubled by the increased resistance to antibiotics, instigating the search for new antimicrobial therapies. Phytochemicals have demonstrated broad-spectrum and effective antibacterial effects as well as antibiotic resistance-modifying activity. In this study, perillyl alcohol and hydrocinnamic acid were characterized for their antimicrobial action against Escherichia coli. Furthermore, dual and triple combinations of these molecules with the antibiotics chloramphenicol and amoxicillin were investigated for the first time. Perillyl alcohol had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 256 µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 512 µg/mL. Hydrocinnamic acid had a MIC of 2048 µg/mL and an MBC > 2048 µg/mL. Checkerboard and time-kill assays demonstrated synergism or additive effects for the dual combinations chloramphenicol/perillyl alcohol, chloramphenicol/hydrocinnamic acid, and amoxicillin/hydrocinnamic acid at low concentrations of both molecules. Combenefit analysis showed synergism for various concentrations of amoxicillin with each phytochemical. Combinations of chloramphenicol with perillyl alcohol and hydrocinnamic acid revealed synergism mainly at low concentrations of antibiotics (up to 2 μg/mL of chloramphenicol with perillyl alcohol; 0.5 μg/mL of chloramphenicol with hydrocinnamic acid). The results highlight the potential of combinatorial therapies for microbial growth control, where phytochemicals can play an important role as potentiators or resistance-modifying agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sousa
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Afonso
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CEB, LABBELS—Centre of Biological Engineering, Associate Laboratory on Biotechnology and Bioengineering, and Electromechanical Systems, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lília Soares Teixeira
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Chaves Simões
- CEB, LABBELS—Centre of Biological Engineering, Associate Laboratory on Biotechnology and Bioengineering, and Electromechanical Systems, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pariente N. The antimicrobial resistance crisis needs action now. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001918. [PMID: 36417490 PMCID: PMC9683554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem of increasing proportions that we cannot afford to look away from. This World Antimicrobial Awareness Week, we shine a light on the crisis and ways we can all help to address it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nonia Pariente
- Public Library of Science, San Francisco, California, United States of America and Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
iTDtest: an Easy-to-Handle and Visual Assay To Detect Tolerant and Persister Cells in an Antibiotic Combination Regimen. mBio 2022; 13:e0036222. [PMID: 35695462 PMCID: PMC9239093 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00362-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent article, Balaban and colleagues developed the iTDtest allowing characterization of the type of interactions between different antibiotics at bactericidal concentrations (J.-F. Liu et al., mBio 13:e00004-22, 2022). This visual and semiquantitative assay is designed to determine how antibiotic cocktails affect tolerance and persistence, two phenomena of major importance for the eradication of difficult-to-treat pathogens. Importantly, Balaban and colleagues identified antibiotic combinations allowing for complete clearance of persister and tolerant cells. This commentary discusses the translation of this assay in clinical settings, where antibiotic combination therapies appear to be applied in specific contexts, such as in acute infections or in the case of multidrug or extensively drug-resistant pathogens.
Collapse
|
13
|
Single-Fluorescence ATP Sensor Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Reveals Role of Antibiotic-Induced ATP Perturbation in Mycobacterial Killing. mSystems 2022; 7:e0020922. [PMID: 35615956 PMCID: PMC9238375 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00209-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is responsible for treatment failure in patients with TB and significantly endangers global public health. Recently, bioenergetics has become a new paradigm for anti-TB drug discovery and is based on the link between bacterial ATP levels and drug efficacy. A better understanding of the role of ATP fluctuations during antibiotic treatment may provide insight into antibiotic-mediated killing of mycobacteria. Here, we employed an advanced single-fluorescence FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer)-based ATP biosensor, ATPser, for the stable and convenient detection of intracellular ATP fluctuations in mycobacteria. This strategy correlated closely with the results obtained from conventional luminescence ATP assays, indicating the reliability of the system for bioenergetics analysis in mycobacteria. Moreover, the reporter strains expressing ATPser displayed obvious ATP changes when subjected to different stresses, such as starvation and ATP depletion. Interestingly, we observed that different antibiotics induced fluctuations in cellular ATP levels in individual cells of various magnitudes, revealing a strong connection between ATP fluctuations and drug efficacy. Furthermore, drug combinations accelerated ATP perturbation, resulting in increased cell death. We concluded that ATPser enabled real-time measurement of ATP at the single-cell level in mycobacteria, and monitoring ATP dynamics in drug-treated bacteria may shed light on novel treatment strategies. IMPORTANCE Bioenergetics has emerged as a new paradigm for antituberculosis (anti-TB) drug discovery, and the cellular ATP level is the core indicator reflecting bacterial metabolic homeostasis. Although several bulk assays have been designed for the measurement of cellular ATP content, a more convenient strategy is required for real-time ATP measurement of single viable cells. In this study, by combining the ε-subunit of Bacillus subtilis FoF1-ATP synthase with a circularly permuted green fluorescent protein [(cp)GFP], we constructed a FRET-based single-fluorescence ATP sensor, ATPser, for real-time single-cell ATP detection among a mycobacterial population. Using the ATPser, we designed different drug combinations containing components that have similar/opposite effects on ATP alternation. Our results demonstrated that increased cellular ATP fluctuations were associated with depletion of mycobacterial viability, while counteracting ATP fluctuations weakened the killing effect of the drug regime. Thus, potentially efficient drug combinations can be considered based on their similar effects on mycobacterial ATP levels, and ATPser may be a useful tool to study mycobacterial bioenergetics and to guide drug regime design.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fatsis-Kavalopoulos N, Roelofs L, Andersson DI. Potential risks of treating bacterial infections with a combination of β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics: A systematic quantification of antibiotic interactions in E. coli blood stream infection isolates. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103979. [PMID: 35367773 PMCID: PMC8983351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of Blood Stream Infections (BSIs) with a combination of a β-lactam and an aminoglycoside antibiotic is widely used in intensive care units (ICUs) around the world. However, no studies have systematically examined how these drugs interact and potentially influence the antimicrobial efficacy of the overall treatment. METHODS We collected 500 E. coli isolates from the Uppsala University hospital that were isolated from blood of patients with suspicion of infection. Of those we tested the efficacy of combinations of 2 common β-lactam antibiotics (Ampicillin and Cefotaxime) combined with 2 common aminoglycosides (Gentamicin and Tobramycin) on 254 isolates. The efficacy of all 4 pairwise combinations in inhibiting bacterial growth was then examined on all susceptible strains. That was done by quantifying the Fractional Inhibitory index (FICi), a robust metric for antibiotic combinatorial behaviour, of all possible treatments on every strain. When non additive interactions were identified, results of the original screen were verified with time kill assays. Finally, combination behaviours were analysed for potential cross correlations. FINDINGS Out of the 4 antibiotic combinations screened none exhibited synergistic effects on any of the 254 strains. On the contrary all 4 exhibited important antagonistic effects on several isolates. Specifically, the combinations of AMP-GEN and CTX-GEN were antagonistic in 1.97% and 1.18% of strains respectively. Similarly, the combinations of AMP-TOB were antagonistic on 0.78% of all strains. PCA analysis revealed that an important factor on the responses to the combination treatments was the choice of a specific aminoglycoside over another. Subsequent cross correlation analysis revealed that the interaction profiles of combinations including the same aminoglycoside are significantly correlated (Spearman's cross correlation test p<0.001). INTERPRETATION The findings of this study elucidate potential risks of the common combination treatment for blood stream infections. They also demonstrate, previously unquantified metrics on how antibiotics in combination therapies are not interchangeable with others of the same class. Finally, they reiterate the need for case-by-case testing of antibiotic interactions in a clinical setting. FUNDING This work was funded by grants to DIA from the Swedish Research Council, the Wallenberg foundation and the Swedish Strategic Research Foundation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cantrell JM, Chung CH, Chandrasekaran S. Machine learning to design antimicrobial combination therapies: promises and pitfalls. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1639-1651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
16
|
The physiology and genetics of bacterial responses to antibiotic combinations. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:478-490. [PMID: 35241807 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several promising strategies based on combining or cycling different antibiotics have been proposed to increase efficacy and counteract resistance evolution, but we still lack a deep understanding of the physiological responses and genetic mechanisms that underlie antibiotic interactions and the clinical applicability of these strategies. In antibiotic-exposed bacteria, the combined effects of physiological stress responses and emerging resistance mutations (occurring at different time scales) generate complex and often unpredictable dynamics. In this Review, we present our current understanding of bacterial cell physiology and genetics of responses to antibiotics. We emphasize recently discovered mechanisms of synergistic and antagonistic drug interactions, hysteresis in temporal interactions between antibiotics that arise from microbial physiology and interactions between antibiotics and resistance mutations that can cause collateral sensitivity or cross-resistance. We discuss possible connections between the different phenomena and indicate relevant research directions. A better and more unified understanding of drug and genetic interactions is likely to advance antibiotic therapy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Antimicrobial Synergy Testing: Comparing the Tobramycin and Ceftazidime Gradient Diffusion Methodology Used in Assessing Synergy in Cystic Fibrosis-Derived Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080967. [PMID: 34439017 PMCID: PMC8388873 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for synergy testing is driven by the necessity to extend the antimicrobial spectrum, reducing drug dosage/toxicity and the development of resistance. Despite the abundance of synergy testing methods, there is the absence of a gold standard and a lack of synergy correlation among methods. The most popular method (checkerboard) is labor-intensive and is not practical for clinical use. Most clinical laboratories use several gradient synergy methods which are quicker/easier to use. This study sought to evaluate three gradient synergy methods (direct overlay, cross, MIC:MIC ratio) with the checkerboard, and compare two interpretative criteria (the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and susceptibility breakpoint index (SBPI)) regarding these methods. We tested 70 multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using a tobramycin and ceftazidime combination. The agreement between the checkerboard and gradient methods was 60 to 77% for FICI, while agreements for SBPI that ranged between 67 and 82.86% were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001). High kappa agreements were observed using SBPI (Ƙ > 0.356) compared to FICI (Ƙ < 0.291) criteria, and the MIC:MIC method demonstrated the highest, albeit moderate, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.542) estimate. Isolate resistance profiles suggest method-dependent synergism for isolates, with ceftazidime susceptibility after increased exposure. The results show that when interpretative criteria are considered, gradient diffusion (especially MIC:MIC) is a valuable and practical method that can inform the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients who are chronically infected with P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
|
18
|
Calsavara LL, Hegeto LA, Sampiron EG, Costacurta GF, Murase LS, Souza JV, de Almeida AL, de S Santos NC, Siqueira VL, de L Scodro RB, Cardoso RF, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR. Rescue of streptomycin activity by piperine in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:623-633. [PMID: 34098743 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the modulatory effect of piperine (PIP) on streptomycin (SM) activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Materials & methods: SM and PIP minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and combinatory activity were determined in Mtb H37Rv and in susceptible and resistant clinical isolates. Ethidium bromide accumulation assay and relative quantification of efflux pumps genes (rv1258c, rv1218c and rv2942), after SM and SM+PIP combination exposure, were also performed. Results: PIP concentration of 25 μg/ml (1/4× MIC) was able to inhibit efflux pumps activity, to modulate SM activity in Mtb, and conducted changes in the relative quantification of efflux pumps genes. Conclusion: SM+PIP combination was able to rescue the SM-susceptible MIC values in SM-resistant Mtb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonora L Calsavara
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Laíse A Hegeto
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Eloisa G Sampiron
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Giovana F Costacurta
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Murase
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - João Vp Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Aryadne L de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Nathally C de S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vera Ld Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Regiane B de L Scodro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rosilene F Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Katiany R Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fisher JF, Mobashery S. β-Lactams against the Fortress of the Gram-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Bacterium. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3412-3463. [PMID: 33373523 PMCID: PMC8653850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biological diversity of the unicellular bacteria-whether assessed by shape, food, metabolism, or ecological niche-surely rivals (if not exceeds) that of the multicellular eukaryotes. The relationship between bacteria whose ecological niche is the eukaryote, and the eukaryote, is often symbiosis or stasis. Some bacteria, however, seek advantage in this relationship. One of the most successful-to the disadvantage of the eukaryote-is the small (less than 1 μm diameter) and nearly spherical Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. For decades, successful clinical control of its infection has been accomplished using β-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillins and the cephalosporins. Over these same decades S. aureus has perfected resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics, which are then countered by new generations of β-lactam structure. This review addresses the current breadth of biochemical and microbiological efforts to preserve the future of the β-lactam antibiotics through a better understanding of how S. aureus protects the enzyme targets of the β-lactams, the penicillin-binding proteins. The penicillin-binding proteins are essential enzyme catalysts for the biosynthesis of the cell wall, and understanding how this cell wall is integrated into the protective cell envelope of the bacterium may identify new antibacterials and new adjuvants that preserve the efficacy of the β-lactams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Telhig S, Ben Said L, Zirah S, Fliss I, Rebuffat S. Bacteriocins to Thwart Bacterial Resistance in Gram Negative Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:586433. [PMID: 33240239 PMCID: PMC7680869 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.586433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An overuse of antibiotics both in human and animal health and as growth promoters in farming practices has increased the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Antibiotic resistant and multi-resistant bacteria are now considered a major and increasing threat by national health agencies, making the need for novel strategies to fight bugs and super bugs a first priority. In particular, Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for a high proportion of nosocomial infections attributable for a large part to Enterobacteriaceae, such as pathogenic Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To cope with their highly competitive environments, bacteria have evolved various adaptive strategies, among which the production of narrow spectrum antimicrobial peptides called bacteriocins and specifically microcins in Gram-negative bacteria. They are produced as precursor peptides that further undergo proteolytic cleavage and in many cases more or less complex posttranslational modifications, which contribute to improve their stability and efficiency. Many have a high stability in the gastrointestinal tract where they can target a single pathogen whilst only slightly perturbing the gut microbiota. Several microcins and antibiotics can bind to similar bacterial receptors and use similar pathways to cross the double-membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and reach their intracellular targets, which they also can share. Consequently, bacteria may use common mechanisms of resistance against microcins and antibiotics. This review describes both unmodified and modified microcins [lasso peptides, siderophore peptides, nucleotide peptides, linear azole(in)e-containing peptides], highlighting their potential as weapons to thwart bacterial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens and discusses the possibility of cross-resistance and co-resistance occurrence between antibiotics and microcins in Gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Telhig
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Laila Ben Said
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Séverine Zirah
- Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Rebuffat
- Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|