1
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Wang LT, Cooper AJR, Farrell B, Miura K, Diouf A, Müller-Sienerth N, Crosnier C, Purser L, Kirtley PJ, Maciuszek M, Barrett JR, McHugh K, Ogwang R, Tucker C, Li S, Doumbo S, Doumtabe D, Pyo CW, Skinner J, Nielsen CM, Silk SE, Kayentao K, Ongoiba A, Zhao M, Nguyen DC, Lee FEH, Minassian AM, Geraghty DE, Traore B, Seder RA, Wilder BK, Crompton PD, Wright GJ, Long CA, Draper SJ, Higgins MK, Tan J. Natural malaria infection elicits rare but potent neutralizing antibodies to the blood-stage antigen RH5. Cell 2024; 187:4981-4995.e14. [PMID: 39059381 PMCID: PMC11383431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (RH5) is the most advanced blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate and is being evaluated for efficacy in endemic regions, emphasizing the need to study the underlying antibody response to RH5 during natural infection, which could augment or counteract responses to vaccination. Here, we found that RH5-reactive B cells were rare, and circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to RH5 were short-lived in malaria-exposed Malian individuals, despite repeated infections over multiple years. RH5-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from eight malaria-exposed individuals mostly targeted non-neutralizing epitopes, in contrast to antibodies isolated from five RH5-vaccinated, malaria-naive UK individuals. However, MAD8-151 and MAD8-502, isolated from two malaria-exposed Malian individuals, were among the most potent neutralizers out of 186 antibodies from both cohorts and targeted the same epitopes as the most potent vaccine-induced antibodies. These results suggest that natural malaria infection may boost RH5-vaccine-induced responses and provide a clear strategy for the development of next-generation RH5 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence T Wang
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew J R Cooper
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Brendan Farrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Ababacar Diouf
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | | | - Cécile Crosnier
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Lauren Purser
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Payton J Kirtley
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA
| | - Maciej Maciuszek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jordan R Barrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Kirsty McHugh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rodney Ogwang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Courtney Tucker
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Shanping Li
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Safiatou Doumbo
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Point G, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali
| | - Didier Doumtabe
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Point G, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali
| | - Chul-Woo Pyo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Carolyn M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Sarah E Silk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Point G, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali
| | - Aissata Ongoiba
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Point G, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali
| | - Ming Zhao
- Protein Chemistry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Doan C Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Angela M Minassian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Daniel E Geraghty
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Point G, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brandon K Wilder
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA
| | - Peter D Crompton
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carole A Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Simon J Draper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matthew K Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Joshua Tan
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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2
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Abbate MF, Dupic T, Vigne E, Shahsavarian MA, Walczak AM, Mora T. Computational detection of antigen-specific B cell receptors following immunization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401058121. [PMID: 39163333 PMCID: PMC11363332 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401058121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
B cell receptors (BCRs) play a crucial role in recognizing and fighting foreign antigens. High-throughput sequencing enables in-depth sampling of the BCRs repertoire after immunization. However, only a minor fraction of BCRs actively participate in any given infection. To what extent can we accurately identify antigen-specific sequences directly from BCRs repertoires? We present a computational method grounded on sequence similarity, aimed at identifying statistically significant responsive BCRs. This method leverages well-known characteristics of affinity maturation and expected diversity. We validate its effectiveness using longitudinally sampled human immune repertoire data following influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infections. We show that different lineages converge to the same responding Complementarity Determining Region 3, demonstrating convergent selection within an individual. The outcomes of this method hold promise for application in vaccine development, personalized medicine, and antibody-derived therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Abbate
- Laboratoire de physique de l’École normale supérieure, CNRS, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Sorbonne Université, and Université Paris-Cité, Paris75005, France
- Large Molecule Research, Sanofi, Vitry-sur-Seine94 400, France
| | - Thomas Dupic
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | | | | | - Aleksandra M. Walczak
- Laboratoire de physique de l’École normale supérieure, CNRS, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Sorbonne Université, and Université Paris-Cité, Paris75005, France
| | - Thierry Mora
- Laboratoire de physique de l’École normale supérieure, CNRS, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Sorbonne Université, and Université Paris-Cité, Paris75005, France
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3
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Spisak N, Athènes G, Dupic T, Mora T, Walczak AM. Combining mutation and recombination statistics to infer clonal families in antibody repertoires. eLife 2024; 13:e86181. [PMID: 39120133 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
B-cell repertoires are characterized by a diverse set of receptors of distinct specificities generated through two processes of somatic diversification: V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutations. B-cell clonal families stem from the same V(D)J recombination event, but differ in their hypermutations. Clonal families identification is key to understanding B-cell repertoire function, evolution, and dynamics. We present HILARy (high-precision inference of lineages in antibody repertoires), an efficient, fast, and precise method to identify clonal families from single- or paired-chain repertoire sequencing datasets. HILARy combines probabilistic models that capture the receptor generation and selection statistics with adapted clustering methods to achieve consistently high inference accuracy. It automatically leverages the phylogenetic signal of shared mutations in difficult repertoire subsets. Exploiting the high sensitivity of the method, we find the statistics of evolutionary properties such as the site frequency spectrum and dN/dS ratio do not depend on the junction length. We also identify a broad range of selection pressures spanning two orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Spisak
- Laboratoire de physique de l'École normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Athènes
- Laboratoire de physique de l'École normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université and Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Saber Bio SAS, Institut du Cerveau, iPEPS The Healthtech Hub, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Dupic
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Thierry Mora
- Laboratoire de physique de l'École normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aleksandra M Walczak
- Laboratoire de physique de l'École normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université and Université de Paris, Paris, France
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4
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Ramirez SI, Faraji F, Hills LB, Lopez PG, Goodwin B, Stacey HD, Sutton HJ, Hastie KM, Saphire EO, Kim HJ, Mashoof S, Yan CH, DeConde AS, Levi G, Crotty S. Immunological memory diversity in the human upper airway. Nature 2024; 632:630-636. [PMID: 39085605 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The upper airway is an important site of infection, but immune memory in the human upper airway is poorly understood, with implications for COVID-19 and many other human diseases1-4. Here we demonstrate that nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs can be used to obtain insights into these challenging problems, and define distinct immune cell populations, including antigen-specific memory B cells and T cells, in two adjacent anatomical sites in the upper airway. Upper airway immune cell populations seemed stable over time in healthy adults undergoing monthly swabs for more than 1 year, and prominent tissue resident memory T (TRM) cell and B (BRM) cell populations were defined. Unexpectedly, germinal centre cells were identified consistently in many nasopharyngeal swabs. In subjects with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, local virus-specific BRM cells, plasma cells and germinal centre B cells were identified, with evidence of local priming and an enrichment of IgA+ memory B cells in upper airway compartments compared with blood. Local plasma cell populations were identified with transcriptional profiles of longevity. Local virus-specific memory CD4+ TRM cells and CD8+ TRM cells were identified, with diverse additional virus-specific T cells. Age-dependent upper airway immunological shifts were observed. These findings provide new understanding of immune memory at a principal mucosal barrier tissue in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney I Ramirez
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Benjamin Hills
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul G Lopez
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Goodwin
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hannah D Stacey
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry J Sutton
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Hastie
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sara Mashoof
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam S DeConde
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gina Levi
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Fantin RF, Clark JJ, Cohn H, Jaiswal D, Bozarth B, Civljak A, Rao V, Lobo I, Nardulli JR, Srivastava K, Yong J, Andreata-Santos R, Bushfield K, Lee ES, Singh G, Kleinstein SH, Krammer F, Simon V, Bajic G, Coelho CH. Dissecting human monoclonal antibody responses from mRNA- and protein-based XBB.1.5 COVID-19 monovalent vaccines. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.15.602781. [PMID: 39071292 PMCID: PMC11275766 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.15.602781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of highly contagious and immune-evasive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has required reformulation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines to target those new variants specifically. While previous infections and booster vaccinations can enhance variant neutralization, it is unclear whether the monovalent version, administered using either mRNA or protein-based vaccine platforms, can elicit de novo B-cell responses specific for Omicron XBB.1.5 variants. Here, we dissected the genetic antibody repertoire of 603 individual plasmablasts derived from five individuals who received a monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccination either with mRNA (Moderna or Pfizer/BioNtech) or adjuvanted protein (Novavax). From these sequences, we expressed 100 human monoclonal antibodies and determined binding, affinity and protective potential against several SARS-CoV-2 variants, including JN.1. We then select two vaccine-induced XBB.1.5 mAbs, M2 and M39. M2 mAb was a de novo, antibody, i.e., specific for XBB.1.5 but not ancestral SARS-CoV-2. M39 bound and neutralized both XBB.1.5 and JN.1 strains. Our high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structures of M2 and M39 in complex with the XBB.1.5 spike glycoprotein defined the epitopes engaged and revealed the molecular determinants for the mAbs' specificity. These data show, at the molecular level, that monovalent, variant-specific vaccines can elicit functional antibodies, and shed light on potential functional and genetic differences of mAbs induced by vaccinations with different vaccine platforms.\.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raianna F. Fantin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan J. Clark
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hallie Cohn
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepika Jaiswal
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bailey Bozarth
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alesandro Civljak
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vishal Rao
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Igor Lobo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica R. Nardulli
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Komal Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Yong
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaitlyn Bushfield
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward S. Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - PVI Study Group
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ignaz Semmelweis Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goran Bajic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camila H. Coelho
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Gabernet G, Marquez S, Bjornson R, Peltzer A, Meng H, Aron E, Lee NY, Jensen CG, Ladd D, Polster M, Hanssen F, Heumos S, Yaari G, Kowarik MC, Nahnsen S, Kleinstein SH. nf-core/airrflow: An adaptive immune receptor repertoire analysis workflow employing the Immcantation framework. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012265. [PMID: 39058741 PMCID: PMC11305553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) is a valuable experimental tool to study the immune state in health and following immune challenges such as infectious diseases, (auto)immune diseases, and cancer. Several tools have been developed to reconstruct B cell and T cell receptor sequences from AIRR-seq data and infer B and T cell clonal relationships. However, currently available tools offer limited parallelization across samples, scalability or portability to high-performance computing infrastructures. To address this need, we developed nf-core/airrflow, an end-to-end bulk and single-cell AIRR-seq processing workflow which integrates the Immcantation Framework following BCR and TCR sequencing data analysis best practices. The Immcantation Framework is a comprehensive toolset, which allows the processing of bulk and single-cell AIRR-seq data from raw read processing to clonal inference. nf-core/airrflow is written in Nextflow and is part of the nf-core project, which collects community contributed and curated Nextflow workflows for a wide variety of analysis tasks. We assessed the performance of nf-core/airrflow on simulated sequencing data with sequencing errors and show example results with real datasets. To demonstrate the applicability of nf-core/airrflow to the high-throughput processing of large AIRR-seq datasets, we validated and extended previously reported findings of convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing 97 COVID-19 infected individuals and 99 healthy controls, including a mixture of bulk and single-cell sequencing datasets. Using this dataset, we extended the convergence findings to 20 additional subjects, highlighting the applicability of nf-core/airrflow to validate findings in small in-house cohorts with reanalysis of large publicly available AIRR datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Gabernet
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Quantitative Biology Center, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanna Marquez
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Robert Bjornson
- Yale Center for Research Computing, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Hailong Meng
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Edel Aron
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Noah Y. Lee
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Cole G. Jensen
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David Ladd
- oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Polster
- Quantitative Biology Center, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- M3 Research Center, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Hanssen
- Quantitative Biology Center, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- M3 Research Center, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Heumos
- Quantitative Biology Center, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- M3 Research Center, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Gur Yaari
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Markus C. Kowarik
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Center for Neurology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Nahnsen
- Quantitative Biology Center, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- M3 Research Center, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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7
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Voss K, Kaur KM, Banerjee R, Breden F, Pennell M. Evaluating methods for B-cell clonal family assignment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596491. [PMID: 38853833 PMCID: PMC11160721 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The adaptive immune response relies on a diverse repertoire of B-cell receptors, each of which is characterized by a distinct sequence resulting from VDJ-recombination. Upon binding to an antigen, B-cells undergo clonal expansion and in a process unique to B-cells the overall binding affinity of the repertoire is further enhanced by somatic hypermutations in the receptor sequence. For B-cell repertoires it is therefore particularly important to analyze the dynamics of clonal expansion and patterns of somatic hypermutations and thus it is necessary to group the sequences into distinct clones to determine the number and identity of expanding clonal families responding to an antigen. Multiple methods are currently used to identify clones from sequences, employing distinct approaches to the problem. Until now there has not been an extensive comparison of how well these methods perform under the same conditions. Furthermore, since this is fundamentally a phylogenetics problem, we speculated that the mPTP method, which delimits species based on an analysis of changes in the underlying process of diversification, might perform as well as or better than existing methods. Here we conducted extensive simulations of B-cell repertoires under a diverse set of conditions and studied errors in clonal assignment and in downstream ancestral state reconstruction. We demonstrated that SCOPer-H consistently yielded superior results across parameters. However, this approach relies on a good reference assembly for the germline immunoglobulin genes which is lacking for many species. Using mPTP had lower error rates than tailor-made immunogenetic methods and should therefore be considered by researchers studying antibody evolution in non-model organisms without a reference genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Voss
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Katrina M. Kaur
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rituparna Banerjee
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Felix Breden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Matt Pennell
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, USA
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8
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Irac SE, Soon MSF, Borcherding N, Tuong ZK. Single-cell immune repertoire analysis. Nat Methods 2024; 21:777-792. [PMID: 38637691 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell T cell and B cell antigen receptor-sequencing data analysis can potentially perform in-depth assessments of adaptive immune cells that inform on understanding immune cell development to tracking clonal expansion in disease and therapy. However, it has been extremely challenging to analyze and interpret T cells and B cells and their adaptive immune receptor repertoires at the single-cell level due to not only the complexity of the data but also the underlying biology. In this Review, we delve into the computational breakthroughs that have transformed the analysis of single-cell T cell and B cell antigen receptor-sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Irac
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Sioe Fei Soon
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Omniscope, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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9
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Beaulaurier J, Ly L, Duty JA, Tyer C, Stevens C, Hung CT, Sookdeo A, Drong AW, Kowdle S, Turner DJ, Juul S, Hickey S, Lee B. De novo antibody discovery in human blood from full-length single B cell transcriptomics and matching haplotyped-resolved germline assemblies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586834. [PMID: 38585716 PMCID: PMC10996687 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (IGH, IGK, IGL) loci in the human genome are highly polymorphic regions that encode the building blocks of the light and heavy chain IG proteins that dimerize to form antibodies. The processes of V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation in B cells are responsible for creating an enormous reservoir of highly specific antibodies capable of binding a vast array of possible antigens. However, the antibody repertoire is fundamentally limited by the set of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) alleles present in the germline IG loci. To better understand how the germline IG haplotypes contribute to the expressed antibody repertoire, we combined genome sequencing of the germline IG loci with single-cell transcriptome sequencing of B cells from the same donor. Sequencing and assembly of the germline IG loci captured the IGH locus in a single fully-phased contig where the maternal and paternal contributions to the germline V, D, and J repertoire can be fully resolved. The B cells were collected following a measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination, resulting in a population of cells that were activated in response to this specific immune challenge. Single-cell, full-length transcriptome sequencing of these B cells resulted in whole transcriptome characterization of each cell, as well as highly-accurate consensus sequences for the somatically rearranged and hypermutated light and heavy chain IG transcripts. A subset of antibodies synthesized based on their consensus heavy and light chain transcript sequences demonstrated binding to measles antigens and neutralization of measles live virus.
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10
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Balashova D, van Schaik BDC, Stratigopoulou M, Guikema JEJ, Caniels TG, Claireaux M, van Gils MJ, Musters A, Anang DC, de Vries N, Greiff V, van Kampen AHC. Systematic evaluation of B-cell clonal family inference approaches. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:13. [PMID: 38331731 PMCID: PMC11370117 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of clonal families (CFs) in B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis is a crucial step to understand the adaptive immune system and how it responds to antigens. The BCR repertoire of an individual is formed throughout life and is diverse due to several factors such as gene recombination and somatic hypermutation. The use of Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) using next generation sequencing enabled the generation of full BCR repertoires that also include rare CFs. The reconstruction of CFs from AIRR-seq data is challenging and several approaches have been developed to solve this problem. Currently, most methods use the heavy chain (HC) only, as it is more variable than the light chain (LC). CF reconstruction options include the definition of appropriate sequence similarity measures, the use of shared mutations among sequences, and the possibility of reconstruction without preliminary clustering based on V- and J-gene annotation. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate different approaches for CF reconstruction and to determine their impact on various outcome measures such as the number of CFs derived, the size of the CFs, and the accuracy of the reconstruction. The methods were compared to each other and to a method that groups sequences based on identical junction sequences and another method that only determines subclones. We found that after accounting for data set variability, in particular sequencing depth and mutation load, the reconstruction approach has an impact on part of the outcome measures, including the number of CFs. Simulations indicate that unique junctions and subclones should not be used as substitutes for CF and that more complex methods do not outperform simpler methods. Also, we conclude that different approaches differ in their ability to correctly reconstruct CFs when not considering the LC and to identify shared CFs. The results showed the effect of different approaches on the reconstruction of CFs and highlighted the importance of choosing an appropriate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Balashova
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbera D C van Schaik
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Stratigopoulou
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen E J Guikema
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom G Caniels
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Claireaux
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Musters
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dornatien C Anang
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niek de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Gabernet G, Marquez S, Bjornson R, Peltzer A, Meng H, Aron E, Lee NY, Jensen C, Ladd D, Hanssen F, Heumos S, Yaari G, Kowarik MC, Nahnsen S, Kleinstein SH. nf-core/airrflow: an adaptive immune receptor repertoire analysis workflow employing the Immcantation framework. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.18.576147. [PMID: 38293151 PMCID: PMC10827190 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) is a valuable experimental tool to study the immune state in health and following immune challenges such as infectious diseases, (auto)immune diseases, and cancer. Several tools have been developed to reconstruct B cell and T cell receptor sequences from AIRR-seq data and infer B and T cell clonal relationships. However, currently available tools offer limited parallelization across samples, scalability or portability to high-performance computing infrastructures. To address this need, we developed nf-core/airrflow, an end-to-end bulk and single-cell AIRR-seq processing workflow which integrates the Immcantation Framework following BCR and TCR sequencing data analysis best practices. The Immcantation Framework is a comprehensive toolset, which allows the processing of bulk and single-cell AIRR-seq data from raw read processing to clonal inference. nf-core/airrflow is written in Nextflow and is part of the nf-core project, which collects community contributed and curated Nextflow workflows for a wide variety of analysis tasks. We assessed the performance of nf-core/airrflow on simulated sequencing data with sequencing errors and show example results with real datasets. To demonstrate the applicability of nf-core/airrflow to the high-throughput processing of large AIRR-seq datasets, we validated and extended previously reported findings of convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing 97 COVID-19 infected individuals and 99 healthy controls, including a mixture of bulk and single-cell sequencing datasets. Using this dataset, we extended the convergence findings to 20 additional subjects, highlighting the applicability of nf-core/airrflow to validate findings in small in-house cohorts with reanalysis of large publicly available AIRR datasets. nf-core/airrflow is available free of charge, under the MIT license on GitHub (https://github.com/nf-core/airrflow). Detailed documentation and example results are available on the nf-core website at (https://nf-co.re/airrflow).
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12
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Gervásio J, Ferreira A, Felicori LF. Yclon: Ultrafast clustering of B cell clones from high-throughput immunoglobulin repertoire sequencing data. J Immunol Methods 2023; 523:113576. [PMID: 37966818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION The next-generation sequencing technologies have transformed our understanding of immunoglobulin (Ig) profiles in various immune states. Clonotyping, which groups Ig sequences into B cell clones, is crucial in investigating the diversity of repertoires and changes in antigen exposure. Despite its importance, there is no widely accepted method for clonotyping, and existing methods are computationally intensive for large sequencing datasets. RESULTS To address this challenge, we introduce YClon, a fast and efficient approach for clonotyping Ig repertoire data. YClon uses a hierarchical clustering approach, similar to other methods, to group Ig sequences into B cell clones in a highly sensitive and specific manner. Notably, our approach outperforms other methods by being more than 30 to 5000 times faster in processing the repertoires analyzed. Astonishingly, YClon can effortlessly handle up to 2 million Ig sequences on a standard laptop computer. This enables in-depth analysis of large and numerous antibody repertoires. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION YClon was implemented in Python3 and is freely available on GitHub.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gervásio
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Biomimetics, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alice Ferreira
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Biomimetics, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Liza F Felicori
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Biomimetics, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
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13
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Ding L, Sun L, Bu MT, Zhang Y, Scott LN, Prins RM, Su MA, Lechner MG, Hugo W. Antigen presentation by clonally diverse CXCR5+ B cells to CD4 and CD8 T cells is associated with durable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176994. [PMID: 37435085 PMCID: PMC10330698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased T cell infiltration and interferon gamma (IFNγ) pathway activation are seen in tumors of melanoma patients who respond to ICI (immune checkpoint inhibitor) or MAPK pathway inhibitor (MAPKi) therapies. Yet, the rate of durable tumor control after ICI is almost twice that of MAPKi, suggesting that additional mechanisms may be present in patients responding to ICI therapy that are beneficial for anti-tumor immunity. Methods We used transcriptional analysis and clinical outcomes from patients treated with ICI or MAPKi therapies to delineate immune mechanisms driving tumor response. Results We discovered response to ICI is associated with CXCL13-driven recruitment of CXCR5+ B cells with significantly higher clonal diversity than MAPKi. Our in vitro data indicate that CXCL13 production was increased in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by anti-PD1, but not MAPKi, treatment. Higher B cell infiltration and B cell receptor (BCR) diversity allows presentation of diverse tumor antigens by B cells, resulting in activation of follicular helper CD4 T cells (Tfh) and tumor reactive CD8 T cells after ICI therapy. Higher BCR diversity and IFNγ pathway score post-ICI are associated with significantly longer patient survival compared to those with either one or none. Conclusions Response to ICI, but not to MAPKi, depends on the recruitment of CXCR5+ B cells into the tumor microenvironment and their productive tumor antigen presentation to follicular helper and cytotoxic, tumor reactive T cells. Our study highlights the potential of CXCL13 and B cell based strategies to enhance the rate of durable response in melanoma patients treated with ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Ding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lu Sun
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Melissa T. Bu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lauren N. Scott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert M. Prins
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maureen A. Su
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Melissa G. Lechner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Willy Hugo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Ford EE, Tieri D, Rodriguez OL, Francoeur NJ, Soto J, Kos JT, Peres A, Gibson WS, Silver CA, Deikus G, Hudson E, Woolley CR, Beckmann N, Charney A, Mitchell TC, Yaari G, Sebra RP, Watson CT, Smith ML. FLAIRR-Seq: A Method for Single-Molecule Resolution of Near Full-Length Antibody H Chain Repertoires. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1607-1619. [PMID: 37027017 PMCID: PMC10152037 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Current Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) using short-read sequencing strategies resolve expressed Ab transcripts with limited resolution of the C region. In this article, we present the near-full-length AIRR-seq (FLAIRR-seq) method that uses targeted amplification by 5' RACE, combined with single-molecule, real-time sequencing to generate highly accurate (99.99%) human Ab H chain transcripts. FLAIRR-seq was benchmarked by comparing H chain V (IGHV), D (IGHD), and J (IGHJ) gene usage, complementarity-determining region 3 length, and somatic hypermutation to matched datasets generated with standard 5' RACE AIRR-seq using short-read sequencing and full-length isoform sequencing. Together, these data demonstrate robust FLAIRR-seq performance using RNA samples derived from PBMCs, purified B cells, and whole blood, which recapitulated results generated by commonly used methods, while additionally resolving H chain gene features not documented in IMGT at the time of submission. FLAIRR-seq data provide, for the first time, to our knowledge, simultaneous single-molecule characterization of IGHV, IGHD, IGHJ, and IGHC region genes and alleles, allele-resolved subisotype definition, and high-resolution identification of class switch recombination within a clonal lineage. In conjunction with genomic sequencing and genotyping of IGHC genes, FLAIRR-seq of the IgM and IgG repertoires from 10 individuals resulted in the identification of 32 unique IGHC alleles, 28 (87%) of which were previously uncharacterized. Together, these data demonstrate the capabilities of FLAIRR-seq to characterize IGHV, IGHD, IGHJ, and IGHC gene diversity for the most comprehensive view of bulk-expressed Ab repertoires to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Easton E. Ford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - David Tieri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Oscar L. Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Nancy J. Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Juan Soto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Justin T. Kos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Ayelet Peres
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - William S. Gibson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Catherine A. Silver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Gintaras Deikus
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Elizabeth Hudson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Cassandra R. Woolley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Noam Beckmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Alexander Charney
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Thomas C. Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Gur Yaari
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Robert P. Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Corey T. Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Melissa L. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
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15
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Ralph DK, Matsen FA. Inference of B cell clonal families using heavy/light chain pairing information. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010723. [PMID: 36441808 PMCID: PMC9731466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing of B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires has become a ubiquitous tool for understanding the antibody-mediated immune response: it is now common to have large volumes of sequence data coding for both the heavy and light chain subunits of the BCR. However, until the recent development of high throughput methods of preserving heavy/light chain pairing information, these samples contained no explicit information on which heavy chain sequence pairs with which light chain sequence. One of the first steps in analyzing such BCR repertoire samples is grouping sequences into clonally related families, where each stems from a single rearrangement event. Many methods of accomplishing this have been developed, however, none so far has taken full advantage of the newly-available pairing information. This information can dramatically improve clustering performance, especially for the light chain. The light chain has traditionally been challenging for clonal family inference because of its low diversity and consequent abundance of non-clonal families with indistinguishable naive rearrangements. Here we present a method of incorporating this pairing information into the clustering process in order to arrive at a more accurate partition of the data into clonally related families. We also demonstrate two methods of fixing imperfect pairing information, which may allow for simplified sample preparation and increased sequencing depth. Finally, we describe several other improvements to the partis software package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan K. Ralph
- Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Frederick A. Matsen
- Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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16
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Coelho CH, Galson JD, Trück J, Duffy PE. B cell clonal expansion and mutation in the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain in response to Pfs230 and Pfs25 malaria vaccines. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:707-710. [PMID: 34896314 PMCID: PMC9177897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines induce antibodies that target Plasmodium in the mosquito vector. We recently reported that Pfs230 vaccine achieves activity superior to Pfs25 in humans. Here, we describe clonal expansion in the variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chains (VH) of antigen-specific single B cells collected from humans immunised with Pfs230D1-EPA or Pfs25-EPA conjugate vaccines formulated in Alhydrogel®. Based on studies of CD27+ memory B cells following Pfs230 vaccination, clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation was seen in four of five subjects. Pfs25 did not induce sufficient CD27+ cells for sorting; based instead on CD19+ Pfs25-reactive B cells, clonal expansion was only seen in two of five subjects. Clonal expansions and mutations in Pfs230-specific single B cells combined with the enhanced activity of Pfs230 antibodies by complement, might justify the outstanding activity of Pfs230D1 as a TBV candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila H Coelho
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacob D Galson
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Clinical Research Center, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Alchemab Therapeutics Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Trück
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Clinical Research Center, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Gilboa A, Hope R, Ben Simon S, Polak P, Koren O, Yaari G. Ontogeny of the B Cell Receptor Repertoire and Microbiome in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2713-2725. [PMID: 35623663 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The immune system matures throughout childhood to achieve full functionality in protecting our bodies against threats. The immune system has a strong reciprocal symbiosis with the host bacterial population and the two systems co-develop, shaping each other. Despite their fundamental role in health physiology, the ontogeny of these systems is poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the development of the BCR repertoire by analyzing high-throughput sequencing of their receptors in several time points of young C57BL/6J mice. In parallel, we explored the development of the gut microbiome. We discovered that the gut IgA repertoires change from birth to adolescence, including an increase in CDR3 lengths and somatic hypermutation levels. This contrasts with the spleen IgM repertoires that remain stable and distinct from the IgA repertoires in the gut. We also discovered that large clones that germinate in the gut are initially confined to a specific gut compartment, then expand to nearby compartments and later on expand also to the spleen and remain there. Finally, we explored the associations between diversity indices of the B cell repertoires and the microbiome, as well as associations between bacterial and BCR clusters. Our results shed light on the ontogeny of the adaptive immune system and the microbiome, providing a baseline for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gilboa
- Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; and
| | - Ronen Hope
- Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shira Ben Simon
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Pazit Polak
- Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; and
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Gur Yaari
- Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel;
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; and
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18
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Zheng Z, Chang L, Li J, Wu Y, Chen G, Zou L. Insights Gained and Future Outlook From scRNAseq Studies in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849050. [PMID: 35251048 PMCID: PMC8891165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases have a major impact on public health as one of the most common morbidities, and many of these disorders involve both local and systemic manifestations with severe consequences for patient health and quality of life. However, treatment options for many of these diseases remain inadequate for a substantial portion of patients, and progress in developing novel therapeutics has been slow. This lack of progress can be largely attributed to an insufficient understanding of the complex mechanisms driving pathogenesis. Recently, the emergence of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has offered a powerful new tool for interrogating rheumatic diseases, with the potential to assess biological heterogeneity and individual cell function in rheumatic diseases. In this review, we discuss the major insights gained from current scRNAseq interrogations of human rheumatic diseases. We highlight novel cell populations and key molecular signatures uncovered, and also raise a number of hypotheses for follow-up study that may be of interest to the field. We also provide an outlook into two emerging single-cell technologies (repertoire sequencing and spatial transcriptomics) that have yet to be utilized in the field of rheumatic diseases, but which offer immense potential in expanding our understanding of immune and stromal cell behavior. We hope that scRNAseq may serve as a wellspring for the generation and interrogation of novel hypotheses regarding autoreactive lymphocytes and tissue infiltration patterns, and help uncover novel avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zheng
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Chang
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangxing Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyun Zou
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Chen JS, Chow RD, Song E, Mao T, Israelow B, Kamath K, Bozekowski J, Haynes WA, Filler RB, Menasche BL, Wei J, Alfajaro MM, Song W, Peng L, Carter L, Weinstein JS, Gowthaman U, Chen S, Craft J, Shon JC, Iwasaki A, Wilen CB, Eisenbarth SC. High-affinity, neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can be made without T follicular helper cells. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl5652. [PMID: 34914544 PMCID: PMC8977051 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper (TFH) cells are the conventional drivers of protective, germinal center (GC)–based antiviral antibody responses. However, loss of TFH cells and GCs has been observed in patients with severe COVID-19. As T cell–B cell interactions and immunoglobulin class switching still occur in these patients, noncanonical pathways of antibody production may be operative during SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that both TFH-dependent and -independent antibodies were induced against SARS-CoV-2 infection, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and influenza A virus infection. Although TFH-independent antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 had evidence of reduced somatic hypermutation, they were still high affinity, durable, and reactive against diverse spike-derived epitopes and were capable of neutralizing both homologous SARS-CoV-2 and the B.1.351 (beta) variant of concern. We found by epitope mapping and B cell receptor sequencing that TFH cells focused the B cell response, and therefore, in the absence of TFH cells, a more diverse clonal repertoire was maintained. These data support an alternative pathway for the induction of B cell responses during viral infection that enables effective, neutralizing antibody production to complement traditional GC-derived antibodies that might compensate for GCs damaged by viral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ryan D. Chow
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University; West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tianyang Mao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Israelow
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Renata B. Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bridget L. Menasche
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenzhi Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University; West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason S. Weinstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Uthaman Gowthaman
- Deparment of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University; West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joe Craft
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Unraveling B cell trajectories at single cell resolution. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:210-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Marquez S, Babrak L, Greiff V, Hoehn KB, Lees WD, Luning Prak ET, Miho E, Rosenfeld AM, Schramm CA, Stervbo U. Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire (AIRR) Community Guide to Repertoire Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2453:297-316. [PMID: 35622333 PMCID: PMC9761518 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2115-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune receptor repertoires (AIRRs) are rich with information that can be mined for insights into the workings of the immune system. Gene usage, CDR3 properties, clonal lineage structure, and sequence diversity are all capable of revealing the dynamic immune response to perturbation by disease, vaccination, or other interventions. Here we focus on a conceptual introduction to the many aspects of repertoire analysis and orient the reader toward the uses and advantages of each. Along the way, we note some of the many software tools that have been developed for these investigations and link the ideas discussed to chapters on methods provided elsewhere in this volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Marquez
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lmar Babrak
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth B Hoehn
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William D Lees
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- aiNET GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Immunology, and Transplantation, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany.
- Immundiagnostik, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany.
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22
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Morales-Núñez JJ, Muñoz-Valle JF, Torres-Hernández PC, Hernández-Bello J. Overview of Neutralizing Antibodies and Their Potential in COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121376. [PMID: 34960121 PMCID: PMC8706198 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody response to respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a major focus of COVID-19 research due to its clinical relevance and importance in vaccine and therapeutic development. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) evaluations are useful for the determination of individual or herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2, vaccine efficacy, and humoral protective response longevity, as well as supporting donor selection criteria for convalescent plasma therapy. In the current manuscript, we review the essential concepts of NAbs, examining their concept, mechanisms of action, production, and the techniques used for their detection; as well as presenting an overview of the clinical use of antibodies in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Morales-Núñez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.J.M.-N.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.J.M.-N.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | | | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.J.M.-N.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-333-450-9355
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23
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Lindenbaum O, Nouri N, Kluger Y, Kleinstein SH. Alignment free identification of clones in B cell receptor repertoires. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e21. [PMID: 33330933 PMCID: PMC7913774 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Following antigenic challenge, activated B cells rapidly expand and undergo somatic hypermutation, yielding groups of clonally related B cells with diversified immunoglobulin receptors. Inference of clonal relationships based on the receptor sequence is an essential step in many adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing studies. These relationships are typically identified by a multi-step process that involves: (i) grouping sequences based on shared V and J gene assignments, and junction lengths and (ii) clustering these sequences using a junction-based distance. However, this approach is sensitive to the initial gene assignments, which are error-prone, and fails to identify clonal relatives whose junction length has changed through accumulation of indels. Through defining a translation-invariant feature space in which we cluster the sequences, we develop an alignment free clonal identification method that does not require gene assignments and is not restricted to a fixed junction length. This alignment free approach has higher sensitivity compared to a typical junction-based distance method without loss of specificity and PPV. While the alignment free procedure identifies clones that are broadly consistent with the junction-based distance method, it also identifies clones with characteristics (multiple V or J gene assignments or junction lengths) that are not detectable with the junction-based distance method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Lindenbaum
- Program in Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nima Nouri
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Program in Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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24
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Abstract
Advances in reading, writing, and editing DNA are providing unprecedented insights into the complexity of immunological systems. This combination of systems and synthetic biology methods is enabling the quantitative and precise understanding of molecular recognition in adaptive immunity, thus providing a framework for reprogramming immune responses for translational medicine. In this review, we will highlight state-of-the-art methods such as immune repertoire sequencing, immunoinformatics, and immunogenomic engineering and their application toward adaptive immunity. We showcase novel and interdisciplinary approaches that have the promise of transforming the design and breadth of molecular and cellular immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Csepregi
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roy A. Ehling
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Wagner
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sai T. Reddy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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