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Zhang X, Lu Q, Luo Y, Wang L, Tian Y, Luo X. The causal relationship between major depression disorder and thyroid diseases: A Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 359:287-299. [PMID: 38788859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have been conducted on the relationship between depression and thyroid diseases and function, its causal relationship remains unclear. METHODS Using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies of European and East Asian ancestry, we conducted 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization to estimate the association between MDD and thyroid function (European: normal range TSH, T4, T3, fT4, TPOAb levels and TPOAb-positives; East Asian: T4) and thyroid diseases (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis), and used Mediation analysis to evaluate potential mediators (alcohol intake, antidepressant) of the association and calculate the mediated proportions. RESULTS It was observed a significant causal association between MDD on hypothyroidism (P = 8.94 × 10-5), hyperthyroidism (P = 8.68 × 10-3), and hashimoto's thyroiditis (P = 3.97 × 10-5) among European ancestry, which was mediated by Alcohol intake (alcohol intake versus 10 years previously for hypothyroidism (P = 0.026), hashimoto's thyroiditis (P = 0.042), and alcohol intake frequency for hypothyroidism (P = 0.015)) and antidepressant (for hypothyroidism (P = 0.008), hashimoto's thyroiditis (P = 0.010)), but not among East Asian ancestry (PMDD-hypothyroidism = 0.016, but β direction was different; PMDD-hyperthyroidism = 0.438; PMDD-hashimoto's thyroiditis = 0.496). There was no evidence for bidirectional causal association between thyroid function mentioned above and MDD among both ancestry (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION We importantly observed a significant causal association between MDD on risk of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and hashimoto's thyroiditis among European ancestry, and Alcohol intake and antidepressant as mediators for prevention of hypothyroidism, hashimoto's thyroiditis attributable to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Qiao Lu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yiping Luo
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xuemei Luo
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
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2
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Cheng J, Ye L, Chen Y, Han B, Wang N, Li Q, Lu Y. The effects of vitamin D and gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01315-6. [PMID: 38925429 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) involves genetic and environmental factors. There is a lack of clarity regarding the relationship between Vitamin D and HT. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Vitamin D and gene polymorphisms on thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity. METHODS A total of 9,966 participants were included from a survey conducted in East China from 2014 to 2016. We measured the levels of 25(OH)D, thyroid hormones and autoimmune antibodies. rs11675434, rs9277555, and rs301799 were genotyped. Based on these 3 SNPs, a weighted genetic risk score was calculated for TPOAb. RESULTS The proportion of females in the TPOAb-positive group was greater than that in the TPOAb-negative group (74.2% vs. 57.2%, P<0.001). Vitamin D levels were lower in the TPOAb-positive group than in the TPOAb-negative group (40.07±11.87 vs. 40.80±12.84, P=0.01). The GG genotype of rs9277555 and the TT genotype of rs11675434 were correlated with the risk of TPOAb positivity (OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.13-1.59, P=0.001; OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.06-1.58, P=0.01). TPOAb-GRS was associated with TPOAb positivity (OR=3.17, 95% CI 1.72-5.84; P<0.001). When stratified by Vitamin D group, the association between TPOAb-GRS and TPOAb positivity existed only in the Vitamin D deficiency group (OR=3.41, 95% CI 1.73-6.70 P<0.001) but not in the control group (OR=2.45, 95% CI 0.59-10.19, P=0.22). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that TPOAb-GRS was associated with TPOAb positivity in the Han Chinese population, mainly due to rs9277555 and rs11675434. The hereditary effect of TPOAb positivity differed depending on Vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, CN, PR China
| | - Lin Ye
- Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, CN, PR China
| | - Yingchao Chen
- Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, CN, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, CN, PR China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, CN, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, CN, PR China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, CN, PR China.
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3
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Pleić N, Babić Leko M, Gunjača I, Zemunik T. Vitamin D and thyroid function: A mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304253. [PMID: 38900813 PMCID: PMC11189194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous organs, including the thyroid gland, depend on vitamin D to function normally. Insufficient levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] are seen as a potential factor contributing to the emergence of several thyroid disorders, however, the causal relationship remains unclear. Here we use a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal effect of serum 25(OH)D concentration on the indicators of thyroid function. METHODS We conducted a two-sample MR analysis utilizing summary data from the most extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of serum 25(OH)D concentration (n = 443,734 and 417,580), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, n = 271,040), free thyroxine (fT4, n = 119,120), free triiodothyronine (fT3, n = 59,061), total triiodothyronine (TT3, n = 15,829), as well as thyroid peroxidase antibody levels and positivity (TPOAb, n = 12,353 and n = 18,297), low TSH (n = 153,241), high TSH (n = 141,549), autoimmune hypothyroidism (n = 287,247) and autoimmune hyperthyroidism (n = 257,552). The primary analysis was conducted using the multiplicative random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. The weighted mode, weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, and Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect estimates (CAUSE) were used in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS The IVW, as well as MR Egger and CAUSE analysis, showed a suggestive causal effect of 25(OH)D concentration on high TSH. Each 1 SD increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a 12% decrease in the risk of high TSH (p = 0.02). Additionally, in the MR Egger and CAUSE analysis, we found a suggestive causal effect of 25(OH)D concentration on autoimmune hypothyroidism. Specifically, each 1 SD increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a 16.34% decrease in the risk of autoimmune hypothyroidism (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our results support a suggestive causal effect which was negative in direction across all methods used, meaning that higher genetically predicted vitamin D concentration possibly lowers the odds of having high TSH or autoimmune hypothyroidism. Other thyroid parameters were not causally influenced by vitamin D serum concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Pleić
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Gunjača
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Wu S, Yi J, Wu B. Casual associations of thyroid function with inflammatory bowel disease and the mediating role of cytokines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1376139. [PMID: 38872961 PMCID: PMC11169666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1376139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous observational epidemiological studies have suggested a potential association between thyroid function and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the findings remain inconclusive, and whether this association is causal remains uncertain. The objective of this study is to investigate the causal association between thyroid function and IBD. Methods Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving seven indicators of thyroid function, IBD, and 41 cytokines were analyzed. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR were conducted to examine the causal relationship between thyroid function and IBD and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the associations. Results Genetically determined hypothyroidism significantly reduced the risk of CD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.761, 95% CI: 0.655-0.882, p < 0.001). Genetically determined reference-range TSH was found to have a suggestive causal effect on IBD (OR = 0.931, 95% CI: 0.888-0.976, p = 0.003), (Crohn disease) CD (OR = 0.915, 95% CI: 0.857-0.977, p = 0.008), and ulcerative colitis (UC) (OR =0.910, 95% CI: 0.830-0.997, p = 0.043). In reverse MR analysis, both IBD and CD appeared to have a suggestive causal effect on the fT3/fT4 ratio (OR = 1.002, p = 0.013 and OR = 1.001, p = 0.015, respectively). Among 41 cytokines, hypothyroidism had a significant impact on interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) (OR = 1.465, 95% CI: 1.094-1.962, p = 0.010). The results of multivariable MR showed that IP-10 may mediate the causal effects of hypothyroidism with CD. Conclusion Our results suggest that an elevated TSH level reduces the risk of CD, with IP-10 potentially mediating this association. This highlights the pituitary-thyroid axis could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Jiang YJ, Xiong YQ, Huang T, Xiao YX. Toenail and blood selenium mediated regulation of thyroid dysfunction through immune cells: a mediation Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1378969. [PMID: 38840695 PMCID: PMC11150534 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1378969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Specific nutrients found in food, such as minerals, antioxidants, and macronutrients, have a significant impact on immune function and human health. However, there is currently limited research exploring the relationship between specific nutrients, immune system function, and thyroid dysfunction commonly observed in autoimmune thyroid diseases, which manifest predominantly as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the connections between dietary traits and thyroid dysfunction, as well as the potential mediating role of immune cells, using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods The two-step MR analysis used single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instruments, with a threshold of p < 5e-08 for nutrients and thyroid dysfunction, and p < 5e-06 for immune cells. Data from different GWAS databases and UK Biobank were combined to analyze 8 antioxidants and 7 minerals, while the data for 4 macronutrients came from a cohort of 235,000 individuals of European. The outcome data (hypothyroidism, N = 3340; hyperthyroidism, N = 1840; free thyroxin [FT4], N = 49,269; thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], N = 54,288) were source from the ThyroidOmics consortium. Immune trait data, including 731 immune phenotypes, were collected from the GWAS catalog. Results The results revealed that nutrient changes, such as lycopene, toenail and blood selenium, and α-tocopherol, impacted the immune system. Immune cells also affected thyroid function, with cDC cells promoting hypothyroidism and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) phenotypes correlating strongly with FT4 levels. Toenail and blood selenium reduce the relative cell counts (RCC) phenotypes of immune cells (CD62L- plasmacytoid DC %DC and transitional B cells %Lymphocyte), thereby diminishing its promoting effect on hypothyroidis. Furthermore, toenail and blood selenium mainly impacted phenotypes in three types of T cells (CD25 + + CD8br, CD3 on CD45RA- CD4+, and CD45RA on Terminally Differentiated CD8br), reinforcing the negative regulation of FT4 levels. Conclusion The role of immune cells as mediators in the relationship between nutrients and thyroid dysfunction highlights their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic markers. Toenail and blood selenium levels can indirectly impact hypothyroidism by influencing the RCC levels of two types of immune cells, and can indirectly affect FT4 levels by influencing three types of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-xiao Xiao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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DeSouza NR, Jarboe T, Carnazza M, Quaranto D, Islam HK, Tiwari RK, Geliebter J. Long Non-Coding RNAs as Determinants of Thyroid Cancer Phenotypes: Investigating Differential Gene Expression Patterns and Novel Biomarker Discovery. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:304. [PMID: 38785786 PMCID: PMC11118935 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid Cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with increasing incidence globally. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), a differentiated form of TC, accounts for approximately 90% of TC and occurs predominantly in women of childbearing age. Although responsive to current treatments, recurrence of PTC by middle age is common and is much more refractive to treatment. Undifferentiated TC, particularly anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), is the most aggressive TC subtype, characterized by it being resistant and unresponsive to all therapeutic and surgical interventions. Further, ATC is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies across all cancer types. Despite the differences in therapeutic needs in differentiated vs. undifferentiated TC subtypes, there is a critical unmet need for the identification of molecular biomarkers that can aid in early diagnosis, prognosis, and actionable therapeutic targets for intervention. Advances in the field of cancer genomics have enabled for the elucidation of differential gene expression patterns between tumors and healthy tissue. A novel category of molecules, known as non-coding RNAs, can themselves be differentially expressed, and extensively contribute to the up- and downregulation of protein coding genes, serving as master orchestrators of regulated and dysregulated gene expression patterns. These non-coding RNAs have been identified for their roles in driving carcinogenic patterns at various stages of tumor development and have become attractive targets for study. The identification of specific genes that are differentially expressed can give insight into mechanisms that drive carcinogenic patterns, filling the gaps of deciphering molecular and cellular processes that modulate TC subtypes, outside of well-known driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. DeSouza
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.); (T.J.); (H.K.I.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Tara Jarboe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.); (T.J.); (H.K.I.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Michelle Carnazza
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.); (T.J.); (H.K.I.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Danielle Quaranto
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.); (T.J.); (H.K.I.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Humayun K. Islam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.); (T.J.); (H.K.I.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Raj K. Tiwari
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.); (T.J.); (H.K.I.); (R.K.T.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.); (T.J.); (H.K.I.); (R.K.T.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Zhang MZ, Zhao C, Xing XM, Lv J. Deciphering thyroid function and CIMT: a Mendelian randomization study of the U-shaped influence mediated by apolipoproteins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1345267. [PMID: 38586463 PMCID: PMC10995244 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1345267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) is a key marker for atherosclerosis, with its modulation being crucial for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. While thyroid function's impact on cardiovascular health is recognized, the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms influencing CIMT remain to be elucidated. Methods In this study, Mendelian Randomization (MR) was employed to assess the causal relationship between thyroid function and CIMT. Thyroid hormone data were sourced from the Thyroidomics Consortium, while lipid traits and CIMT measurements were obtained from the UK Biobank. The primary analysis method was a two-sample MR using multiplicative random effects inverse variance weighting (IVW-MRE). Additionally, the study explored the influence of thyroid hormones on lipid profiles and assessed their potential mediating role in the thyroid function-CIMT relationship through multivariate MR analysis. Results The study revealed that lower levels of Free Thyroxine (FT4) within the normal range are significantly associated with increased CIMT. This association was not observed with free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or TPOAb. Additionally, mediation analysis suggested that apolipoprotein A-I and B are involved in the relationship between thyroid function and CIMT. The findings indicate a potential U-shaped curve relationship between FT4 levels and CIMT, with thyroid hormone supplementation in hypothyroid patients showing benefits in reducing CIMT. Conclusion This research establishes a causal link between thyroid function and CIMT using MR methods, underscoring the importance of monitoring thyroid function for early cardiovascular risk assessment. The results advocate for the consideration of thyroid hormone supplementation in hypothyroid patients as a strategy to mitigate the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. These insights pave the way for more targeted approaches in managing patients with thyroid dysfunction to prevent cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-zhu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-ming Xing
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Chen K, Sun W, He L, Dong W, Zhang D, Zhang T, Zhang H. Exploring the bidirectional relationship between metabolic syndrome and thyroid autoimmunity: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1325417. [PMID: 38567309 PMCID: PMC10985172 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1325417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have reported a possible association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and thyroid autoimmunity. Nevertheless, the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and MetS remains unclear. The objective of this research was to assess the causal impact of MetS on thyroid autoimmunity through the utilization of Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology. Methods We performed bidirectional MR to elucidate the causal relationship between MetS and their components and thyroid autoimmunity (positivity of TPOAb). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MetS and its components were obtained from the publicly available genetic variation summary database. The Thyroidomics Consortium conducted a genome-wide association analysis, which provided summary-level data pertaining to thyroid autoimmunity. The study included several statistical methods, including the inverse variance weighting method (IVW), weighted median, simple mode, weight mode, and MR-Egger methods, to assess the causal link. In addition, to ensure the stability of the results, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results IVW showed that MetS reduced the risk of developing thyroid autoimmunity (OR = 0.717, 95% CI = 0.584 - 0.88, P = 1.48E-03). The investigation into the causative association between components of MetS and thyroid autoimmune revealed a statistically significant link between triglycerides levels and the presence of thyroid autoimmunity (IVW analysis, OR = 0.603, 95%CI = 0.45 -0.807, P = 6.82E-04). The reverse analysis did not reveal any causal relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and MetS, including its five components. Conclusions We have presented new genetic evidence demonstrating that MetS and its triglyceride components may serve as potential protective factors against thyroid autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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9
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Lacka K, Maciejewski A, Jarecki P, Herman W, Lacki JK, Żaba R, Kowalczyk MJ. Is There a Link between Thyroid Peroxidase Gene Promoter Polymorphisms and Autoimmune Thyroiditis in the Polish Population? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3312. [PMID: 38542286 PMCID: PMC10969849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism and one of the most frequent organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Its pathogenesis is polygenic and still requires further research. The aim of the study was to assess, for the first time in the Caucasian population, the role of selected TPO gene promoter polymorphisms (rs2071399 G/A, rs2071400C/T, rs2071402 A/G, and rs2071403 A/G) in the development of AIT. A total of 237 patients diagnosed with AIT and 130 healthy controls were genotyped for four TPO gene polymorphisms, and the results were statistically analyzed to check for the role of these polymorphisms. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the studied TPO gene promoter polymorphisms between patients and controls (p > 0.05). The haplotype distribution (rs2071400-rs2071402-rs2071403) between the two studied groups was similar for the most common variants (CGA, CAG, TGG). Only a rare haplotype (CGG) occurred more frequently among patients compared to controls (p = 0.04). The studied TPO gene promoter polymorphisms did not show an association with susceptibility to AIT in the Caucasian Polish population, contrary to the results in Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lacka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Maciejewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Herman
- Outpatients Unit for Endocrine Diseases, 67-400 Wschowa, Poland
| | - Jan K. Lacki
- Department of Medicine, The Jacob of Paradies University, 66-400 Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Ryszard Żaba
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał J. Kowalczyk
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Dulska A, Bodziony J, Janik M, Drosdzol-Cop A. The Potential Coexistence of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Pediatric Vulvar Lichen sclerosus. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:255. [PMID: 38397367 PMCID: PMC10887321 DOI: 10.3390/children11020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, often coexists with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). VLS presents with subtle symptoms including vulvar itching and discomfort. Clinically, a "Figure 8" pattern involving the labia minora, clitoral hood, and perianal region is often observed. It is prevalent both in pre-pubertal girls and women aged 40-60, and the link between VLS and AITD remains unclear, with proposed causes including autoimmune, hormonal or genetic factors, and environmental triggers. This study addresses the lack of research on the association in children, aiming to investigate the largest group of underage girls to date. AIM This study aimed to investigate the coexistence of thyroid autoimmune diseases in girls diagnosed with vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) and to assess the presence of antibodies for specific thyroid autoimmune diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study was conducted from July 2020 to February 2021, involving a sample of 55 girls aged 2-18 years old, all free from systemic diseases. The study group comprised 20 girls previously diagnosed with vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS), while the control group included 35 girls without VLS. Legal guardians completed questionnaires detailing the medical history of their children. Blood samples were collected from all participants and subjected to biochemical analysis. The presence of human IgG antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and IgG antibodies against thyroglobulin was assessed using the immunoenzymatic method with commercially available ELISA kits. RESULTS In the study group, common symptoms included itching, soreness, burning sensation, excoriation, and erythema or pallor of the skin and perineal mucosa. An evaluation of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies revealed no statistical significance between the study and control groups (anti-TG p = 0.379, anti-TPO p = 0.96). Family history of autoimmune diseases showed no significant correlation with anti-thyroid antibodies in girls. Although no significant relation between VLS occurrence and antibody levels was found, it emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary medical care. Further research with larger patient groups is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dulska
- Chair and Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Markiefki 87, 40-211 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jakub Bodziony
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Janik
- Euroimmun Polska Sp. z o.o., 50-543 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop
- Chair and Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Markiefki 87, 40-211 Katowice, Poland;
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Wang S, Wang K, Chen X, Chen D, Lin S. Autoimmune thyroid disease and myasthenia gravis: a study bidirectional Mendelian randomization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1310083. [PMID: 38405140 PMCID: PMC10884276 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1310083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested a potential association between AITD and MG, but the evidence is limited and controversial, and the exact causal relationship remains uncertain. Objective Therefore, we employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between AITD and MG. Methods To explore the interplay between AITD and MG, We conducted MR studies utilizing GWAS-based summary statistics in the European ancestry. Several techniques were used to ensure the stability of the causal effect, such as random-effect inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO. Heterogeneity was evaluated by calculating Cochran's Q value. Moreover, the presence of horizontal pleiotropy was investigated through MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO. Results The IVW method indicates a causal relationship between both GD(OR 1.31,95%CI 1.08 to 1.60,P=0.005) and autoimmune hypothyroidism (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.47, P =0.002) with MG. However, there is no association found between FT4(OR 0.88,95%CI 0.65 to 1.18,P=0.406), TPOAb(OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.86 to 2.07, P =0.186), TSH(OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.77 to 1.23, P =0.846), and MG. The reverse MR analysis reveals a causal relationship between MG and GD(OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.98, P =3.57e-3), with stable results. On the other hand, there is a significant association with autoimmune hypothyroidism(OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.59, P =0.019), but it is considered unstable due to the influence of horizontal pleiotropy (MR PRESSO Distortion Test P < 0.001). MG has a higher prevalence of TPOAb(OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.42, P =1.47e-5) positivity and may be linked to elevated TSH levels(Beta:0.08,95% CI:0.01 to 0.14,P =0.011), while there is no correlation between MG and FT4(Beta:-9.03e-3,95% CI:-0.07 to 0.05,P =0.796). Conclusion AITD patients are more susceptible to developing MG, and MG patients also have a higher incidence of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suijian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Daiyun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shaoda Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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12
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Lu D, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Fan X, Chen S, Wei P, Shan Y, Zhao G. Thyroid function and epilepsy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 17:1295749. [PMID: 38298204 PMCID: PMC10827972 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1295749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid hormones (THs) play a crucial role in regulating various biological processes, particularly the normal development and functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder with multiple etiologies. Further in-depth research on the role of thyroid hormones in epilepsy is warranted. Methods Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for thyroid function and epilepsy were obtained from the ThyroidOmics Consortium and the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Consortium cohort, respectively. A total of five indicators of thyroid function and ten types of epilepsy were included in the analysis. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to investigate potential causal relations between thyroid functions and various epilepsies. Multiple testing correction was performed using Bonferroni correction. Heterogeneity was calculated with the Cochran's Q statistic test. Horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated by the MR-Egger regression intercept. The sensitivity was also examined by leave-one-out strategy. Results The findings indicated the absence of any causal relationship between abnormalities in thyroid hormone and various types of epilepsy. The study analyzed the odds ratio (OR) between thyroid hormones and various types of epilepsy in five scenarios, including free thyroxine (FT4) on focal epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (IVW, OR = 0.9838, p = 0.02223), hyperthyroidism on juvenile absence epilepsy (IVW, OR = 0.9952, p = 0.03777), hypothyroidism on focal epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (IVW, OR = 1.0075, p = 0.01951), autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) on generalized epilepsy in all documented cases (weighted mode, OR = 1.0846, p = 0.0346) and on childhood absence epilepsy (IVW, OR = 1.0050, p = 0.04555). After Bonferroni correction, none of the above results showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion This study indicates that there is no causal relationship between thyroid-related disorders and various types of epilepsy. Future research should aim to avoid potential confounding factors that might impact the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sichang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Penghu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhi Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
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Liu X, Liu J, Zhang T, Wang Q, Zhang H. Complex relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid dysfunction: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1267383. [PMID: 38027113 PMCID: PMC10667917 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1267383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have reported the link between gut microbiota and thyroid dysfunction. However, the causal effect of gut microbiota on thyroid dysfunction and the changes in gut microbiota after the onset of thyroid dysfunction are not clear. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to explore the complex relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid dysfunction. Data on 211 bacterial taxa were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium, and data on thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism, thyroid-stimulating hormone alteration, thyroxine deficiency, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies positivity, were derived from several databases. Inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, weighted mode, and simple mode were applied to assess the causal effects of gut microbiota on thyroid dysfunction. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were followed to validate the robustness of the results. Finally, a reverse MR study was conducted to explore the alteration of gut microbiota after hypothyroidism onset. Results Our bidirectional two-sample MR study revealed that the genera Intestinimonas, Eubacterium brachy group, Ruminiclostridium5, and Ruminococcaceae UCG004 were the risk factors for decreased thyroid function, whereas the genera Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae UCG008 and phyla Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were protective. The abundance of eight bacterial taxa varied after the onset of hypothyroidism. Sensitivity analysis showed that no heterogeneity or pleiotropy existed in the results of this study. Conclusion This novel MR study systematically demonstrated the complex relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid dysfunction, which supports the selection of more targeted probiotics to maintain thyroid-gut axis homeostasis and thus to prevent, control, and reverse the development of thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Li A, Zhou Q, Mei Y, Zhao J, Zhao M, Xu J, Ge X, Li Y, Li K, Yang M, Xu Q. Thyroid disrupting effects of multiple metals exposure: Comprehensive investigation from the thyroid parenchyma to hormonal function in a prospective cohort study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132115. [PMID: 37499494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the thyroid disrupting effects of multiple metals exposure with comprehensive investigation from the thyroid parenchyma to hormonal function. In this prospective cohort study of in-service staff of the Baoding Power Supply, we found that arsenic was negatively associated with total thyroxine (TT4) [βAs = -0.075, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.129, -0.020, Padj = 0.04]. Similarly, selenium was negatively correlated with TT4 (βSe = -0.134, 95% CI: -0.211, -0.058, Padj < 0.01) and peripheral deiodinase activity (GT) (βSe = -0.133, 95% CI: -0.210, -0.056, Padj = 0.01). With respect to strontium, there were positive associations of strontium with thyroid-stimulating hormone (βSr = 0.263, 95% CI: 0.112, 0.414, Padj = 0.01), and negative associations of strontium with TT4 (βSr = -0.099, 95% CI: -0.150, -0.048, Padj < 0.01) and GT (βSr = -0.102, 95% CI: -0.153, -0.050, Padj < 0.01). We also observed negative associations of metal mixtures with TT4 and GT and potential interactions. Increased risks of thyroid nodule associated with aluminum, cobalt and nickel were also observed. Our findings suggest that multiple metals exposure leads to a multi-pronged assault to thyroid from the thyroid parenchyma to hormonal function. Future large-scale prospective cohort studies of general population and experimental studies were warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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Zamwar UM, Muneshwar KN. Epidemiology, Types, Causes, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hypothyroidism. Cureus 2023; 15:e46241. [PMID: 37908940 PMCID: PMC10613832 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism means an underactive thyroid gland. This leads to a decrease in the functioning of the thyroid gland. It is a very common endocrine disorder that causes under-secretion of thyroid hormones, mainly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). It affects people of every age group but is more commonly found in women and older people. The symptoms of hypothyroidism can go unnoticed, may not be specific, and may overlap with other conditions, which makes it harder to diagnose it in some cases. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, increased sensitivity to cold (cold intolerance), irregular bowel movements (constipation), and dry skin (xeroderma). These conditions are mostly the result of a low metabolic rate in the body. Weight gain occurs due to a decrease in fat-burning rate and cold intolerance due to a decrease in heat production by the body. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including autoimmune diseases, radiation therapy, thyroid gland removal surgeries, and certain medications. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on laboratory tests that measure the levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the blood. Treatment typically involves lifelong hormone replacement therapy with synthetic thyroid hormone replacement medication, such as levothyroxine, to help regulate hormone levels in the body. People with hypothyroidism may need to have their medication dosage adjusted over time. If hypothyroidism is left untreated, it can lead to severe complications like mental retardation, delayed milestones, etc., in infants and heart failure, infertility, myxedema coma, etc., in adults. With appropriate treatment, the symptoms of hypothyroidism can be effectively managed, and most people with the condition can lead normal, healthy lives. Lifestyle modifications like eating healthy food and exercising regularly can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit M Zamwar
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Komal N Muneshwar
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Fichna M, Małecki PP, Żurawek M, Furman K, Gębarski B, Fichna P, Ruchała M. Genetic variants and risk of endocrine autoimmunity in relatives of patients with Addison's disease. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230008. [PMID: 37010089 PMCID: PMC10235924 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Since individuals with Addison's disease (AD) present considerable co-occurrence of additional autoimmune conditions, clustering of autoimmunity was also predicted among their relatives. The study was aimed to assess circulating autoantibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with AD and to correlate them with the established genetic risk factors (PTPN22 rs2476601, CTLA4 rs231775, and BACH2 rs3757247). Antibodies were evaluated using validated commercial assays, and genotyping was performed using TaqMan chemistry. The studied cohort comprised 112 female and 75 male relatives. Circulating autoantibodies were found in 69 relatives (36.9%). Thyroid autoantibodies, that is antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (aTPO) and thyroglobulin (aTg), were detectable in 25.1 and 17.1% relatives, respectively. Antibodies to 21-hydroxylase (a21OH) were found in 5.8% individuals, and beta cell-specific antibodies to ZnT8, GAD, and IA2 were found in 7.5, 8.0, and 2.7%, respectively. The prevalence of a21OH (P = 0.0075; odds ratio (OR) 7.68; 95% CI 1.903-36.0), aTPO (P < 0.0001; OR 3.85; 95% CI 1.873-7.495), and aTg (P < 0.0001; OR 7.73; 95% CI 3.112-19.65), as well as aGAD (P = 0.0303; OR 3.38; 95% CI 1.180-9.123) and aZnT8 (P = 0.032; OR 6.40; 95% CI 1.846-21.91), was significantly increased in carriers of rs2476601 T allele. Moreover, T allele appeared to be a risk factor for multiple circulating autoantibody specificities (P = 0.0009; OR 5.79; 95% CI 1.962-15.81). None of the studied autoantibodies demonstrated significant association with rs231775 in CTLA4 (P > 0.05), and only weak association was detected between BACH2 rs3757247 and circulating aTPO (P = 0.0336; OR 2.12; 95%CI 1.019-4.228). In conclusion, first-degree relatives of patients with AD, carriers of the PTPN22 rs2476601 T allele, are at particular risk of developing autoantibodies to endocrine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fichna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr P Małecki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żurawek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Piotr Fichna
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060918. [PMID: 36980259 PMCID: PMC10047067 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease, which is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with two presentation phenotypes: hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is distinguished by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Meanwhile, autoantibodies against the TSH receptor have been found in Graves-Basedow disease. Numerous susceptibility genes, as well as epigenetic and environmental factors, contribute to the pathogenesis of both diseases. This review summarizes the most common genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms involved in autoimmune thyroid disease.
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Weihs A, Chaker L, Martin TC, Braun KV, Campbell PJ, Cox SR, Fornage M, Gieger C, Grabe HJ, Grallert H, Harris SE, Kühnel B, Marioni RE, Martin NG, McCartney DL, McRae AF, Meisinger C, van Meurs JB, Nano J, Nauck M, Peters A, Prokisch H, Roden M, Selvin E, Beekman M, van Heemst D, Slagboom EP, Swenson BR, Tin A, Tsai PC, Uitterlinden A, Visser WE, Völzke H, Waldenberger M, Walsh JP, Köttgen A, Wilson SG, Peeters RP, Bell JT, Medici M, Teumer A. Epigenome-Wide Association Study Reveals CpG Sites Associated with Thyroid Function and Regulatory Effects on KLF9. Thyroid 2023; 33:301-311. [PMID: 36719767 PMCID: PMC10024591 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones play a key role in differentiation and metabolism and are known regulators of gene expression through both genomic and epigenetic processes including DNA methylation. The aim of this study was to examine associations between thyroid hormones and DNA methylation. Methods: We carried out a fixed-effect meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of blood DNA methylation sites from 8 cohorts from the ThyroidOmics Consortium, incorporating up to 7073 participants of both European and African ancestry, implementing a discovery and replication stage. Statistical analyses were conducted using normalized beta CpG values as dependent and log-transformed thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine levels, respectively, as independent variable in a linear model. The replicated findings were correlated with gene expression levels in whole blood and tested for causal influence of TSH and free thyroxine by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Results: Epigenome-wide significant associations (p-value <1.1E-7) of three CpGs for free thyroxine, five for free triiodothyronine, and two for TSH concentrations were discovered and replicated (combined p-values = 1.5E-9 to 4.3E-28). The associations included CpG sites annotated to KLF9 (cg00049440) and DOT1L (cg04173586) that overlap with all three traits, consistent with hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis physiology. Significant associations were also found for CpGs in FKBP5 for free thyroxine, and at CSNK1D/LINCO1970 and LRRC8D for free triiodothyronine. MR analyses supported a causal effect of thyroid status on DNA methylation of KLF9. DNA methylation of cg00049440 in KLF9 was inversely correlated with KLF9 gene expression in blood. The CpG at CSNK1D/LINC01970 overlapped with thyroid hormone receptor alpha binding peaks in liver cells. The total additive heritability of the methylation levels of the six significant CpG sites was between 25% and 57%. Significant methylation QTLs were identified for CpGs at KLF9, FKBP5, LRRC8D, and CSNK1D/LINC01970. Conclusions: We report novel associations between TSH, thyroid hormones, and blood-based DNA methylation. This study advances our understanding of thyroid hormone action particularly related to KLF9 and serves as a proof-of-concept that integrations of EWAS with other -omics data can provide a valuable tool for unraveling thyroid hormone signaling in humans by complementing and feeding classical in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Weihs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Layal Chaker
- Erasmus MC Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiphaine C. Martin
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kim V.E. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Purdey J. Campbell
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology; Institute of Genetics and Cancer; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology; Institute of Genetics and Cancer; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel L. McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Allan F. McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Joyce B.J. van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopeadics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Computational Health Center; Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eline P. Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brenton R. Swenson
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adrienne Tin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Edward Visser
- Erasmus MC Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - John P. Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Scott G. Wilson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Robin P. Peeters
- Erasmus MC Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordana T. Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Medici
- Erasmus MC Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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19
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Ghanooni AH, Zadeh-Vakili A, Rezvankhah B, Jafari Nodushan S, Akbarzadeh M, Amouzegar A, Daneshpour MS, Khalili D, Mehrabi Y, Ebadi SA, Azizi F. Longitudinal Associations Between TPO Gene Variants and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Seroconversion in a Population-Based Study: Tehran Thyroid Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:65-73. [PMID: 36989526 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are usually accompanied by anti-thyroid antibodies which can serve as early predictive markers. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene variants and the presence of TPOAb and to evaluate the effect of environmental factors associated with seroconversion from TPOAb-negative to TPOAb-positive. Methods: Participants from phases 1 and 2 of the Tehran Thyroid Study in (n = 5327, ≥20 years) were evaluated in terms of TPOAb positivity, and its relationship with 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from within the TPO gene (cross-sectional approach). TPOAb-negative participants (n = 4815) were followed up for seroconversion for 5.5 years. The relationship between the TPO gene variants and the TPOAb seroconversion was evaluated (longitudinal approach). Results: There were 521 TPOAb-positive participants in the cross-sectional phase and 266 new TPOAb-positive cases observed during the follow-up period. After quality control (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p < 1 × 10-5) and minor allele frequency < 0.05), 49 SNPs were qualified for association analyses. From this set fourteen SNPs were identified that were associated with TPOAb positivity. rs6605278, located in the 3'UTR TPO gene, was the most highly significantly associated of the variant and remained associated after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, number of parity, and oral contraceptive consumption in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses (p < 0.05). Conclusions: TPOAb-positivity can be partially explained by variants in the TPO gene. New TPOAb-associated SNPs were observed in Iranians as an ethnically diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Ghanooni
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Zadeh-Vakili
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Boshra Rezvankhah
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jafari Nodushan
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Ebadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Gallo D, Baci D, Kustrimovic N, Lanzo N, Patera B, Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Mortara L. How Does Vitamin D Affect Immune Cells Crosstalk in Autoimmune Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054689. [PMID: 36902117 PMCID: PMC10003699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is highly involved in bone health. Mounting evidence revealed that, in addition to the regulation of mineral metabolism, vitamin D is implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation, vascular and muscular functions, and metabolic health. Since the discovery of vitamin D receptors in T cells, local production of active vitamin D was demonstrated in most immune cells, addressing the interest in the clinical implications of vitamin D status in immune surveillance against infections and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. T cells, together with B cells, are seen as the main immune cells involved in autoimmune diseases; however, growing interest is currently focused on immune cells of the innate compartment, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in the initiation phases of autoimmunity. Here we reviewed recent advances in the onset and regulation of Graves' and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, vitiligo, and multiple sclerosis in relation to the role of innate immune cells and their crosstalk with vitamin D and acquired immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Natasa Kustrimovic
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lanzo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Bohdan Patera
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
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21
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Lafontaine N, Wilson SG, Walsh JP. DNA Methylation in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:604-613. [PMID: 36420742 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Graves disease and Hashimoto disease form part of the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), to which genetic and environmental factors are recognized contributors. Epigenetics provides a potential link between environmental influences, gene expression, and thyroid autoimmunity. DNA methylation (DNAm) is the best studied epigenetic process, and global hypomethylation of leukocyte DNA is reported in several autoimmune disorders. This review summarizes the current understanding of DNAm in AITD. Targeted DNAm studies of blood samples from AITD patients have reported differential DNAm in the promoter regions of several genes implicated in AITD, including TNF, IFNG, IL2RA, IL6, ICAM1, and PTPN22. In many cases, however, the findings await replication and are unsupported by functional studies to support causal roles in AITD pathogenesis. Furthermore, thyroid hormones affect DNAm, and in many studies confounding by reverse causation has not been considered. Recent studies have shown that DNAm patterns in candidate genes including ITGA6, PRKAA2, and DAPK1 differ between AITD patients from regions with different iodine status, providing a potential mechanism for associations between iodine and AITD. Research focus in the field is moving from candidate gene studies to an epigenome-wide approach. Genome-wide methylation studies of AITD patients have demonstrated multiple differentially methylated positions, including some in immunoregulatory genes such as NOTCH1, HLA-DRB1, TNF, and ICAM1. Large, epigenome-wide studies are required to elucidate the pathophysiological role of DNAm in AITD, with the potential to provide novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lafontaine
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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22
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Liu X, Miao Y, Liu C, Lu W, Feng Q, Zhang Q. Identification of multiple novel susceptibility genes associated with autoimmune thyroid disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161311. [PMID: 37197658 PMCID: PMC10183592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is induced by various factors, including inheritability, which regulates gene expression. Multiple loci correlated with AITD have been discovered utilizing genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Nevertheless, demonstrating the biological relevance and function of these genetic loci is difficult. Methods The FUSION software was utilized to define genes that were expressed differentially in AITD using a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) method in accordance with GWAS summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association study of 755,406 AITD individuals (30,234 cases and 725,172 controls) and levels of gene expression from two tissue datasets (blood and thyroid). Further analyses were performed such as colocalization, conditional, and fine-mapping analyses to extensively characterize the identified associations, using functional mapping and annotation (FUMA) to conduct functional annotation of the summary statistics of 23329 significant risk SNPs (P < 5 × 10-8) recognized by GWAS, together with summary-data-based mendelian randomization (SMR) for identifying functionally related genes at the loci in GWAS. Results There were 330 genes with transcriptome-wide significant differences between cases and controls, and the majority of these genes were new. 9 of the 94 unique significant genes had strong, colocalized, and potentially causal correlations with AITD. Such strong associations included CD247, TPO, KIAA1524, PDE8B, BACH2, FYN, FOXK1, NKX2-3, and SPATA13. Subsequently, applying the FUMA approach, novel putative AITD susceptibility genes and involved gene sets were detected. Furthermore, we detected 95 probes that showed strong pleiotropic association with AITD through SMR analysis, such as CYP21A2, TPO, BRD7, and FCRL3. Lastly, we selected 26 genes by integrating the result of TWAS, FUMA, and SMR analysis. A phenome-wide association study (pheWAS) was then carried out to determine the risk of other related or co-morbid phenotypes for AITD-related genes. Conclusions The current work provides further insight into widespread changes in AITD at the transcriptomic level, as well as characterized the genetic component of gene expression in AITD by validating identified genes, establishing new correlations, and uncovering novel susceptibility genes. Our findings indicate that the genetic component of gene expression plays a significant part in AITD.
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23
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Harsini S, Rezaei N. Autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Li H, Li M, Dong S, Zhang S, Dong A, Zhang M. Assessment of the association between genetic factors regulating thyroid function and microvascular complications in diabetes: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study in the European population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1126339. [PMID: 36926020 PMCID: PMC10011638 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1126339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have identified a possible link between thyroid function and diabetic microangiopathy, specifically in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects a causal relationship. OBJECTIVE To assess the potential direct effect of thyroid characteristics on DKD and DR based on Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS We conducted an MR study using genetic variants as an instrument associated with thyroid function to examine the causal effects on DKD and DR. The study included the analysis of 4 exposure factors associated with thyroid hormone regulation and 5 outcomes. Genomewide significant variants were used as instruments for standardized freethyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the reference range, standardized free triiodothyronine (FT3):FT4 ratio, and standardized thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAB) levels. The primary outcomes were DKD and DR events, and secondary outcomes were estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in diabetes, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Satisfying the 3 MR core assumptions, the inverse-variance weighted technique was used as the primary analysis, and sensitivity analysis was performed using MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier techniques. RESULTS All outcome and exposure instruments were selected from publicly available GWAS data conducted in European populations. In inverse-variance weighted random-effects MR, gene-based TSH with in the reference range was associated with DKD (OR 1.44; 95%CI 1.04, 2.41; P = 0.033) and eGFR (β: -0.031; 95%CI: -0.063, -0.001; P = 0.047). Gene-based increased FT3:FT4 ratio, decreased FT4 with in the reference range were associated with increased ACR with inverse-variance weighted random-effects β of 0.178 (95%CI: 0.004, 0.353; P = 0.046) and -0.078 (95%CI: -0.142, -0.014; P = 0.017), respectively, and robust to tests of horizontal pleiotropy. However, all thyroid hormone instruments were not associated with DR and PDR at the genetic level. CONCLUSION In diabetic patients, an elevated TSH within the reference range was linked to a greater risk of DKD and decreased eGFR. Similarly, decreased FT4 and an increased FT3:FT4 ratio within the reference range were associated with increased ACR in diabetic patients. However, gene-based thyroid hormones were not associated with DR, indicating a possible pathway involving the thyroid-islet-renal axis. However, larger population studies are needed to further validate this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdian Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoning Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Dong
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mianzhi Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Mianzhi Zhang,
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25
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Lu M, Liu H, Zheng B, Sun S, Chen C. Links between Breast and Thyroid Cancer: Hormones, Genetic Susceptibility and Medical Interventions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5117. [PMID: 36291901 PMCID: PMC9600751 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast and thyroid glands are two common sites of female malignancies. Since the late 19th century, physicians have found that the cancers in either thyroid or mammary gland might increase the risk of second primary cancers in the other site. From then on, many observational clinical studies have confirmed the hypothesis and more than one theory has been developed to explain the phenomenon. Since the two glands both have secretory functions and are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, they may share some common oncogenic molecular pathways. However, other risks factors, including medical interventions and hormones, are also observed to play a role. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the associations between the two cancers. The putative mechanisms, such as hormone alteration, autoimmune attack, genetic predisposition and other life-related factors are reviewed and discussed. Medical interventions, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can also increase the risk of second primary cancers. This review will provide novel insights into the research designs, clinical managements and treatments of thyroid and breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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26
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Yazar S, Alquicira-Hernandez J, Wing K, Senabouth A, Gordon MG, Andersen S, Lu Q, Rowson A, Taylor TRP, Clarke L, Maccora K, Chen C, Cook AL, Ye CJ, Fairfax KA, Hewitt AW, Powell JE. Single-cell eQTL mapping identifies cell type-specific genetic control of autoimmune disease. Science 2022; 376:eabf3041. [PMID: 35389779 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human immune system displays substantial variation between individuals, leading to differences in susceptibility to autoimmune disease. We present single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from 1,267,758 peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 982 healthy human subjects. For 14 cell types, we identified 26,597 independent cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and 990 trans-eQTLs, with most showing cell type-specific effects on gene expression. We subsequently show how eQTLs have dynamic allelic effects in B cells that are transitioning from naïve to memory states and demonstrate how commonly segregating alleles lead to interindividual variation in immune function. Finally, using a Mendelian randomization approach, we identify the causal route by which 305 risk loci contribute to autoimmune disease at the cellular level. This work brings together genetic epidemiology with scRNA-seq to uncover drivers of interindividual variation in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyhan Yazar
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jose Alquicira-Hernandez
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristof Wing
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Anne Senabouth
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Grace Gordon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stacey Andersen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Qinyi Lu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Antonia Rowson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas R P Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Linda Clarke
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katia Maccora
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony L Cook
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute of Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten A Fairfax
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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27
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Chen G, Lv H, Zhang X, Gao Y, Liu X, Gu C, Xue R, Wang Q, Chen M, Zhai J, Yue W, Yu H. Assessment of the relationships between genetic determinants of thyroid functions and bipolar disorder: A mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:373-380. [PMID: 34728293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid functions (TFs) have been implicated in the initiation and propagation of psychiatric disorders. Observational studies have shown associations of TFs with psychiatric disorders. However, the relationship between TFs and psychiatric diseases were still unclear. METHODS Genetic instruments for 6 TF-realted indexes, including free thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (FT3):FT4 ratio, thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) concentration, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism, were obtained from several genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Their associations with BD were evaluated using Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) datasets (41,917 cases and 371,549 controls). All GWAS summary statitics were from European ancestry. Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates from each genetic instrument were combined using inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis, with complementary methods (eg, weighted median and MR Egger). We also multiple sensitivity analyses to examine horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. RESULTS Genetically predicted level of FT4 was significantly associated with BD (odds ratio (OR)=0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83-0.95; P=4.65 × 10-3), survived after the Bonferroni correction (P<0.05/6=0.008). Consistent directional effects for all sensitivity analyses were observed in the weighted median and MR Egger methods. Furthermore, our sensitive test suggested no significant horizontal pleiotropy (intercept=-0.01, P=0.12) and no notable heterogeneity (Q = 29.9; P=0.09). However, other TF indexes (FT3:FT4 ratio [OR=1.24, P=0.10], TSH [OR=1.01, P=0.61], TPOAb concentration [OR=1.20, P=0.54], hypothyroidism [OR=1.00, P=0.91], and hyperthyroidism [OR=0.99, P=0.57]) were not associated with BD. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further evidence that higher FT4 level is associated with a reduced risk of BD, and suggest the importance of FT4 level in BD risk assessment and potential therapeutic targets development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Honggang Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, China
| | - Chuanzheng Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, China
| | - Ranran Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing 100191, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.
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Giontella A, Lotta LA, Overton JD, Baras A, Sartorio A, Minuz P, Gill D, Melander O, Fava C. Association of Thyroid Function with Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121306. [PMID: 34945778 PMCID: PMC8704995 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid function has a widespread effect on the cardiometabolic system. However, the causal association between either subclinical hyper- or hypothyroidism and the thyroid hormones with blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is not clear. We aim to investigate this in a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), hyper- and hypothyroidism, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), were selected as MR instrumental variables. SNPs-outcome (BP, CVD) associations were evaluated in a large-scale cohort, the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (n = 29,298). Causal estimates were computed by inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger approaches. Genetically increased levels of TSH were associated with decreased systolic BP and with a lower risk of atrial fibrillation. Hyperthyroidism and TPOAb were associated with a lower risk of atrial fibrillation. Our data support a causal association between genetically decreased levels of TSH and both atrial fibrillation and systolic BP. The lack of significance after Bonferroni correction and the sensitivity analyses suggesting pleiotropy, should prompt us to be cautious in their interpretation. Nevertheless, these findings offer mechanistic insight into the etiology of CVD. Further work into the genes involved in thyroid functions and their relation to cardiovascular outcomes may highlight pathways for targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giontella
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Luca A. Lotta
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA; (L.A.L.); (J.D.O.); (A.B.)
| | - John D. Overton
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA; (L.A.L.); (J.D.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA; (L.A.L.); (J.D.O.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Andrea Sartorio
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Olle Melander
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
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29
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Zazuli Z, de Jong C, Xu W, Vijverberg SJH, Masereeuw R, Patel D, Mirshams M, Khan K, Cheng D, Ordonez-Perez B, Huang S, Spreafico A, Hansen AR, Goldstein DP, de Almeida JR, Bratman SV, Hope A, Knox JJ, Wong RKS, Darling GE, Kitchlu A, van Haarlem SWA, van der Meer F, van Lindert ASR, ten Heuvel A, Brouwer J, Ross CJD, Carleton BC, Egberts TCG, Herder GJM, Deneer VHM, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Liu G. Association between Genetic Variants and Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Genome-Wide Approach and Validation Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111233. [PMID: 34834585 PMCID: PMC8623115 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate genetic risk factors for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by investigating not previously studied genetic risk variants and further examining previously reported genetic associations. A genome-wide study (GWAS) was conducted in genetically estimated Europeans in a discovery cohort of cisplatin-treated adults from Toronto, Canada, followed by a candidate gene approach in a validation cohort from the Netherlands. In addition, previously reported genetic associations were further examined in both the discovery and validation cohorts. The outcome, nephrotoxicity, was assessed in two ways: (i) decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula (CKD-EPI) and (ii) increased serum creatinine according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03 for acute kidney injury (AKI-CTCAE). Four different Illumina arrays were used for genotyping. Standard quality control was applied for pre- and post-genotype imputation data. In the discovery cohort (n = 608), five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reached genome-wide significance. The A allele in rs4388268 (minor allele frequency = 0.23), an intronic variant of the BACH2 gene, was consistently associated with increased risk of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in both definitions, meeting genome-wide significance (β = −8.4, 95% CI −11.4–−5.4, p = 3.9 × 10−8) for decreased eGFR and reaching suggestive association (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.3–6.7, p = 7.4 × 10−7) by AKI-CTCAE. In the validation cohort of 149 patients, this variant was identified with the same direction of effect (eGFR: β = −1.5, 95% CI −5.3–2.4, AKI-CTCAE: OR = 1.7, 95% CI 0.8–3.5). Findings of our previously published candidate gene study could not be confirmed after correction for multiple testing. Genetic predisposition of BACH2 (rs4388268) might be important in the development of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, indicating opportunities for mechanistic understanding, tailored therapy and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfan Zazuli
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands or (Z.Z.); (S.J.H.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology-Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Corine de Jong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, 3430 EM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.C.G.E.); (V.H.M.D.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada;
| | - Susanne J. H. Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands or (Z.Z.); (S.J.H.V.)
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Devalben Patel
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (D.P.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.H.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Maryam Mirshams
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (D.P.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.H.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Khaleeq Khan
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (D.P.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.H.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Dangxiao Cheng
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (D.P.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.H.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Bayardo Ordonez-Perez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
| | - Shaohui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (S.H.); (S.V.B.); (A.H.); (R.K.S.W.)
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (D.P.G.); (J.R.d.A.)
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (D.P.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.H.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Aaron R. Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (D.P.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.H.); (J.J.K.)
| | - David P. Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (D.P.G.); (J.R.d.A.)
| | - John R. de Almeida
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (D.P.G.); (J.R.d.A.)
| | - Scott V. Bratman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (S.H.); (S.V.B.); (A.H.); (R.K.S.W.)
| | - Andrew Hope
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (S.H.); (S.V.B.); (A.H.); (R.K.S.W.)
| | - Jennifer J. Knox
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (D.P.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.H.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Rebecca K. S. Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (S.H.); (S.V.B.); (A.H.); (R.K.S.W.)
| | - Gail E. Darling
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
| | - Abhijat Kitchlu
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada;
| | | | - Femke van der Meer
- Department of Pulmonology, Diakonessenhuis, 3582 KE Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Anne S. R. van Lindert
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Alexandra ten Heuvel
- Department of Pulmonology, Groene Hart Hospital, 2803 HH Gouda, The Netherlands;
| | - Jan Brouwer
- Department of Pulmonology, Rivierenland Hospital, 4002 WP Tiel, The Netherlands;
| | - Colin J. D. Ross
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; (C.J.D.R.); (B.C.C.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bruce C. Carleton
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; (C.J.D.R.); (B.C.C.)
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V1Y 1T3, Canada
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Program, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Toine C. G. Egberts
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.C.G.E.); (V.H.M.D.)
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerarda J. M. Herder
- Meander Medical Center, Department of Pulmonology, 3813 TZ Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
| | - Vera H. M. Deneer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.C.G.E.); (V.H.M.D.)
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands or (Z.Z.); (S.J.H.V.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.M.-v.d.Z.); (G.L.); Tel.: +31-(0)20-566-8137 (A.H.M.-v.d.Z.); +416-946-4501 (ext. 3428) (G.L.)
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (D.P.); (M.M.); (K.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.H.); (J.J.K.)
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.H.M.-v.d.Z.); (G.L.); Tel.: +31-(0)20-566-8137 (A.H.M.-v.d.Z.); +416-946-4501 (ext. 3428) (G.L.)
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Fichna M, Żurawek M, Słomiński B, Sumińska M, Czarnywojtek A, Rozwadowska N, Fichna P, Myśliwiec M, Ruchała M. Polymorphism in BACH2 gene is a marker of polyglandular autoimmunity. Endocrine 2021; 74:72-79. [PMID: 33966174 PMCID: PMC8440266 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetically predisposed individuals may develop several autoimmune diseases-autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS). APS types 2-4, are complex disorders, which combine various organ-specific autoimmune conditions. Recent reports support the considerable role of the BACH2 gene in immune cell differentiation and shifting the T-cell balance towards regulatory T-cells. BACH2 polymorphisms are associated with autoimmune disorders, including Addison's disease (AD), Graves' disease (GD), and probably type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our study was aimed to investigate the BACH2 variant, rs3757247, in endocrine autoimmunity in the Polish population. METHODS The analysis comprised 346 individuals with APS, 387 with T1D only, and 568 controls. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan chemistry. RESULTS APS type 2 was found in 219 individuals, type 3 in 102, and type 4 in 25 subjects. Overall, AD was diagnosed in 244 subjects, Hashimoto's thyroiditis-in 238, T1D-in 127, GD-in 58, vitiligo and chronic gastritis each in 40 patients, celiac disease-in 28, premature menopause in 18, and alopecia in 4 patients. Minor T allele at rs3757247 was found in 56.4% APS vs. 44.1% control alleles (OR 1.59; 95%CI: 1.30-1.95, p < 0.0001). The distribution of genotypes revealed excess TT homozygotes in the APS cohort (33.2 vs. 20.1% in controls, p < 0.0001). The frequencies of rs3757247 alleles and genotypes in T1D patients did not present significant differences vs. controls (p-values > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence of the association between BACH2 polymorphism and polyglandular autoimmunity. Since carriers of rs3757247 display increased risk for additional autoimmune conditions, this variant could identify individuals prone to develop APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fichna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Żurawek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Słomiński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Sumińska
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Czarnywojtek
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Fichna
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Myśliwiec
- Department of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Huang L, Bai F, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Jin T, Wei X, Zhou X, Lin M, Xie Y, He C, Lin Q, Xie T, Ding Y. Preliminary study of genome-wide association identified novel susceptibility genes for thyroid-related hormones in Chinese population. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:1031-1038. [PMID: 34533693 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones are critical regulators of metabolism, development and growth in mammals. However, the genetic association of thyroid-related hormones in the Chinese Han population is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the genetic loci associated with circulating thyroid-related hormones concentrations in the healthy Chinese Han population. METHODS Genotyping was performed in 124 individuals using Applied Biosystems™ Axiom™ PMDA, and 796,288 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available for the GWAS analysis. For replication, eleven SNPs were selected as candidate loci for genotyping by Agena MassARRAY platform in additional samples (313 subjects). The values of p < 5 × 10- 6 suggest a suggestively significant genome-wide association with circulating thyroid-related hormones concentrations. RESULTS We identified that rs11178277 (PTPRB, p = 4.88 × 10- 07) and rs7320337 (LMO7DN-KCTD12, p = 1.22 × 10- 06) were associated with serum FT3 level. Three SNPs (rs4850041 in LOC105373394-LINC01249: p = 3.55 × 10- 06, rs6867291 in LINC02208: p = 2.40 × 10- 06 and rs79508321 in WWOX: p = 3.35 × 10- 06) were related to circulating T3 level. Rs12474167 (LOC105373394-LINC01249, p = 1.65 × 10- 06) and rs1864553 (IWS1, p = 2.00 × 10- 06) were associated with circulating T4 concentration. The association with TGA concentration was for rs17163542 in DISP1 (p = 3.46 × 10- 06) and rs12601151 in NOG-C17orf67 (p = 2.72 × 10- 07). Two genome-level significant SNPs (rs2114707 in LINC01314, p = 1.69 × 10- 06 and rs12601151, p = 1.41 × 10- 07) associated with serum TMA concentration were identified. Moreover, rs6083269 (CST1-CST2, p = 3.36 × 10- 06) was a significant locus for circulating TSH level. In replication, rs12601151 in NOG-C17orf67 was still associated with serum TGA level (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS The GWAS reported 11 new suggestively significant loci associated with circulating thyroid-related hormones levels among the Chinese Han population. These findings represented suggestively biological candidates for circulating thyroid-related hormones levels and provided new insights into the mechanisms of regulating serum TGA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Xincun Central Health Center, Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Lingshui, 572426, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Bai
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Science and Education Office, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhang
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Xi'an 21st Century Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Xi'an 21st Century Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwei Wei
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Lin
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Xie
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanyi He
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Lin
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xie
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yipeng Ding
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
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Ellervik C, Mora S, Kuś A, Åsvold B, Marouli E, Deloukas P, Sterenborg RB, Teumer A, Burgess S, Sabater-Lleal M, Huffman J, Johnson AD, Trégouet DA, Smith NL, Medici M, DeVries PS, Chasman DI, Kjaergaard AD. Effects of Thyroid Function on Hemostasis, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Thyroid 2021; 31:1305-1315. [PMID: 34210154 PMCID: PMC8558080 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Untreated hypothyroidism is associated with acquired von Willebrand syndrome, and hyperthyroidism is associated with increased thrombosis risk. However, the causal effects of thyroid function on hemostasis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis are unknown. Methods: In a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study with genome-wide association variants, we assessed causality of genetically predicted hypothyroidism (N = 134,641), normal-range thyrotropin (TSH; N = 54,288) and free thyroxine (fT4) (N = 49,269), hyperthyroidism (N = 51,823), and thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity (N = 25,821) on coagulation (activated partial thromboplastin time, von Willebrand factor [VWF], factor VIII [FVIII], prothrombin time, factor VII, fibrinogen) and fibrinolysis (D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator [TPA], plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) from the CHARGE Hemostasis Consortium (N = 2583-120,246). Inverse-variance-weighted random effects were the main MR analysis followed by sensitivity analyses. Two-sided p < 0.05 was nominally significant, and p < 0.0011[ = 0.05/(5 exposures × 9 outcomes)] was Bonferroni significant for the main MR analysis. Results: Genetically increased TSH was associated with decreased VWF [β(SE) = -0.020(0.006), p = 0.001] and with decreased fibrinogen [β(SE) = -0.008(0.002), p = 0.001]. Genetically increased fT4 was associated with increased VWF [β(SE) = 0.028(0.011), p = 0.012]. Genetically predicted hyperthyroidism was associated with increased VWF [β(SE) = 0.012(0.004), p = 0.006] and increased FVIII [β(SE) = 0.013(0.005), p = 0.007]. Genetically predicted hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were associated with decreased TPA [β(SE) = -0.009(0.024), p = 0.024] and increased TPA [β(SE) = 0.022(0.008), p = 0.008], respectively. MR sensitivity analyses showed similar direction but lower precision. Other coagulation and fibrinolytic factors were inconclusive. Conclusions: In the largest genetic studies currently available, genetically increased TSH and fT4 may be associated with decreased and increased synthesis of VWF, respectively. Since Bonferroni correction may be too conservative given the correlation between the analyzed traits, we cannot reject nominal associations of thyroid traits with coagulation or fibrinolytic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ellervik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Data and Data Support, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark
- Address correspondence to: Christina Ellervik, MD, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aleksander Kuś
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bjørn Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosalie B.T.M. Sterenborg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Genomics of Complex Diseases Group, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Huffman
- Scientific Director for Genomics Research, Center for Population Genomics, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's The Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouet
- INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas L. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kaiser Permamente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul S. DeVries
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Assessment of causal association between thyroid function and lipid metabolism: a Mendelian randomization study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1064-1069. [PMID: 33942801 PMCID: PMC8116035 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of thyroid function in lipid metabolism remains partly unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the causal association between thyroid function and serum lipid metabolism via a genetic analysis termed Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: The MR approach uses a genetic variant as the instrumental variable in epidemiological studies to mimic a randomized controlled trial. A two-sample MR was performed to assess the causal association, using summary statistics from the Atrial Fibrillation Genetics Consortium (n = 537,409) and the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (n = 188,577). The clinical measures of thyroid function include thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels, FT3:FT4 ratio and concentration of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb). The serum lipid metabolism traits include total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The MR estimate and MR inverse variance-weighted method were used to assess the association between thyroid function and serum lipid metabolism. Results: The results demonstrated that increased TSH levels were significantly associated with higher TC (β = 0.052, P = 0.002) and LDL (β = 0.041, P = 0.018) levels. In addition, the FT3:FT4 ratio was significantly associated with TC (β = 0.240, P = 0.033) and LDL (β = 0.025, P = 0.027) levels. However, no significant differences were observed between genetically predicted FT4 and TPOAb and serum lipids. Conclusion: Taken together, the results of the present study suggest an association between thyroid function and serum lipid metabolism, highlighting the importance of the pituitary-thyroid-cardiac axis in dyslipidemia susceptibility.
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Han B, Chen C, Chen Y, Wang N, Yu J, Cheng J, Chen Y, Zhu C, Lu Y. Relationship between Gene Polymorphisms and Urine Iodine Levels on Susceptibility to Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Positivity in the Chinese Population. Eur Thyroid J 2021; 10:79-85. [PMID: 33777823 PMCID: PMC7983603 DOI: 10.1159/000506701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hashimoto thyroiditis, characterized by positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs), is caused by the interaction of genetic and environment factors. The aim of this study was to clarify the interaction of gene polymorphisms and iodine intake in the incidence of TPOAb positivity. METHODS 1,733 subjects were included in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood white cells. Four SNPs (rs11675434 [TPO], rs3094228 [HCP5], rs9277555 [HLA-DPB1], and rs301799 [RERE]) were selected for genotyping. Weighted TPOAb genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on these 4 SNPs. Thyroid hormones and autoimmune antibodies (TPOAb and thyroglobulin antibody) were determined using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method. RESULTS The mean serum thyrotropin level in TPOAb-positive subjects was higher than in TPOAb-negative subjects (p < 0.01). Genotype GG of rs9277555 was associated with an increased risk of TPOAb positivity (OR = 1.64, 5-95% CI 1.09, 2.47, p = 0.02). Genotype TT of rs11675434 showed marginal increased risk of TPOAb positivity (OR = 1.57, 5-95% CI 1.01, 2.43, p = 0.048). Logistic regression analysis showed TPOAb-GRS and rs9277555 were associated with TPOAb positivity (OR = 5.09, 5-95% CI 1.30, 19.91, p = 0.02 and OR = 1.30, 5-95% CI 1.05, 1.61, p = 0.02). Subjects with a high TPOAb-GRS had a 52% increased risk of TPOAb positivity compared to subjects with a low TPOAb-GRS (OR 1.52, 5-95% CI 1.05, 2.21, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION TPOAb-GRS was associated with an increased risk of TPOAb positivity in a Chinese Han population. This effect might be attribute to rs9277555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- **Bing Han, MD, PhD, Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011 (China),
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yingli Lu
- *Yingli Lu, MD, PhD, Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011 (China),
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Zeber-Lubecka N, Hennig EE. Genetic Susceptibility to Joint Occurrence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: How Far Is Our Understanding? Front Immunol 2021; 12:606620. [PMID: 33746952 PMCID: PMC7968419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are endocrine disorders that commonly occur among young women. A higher prevalence of HT in women with PCOS, relative to healthy individuals, is observed consistently. Combined occurrence of both diseases is associated with a higher risk of severe metabolic and reproductive complications. Genetic factors strongly impact the pathogenesis of both PCOS and HT and several susceptibility loci associated with a higher risk of both disorders have been identified. Furthermore, some candidate gene polymorphisms are thought to be functionally relevant; however, few genetic variants are proposed to be causally associated with the incidence of both disorders together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa E Hennig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Kjaergaard AD, Marouli E, Papadopoulou A, Deloukas P, Kuś A, Sterenborg R, Teumer A, Burgess S, Åsvold BO, Chasman DI, Medici M, Ellervik C. Thyroid function, sex hormones and sexual function: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:335-344. [PMID: 33548002 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are observationally associated with sex hormone concentrations and sexual dysfunction, but causality is unclear. We investigated whether TSH, fT4, hypo- and hyperthyroidism are causally associated with sex hormones and sexual function. We used publicly available summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on TSH and fT4 and hypo- and hyperthyroidism from the ThyroidOmics Consortium (N ≤ 54,288). Outcomes from UK Biobank (women ≤ 194,174/men ≤ 167,020) and ReproGen (women ≤ 252,514) were sex hormones (sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], testosterone, estradiol, free androgen index [FAI]) and sexual function (ovulatory function in women: duration of menstrual period, age at menarche and menopause, reproductive lifespan, and erectile dysfunction in men). We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses on summary level, and unweighted genetic risk score (GRS) analysis on individual level data. One SD increase in TSH was associated with a 1.332 nmol/L lower (95% CI: - 0.717,- 1.946; p = 2 × 10-5) SHBG and a 0.103 nmol/l lower (- 0.051,V0.154; p = 9 × 10-5) testosterone in two-sample MR, supported by the GRS approach. Genetic predisposition to hypothyroidism was associated with decreased and genetic predisposition to hyperthyroidism with increased SHBG and testosterone in both approaches. The GRS for fT4 was associated with increased testosterone and estradiol in women only. The GRS for TSH and hypothyroidism were associated with increased and the GRS for hyperthyroidism with decreased FAI in men only. While genetically predicted thyroid function was associated with sex hormones, we found no association with sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa D Kjaergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Eirini Marouli
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Areti Papadopoulou
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleksander Kuś
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rosalie Sterenborg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Partner site Greifswald, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bjørn O Åsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Center, , NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Medici
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Chen Y, Han B, Yu J, Chen Y, Cheng J, Zhu C, Xia F, Wang N, Lu Y. Influence of Rapid Urbanization on Thyroid Autoimmune Disease in China. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:9967712. [PMID: 34122544 PMCID: PMC8189768 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9967712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), especially Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), has increased dramatically in China. Moreover, China is experiencing the largest scale of urbanization in the world. We intended to explore the relationship between rapid urbanization and HT. METHODS A total of 2946 subjects in Zhejiang Shangyu (SY) (n = 1546) and Jiangsu Nanjing (NJ) (n = 1400) were enrolled in this study. Serum TPOAb, TGAb, and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured, and ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed in all subjects. DNA was extracted from all subjects, and four SNPs were selected for genotyping. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to screen the best interaction between genetic factors and environment factors. RESULTS TPOAb and TGAb concentrations were higher in NJ than in SY (34.60 vs. 14.00 IU/ml and 21.05 vs. 7.50 IU/ml). People in NJ also had higher TPOAb and TGAb positivity rates than those in SY (7.8% vs. 12.7% and 8.7% vs. 16.3%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that rapid urbanization was an independent risk factor for TPOAb (OR = 1.473) and TGAb (OR = 1.689). Genotype TT in rs11675434 was associated with an increased risk of TPOAb positivity both in SY (OR = 2.955) and in NJ (OR = 1.819). GMDR analysis showed a two-locus model (SNP2 × urbanization) and a three-locus model (SNP2 × SNP3 × urbanization), which had testing accuracies of 56.88% and 57.25%, respectively (P values were 0.001 and 0.001). CONCLUSION Rapid urbanization influences the incidence of TPOAb and TGAb positivity. We should pay more attention to thyroid autoimmune disease in areas of China experiencing rapid urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Zhu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang R, Cai J, Xie S, Zhao C, Wang Y, Cao D, Li G. T Cell Factor 4 Is Involved in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma via Regulating Long Non-Coding RNA HCP5. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820983290. [PMID: 33371788 PMCID: PMC7780308 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820983290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The annual incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma has increased dramatically. T cell factor 4 (TCF4) is an important component of Wnt signaling pathway.However, the role of TCF4 in PTC remains unknown. In this study, TCF4 was observed to overexpress in PTC patients and cells by qRT-PCR assay. The colony formation assay, Edu staining and transwell assay indicated thatoverexpression of TCF4 promoted cell proliferation and invasion of TCP-1 cells, whereas knockdown of TCF4 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion of IHH-4 cells. To investigate the mechanism of TCF4 in PTC cells, the luciferase assay demonstrated that TCF4 could modulate HCP5 expression. Besides, GLuc-ON promoter reporter assayproved that TCF4 could bind to HCP5 promoter. Further, knockdown of HCP5 could significantly up-regulated miR-15a, miR-216a-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-203, miR-27a-3p and miR-320, and down-regulated miR-186-5p in IHH-4 cells, which might be potential downstream of TFC4/HCP5 axis. In conclusion, up-regulation TCF4 can promote HCP5 expression via binding to HCP5 promoter. It may be the first time to prove that TCF4 regulates HCP5 in PTC, which provides a novel sight for treatment of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jidong Cai
- Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shangnao Xie
- Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chunlei Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Deming Cao
- Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gang Li
- Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Ma Z, Shen Z, Gong Y, Zhou J, Chen X, Lv Q, Wang M, Chen J, Yu M, Fu G, He H, Lai D. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified underlying hub genes and mechanisms in the occurrence and development of viral myocarditis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1348. [PMID: 33313093 PMCID: PMC7723587 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocarditis is an inflammatory myocardial disease, which may lead to heart failure and sudden death. Despite extensive research into the pathogenesis of myocarditis, effective treatments for this condition remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the potential pathogenesis and hub genes for viral myocarditis. Methods A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed based on the gene expression profiles derived from mouse models at different stages of viral myocarditis (GSE35182). Functional annotation was executed within the key modules. Potential hub genes were predicted based on the intramodular connectivity (IC). Finally, potential microRNAs that regulate gene expression were predicted by miRNet analysis. Results Three gene co-expression modules showed the strongest correlation with the acute or chronic disease stage. A significant positive correlation was detected between the acute disease stage and the turquoise module, the genes of which were mainly enriched in antiviral response and immune-inflammatory activation. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation and a negative correlation were identified between the chronic disease stage and the brown and yellow modules, respectively. These modules were mainly associated with the cytoskeleton, phosphorylation, cellular catabolic process, and autophagy. Subsequently, we predicted the underlying hub genes and microRNAs in the three modules. Conclusions This study revealed the main biological processes in different stages of viral myocarditis and predicted hub genes in both the acute and chronic disease stages. Our results may be helpful for developing new therapeutic targets for viral myocarditis in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhida Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingchao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongwu Lai
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Lane LC, Kuś A, Bednarczuk T, Bossowski A, Daroszewski J, Jurecka-Lubieniecka B, Cordell HJ, Pearce SHS, Cheetham T, Mitchell AL. An Intronic HCP5 Variant Is Associated With Age of Onset and Susceptibility to Graves Disease in UK and Polish Cohorts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgaa347. [PMID: 32501499 PMCID: PMC7382372 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The genetic background of young-onset Graves disease (GD) remains largely unknown. An intronic variant in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex P5 (HCP5) has previously been associated with GD susceptibility and age of onset in a cohort of Polish patients. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association of the HCP5 variant rs3094228 with GD susceptibility and age of onset in a UK cohort and conduct a meta-analysis of UK and Polish data. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS rs3094228 was genotyped in 469 UK patients with GD using Taqman chemistry. Genotype frequencies were compared with genotypic data available from the Wellcome Trust case-control consortium using logistic regression analysis. To determine whether rs3094228 is independently associated with age of GD onset, the HLA DRB1*0301 tagging variant, rs535777, was also genotyped. RESULTS The C allele of rs3094228 was overrepresented in the UK GD cohort compared with controls (P allele=5.08 × 10-9, odds ratio 1.76; [95% confidence interval, 1.46-2.13]). This association was more marked in young-onset GD (<30 years) (P allele=1.70 × 10-10 vs P allele=0.0008). The meta-analysis of UK and Polish data supported the association of the C allele with GD susceptibility (P allele=1.79 × 10-5) and age of onset (P allele=5.63 × 10-8). Haplotype analysis demonstrated that rs3094228 is associated with age of GD onset (P = 2.39 × 10-6) independent of linkage disequilibrium with HLA DRB1*0301. CONCLUSION The rs3094228 HCP5 polymorphism is independently associated with GD susceptibility and age of onset in a UK GD cohort. Our findings indicate a potential role of long noncoding ribonucleic acids, including HCP5, in GD pathogenesis, particularly in the younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Claire Lane
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Aleksander Kuś
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bednarczuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Daroszewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Jurecka-Lubieniecka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Heather Jane Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Henry Schofield Pearce
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Timothy Cheetham
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Louise Mitchell
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Rodríguez Y, Rojas M, Monsalve DM, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Pacheco Y, Rodríguez-Jiménez M, Ramírez-Santana C, Anaya JM. Latent autoimmune thyroid disease. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 3:100038. [PMID: 32743521 PMCID: PMC7388391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies and the associated factors in euthyroid subjects. Methods 300 euthyroid subjects, chosen by stratified sampling from an inception cohort of 1335 individuals, were included. Thyroid function was evaluated by measuring the serum levels of TSH (0.3–4.5 μIU/mL) and FT4 (5.2–12.7μg/dL). Anti-peroxidase (TPOAbs), anti-thyroglobulin (TgAbs), and anti-TSH receptor (TrAbs) antibodies were evaluated with 23 additional autoantibodies as well as vitamin D (VitD) levels. The analysis included sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental characteristics. Data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate tests. Results Thyroid autoimmunity was observed in 15.3% of the subjects (TPOAbs 11.3% and TgAbs 2.0%). In six individuals, both autoantibodies were positive. TrAbs were not detected in any individual. Familial thyroid disease (β = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.2–9.5, P = 0.021), the presence of other autoimmune diseases (β = 10.8, 95% CI: 1.6–72.9, P = 0.014) VitD insufficiency (P = 0.030), never smoke (β = 6.9, 95% CI: 1.6–30.4, P = 0.010), drinking more than 4 cups of coffee (β = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.1–13.1, P = 0.036), and a higher number of years exposed to wood smoke (P = 0.04) were associated with thyroid autoimmunity. In the case of TPOAbs, familial thyroid disease (β = 4.9, 95% CI: 1.7–14.0, P = 0.003), never smoke (β = 5.7, 95% CI: 1.4–21.0, P = 0.002), and drinking more than 4 cups of coffee (β = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.1–13.1, P = 0.047) were associated with their positivity. In addition, the presence of anti–SS–A/Ro52 (β = 36.7, 95% CI: 2.5–549.9, P = 0.009) and anti-Ku antibodies (β = 10.2, 95% CI: 1.1–100.7, P = 0.046) was also associated with TPOAbs. The presence of African ancestry (β = 10.5, 95% CI: 1.7–63.2, P = 0.01), anti–SS–A/Ro52 (β = 15.8, 95% CI: 1.2–198.6, P = 0.03), and anti-CENP-B antibodies (β = 31.2, 95% CI: 1.8–565.9 P = 0.02) were associated with TgAbs. Conclusion Latent thyroid autoimmunity is not rare. Environmental, genetic, and immunological factors as well as ancestry are associated risk factors. These results would facilitate the implementation of screening strategies in order to provide timely diagnosis and treatment. Latent autoimmunity is common in colombian eutyrhoid subjects. Autoimmune diseases and familial autimmunity are associated to thyroid autoimmunity. Tobacco, cofee compsumption and VitD insufficiency influence thyroid autoimmunity. Early recognition of latent autoimmunity allows prediction of overt autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yhojan Rodríguez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.,Clinica Del Occidente, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Manuel Rojas
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.,Doctoral Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yovana Pacheco
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Mónica Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
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Zhang QY, Liu W, Li L, Du WH, Zuo CL, Ye XP, Zhou Z, Yuan FF, Ma YR, Sun F, Yu SS, Xie HJ, Zhang CR, Ying YX, Yuan GY, Gao GQ, Liang J, Zhao SX, Song HD. Genetic Study in a Large Cohort Supported Different Pathogenesis of Graves' Disease and Hashimoto's Hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5815708. [PMID: 32246145 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are the 2 main autoimmune thyroid diseases that have both similarities and differences. Determining the genetic basis that distinguishes HT from GD is key for a better understanding of the differences between these closely related diseases. OBJECTS To identify the susceptibility genes for HT in the Chinese cohort and compare susceptibility genes between GD and HT. DESIGN In the current study, 18 SNPs from 18 established GD risk loci were selected and then genotyped in 2682 patients with HT, 4980 patients with GD, and 3892 controls. The association analysis between HT and controls and heterogeneity analysis between HT and GD were performed on SPSS, with the logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex and age. RESULTS We identified 11 susceptibility loci for HT in the Chinese Han population, with 4 loci, including the rs1265883 in SLAMF6 locus, rs1024161 in CTLA4, rs1521 in HLA-B, and rs5912838 in GPR174/ ITM2A at X chromosome, reaching genome-wide significance of 5 × 10-8. Five loci were reported to be associated with HT for the first time. We also identified 6 susceptibility loci with heterogeneity between GD and HT. Out of them, 4 loci were associated with GD but not with HT, including HLA-DPB1, CD40, TSHR, and TG; the association of HLA-B with GD was stronger than that with HT, but the association of SLAMF6 was reversed. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the pathogenesis of HT and GD was different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yue Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hua Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ye
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Fei Yuan
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ru Ma
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha-Sha Yu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jun Xie
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Run Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xia Ying
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guan-Qi Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kaykhaei M, Moghadam H, Dabiri S, Salimi S, Jahantigh D, Tamandani DMK, Rasouli A, Narooie-Nejad M. Association of CTLA4 (rs4553808) and PTPN22 (rs2476601) gene polymorphisms with Hashimoto's thyroiditis disease: A case-control study and an In-silico analysis. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Kuś A, Chaker L, Teumer A, Peeters RP, Medici M. The Genetic Basis of Thyroid Function: Novel Findings and New Approaches. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5818501. [PMID: 32271924 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genetic factors are major determinants of thyroid function. Over the last two decades, multiple genetic variants have been associated with variations in normal range thyroid function tests. Most recently, a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) doubled the number of known variants associated with normal range thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This review summarizes the results of genetic association studies on normal range thyroid function and explores how these genetic variants can be used in future studies to improve our understanding of thyroid hormone regulation and disease. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Serum TSH and FT4 levels are determined by multiple genetic variants on virtually all levels of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Functional follow-up studies on top of GWAS hits has the potential to discover new key players in thyroid hormone regulation, as exemplified by the identification of the thyroid hormone transporter SLC17A4 and the metabolizing enzyme AADAT. Translational studies may use these genetic variants to investigate causal associations between thyroid function and various outcomes in Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies, to identify individuals with an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction, and to predict the individual HPT axis setpoint. CONCLUSIONS Recent genetic studies have greatly improved our understanding of the genetic basis of thyroid function, and have revealed novel pathways involved in its regulation. In addition, these findings have paved the way for various lines of research that can improve our understanding of thyroid hormone regulation and thyroid diseases, as well as the potential use of these markers in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Kuś
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Schonewille H, van de Watering LMG, Oepkes D, Lopriore E, Cobbaert CM, Brand A. Prevalence of red-blood-cell and non-red-blood-cell-targeted autoantibodies in alloimmunized postpartum women. Vox Sang 2020; 115:783-789. [PMID: 32458481 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alloantibodies against red-blood-cell (RBC) antigens often coincide with alloantibodies against leucocytes and platelets and sometimes with autoantibodies towards various antigens. Chimerism may be one of the factors responsible for the combination of allo- and autoantibodies. Women with alloantibodies against RBC antigens causing haemolytic disease of the fetus and neonate may need to receive intrauterine transfusions. These transfusions increase not only maternal antibody formation but also fetomaternal bleeding and may enhance fetal chimerism. We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for autoantibodies against some common clinical target antigens, in alloimmunized women after IUT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested for autoantibodies against RBC, anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-extractable nuclear antigens, anti-cyclic citrullinated proteins and anti-tissue transglutaminase. Women with and without autoantibodies were compared for age; number of RBC alloantibodies, pregnancies and IUTs, and other factors that may play a role in immunization. RESULTS Non-RBC-targeted autoantibodies were present in 40 of 258 tested women (15·5%, with 90% anti-TPO specificity), comparable to the prevalence reported in healthy Dutch women of these ages. Surprisingly, compared with women who had a single RBC alloantibody, a significantly higher proportion of women with multiple RBC alloantibodies had autoantibodies (5·3% and 18·4%, respectively; odds ratio 4·06, 95% CI: 1·20-13·7). Other characteristics of women with and without autoantibodies were not different. CONCLUSION Multiple RBC alloantibodies after extensive allogeneic exposure during pregnancy and presumed increased fetomaternal chimerism are not associated with (selected) autoantibodies. Lack of allo-RBC multi-responsiveness seems associated with decreased auto(-TPO) antibody formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk Schonewille
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Jon J van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin-Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leo M G van de Watering
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Jon J van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin-Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Oepkes
- Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Lopriore
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christa M Cobbaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Brand
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Martin TC, Šimurina M, Ząbczyńska M, Martinic Kavur M, Rydlewska M, Pezer M, Kozłowska K, Burri A, Vilaj M, Turek-Jabrocka R, Krnjajić-Tadijanović M, Trofimiuk-Müldner M, Ugrina I, Lityńska A, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Trbojevic-Akmacic I, Lim EM, Walsh JP, Pocheć E, Spector TD, Wilson SG, Lauc G. Decreased Immunoglobulin G Core Fucosylation, A Player in Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity, is Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:774-792. [PMID: 32024769 PMCID: PMC7196582 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the most common group of autoimmune diseases, associated with lymphocyte infiltration and the production of thyroid autoantibodies, like thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), in the thyroid gland. Immunoglobulins and cell-surface receptors are glycoproteins with distinctive glycosylation patterns that play a structural role in maintaining and modulating their functions. We investigated associations of total circulating IgG and peripheral blood mononuclear cells glycosylation with AITD and the influence of genetic background in a case-control study with several independent cohorts and over 3,000 individuals in total. The study revealed an inverse association of IgG core fucosylation with TPOAb and AITD, as well as decreased peripheral blood mononuclear cells antennary α1,2 fucosylation in AITD, but no shared genetic variance between AITD and glycosylation. These data suggest that the decreased level of IgG core fucosylation is a risk factor for AITD that promotes antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity previously associated with TPOAb levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine C Martin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mirna Šimurina
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marta Ząbczyńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Rydlewska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marija Pezer
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kamila Kozłowska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrea Burri
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Waitemata Pain Service, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marija Vilaj
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Turek-Jabrocka
- Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner
- Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ivo Ugrina
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anna Lityńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
- Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Ee Mun Lim
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Xie J, Jiang L, Sadhukhan A, Yang S, Yao Q, Zhou P, Rao J, Jin M. Effect of antithyroid antibodies on women with recurrent miscarriage: A meta-analysis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 83:e13238. [PMID: 32198952 PMCID: PMC7317526 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Problem The effect of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) on the prevalence of recurrent miscarriage (RM) is highly debatable. No meta‐analysis has been published in the past decade to investigate the impact of TAI on women with RM. Method of Study Systemic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. English language literatures published between 1993 and 2019 were selected. We assessed the relationship between the prevalence of RM and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO‐Ab) or antithyroid antibodies (ATA) and evaluated the thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level in TPO‐Ab‐positive women with RM. We also observed the treatment effect with levothyroxine (LT4) for RM. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to obtain the pooled odds ratios (OR). Results Analysis of 22 eligible studies revealed significant association between TPO‐Ab and the prevalence of RM (OR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.38 to 2.49; P < .001)(n ≥ 3), (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.92; P = .01) (n ≥ 3). Women with ATA + had higher risk of RM (OR = 2.36; 95% CI, 1.71 to 3.25; P < .00001)(n ≥ 3), (OR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.70 to 3.22; P < .00001)(n ≥ 2). RM women with TPO‐Ab had higher TSH level when compared with those negative for TPO‐Ab (random‐effect SMD = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.90; P < .0001). We also found beneficial effects of LT4 supplementation on the outcome of live birth rate (LBR) among pregnant women with TPO‐Ab (OR = 3.04; 95% CI, 0.69 to 13.36; P = .14). Conclusion The presence of serum antithyroid antibodies does harms to women and can even lead to recurrent miscarriage; LT4 treatment may have beneficial to RM women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Xie
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Annapurna Sadhukhan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songqing Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuping Yao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinpeng Rao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Jin
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dieter C, Lemos NE, Dorfman LE, Duarte GCK, Assmann TS, Crispim D. The rs11755527 polymorphism in the BACH2 gene and type 1 diabetes mellitus: case control study in a Brazilian population. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:138-143. [PMID: 32236312 PMCID: PMC10118942 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder caused by a complex interaction between environmental and genetic risk factors. BTB domain and CNC homolog 2 (BACH2) gene encodes a transcription factor that acts on the differentiation and formation of B and T lymphocytes. BACH2 is also involved in the suppression of apoptosis and inflammation in pancreatic beta-cells, indicating a role for it in the development of T1DM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the BACH2 rs11755527 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with T1DM. Subjects and methods This case-control study comprised 475 patients with T1DM and 598 nondiabetic individuals. The BACH2 rs11755527 (C/G) SNP was genotyped using real-time PCR with TaqMan MGB probes. Results Genotype distributions of rs11755527 SNP were in accordance with frequencies predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in case and control groups and were similar between groups (P = 0.729). The minor allele frequency was 43.6% in cases and 42.5% in controls (P = 0.604). Moreover, the G allele frequency did not differ between groups when considering different inheritance models and adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and HLA DR/DQ genotypes of high-risk for T1DM. Although, well-known high-risk T1DM HLA DR/DQ genotypes were associated with T1DM in our population [OR= 7.42 (95% CI 3.34 - 17.0)], this association was not influenced by the rs11755527 SNP. Conclusion The BACH2 rs11755527 SNP seems not to be associated with T1DM in a Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Dieter
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Natália Emerim Lemos
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Taís Silveira Assmann
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Martin TC, Ilieva KM, Visconti A, Beaumont M, Kiddle SJ, Dobson RJB, Mangino M, Lim EM, Pezer M, Steves CJ, Bell JT, Wilson SG, Lauc G, Roederer M, Walsh JP, Spector TD, Karagiannis SN. Dysregulated Antibody, Natural Killer Cell and Immune Mediator Profiles in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E665. [PMID: 32182948 PMCID: PMC7140647 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) is poorly understood and the association between different immune features and the germline variants involved in AITD are yet unclear. We previously observed systemic depletion of IgG core fucosylation and antennary α1,2 fucosylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in AITD, correlated with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels. Fucose depletion is known to potentiate strong antibody-mediated NK cell activation and enhanced target antigen-expressing cell killing. In autoimmunity, this may translate to autoantibody-mediated immune cell recruitment and attack of self-antigen expressing normal tissues. Hence, we investigated the crosstalk between immune cell traits, secreted proteins, genetic variants and the glycosylation patterns of serum IgG, in a multi-omic and cross-sectional study of 622 individuals from the TwinsUK cohort, 172 of whom were diagnosed with AITD. We observed associations between two genetic variants (rs505922 and rs687621), AITD status, the secretion of Desmoglein-2 protein, and the profile of two IgG N-glycan traits in AITD, but further studies need to be performed to better understand their crosstalk in AITD. On the other side, enhanced afucosylated IgG was positively associated with activatory CD335- CD314+ CD158b+ NK cell subsets. Increased levels of the apoptosis and inflammation markers Caspase-2 and Interleukin-1α positively associated with AITD. Two genetic variants associated with AITD, rs1521 and rs3094228, were also associated with altered expression of the thyrocyte-expressed ligands known to recognize the NK cell immunoreceptors CD314 and CD158b. Our analyses reveal a combination of heightened Fc-active IgG antibodies, effector cells, cytokines and apoptotic signals in AITD, and AITD genetic variants associated with altered expression of thyrocyte-expressed ligands to NK cell immunoreceptors. Together, TPOAb responses, dysregulated immune features, germline variants associated with immunoactivity profiles, are consistent with a positive autoreactive antibody-dependent NK cell-mediated immune response likely drawn to the thyroid gland in AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine C. Martin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.T.B.); (S.G.W.); (T.D.S.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kristina M. Ilieva
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (K.M.I.); (S.N.K.)
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.T.B.); (S.G.W.); (T.D.S.)
| | - Michelle Beaumont
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.T.B.); (S.G.W.); (T.D.S.)
| | - Steven J. Kiddle
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 8AF, UK; (S.J.K.); (R.J.B.D.)
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Richard J. B. Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 8AF, UK; (S.J.K.); (R.J.B.D.)
- Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), London Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.T.B.); (S.G.W.); (T.D.S.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ee Mun Lim
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (E.M.L.); (J.P.W.)
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Marija Pezer
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Claire J. Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.T.B.); (S.G.W.); (T.D.S.)
| | - Jordana T. Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.T.B.); (S.G.W.); (T.D.S.)
| | - Scott G. Wilson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.T.B.); (S.G.W.); (T.D.S.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (E.M.L.); (J.P.W.)
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (G.L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - John P. Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (E.M.L.); (J.P.W.)
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.T.B.); (S.G.W.); (T.D.S.)
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (K.M.I.); (S.N.K.)
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Abstract
Background: Uncertainty in the mechanism and directionality of observational associations between thyroid function and kidney function may be addressed by genetic analysis with an instrumental variable method termed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: In the Women's Genome Health Study (WGHS), observational associations between thyroid measures and kidney function were evaluated. Genetic instruments for MR were from recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of hypothyroidism, thyrotropin (TSH), and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations within the reference range, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), estimated glomerular filtration rate from creatinine (eGFRcrea), eGFR from cystatin C (eGFRcys), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In WGHS individual-level data, these instruments were used for bidirectional MR between thyroid (N = 3336) and kidney (N = 23,186) functions. To increase power, MR was also performed using GWAS summary statistics from the Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics Consortium (CKDGen) for eGFRcrea (N = 567,460), eGFRcys (N = 24,063), CKD [N(total) = 480,698, N(cases) = 41,395], and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR/N = 54,450). Results: In the WGHS, hypothyroidism was observationally associated with decreased eGFRcrea [beta (standard error, SE): -0.024 (0.009) ln(mL/min/1.73 m2), p = 0.01]. By MR, hypothyroidism was associated with decreased eGFRcrea in the WGHS [beta (SE): -0.007 (0.002) per doubled odds hypothyroidism, p = 1.7 × 10-3] and in CKDGen [beta (SE): -0.004 (0.0005), p = 2.0 × 10-22], and robust to sensitivity analysis. Hypothyroidism was also associated by MR with increased CKD in CKDGen (odds ratio, OR [confidence interval, CI]: 1.05 [1.03-1.08], p = 3.3 × 10-5), but not in the WGHS (OR [CI]: 1.02 [0.95-1.10], p = 0.57). Increased TSH within the reference range had an MR association with increased eGFRcrea in the WGHS [beta (SE): -0.018 (0.007) ln(mL/min/1.73 m2)/standard deviation, SD, p = 6.5 × 10-3] and CKDGen [beta (SE): -0.008 (0.001) ln(mL/min/1.73 m2)/SD, p = 6.8 × 10-17], and with CKD in CKDGen (OR [CI]: 1.10 [1.04-1.15], p = 3.1 × 10-4). There were no MR associations of hypothyroidism or TSH with eGFRcys or UACR, and MR associations of fT4 in the reference range with kidney function were inconsistent in both the WGHS and CKDGen. However, by MR in CKDGen, TPOAb were robustly associated with decreased eGFRcrea [beta (SE): -0.041 (0.009), p = 6.2 × 10-6] and decreased eGFRcys [beta (SE): -0.294 (0.065), p = 6.2 × 10-6]. TPOAb were less robustly associated with CKD but not associated with UACR. In reverse MR in the WGHS, kidney function was not consistently associated with thyroid function. Conclusions: Bidirectional MR supports a directional association from hypothyroidism, increased TSH, and TPOAb, but not fT4, to decreased eGFRcrea and increased CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ellervik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Christina Ellervik, MD, PhD, DMSci, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 ;
| | - Samia Mora
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Address correspondence to: Daniel I. Chasman, PhD, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
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