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Mason RAB, Bozec YM, Mumby PJ. Setting sustainable limits on anchoring to improve the resilience of coral reefs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114721. [PMID: 36907169 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Boat anchoring is common at coral reefs that have high economic or social value, but anchoring has received relatively little attention in reef resilience studies. We developed an individual-based model of coral populations and simulated the effects of anchor damage over time. The model allowed us to estimate the carrying capacity of anchoring for four different coral assemblages and different starting levels of coral cover. The carrying capacity of small to medium-sized recreational vessels across these four assemblages was between 0 and 3.1 anchor strikes ha-1 day-1. In a case study of two Great Barrier Reef archipelagos, we modelled the benefits of anchoring mitigation under bleaching regimes expected for four climate scenarios. The partial mitigation of even a very mild anchoring incidence (1.17 strikes ha-1 day-1) resulted in median coral gains of 2.6-7.7 % absolute cover under RCP2.6, though benefits varied temporally and depended on the Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A B Mason
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Yves-Marie Bozec
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter J Mumby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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2
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Su H, Xiao Z, Yu K, Zhang Q, Lu C, Wang G, Wang Y, Liang J, Huang W, Huang X, Wei F. Use of a purified β-glucosidase from coral-associated microorganisms to enhance wine aroma. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3467-3474. [PMID: 34841541 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Glucosidases (3.2.1.21) play essential roles in the removal of nonreducing terminal glucosyl residues from saccharides and glycosides. However, the full potential and different applications of recombinant high-yield microbial β-glucosidase-producing systems remain to be tackled. RESULTS A β-glucosidase gene designated as Mg132 was isolated from a coral microorganism by high-throughput sequencing and functional screening. The deduced amino acid sequences of Mg132 showed a highest identity of 97% with β-glucosidase predicted in the GenBank database. This gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for the first time. The optimal pH and temperature of purified recombinant Mg132 were 8.0 and 50 °C respectively. It exhibited a high level of stability at high concentration of glucose and ethanol, and glucose concentrations below 300 mmol L-1 distinctly stimulated p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside hydrolysis, reaching 200% at 15% ethanol. The Km and Vmax values were 0.293 mmol L-1 and 320 μmol min-1 mg-1 respectively while using p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside as a substrate. Wine treated with Mg132 had an obvious positive catalytic specificity for glycosides, which give a pleasant flavor of temperate fruity and floral aromas. The total concentration of fermentative volatiles was 201.42 ± 10.22 μg L-1 following Mg132 treatment and 99.21 ± 7.72 μg L-1 in control samples. CONCLUSION Good tolerance of winemaking and aroma fermentative properties suggest that Mg132 has potential application in aroma enhancement in wine and warrants further study. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Su
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenlun Xiao
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunrong Lu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiayuan Liang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fen Wei
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Arif S, Graham NAJ, Wilson S, MacNeil MA. Causal drivers of climate‐mediated coral reef regime shifts. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suchinta Arif
- Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | | | - Shaun Wilson
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Perth Western Australia Australia
- Oceans Institute University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - M. Aaron MacNeil
- Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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Evaluating the feasibility and advantage of a multi-purpose submerged breakwater for harbor protection and benthic habitat enhancement at Kahului Commercial Harbor, Hawai‘i: case study. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractConstruction of breakwaters provides an engineering solution for coastal protection. However, little effort has been made toward understanding the ecological impact on local coral reef ecosystems and developing engineering structures that would enhance the coral reef environment. A submerged breakwater proposed for Kahului Commercial Harbor, Hawai‘i, provided an opportunity to design a multi-purpose ‘reef structure’ to mitigate wave impacts while providing new coral reef habitat. This design involved ecological and environmental considerations alongside engineering principles, serving as a model for environmentally sound harbor development. This field study evaluated environmental conditions and reef community composition at the proposed site in a gradient extending outward from the harbor, using in situ data with multivariate analyses. Benthic and topographic features in the area were assessed using a towed drop camera system to relate to biological factors. Results that support breakwater topography should follow the natural spur and groove and depth of the adjacent reef and orient with wave direction. A deep area characterized by unconsolidated substrata and low coral cover would be replaced with the shallow, sloping hard bottom of the breakwater, and provide an exemplary area for corals to flourish while protecting the harbor from large ocean swells. Surfaces on shallow sloping hard bottoms receive higher levels of irradiance that benefits coral growth. Optimal levels of water motion facilitate sediment removal and promote coral recruitment and growth. The design of the Kahului Harbor submerged multi-purpose structure serves as a model for design of shoreline modification that enhances, rather than degrades, the local coral reef environment.
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Carturan BS, Pither J, Maréchal JP, Bradshaw CJA, Parrott L. Combining agent-based, trait-based and demographic approaches to model coral-community dynamics. eLife 2020; 9:e55993. [PMID: 32701058 PMCID: PMC7473774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of coral-reef ecosystems makes it challenging to predict their dynamics and resilience under future disturbance regimes. Models for coral-reef dynamics do not adequately account for the high functional diversity exhibited by corals. Models that are ecologically and mechanistically detailed are therefore required to simulate the ecological processes driving coral reef dynamics. Here, we describe a novel model that includes processes at different spatial scales, and the contribution of species' functional diversity to benthic-community dynamics. We calibrated and validated the model to reproduce observed dynamics using empirical data from Caribbean reefs. The model exhibits realistic community dynamics, and individual population dynamics are ecologically plausible. A global sensitivity analysis revealed that the number of larvae produced locally, and interaction-induced reductions in growth rate are the parameters with the largest influence on community dynamics. The model provides a platform for virtual experiments to explore diversity-functioning relationships in coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Pither
- Department of Biology, University of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada
- Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographic Sciences, University of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada
| | | | - Corey JA Bradshaw
- Global Ecology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Lael Parrott
- Department of Biology, University of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada
- Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographic Sciences, University of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada
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6
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Kubicek A, Breckling B, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Reuter H. Climate change drives trait-shifts in coral reef communities. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3721. [PMID: 30842480 PMCID: PMC6403357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to have profound, partly unforeseeable effects on the composition of functional traits of complex ecosystems, such as coral reefs, and some ecosystem properties are at risk of disappearing. This study applies a novel spatially explicit, individual-based model to explore three critical life history traits of corals: heat tolerance, competitiveness and growth performance under various environmental settings. Building upon these findings, we test the adaptation potential required by a coral community in order to not only survive but also retain its diversity by the end of this century under different IPCC climate scenarios. Even under the most favourable IPCC scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP 2.6), model results indicate that shifts in the trait space are likely and coral communities will mainly consist of small numbers of temperature-tolerant and fast-growing species. Species composition of coral communities is likely to be determined by heat tolerance, with competitiveness most likely playing a subordinate role. To sustain ~15% of current coral cover under a 2 °C temperature increase by the end of the century (RCP 4.5), coral systems would have to accommodate temperature increases of 0.1-0.15 °C per decade, assuming that periodic extreme thermal events occurred every 8 years. These required adaptation rates are unprecedented and unlikely, given corals' life-history characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kubicek
- Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Broder Breckling
- Department Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, 49364, Vechta, Germany
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
- Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Hauke Reuter
- Department Theoretical Ecology and Modelling, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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7
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SEAMANCORE: A spatially explicit simulation model for assisting the local MANagement of COral REefs. Ecol Modell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Carturan BS, Parrott L, Pither J. A modified trait‐based framework for assessing the resilience of ecosystem services provided by coral reef communities. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S. Carturan
- Department of Biology University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
- Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Lael Parrott
- Department of Biology University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
- Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographic Sciences University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Jason Pither
- Department of Biology University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
- Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographic Sciences University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
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Delevaux JMS, Whittier R, Stamoulis KA, Bremer LL, Jupiter S, Friedlander AM, Poti M, Guannel G, Kurashima N, Winter KB, Toonen R, Conklin E, Wiggins C, Knudby A, Goodell W, Burnett K, Yee S, Htun H, Oleson KLL, Wiegner T, Ticktin T. A linked land-sea modeling framework to inform ridge-to-reef management in high oceanic islands. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193230. [PMID: 29538392 PMCID: PMC5851582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining natural resources have led to a cultural renaissance across the Pacific that seeks to revive customary ridge-to-reef management approaches to protect freshwater and restore abundant coral reef fisheries. Effective ridge-to-reef management requires improved understanding of land-sea linkages and decision-support tools to simultaneously evaluate the effects of terrestrial and marine drivers on coral reefs, mediated by anthropogenic activities. Although a few applications have linked the effects of land cover to coral reefs, these are too coarse in resolution to inform watershed-scale management for Pacific Islands. To address this gap, we developed a novel linked land-sea modeling framework based on local data, which coupled groundwater and coral reef models at fine spatial resolution, to determine the effects of terrestrial drivers (groundwater and nutrients), mediated by human activities (land cover/use), and marine drivers (waves, geography, and habitat) on coral reefs. We applied this framework in two 'ridge-to-reef' systems (Hā'ena and Ka'ūpūlehu) subject to different natural disturbance regimes, located in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Our results indicated that coral reefs in Ka'ūpūlehu are coral-dominated with many grazers and scrapers due to low rainfall and wave power. While coral reefs in Hā'ena are dominated by crustose coralline algae with many grazers and less scrapers due to high rainfall and wave power. In general, Ka'ūpūlehu is more vulnerable to land-based nutrients and coral bleaching than Hā'ena due to high coral cover and limited dilution and mixing from low rainfall and wave power. However, the shallow and wave sheltered back-reef areas of Hā'ena, which support high coral cover and act as nursery habitat for fishes, are also vulnerable to land-based nutrients and coral bleaching. Anthropogenic sources of nutrients located upstream from these vulnerable areas are relevant locations for nutrient mitigation, such as cesspool upgrades. In this study, we located coral reefs vulnerable to land-based nutrients and linked them to priority areas to manage sources of human-derived nutrients, thereby demonstrating how this framework can inform place-based ridge-to-reef management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade M. S. Delevaux
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Robert Whittier
- Hawaiʻi Department of Health, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Kostantinos A. Stamoulis
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Fisheries Ecology Research Lab, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Leah L. Bremer
- University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
- University of Hawaiʻi Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Stacy Jupiter
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | - Alan M. Friedlander
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
- Fisheries Ecology Research Lab, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
- National Geography Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Matthew Poti
- CSS, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
- NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Greg Guannel
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Natalie Kurashima
- Kamehameha Schools Natural and Cultural Resources, Kailua-Kona, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Kawika B. Winter
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
- Limahuli Garden and Preserve, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hā`ena, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Robert Toonen
- Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Eric Conklin
- The Nature Conservancy, Hawaii Marine Program, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Chad Wiggins
- The Nature Conservancy, Hawaii Marine Program, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Anders Knudby
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Whitney Goodell
- Fisheries Ecology Research Lab, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Burnett
- University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Susan Yee
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hla Htun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Kirsten L. L. Oleson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Tracy Wiegner
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawaiʻi, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Tamara Ticktin
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
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10
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Benjamin CS, Punongbayan AT, dela Cruz DW, Villanueva RD, Baria MVB, Yap HT. Use of Bayesian analysis with individual-based modeling to project outcomes of coral restoration. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caryl S. Benjamin
- The Marine Science Institute; University of the Philippines; Diliman 1101 Quezon City Philippines
| | - Andalus T. Punongbayan
- The Marine Science Institute; University of the Philippines; Diliman 1101 Quezon City Philippines
| | - Dexter W. dela Cruz
- The Marine Science Institute; University of the Philippines; Diliman 1101 Quezon City Philippines
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering; Southern Cross University; Lismore NSW 2480 Australia
| | - Ronald D. Villanueva
- The Marine Science Institute; University of the Philippines; Diliman 1101 Quezon City Philippines
| | - Maria Vanessa B. Baria
- The Marine Science Institute; University of the Philippines; Diliman 1101 Quezon City Philippines
| | - Helen T. Yap
- The Marine Science Institute; University of the Philippines; Diliman 1101 Quezon City Philippines
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12
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Kubicek A, Jopp F, Breckling B, Lange C, Reuter H. Context-oriented model validation of individual-based models in ecology: A hierarchically structured approach to validate qualitative, compositional and quantitative characteristics. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Mumby PJ, van Woesik R. Consequences of ecological, evolutionary and biogeochemical uncertainty for coral reef responses to climatic stress. Curr Biol 2015; 24:R413-23. [PMID: 24845674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coral reefs are highly sensitive to the stress associated with greenhouse gas emissions, in particular ocean warming and acidification. While experiments show negative responses of most reef organisms to ocean warming, some autotrophs benefit from ocean acidification. Yet, we are uncertain of the response of coral reefs as systems. We begin by reviewing sources of uncertainty and complexity including the translation of physiological effects into demographic processes, indirect ecological interactions among species, the ability of coral reefs to modify their own chemistry, adaptation and trans-generational plasticity. We then incorporate these uncertainties into two simple qualitative models of a coral reef system under climate change. Some sources of uncertainty are far more problematic than others. Climate change is predicted to have an unambiguous negative effect on corals that is robust to several sources of uncertainty but sensitive to the degree of biogeochemical coupling between benthos and seawater. Macroalgal, zoanthid, and herbivorous fish populations are generally predicted to increase, but the ambiguity (confidence) of such predictions are sensitive to the source of uncertainty. For example, reversing the effect of climate-related stress on macroalgae from being positive to negative had no influence on system behaviour. By contrast, the system was highly sensitive to a change in the stress upon herbivorous fishes. Minor changes in competitive interactions had profound impacts on system behaviour, implying that the outcomes of mesocosm studies could be highly sensitive to the choice of taxa. We use our analysis to identify new hypotheses and suggest that the effects of climatic stress on coral reefs provide an exceptional opportunity to test emerging theories of ecological inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
| | - Robert van Woesik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, Florida, 32901, USA
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14
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Gurney GG, Melbourne-Thomas J, Geronimo RC, Aliño PM, Johnson CR. Modelling coral reef futures to inform management: can reducing local-scale stressors conserve reefs under climate change? PLoS One 2013; 8:e80137. [PMID: 24260347 PMCID: PMC3832406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change has emerged as a principal threat to coral reefs, and is expected to exacerbate coral reef degradation caused by more localised stressors. Management of local stressors is widely advocated to bolster coral reef resilience, but the extent to which management of local stressors might affect future trajectories of reef state remains unclear. This is in part because of limited understanding of the cumulative impact of multiple stressors. Models are ideal tools to aid understanding of future reef state under alternative management and climatic scenarios, but to date few have been sufficiently developed to be useful as decision support tools for local management of coral reefs subject to multiple stressors. We used a simulation model of coral reefs to investigate the extent to which the management of local stressors (namely poor water quality and fishing) might influence future reef state under varying climatic scenarios relating to coral bleaching. We parameterised the model for Bolinao, the Philippines, and explored how simulation modelling can be used to provide decision support for local management. We found that management of water quality, and to a lesser extent fishing, can have a significant impact on future reef state, including coral recovery following bleaching-induced mortality. The stressors we examined interacted antagonistically to affect reef state, highlighting the importance of considering the combined impact of multiple stressors rather than considering them individually. Further, by providing explicit guidance for management of Bolinao's reef system, such as which course of management action will most likely to be effective over what time scales and at which sites, we demonstrated the utility of simulation models for supporting management. Aside from providing explicit guidance for management of Bolinao's reef system, our study offers insights which could inform reef management more broadly, as well as general understanding of reef systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina G. Gurney
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jessica Melbourne-Thomas
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
- Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Perry M. Aliño
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Craig R. Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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15
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Gurney GG, Melbourne-Thomas J, Geronimo RC, Aliño PM, Johnson CR. Modelling coral reef futures to inform management: can reducing local-scale stressors conserve reefs under climate change? PLoS One 2013. [PMID: 24260347 DOI: 10.1371/2fjournal.pone.0080137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has emerged as a principal threat to coral reefs, and is expected to exacerbate coral reef degradation caused by more localised stressors. Management of local stressors is widely advocated to bolster coral reef resilience, but the extent to which management of local stressors might affect future trajectories of reef state remains unclear. This is in part because of limited understanding of the cumulative impact of multiple stressors. Models are ideal tools to aid understanding of future reef state under alternative management and climatic scenarios, but to date few have been sufficiently developed to be useful as decision support tools for local management of coral reefs subject to multiple stressors. We used a simulation model of coral reefs to investigate the extent to which the management of local stressors (namely poor water quality and fishing) might influence future reef state under varying climatic scenarios relating to coral bleaching. We parameterised the model for Bolinao, the Philippines, and explored how simulation modelling can be used to provide decision support for local management. We found that management of water quality, and to a lesser extent fishing, can have a significant impact on future reef state, including coral recovery following bleaching-induced mortality. The stressors we examined interacted antagonistically to affect reef state, highlighting the importance of considering the combined impact of multiple stressors rather than considering them individually. Further, by providing explicit guidance for management of Bolinao's reef system, such as which course of management action will most likely to be effective over what time scales and at which sites, we demonstrated the utility of simulation models for supporting management. Aside from providing explicit guidance for management of Bolinao's reef system, our study offers insights which could inform reef management more broadly, as well as general understanding of reef systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina G Gurney
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia ; School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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