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Yang S, Wang X, Huan R, Deng M, Kong Z, Xiong Y, Luo T, Jin Z, Liu J, Chu L, Han G, Zhang J, Tan Y. Machine learning unveils immune-related signature in multicenter glioma studies. iScience 2024; 27:109317. [PMID: 38500821 PMCID: PMC10946333 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In glioma molecular subtyping, existing biomarkers are limited, prompting the development of new ones. We present a multicenter study-derived consensus immune-related and prognostic gene signature (CIPS) using an optimal risk score model and 101 algorithms. CIPS, an independent risk factor, showed stable and powerful predictive performance for overall and progression-free survival, surpassing traditional clinical variables. The risk score correlated significantly with the immune microenvironment, indicating potential sensitivity to immunotherapy. High-risk groups exhibited distinct chemotherapy drug sensitivity. Seven signature genes, including IGFBP2 and TNFRSF12A, were validated by qRT-PCR, with higher expression in tumors and prognostic relevance. TNFRSF12A, upregulated in GBM, demonstrated inhibitory effects on glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CIPS emerges as a robust tool for enhancing individual glioma patient outcomes, while IGFBP2 and TNFRSF12A pose as promising tumor markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Renzheng Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhuo Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunbiao Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Liangzhao Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Guoqiang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiqin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Yogev Y, Schaffer M, Shlapobersky M, Jean MM, Wormser O, Drabkin M, Halperin D, Kassem R, Livoff A, Tsitrina AA, Asna N, Birk OS. A role of BPTF in viral oncogenicity delineated through studies of heritable Kaposi sarcoma. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29436. [PMID: 38380509 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS), caused by Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8; KSHV), shows sporadic, endemic, and epidemic forms. While familial clustering of KS was previously recorded, the molecular basis of hereditary predilection to KS remains largely unknown. We demonstrate through genetic studies that a dominantly inherited missense mutation in BPTF segregates with a phenotype of classical KS in multiple immunocompetent individuals in two families. Using an rKSHV.219-infected CRISPR/cas9-model, we show that BPTFI2012T mutant cells exhibit higher latent-to-lytic ratio, decreased virion production, increased LANA staining, and latent phenotype in viral transcriptomics. RNA-sequencing demonstrated that KSHV infection dysregulated oncogenic-like response and P53 pathways, MAPK cascade, and blood vessel development pathways, consistent with KS. BPTFI2012T also enriched pathways of viral genome regulation and replication, immune response, and chemotaxis, including downregulation of IFI16, SHFL HLAs, TGFB1, and HSPA5, all previously associated with KSHV infection and tumorigenesis. Many of the differentially expressed genes are regulated by Rel-NF-κB, which regulates immune processes, cell survival, and proliferation and is pivotal to oncogenesis. We thus demonstrate BPTF mutation-mediated monogenic hereditary predilection of KSHV virus-induced oncogenesis, and suggest BPTF as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Yogev
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Moshe Schaffer
- Department of Oncology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Mark Shlapobersky
- Department of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Matan M Jean
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad Wormser
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Max Drabkin
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Halperin
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Riad Kassem
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alejandro Livoff
- Department of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Galilee Medical Center, and The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Alexandra A Tsitrina
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Noam Asna
- Department of Oncology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Genetics Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Palmer MA, Dias IHK, Smart E, Benatzy Y, Haslam IS. Cholesterol homeostasis in hair follicle keratinocytes is disrupted by impaired ABCA5 activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159361. [PMID: 37348644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The importance of cholesterol in hair follicle biology is underscored by its links to the pathogenesis of alopecias and hair growth disorders. Reports have associated defects in ABCA5, a membrane transporter, with altered keratinocyte cholesterol distribution in individuals with a form of congenital hypertrichosis, yet the biological basis for this defect in hair growth remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the impact of altered ABCA5 activity on hair follicle keratinocyte behaviour. Primary keratinocytes isolated from the outer root sheath of plucked human hair follicles were utilised as a relevant cell model. Following exogenous cholesterol loading, an increase in ABCA5 co-localisation to intracellular organelles was seen. Knockdown of ABCA5 revealed a dysregulation in cholesterol homeostasis, with LXR agonism leading to partial restoration of the homeostatic response. Filipin staining and live BODIPY cholesterol immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a reduction in endo-lysosomal cholesterol following ABCA5 knockdown. Analysis of oxysterols showed a significant increase in the fold change of 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7-β-hydroxycholesterol following cholesterol loading in ORS keratinocytes, after ABCA5 knockdown. These data suggest a role for ABCA5 in the intracellular compartmentalisation of free cholesterol in primary hair follicle keratinocytes. The loss of normal homeostatic response, following the delivery of excess cholesterol after ABCA5 knockdown, suggests an impact on LXR-mediated transcriptional activity. The loss of ABCA5 in the hair follicle could lead to impaired endo-lysosomal cholesterol transport, impacting pathways known to influence hair growth. This avenue warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Palmer
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Eleanor Smart
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Yvonne Benatzy
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Iain S Haslam
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
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Gul R, Firasat S, Schubert M, Ullah A, Peña E, Thuesen ACB, Hussain M, Staeger FF, Gjesing AP, Albrechtsen A, Hansen T. Identifying the genetic causes of phenotypically diagnosed Pakistani mucopolysaccharidoses patients by whole genome sequencing. Front Genet 2023; 14:1128850. [PMID: 37091798 PMCID: PMC10113632 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1128850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic diseases, which encompass more than 50 different subtypes of pathologies. These disorders are caused by defects in lysosomal enzymes, transporters, and other non-lysosomal proteins. Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is the most common subgroup of lysosomal storage disorders in which the body is unable to properly breakdown mucopolysaccharides. The aim of the present study was to identify novel genes and pathogenic variants in families from diverse regions of Pakistan with clinically diagnosed mucopolysaccharidosis type I and mucopolysaccharidosis type II.Methods: Clinical diagnosis identified 12 with mucopolysaccharidosis I and 2 with mucopolysaccharidosis II in 14 families and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to identify the causative variations in 15 affected individuals. Twenty-two unaffected individuals including parents or normal siblings of patients were also sequenced. Putative causal variants were identified by co-segregation and functional annotation.Results: Analysis of whole genome sequencing data revealed ten novel and six previously reported variants in lysosomal storage disorders-associated genes (IDUA, GALNS, SGSH, GAA, IDS, ALDOB, TRAPPC4, MASP1, SMARCAL, KIAA1109, HERC1, RRAS2) and a novel candidate gene (ABCA5) for lysosomal storage disorder-like phenotypes, which has previously been associated with symptoms strongly related with lysosomal storage disorder in animal models.Conclusion: Multigenic inheritance was found in several families highlighting the importance of searching for homozygous pathogenic variants in several genes also in families with a high degree of consanguinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutaba Gul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabika Firasat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Sabika Firasat, ; Torben Hansen,
| | - Mikkel Schubert
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elionora Peña
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne C. B. Thuesen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mulazim Hussain
- The Children Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Frederik F. Staeger
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette P. Gjesing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Albrechtsen
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Sabika Firasat, ; Torben Hansen,
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Proteomic and Bioinformatic Tools to Identify Potential Hub Proteins in the Audiogenic Seizure-Prone Hamster GASH/Sal. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061048. [PMID: 36980356 PMCID: PMC10047193 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The GASH/Sal (Genetic Audiogenic Seizure Hamster, Salamanca) is a model of audiogenic seizures with the epileptogenic focus localized in the inferior colliculus (IC). The sound-induced seizures exhibit a short latency (7–9 s), which implies innate protein disturbances in the IC as a basis for seizure susceptibility and generation. Here, we aim to study the protein profile in the GASH/Sal IC in comparison to controls. Protein samples from the IC were processed for enzymatic digestion and then analyzed by mass spectrometry in Data-Independent Acquisition mode. After identifying the proteins using the UniProt database, we selected those with differential expression and performed ontological analyses, as well as gene-protein interaction studies using bioinformatics tools. We identified 5254 proteins; among them, 184 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 126 upregulated and 58 downregulated proteins, and 10 of the DEPs directly related to epilepsy. Moreover, 12 and 7 proteins were uniquely found in the GASH/Sal or the control. The results indicated a protein profile alteration in the epileptogenic nucleus that might underlie the inborn occurring audiogenic seizures in the GASH/Sal model. In summary, this study supports the use of bioinformatics methods in proteomics to delve into the relationship between molecular-level protein mechanisms and the pathobiology of rodent models of audiogenic seizures.
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Hu L, Kimura S, Haga M, Kashiwagi S, Takagi K, Shimizu T, Ishii T, Ohyama M. Vitamins and Their Derivatives Synergistically Promote Hair Shaft Elongation ex vivo via PlGF/VEGFR-1 Signalling Activation. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 108:2-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Identification of ABCA5 among ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Family as a New Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3399311. [PMID: 35783152 PMCID: PMC9242773 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3399311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The increasing incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) urgently requires updated biomarkers. The ABC transporter family is a widespread family of membrane-bound proteins involved in the transportation of substrates associated with ATP hydrolysis, including metabolites, amino acids, peptides and proteins, sterols and lipids, organic and inorganic ions, sugars, metals, and drugs. They play an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis in the body. Purpose This study aims to search for new markers in the ABC transporter gene family for diagnostic and prognostic purposes through data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) datasets. Methods A total of 980 samples, including 684 CRC patients and 296 controls from five different datasets, were included for analysis. The construction of the PPI (protein-protein interaction) network and pathway analysis were performed in STRING database and DAVID (database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery), respectively. In addition, GSEA (gene set enrichment analysis) and WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) were also used for functional analysis. Results After several rounds of screening and validation, only the ABCB5 gene was retained among the 49 genes. Conclusions The results demonstrated that ABCA5 expression is reduced in CRC and patients with high ABCA5 expression have better OS, which can provide guidance for better management and treatment of CRC in the future.
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Raza R, Ullah A, Haider N, Krishin J, Shah M, Khan FU, Abdullah, Hansen T, Raza SI, Ahmad W, Basit S. Exome sequencing reveals the first intragenic deletion in ABCA5 underlying autosomal recessive hypertrichosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2022; 47:1137-1143. [PMID: 35150007 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary hypertrichosis (HH) is characterized by excessive hair growth on various body areas, which is independent of the individual's age. This rare hair disorder has been classified by its origin (genetic or acquired), age of onset, breadth of hair distribution (universal or localized) and the affected body areas. HH is often linked to several additional congenital abnormalities involving teeth, heart and bones. Human HH is associated with heterozygous genomic duplications and deletions in the chromosomal region 17q24.2-q24.3, containing genes such as ABCA5, ABCA6, ABCA10 and MAP2K6. Recently, a homozygous splice-site variant in ABCA5 has been reported to cause autosomal recessive congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis (CGHT; OMIM 135400). AIM To investigate the clinical and genetic basis of autosomal recessive hypertrichosis in a large consanguineous Pakistani family. METHODS In the present study, we characterized a family of Pakistani origin segregating CGHT in an autosomal recessive pattern, using whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We identified a novel 2-bp intragenic deletion [NM_172232.4(ABCA5);c.977_978delAT] causing a frameshift variant (p.His326ArgfsTer5) in ABCA5. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first intragenic deletion in ABCA5 underlying CGHT. The findings further validate the involvement of ABCA5 in hair development. The study will facilitate genetic counselling of families carrying CGHT-related features in Pakistani and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubab Raza
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Nighat Haider
- Department of Pediatrics Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Jai Krishin
- Department of Pediatrics Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muqadar Shah
- Department of Pediatrics Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fati Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan.,HBS Medical and Dental College Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia
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Bossaerts L, Cacace R, Van Broeckhoven C. The role of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:31. [PMID: 35477481 PMCID: PMC9044696 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, clinically characterized by memory deficits and progressive cognitive decline. Despite decades of research effective therapies are lacking, and a large part of the genetic heritability remains unidentified. ABCA7 and ABCA1, members of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A (ABCA), were identified as AD risk genes in genome-wide association studies. Nevertheless, genetic and/or functional studies propose a link between AD and two other members of the ABCA subclass, i.e., ABCA2 and ABCA5. Main body Changes in expression or dysfunction of these transporters were found to increase amyloid β levels. This might be related to the common role of ABCA transporters in cellular cholesterol homeostasis, for which a prominent role in AD development has been suggested. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion on the contribution of the ABCA subfamily to the etiopathogenesis of AD. Conclusions A better understanding of the function and identification of disease-associated genetic variants in ABCA transporters can contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liene Bossaerts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rita Cacace
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Molday RS, Garces FA, Scortecci JF, Molday LL. Structure and function of ABCA4 and its role in the visual cycle and Stargardt macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101036. [PMID: 34954332 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABCA4 is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that is preferentially localized along the rim region of rod and cone photoreceptor outer segment disc membranes. It uses the energy from ATP binding and hydrolysis to transport N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine (N-Ret-PE), the Schiff base adduct of retinal and phosphatidylethanolamine, from the lumen to the cytoplasmic leaflet of disc membranes. This ensures that all-trans-retinal and excess 11-cis-retinal are efficiently cleared from photoreceptor cells thereby preventing the accumulation of toxic retinoid compounds. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding ABCA4 cause autosomal recessive Stargardt macular degeneration, also known as Stargardt disease (STGD1), and related autosomal recessive retinopathies characterized by impaired central vision and an accumulation of lipofuscin and bis-retinoid compounds. High resolution structures of ABCA4 in its substrate and nucleotide free state and containing bound N-Ret-PE or ATP have been determined by cryo-electron microscopy providing insight into the molecular architecture of ABCA4 and mechanisms underlying substrate recognition and conformational changes induced by ATP binding. The expression and functional characterization of a large number of disease-causing missense ABCA4 variants have been determined. These studies have shed light into the molecular mechanisms underlying Stargardt disease and a classification that reliably predicts the effect of a specific missense mutation on the severity of the disease. They also provide a framework for developing rational therapeutic treatments for ABCA4-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Molday
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
| | - Fabian A Garces
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | | | - Laurie L Molday
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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11
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Hayashi R, Shimomura Y. Update of recent findings in genetic hair disorders. J Dermatol 2021; 49:55-67. [PMID: 34676598 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic hair disorders, although unusual, are not very rare, and dermatologists often have opportunities to see patients. Significant advances in molecular genetics have led to identifying many causative genes for genetic hair disorders, including the recently identified causative genes, such as LSS and C3ORF52. Many patients have been detected with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis in the Japanese population caused by founder mutations in the LIPH gene. Additionally, many patients with genetic hair disorders caused by other genes have been reported in East Asia including Japan. Understanding genetic hair disorders is essential for dermatologists, and the findings obtained from analyzing these diseases will contribute to revealing the mechanisms of hair follicle morphogenesis and development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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12
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Mo R, Xu Z, Wang H, Yan W, Jiang X, Lin Z. Narrowing the Genomic Region of Autosomal-Dominant Congenital Generalized Hypertrichosis Terminalis. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 157:733-735. [PMID: 33881458 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.0748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mo
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xingyuan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
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13
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Zhang X, Zhao H, Sheng Q, Liu X, You W, Lin H, Liu G. Regulation of microRNA-33, SREBP and ABCA1 genes in a mouse model of high cholesterol. Arch Anim Breed 2021; 64:103-108. [PMID: 34084908 PMCID: PMC8160998 DOI: 10.5194/aab-64-103-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Several microRNAs, useful for coronary artery disease assessment, have previously been identified. MicroRNA-33 is located within SREBP introns and controls cholesterol homeostasis. In order to find the possibility of microRNA-33 as a potential biomarker in high cholesterol disease, we developed a mouse model for coronary heart disease by feeding mice with a high-fat diet. The expression differences of microRNA-33, SREBP and ABCA1 genes in the liver, muscle, and lipid tissues were compared between a high-cholesterol group and control group in mice. The results showed that ABCA1 was up-regulated by high cholesterol conditions in liver, muscle and lipid tissues. SREBP1C was up-regulated by high cholesterol conditions in the liver and lipid tissues and down-regulated by high cholesterol conditions in the muscle tissue. MicroRNA-33 and SREBP2 were down-regulated by high cholesterol conditions in the liver and muscle tissues and up-regulated by high cholesterol conditions in the lipid tissue. Our study suggests that antisense therapeutic targeting of microRNA-33 may be a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Qingkai Sheng
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomu Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Wei You
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Haichao Lin
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Guifen Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
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14
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Localisation and regulation of cholesterol transporters in the human hair follicle: mapping changes across the hair cycle. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:529-545. [PMID: 33404706 PMCID: PMC8134313 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair biology, with dysregulated homeostasis implicated in several disorders of hair growth and cycling. Cholesterol transport proteins play a vital role in the control of cellular cholesterol levels and compartmentalisation. This research aimed to determine the cellular localisation, transport capability and regulatory control of cholesterol transport proteins across the hair cycle. Immunofluorescence microscopy in human hair follicle sections revealed differential expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters across the hair cycle. Cholesterol transporter expression (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCA5 and SCARB1) reduced as hair follicles transitioned from growth to regression. Staining for free cholesterol (filipin) revealed prominent cholesterol striations within the basement membrane of the hair bulb. Liver X receptor agonism demonstrated active regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not ABCA5 or SCARB1 in human hair follicles and primary keratinocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of human hair follicles for cholesterol transport and trafficking. Future studies examining the role of cholesterol transport across the hair cycle may shed light on the role of lipid homeostasis in human hair disorders.
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15
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Aguayo‐Orozco TA, Ríos‐González BE, Castro‐Martínez AG, Ruiz‐Ramírez AV, Figuera LE. Generalized hypertrichosis syndromes in Mexico. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:1014-1022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thania Alejandra Aguayo‐Orozco
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
| | | | | | - Andrea Virginia Ruiz‐Ramírez
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
| | - Luis E. Figuera
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
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16
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Family-Based Whole Genome Sequencing Identified Novel Variants in ABCA5 Gene in a Patient with Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia. Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41:1783-1794. [PMID: 32939586 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (IVT) is the major cause of sudden cardiac death. Patients with IVT were usually manifested without structural heart disease. In this present study, we performed family-based whole genome sequencing (WGS) and Sanger sequencing for a 5-year-old Chinese boy with IVT and all the unaffected family members in order to identify the candidate gene and disease-causing mutation underlying the disease phenotype. Results showed that a novel heterozygous single-nucleotide duplication (c.128dup) and a novel heterozygous missense (c.3328A > G) variant in ABCA5 gene were identified in the proband. The single-nucleotide duplication (c.128dupT), inherited from his father and patrilineal grandfather, leads to a frameshift which results into the formation of a truncated ABCA5 protein of 50 (p.Leu43Phefs*8) amino acids. Hence, it is a loss-of-function mutation. The missense (c.3328A > G) variant, inherited from his mother, leads to the replacement of isoleucine by valine at the position of 1110 (p.Ile1110Val) of the ABCA5 protein. Multiple sequence alignment showed that p.Ile1110 is evolutionarily conserved among several species indicating both the structural and functional significance of the p.Ile1110 residue in the wild-type ABCA5 protein. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the ABCA5 mRNA expression levels were decreased in the proband. These two novel variants of ABCA5 gene were co-segregated well among all the members of this family. Our present study also strongly supports the importance of using family-based whole genome sequencing for identifying novel candidate genes associated with IVT.
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17
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Szakacs G, Abele R. An inventory of lysosomal ABC transporters. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3965-3985. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Szakacs
- Institute of Enzymology Research Centre of Natural Sciences Eötvös Loránd Research Network Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Cancer Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Rupert Abele
- Institute of Biochemistry Goethe‐University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
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18
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Ethnogeographic and inter-individual variability of human ABC transporters. Hum Genet 2020; 139:623-646. [PMID: 32206879 PMCID: PMC7170817 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a superfamily of 48 structurally similar membrane transporters that mediate the ATP-dependent cellular export of a plethora of endogenous and xenobiotic substances. Importantly, genetic variants in ABC genes that affect gene function have clinically important effects on drug disposition and can be predictors of the risk of adverse drug reactions and efficacy of chemotherapeutics, calcium channel blockers, and protease inhibitors. Furthermore, loss-of-function of ABC transporters is associated with a variety of congenital disorders. Despite their clinical importance, information about the frequencies and global distribution of functionally relevant ABC variants is limited and little is known about the overall genetic complexity of this important gene family. Here, we systematically mapped the genetic landscape of the entire human ABC superfamily using Next-Generation Sequencing data from 138,632 individuals across seven major populations. Overall, we identified 62,793 exonic variants, 98.5% of which were rare. By integrating five computational prediction algorithms with structural mapping approaches using experimentally determined crystal structures, we found that the functional ABC variability is extensive and highly population-specific. Every individual harbored between 9.3 and 13.9 deleterious ABC variants, 76% of which were found only in a single population. Carrier rates of pathogenic variants in ABC transporter genes associated with autosomal recessive congenital diseases, such as cystic fibrosis or pseudoxanthoma elasticum, closely mirrored the corresponding population-specific disease prevalence, thus providing a novel resource for rare disease epidemiology. Combined, we provide the most comprehensive, systematic, and consolidated overview of ethnogeographic ABC transporter variability with important implications for personalized medicine, clinical genetics, and precision public health.
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19
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Jha NK, Kar R, Niranjan R. ABC Transporters in Neurological Disorders: An Important Gateway for Botanical Compounds Mediated Neuro-Therapeutics. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:795-811. [PMID: 30977450 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190412121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a distinguishing feature of many age related disorders and other vector borne neuroinflammatory diseases. There are a number of factors that can modulate the pathology of these disorders. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are primarily involved in the maintenance of normal brain homeostasis by eliminating toxic peptides and compounds from the brain. Also, ABC transporters protect the brain from the unwanted effects of endogenous and exogenous toxins that can enter the brain parenchyma. Therefore, these transporters have the ability to determine the pathological outcomes of several neurological disorders. For instance, ABC transporters like P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), and BCRP (ABCG2) have been reported to facilitate the clearance of peptides such as amyloid-β (Aβ) that accumulate in the brain during Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Other members such as ABCA1, ABCA2, ABCC8, ABCC9, ABCG1 and ABCG4 also have been reported to be involved in the progression of various brain disorders such as HIV-associated dementia, Multiple sclerosis (MS), Ischemic stroke, Japanese encephalitis (JE) and Epilepsy. However, these defective transporters can be targeted by numerous botanical compounds such as Verapamil, Berberine and Fascalpsyn as a therapeutic target to treat these neurological outcomes. These compounds are already reported to modulate ABC transporter activity in the CNS. Nonetheless, the exact mechanisms involving the ABC transporters role in normal brain functioning, their role in neuronal dysfunction and how these botanical compounds ensure and facilitate their therapeutic action in association with defective transporters still remain elusive. This review therefore, summarizes the role of ABC transporters in neurological disorders, with a special emphasis on its role in AD brains. The prospect of using botanical/natural compounds as modulators of ABC transporters in neurological disorders is discussed in the latter half of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology (NIET), Greater Noida, India
| | - Rohan Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology (NIET), Greater Noida, India
| | - Rituraj Niranjan
- Unit of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry-605006, India
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20
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Palmer MA, Blakeborough L, Harries M, Haslam IS. Cholesterol homeostasis: Links to hair follicle biology and hair disorders. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:299-311. [PMID: 31260136 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and lipid metabolism are critical factors in hair follicle (HF) biology, and cholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair growth. Altered cholesterol homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis of primary cicatricial alopecia, mutations in a cholesterol transporter are associated with congenital hypertrichosis, and dyslipidaemia has been linked to androgenic alopecia. The underlying molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol influences pathways involved in proliferation and differentiation within HF cell populations remain largely unknown. As such, expanding our knowledge of the role for cholesterol in regulating these processes is likely to provide new leads in the development of treatments for disorders of hair growth and cycling. This review describes the current state of knowledge with respect to cholesterol homeostasis in the HF along with known and putative links to hair pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Palmer
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Liam Blakeborough
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Matthew Harries
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Iain S Haslam
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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21
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Bi-allelic Mutations in LSS, Encoding Lanosterol Synthase, Cause Autosomal-Recessive Hypotrichosis Simplex. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:777-785. [PMID: 30401459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypotrichosis simplex (HS) is a rare form of hereditary alopecia characterized by childhood onset of diffuse and progressive scalp and body hair loss. Although research has identified a number of causal genes, genetic etiology in about 50% of HS cases remains unknown. The present report describes the identification via whole-exome sequencing of five different mutations in the gene LSS in three unrelated families with unexplained, potentially autosomal-recessive HS. Affected individuals showed sparse to absent lanugo-like scalp hair, sparse and brittle eyebrows, and sparse eyelashes and body hair. LSS encodes lanosterol synthase (LSS), which is a key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. This pathway plays an important role in hair follicle biology. After localizing LSS protein expression in the hair shaft and bulb of the hair follicle, the impact of the mutations on keratinocytes was analyzed using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Interestingly, wild-type LSS was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas mutant LSS proteins were localized in part outside of the ER. A plausible hypothesis is that this mislocalization has potential deleterious implications for hair follicle cells. Immunoblotting revealed no differences in the overall level of wild-type and mutant protein. Analyses of blood cholesterol levels revealed no decrease in cholesterol or cholesterol intermediates, thus supporting the previously proposed hypothesis of an alternative cholesterol pathway. The identification of LSS as causal gene for autosomal-recessive HS highlights the importance of the cholesterol pathway in hair follicle biology and may facilitate novel therapeutic approaches for hair loss disorders in general.
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22
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Gawron K, Bereta G, Nowakowska Z, Łazarz-Bartyzel K, Potempa J, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M, Górska R, Plakwicz P. Analysis of mutations in the SOS-1 gene in two Polish families with hereditary gingival fibromatosis. Oral Dis 2017; 23:983-989. [PMID: 28425619 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish whether two families from Malopolska and Mazovia provinces in Poland are affected by hereditary gingival fibromatosis type 1, caused by a single-cytosine insertion in exon 21 of the Son-of-Sevenless-1 gene. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six subjects with hereditary gingival fibromatosis and five healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Gingival biopsies were collected during gingivectomy or tooth extraction and used for histopathological evaluation. Total RNA and genomic DNA were purified from cultured gingival fibroblasts followed by cDNA and genomic DNA sequencing and analysis. RESULTS Hereditary gingival fibromatosis was confirmed by periodontal examination, X-ray, and laboratory tests. Histopathological evaluation showed hyperplastic epithelium, numerous collagen bundles, and abundant-to-moderate fibroblasts in subepithelial and connective tissue. Sequencing of exons 19-22 of the Son-of-Sevenless-1 gene did not reveal a single-cytosine insertion nor other mutations. CONCLUSIONS Patients from two Polish families under study had not been affected by hereditary gingival fibromatosis type 1, caused by a single-cytosine insertion in exon 21 of the Son-of-Sevenless-1 gene. Further studies of the remaining regions of this gene as well as of other genes are needed to identify disease-related mutations in these patients. This will help to unravel the pathogenic mechanism of gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gawron
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - G Bereta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Z Nowakowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Łazarz-Bartyzel
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Medical College, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - M Chomyszyn-Gajewska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Medical College, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Górska
- Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Plakwicz
- Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Tian L, Song T, He R, Zeng Y, Xie W, Wu Q, Wang S, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Genome-wide analysis of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:330. [PMID: 28446145 PMCID: PMC5405539 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ABC transporter superfamily is one of the largest and ubiquitous groups of proteins. Because of their role in detoxification, insect ABC transporters have gained more attention in recent years. In this study, we annotated ABC transporters from a newly sequenced sweetpotato whitefly genome. Bemisia tabaci Q biotype is an emerging global invasive species that has caused extensive damages to field crops as well as ornamental plants. Results A total of 55 ABC transporters containing all eight described subfamilies (A to H) were identified in the B. tabaci Q genome, including 8 ABCAs, 3 ABCBs, 6 ABCCs, 2 ABCDs, 1 ABCE, 3 ABCFs, 23 ABCGs and 9 ABCHs. In comparison to other species, subfamilies G and H in both phloem- and blood-sucking arthropods are expanded. The temporal expression profiles of these 55 ABC transporters throughout B. tabaci developmental stages and their responses to imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, were investigated using RNA-seq analysis. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of 24 ABC transporters (44% of the total) representing all eight subfamilies was confirmed by the quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, mRNA expression levels estimated by RT-qPCR and RNA-seq analyses were significantly correlated (r = 0.684, p < 0.01). Conclusions It is the first genome-wide analysis of the entire repertoire of ABC transporters in B. tabaci. The identification of these ABC transporters, their temporal expression profiles during B. tabaci development, and their response to a neonicotinoid insecticide lay the foundation for functional genomic understanding of their contribution to the invasiveness of B. tabaci. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3706-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Tian
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tianxue Song
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rongjun He
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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24
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Cellular Models and In Vitro Assays for the Screening of modulators of P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040600. [PMID: 28397762 PMCID: PMC6153761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are highly expressed in tumor cells, as well as in organs involved in absorption and secretion processes, mediating the ATP-dependent efflux of compounds, both endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including drugs. Their expression and activity levels are modulated by the presence of inhibitors, inducers and/or activators. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies with both known and newly synthesized P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inducers and/or activators have shown the usefulness of these transport mechanisms in reducing the systemic exposure and specific tissue access of potentially harmful compounds. This article focuses on the main ABC transporters involved in multidrug resistance [P-gp, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)] expressed in tissues of toxicological relevance, such as the blood-brain barrier, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney and intestine. Moreover, it provides a review of the available cellular models, in vitro and ex vivo assays for the screening and selection of safe and specific inducers and activators of these membrane transporters. The available cellular models and in vitro assays have been proposed as high throughput and low-cost alternatives to excessive animal testing, allowing the evaluation of a large number of compounds.
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Abstract
The process of sexual differentiation is central for reproduction of almost all metazoan and therefore for maintenance of practically all multicellular organisms. In sex development we can distinguish two different processes: First, sex determination is the developmental decision that directs the undifferentiated embryo into a sexually dimorphic individual. In mammals, sex determination equals gonadal development. The second process known as sex differentiation takes place once the sex determination decision has been made through factors produced by the gonads that determine the development of the phenotypic sex. Most of the knowledge on the factors involved in sexual development came from animal models and from studies of cases in whom the genetic or the gonadal sex does not match the phenotypical sex, i.e., patients affected by disorders of sex development (DSD). Generally speaking, factors influencing sex determination are transcriptional regulators, whereas factors important for sex differentiation are secreted hormones and their receptors. This review focuses on the factors involved in gonadal determination, and whenever possible, references on the "prismatic" clinical cases are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Biason-Lauber
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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26
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Barar J, Rafi MA, Pourseif MM, Omidi Y. Blood-brain barrier transport machineries and targeted therapy of brain diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:225-248. [PMID: 28265539 PMCID: PMC5326671 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Desired clinical outcome of pharmacotherapy of brain diseases largely depends upon the safe drug delivery into the brain parenchyma. However, due to the robust blockade function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), drug transport into the brain is selectively controlled by the BBB formed by brain capillary endothelial cells and supported by astrocytes and pericytes.
Methods: In the current study, we have reviewed the most recent literature on the subject to provide an insight upon the role and impacts of BBB on brain drug delivery and targeting.
Results: All drugs, either small molecules or macromolecules, designated to treat brain diseases must adequately cross the BBB to provide their therapeutic properties on biological targets within the central nervous system (CNS). However, most of these pharmaceuticals do not sufficiently penetrate into CNS, failing to meet the intended therapeutic outcomes. Most lipophilic drugs capable of penetrating BBB are prone to the efflux functionality of BBB. In contrast, all hydrophilic drugs are facing severe infiltration blockage imposed by the tight cellular junctions of the BBB. Hence, a number of strategies have been devised to improve the efficiency of brain drug delivery and targeted therapy of CNS disorders using multimodal nanosystems (NSs).
Conclusions: In order to improve the therapeutic outcomes of CNS drug transfer and targeted delivery, the discriminatory permeability of BBB needs to be taken under control. The carrier-mediated transport machineries of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) can be exploited for the discovery, development and delivery of small molecules into the brain. Further, the receptor-mediated transport systems can be recruited for the delivery of macromolecular biologics and multimodal NSs into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Rafi
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad M Pourseif
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Congenital Generalized Hypertrichosis Terminalis with Gingival Hyperplasia and a Coarse Face: a Case Report. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/sjdv-2016-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Congenital generalized hypertrichosis, in its most common form, is idiopathic. In the absence of underlying endocrine or metabolic disorders, congenital generalized hypertrichosis is rare in humans, affecting as few as one in a billion individuals and may be an isolated condition of the skin, or a component feature of other disorders or syndromes. Congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis is an extremely rare condition, a distinct subset of disorders with congenital hypertrichosis, presenting with excessive hair as the primary clinical feature. Congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis is characterized by universal excessive growth of pigmented terminal hair and often accompanied with gingival hyperplasia and/or a coarse face. Gingival hyperplasia may be delayed even until puberty. Its pathogenesis may be caused by one of the following mechanisms: conversion of vellus to terminal hairs and/or prolonged anagenetic stage, and/or increase in the number of hair follicles. Since the Middle Ages, less than 60 individuals with congenital hypertrichosis terminalis have been described, and, according to the most recent estimates, less than 40 cases were documented adequately and definitively in the literature. Recent articles identified congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis as a genomic disorder.
This report is a follow up of a six-year-old boy born from the first normal pregnancy of non-consanguineous parents, starting from delivery. Our investigation revealed a history of: excessive hair growth and a coarse face from birth; increased body weight with high blood pressure and gingival hyperplasia at the age of four months. The parents denied any medication or chemical intake during pregnancy, as well as a history of hypertrichosis in their families. The child had a congenital hydronephrosis of the right kidney. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging revealed severe congenital hydronephrosis of the right kidney and suspicion of hypertrophy of the left adrenal gland suggestive of an adenoma. The follow up showed normal values of hormones which excluded adrenal tumor. At the age of 8 months the patient underwent right-sided nephrectomy after several urinary infections. The child was admitted again to our Clinic at the age of four years, with generalized hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia and a coarse face without any other pathological signs. He has had a normal intellectual development, but was extremely shy, unconfident and dependent on his mother. The relevant laboratory investigations showed normal full blood count, biochemical, hormonal test results and normal function of the single kidney. Molecular chromosome analysis revealed heterozygous deletion on chromosome 17q12 region. Prolonged follow-up with routine checkups every 6–12 months was advised, including regular outpatient appointments particularly with an endocrinologist, because of the risk of diabetes mellitus, and with a nephrologist, for control of renal function.
Laser hair removal was suggested and the patient underwent one procedure with long pulsed neodynium:yttrium-albumin-garnet laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The procedure was effective and well-tolerated and the treatment course is currently ongoing.
Although it is now believed that most people with congenital generalized hypertrichosis have an unknown genetic defect, up to date, a clear specific molecular abnormality has not been proved. It has been suggested that the distal portion of human chromosome 17q may contain dosage-sensitive genes that contribute to excessive hair growth.
We present a sporadic case of an extremely rare congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis in a six-year-old boy born to non-consanguineous parents, with gingival hyperplasia, a coarse face and congenital hydronephrosis, with heterozygous deletion on chromosomal region 17q12 consistent with his renal phenotype.
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Scanning of selection signature provides a glimpse into important economic traits in goats (Capra hircus). Sci Rep 2016; 6:36372. [PMID: 27796358 PMCID: PMC5087083 DOI: 10.1038/srep36372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Goats (Capra hircus) are one of the oldest livestock domesticated species, and have been used for their milk, meat, hair and skins over much of the world. Detection of selection footprints in genomic regions can provide potential insights for understanding the genetic mechanism of specific phenotypic traits and better guide in animal breeding. The study presented here has generated 192.747G raw data and identified more than 5.03 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 334,151 Indels (insertions and deletions). In addition, we identified 155 and 294 candidate regions harboring 86 and 97 genes based on allele frequency differences in Dazu black goats (DBG) and Inner Mongolia cashmere goats (IMCG), respectively. Populations differentiation reflected by Fst values detected 368 putative selective sweep regions including 164 genes. The top 1% regions of both low heterozygosity and high genetic differentiation contained 239 (135 genes) and 176 (106 genes) candidate regions in DBG and IMCG, respectively. These genes were related to reproductive and productive traits, such as "neurohypophyseal hormone activity" and "adipocytokine signaling pathway". These findings may be conducive to molecular breeding and the long-term preservation of the valuable genetic resources for this species.
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Hayashi R, Yoshida K, Abe R, Niizeki H, Shimomura Y. First Japanese case of congenital generalized hypertrichosis with a copy number variation on chromosome 17q24. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 85:63-65. [PMID: 27780627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazue Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hironori Niizeki
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Noordam R, Gunn DA, van Drielen K, Westgate G, Slagboom PE, de Craen AJM, van Heemst D. Both low circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with hair loss in middle-aged women. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:728-34. [PMID: 26959288 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple biomarkers have been associated with hair loss in women, but studies have shown inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations between markers of cardiovascular disease risk (e.g. serum lipid levels and hypertension) and ageing [e.g. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)] with hair loss in a population of middle-aged women. METHODS In a random subgroup of 323 middle-aged women (mean age 61·5 years) from the Leiden Longevity Study, hair loss was graded by three assessors using the Sinclair scale; women with a mean score > 1·5 were classified as cases with hair loss. RESULTS Every 1 SD increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was associated with a 0·65-times lower risk [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·46-0·91] of hair loss. For IGF-1 the risk was 0·68 times lower (95% CI 0·48-0·97) per 1 SD increase, independently of the other studied variables. Women with both IGF-1 and HDL cholesterol levels below the medians of the study population had a 3·47-times higher risk (95% CI 1·30-9·25) of having hair loss. CONCLUSIONS Low HDL cholesterol and IGF-1 were associated with a higher risk of hair loss in women. However, further studies are required to infer causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Noordam
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D A Gunn
- Unilever Discover, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, U.K
| | - K van Drielen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Westgate
- Westgate Consultancy Ltd, Stevington, Bedfordshire, U.K
| | - P E Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Gawron K, Łazarz-Bartyzel K, Potempa J, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M. Gingival fibromatosis: clinical, molecular and therapeutic issues. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:9. [PMID: 26818898 PMCID: PMC4729029 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival fibromatosis is a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders that develop as slowly progressive, local or diffuse enlargements within marginal and attached gingiva or interdental papilla. In severe cases, the excess tissue may cover the crowns of the teeth, thus causing functional, esthetic, and periodontal problems, such as bone loss and bleeding, due to the presence of pseudopockets and plaque accumulation. It affects both genders equally. Hereditary, drug-induced, and idiopathic gingival overgrowth have been reported. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis can occur as an isolated condition or as part of a genetic syndrome. The pathologic manifestation of gingival fibromatosis comprises excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, of which collagen type I is the most prominent example. Mutation in the Son-of-Sevenless-1 gene has been suggested as one possible etiological cause of isolated (non-syndromic) hereditary gingival fibromatosis, but mutations in other genes are also likely to be involved, given the heterogeneity of this condition. The most attractive concept of mechanism for drug-induced gingival overgrowth is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a process in which interactions between gingival cells and the extracellular matrix are weakened as epithelial cells transdifferentiate into fibrogenic fibroblast-like cells. The diagnosis is mainly made on the basis of the patient's history and clinical features, and on histopathological evaluation of affected gingiva. Early diagnosis is important, mostly to exclude oral malignancy. Differential diagnosis comprises all pathologies in the mouth with excessive gingival overgrowth. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis may present as an autosomal-dominant or less commonly autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance. If a systemic disease or syndrome is suspected, the patient is directed to a geneticist for additional clinical examination and specialized diagnostic tests. Treatments vary according to the type of overgrowth and the extent of disease progression, thus, scaling of teeth is sufficient in mild cases, while in severe cases surgical intervention is required. Prognosis is precarious and the risk of recurrence exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gawron
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Łazarz-Bartyzel
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Institute of Dentistry, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jan Potempa
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
- Oral Health and Systemic Disease Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Maria Chomyszyn-Gajewska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Institute of Dentistry, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Cervantes A, García-Delgado C, Fernández-Ramírez F, Valencia-Herrera A, Kofman S, Morán-Barroso V. Congenital hypertrichosis universalis in Mexican female twins. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:e29-31. [PMID: 26518157 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Cervantes
- Department of Genetics, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico.,Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Susana Kofman
- Department of Genetics, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico.,Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Morán-Barroso
- Department of Genetics, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Genetics, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Afifi HH, Fukai R, Miyake N, Gamal El Din AA, Eid MM, Eid OM, Thomas MM, El-Badry TH, Tosson AMS, Abdel-Salam GMH, Matsumoto N. De Novo 17q24.2-q24.3 microdeletion presenting with generalized hypertrichosis terminalis, gingival fibromatous hyperplasia, and distinctive facial features. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2418-24. [PMID: 26033841 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Generalized hypertrichosis is a feature of several genetic disorders, and the nosology of these entities is still provisional. Recent studies have implicated chromosome 17q24.2-q24.3 microdeletion and the reciprocal microduplication in a very rare form of congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis (CGHT) with or without gingival hyperplasia. Here, we report on a 5-year-old Egyptian girl born to consanguineous parents. The girl presented with CGHT and gingival hyperplasia for whom we performed detailed clinical, pathological, and molecular studies. The girl had coarse facies characterized by bilateral epicanthic folds, thick and abundant eyelashes, a broad nose, full cheeks, and lips that constituted the distinctive facial features for this syndrome. Biopsy of the gingiva showed epithelial marked acanthosis and hyperkeratosis with hyperplastic thick collagen bundles and dense fibrosis in the underlying tissues. Array analysis indicated a 17q24.2-q24.3 chromosomal microdeletion. We validated this microdeletion by real-time quantitative PCR and confirmed a perfect co-segregation of the disease phenotype within the family. In summary, this study indicates that 17q24.2-q24.3 microdeletion caused CGHT with gingival hyperplasia and distinctive facies, which should be differentiated from the autosomal recessive type that lacks the distinctive facies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Afifi
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ryoko Fukai
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Amina A Gamal El Din
- Pathology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Eid
- Human Cytogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M Eid
- Human Cytogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M Thomas
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek H El-Badry
- Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Angie M S Tosson
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Haslam IS, El-Chami C, Faruqi H, Shahmalak A, O'Neill CA, Paus R. Differential expression and functionality of ATP-binding cassette transporters in the human hair follicle. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1562-1572. [PMID: 25418064 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in the active transport of an extremely diverse range of substrates across biological membranes. These transporters are commonly implicated in the development of multidrug resistance and are also involved in numerous physiological and homeostatic processes, including lipid transport, cell migration and differentiation. OBJECTIVES To close the knowledge gap in the expression of ABC transporters in the human hair follicle (HF). METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of ABC genes and immunofluorescence microscopy analysis of cryosections of human HFs. RESULTS By qPCR analysis, numerous members of the ABC transporter superfamily, such as ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCA12, were found to be transcribed in full-length human scalp HFs. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the intrafollicular protein expression of different xenobiotic ABC transporters (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCG2) varies greatly, with ABCG2 expression restricted primarily to the epithelial stem cell region of the outer root sheath (bulge), whereas expression of ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCC4 was more widespread. Lipid transporters ABCA1, ABCA12 and ABCA4 were almost uniformly expressed throughout the HF epithelium. Functional ABCB1/G2 activity was demonstrated by exclusion of the substrate dye, Hoechst 33342. In the bulge, this was reversed by ABCB1 and ABCG2 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS These data encourage further investigation of ABC transporters as potentially important regulators of HF epithelial biology. Clinically, pharmacological modulation of the activity of selected intrafollicular ABC transporters may permit novel therapeutic interventions, such as protecting HF stem cells from chemotherapy-induced damage, counteracting cholesterol-associated hypertrichosis, and manipulating the intrafollicular prostaglandin balance in androgenetic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Haslam
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - C El-Chami
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - H Faruqi
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - A Shahmalak
- Crown Cosma Clinic, Thorley House, Bailey Lane, Manchester, U.K
| | - C A O'Neill
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - R Paus
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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35
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Betz RC, Petukhova L, Ripke S, Huang H, Menelaou A, Redler S, Becker T, Heilmann S, Yamany T, Duvic M, Hordinsky M, Norris D, Price VH, Mackay-Wiggan J, de Jong A, DeStefano GM, Moebus S, Böhm M, Blume-Peytavi U, Wolff H, Lutz G, Kruse R, Bian L, Amos CI, Lee A, Gregersen PK, Blaumeiser B, Altshuler D, Clynes R, de Bakker PIW, Nöthen MM, Daly MJ, Christiano AM. Genome-wide meta-analysis in alopecia areata resolves HLA associations and reveals two new susceptibility loci. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5966. [PMID: 25608926 PMCID: PMC4451186 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a prevalent autoimmune disease with 10 known susceptibility loci. Here we perform the first meta-analysis of research on AA by combining data from two genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and replication with supplemented ImmunoChip data for a total of 3,253 cases and 7,543 controls. The strongest region of association is the major histocompatibility complex, where we fine-map four independent effects, all implicating human leukocyte antigen-DR as a key aetiologic driver. Outside the major histocompatibility complex, we identify two novel loci that exceed the threshold of statistical significance, containing ACOXL/BCL2L11(BIM) (2q13); GARP (LRRC32) (11q13.5), as well as a third nominally significant region SH2B3(LNK)/ATXN2 (12q24.12). Candidate susceptibility gene expression analysis in these regions demonstrates expression in relevant immune cells and the hair follicle. We integrate our results with data from seven other autoimmune diseases and provide insight into the alignment of AA within these disorders. Our findings uncover new molecular pathways disrupted in AA, including autophagy/apoptosis, transforming growth factor beta/Tregs and JAK kinase signalling, and support the causal role of aberrant immune processes in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina C Betz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lynn Petukhova
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, NY, NY.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, NY, NY
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Androniki Menelaou
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Redler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Becker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Stefanie Heilmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life&Brain Center, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tarek Yamany
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, NY, NY
| | - Madeliene Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,TX
| | - Maria Hordinsky
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, US
| | - Vera H Price
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA
| | | | | | - Gina M DeStefano
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, NY, NY
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Wolff
- Department of Dermatology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Lutz
- Dermatological Practice, Hair and Nail, Wesseling, Germany
| | | | - Li Bian
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, NY, NY
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Community and Family Medicine and Genetics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, US
| | - Annette Lee
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset NY
| | | | | | - David Altshuler
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Raphael Clynes
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, NY, NY.,Department of Medicine Columbia University, NY, NY
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life&Brain Center, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Angela M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, NY, NY.,Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, NY, NY
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Molday RS. Insights into the Molecular Properties of ABCA4 and Its Role in the Visual Cycle and Stargardt Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 134:415-31. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Dereure O. Des gènes et des cheveux. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2014; 141:648-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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