1
|
Wu L, Zhang Y, Ren J. Targeting non-coding RNAs and N 6-methyladenosine modification in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116153. [PMID: 38513741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of primary liver cancers, accounts for a significant portion of cancer-related death globally. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the onset and progression of HCC are still not fully understood. Emerging evidence has indicated that non-protein-coding regions of genomes could give rise to transcripts, termed non-coding RNA (ncRNA), forming novel functional driving force for aberrant cellular activity. Over the past decades, overwhelming evidence has denoted involvement of a complex array of molecular function of ncRNAs at different stages of HCC tumorigenesis and progression. In this context, several pre-clinical studies have highlighted the potentials of ncRNAs as novel therapeutic modalities in the management of human HCC. Moreover, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, the most prevalent form of internal mRNA modifications in mammalian cells, is essential for the governance of biological processes within cells. Dysregulation of m6A in ncRNAs has been implicated in human carcinogenesis, including HCC. In this review, we will discuss dysregulation of several hallmark ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs) in HCC and address the latest advances for their involvement in the onset and progression of HCC. We also focus on dysregulation of m6A modification and various m6A regulators in the etiology of HCC. In the end, we discussed the contemporary preclinical and clinical application of ncRNA-based and m6A-targeted therapies in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu J, Lu ZT, Wu G, Yang ZC, Wu X, Wang D, Nie ZM, Sheng Q. Gastrodia elata specific miRNA attenuates neuroinflammation via modulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37965801 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2280835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Based on our previous research on the specific miRNAs identified from Gastrodia elata, we selected Gas-miR2-3p to investigate its effects on neuroinflammation via in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS RT-qPCR analysis indicated that G. elata specific Gas-miR2-3p was detected in all murine tissues post-oral administration, suggesting their potential as orally bioavailable miRNA. The analysis of RT-qPCR, Western blotting and ELISA assays consistently demonstrate that the expression of inflammatory factors as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β was decreased and the expression levels of p-p65 and p-IκBα were downregulated after the action of Gas-miR2-3p in both cell and animal experiments. CONCLUSION Gas-miR2-3p can attenuate neuroinflammation by regulating the inflammation factors and suppressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that G. elata miRNAs, as novel active components, perform a modulatory role in the NF-κB signaling pathway associated with neuroinflammation in a cross-species way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyuan Fu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Teng Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Cheng Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuo-Ming Nie
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ogushi K, Yokobori T, Nobusawa S, Shirakura T, Hirato J, Erkhem-Ochir B, Okami H, Dorjkhorloo G, Nishi A, Suzuki M, Otake S, Saeki H, Shirabe K. High Tumoral STMN1 Expression Is Associated with Malignant Potential and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4482. [PMID: 37760452 PMCID: PMC10526320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stathmin 1 (STMN1), a marker for immature neurons and tumors, controls microtubule dynamics by destabilizing tubulin. It plays an essential role in cancer progression and indicates poor prognosis in several cancers. This potential protein has not been clarified in clinical patients with neuroblastoma. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the clinical significance and STMN1 function in neuroblastoma with and without MYCN amplification. METHODS Using immunohistochemical staining, STMN1 expression was examined in 81 neuroblastoma samples. Functional analysis revealed the association among STMN1 suppression, cellular viability, and endogenous or exogenous MYCN expression in neuroblastoma cell lines. RESULT High levels of STMN1 expression were associated with malignant potential, proliferation potency, and poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. STMN1 expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with neuroblastoma. Furthermore, STMN1 knockdown inhibited neuroblastoma cell growth regardless of endogenous and exogenous MYCN overexpression. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that assessing STMN1 expression in neuroblastoma could be a powerful indicator of prognosis and that STMN1 might be a promising therapeutic candidate against refractory neuroblastoma with and without MYCN amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Ogushi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Sumihito Nobusawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (S.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Takahiro Shirakura
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (S.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Junko Hirato
- Department of Pathology, Public Tomioka General Hospital, Tomioka 370-2393, Japan;
| | - Bilguun Erkhem-Ochir
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Haruka Okami
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Gendensuren Dorjkhorloo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Akira Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Gunma Children’s Medical Center, Shibukawa 377-8577, Japan;
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka 028-3695, Japan
| | - Sayaka Otake
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ran Z, Zhang L, Dong M, Zhang Y, Chen L, Song Q. O-GlcNAcylation: A Crucial Regulator in Cancer-Associated Biological Events. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:383-394. [PMID: 37392316 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation, a recently discovered post-translational modification of proteins, plays a crucial role in regulating protein structure and function, and is closely associated with multiple diseases. Research has shown that O-GlcNAcylation is abnormally upregulated in most cancers, promoting disease progression. To elucidate the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer, this review summarizes various cancer-associated biological events regulated by O-GlcNAcylation and the corresponding signaling pathways. This work may provide insights for future studies on the function or underlying mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Ran
- Medical College, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toro AU, Shukla SK, Bansal P. Emerging role of MicroRNA-Based theranostics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7681-7691. [PMID: 37418086 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with its high mortality and short survival rate, continues to be one of the deadliest malignancies despite relentless efforts and several technological advances. The poor prognosis of HCC and the few available treatments are to blame for the low survival rate, which emphasizes the importance of creating new, effective diagnostic markers and innovative therapy strategies. In-depth research is being done on the potent biomarker miRNAs, a special class of non-coding RNA and has shown encouraging results in the early identification and treatment of HCC in order to find more viable and successful therapeutics for the disease. It is beyond dispute that miRNAs control cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival and, depending on the genes they target, can either promote tumorigenesis or suppress it. Given the vital role miRNAs play in the biological system and their potential to serve as ground-breaking treatments for HCC, more study is required to fully examine their theranostic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Umar Toro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shobhit institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to-be-University), Modipuram, Meerut, 250110, India
| | - Sudheesh K Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shobhit institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to-be-University), Modipuram, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - Parveen Bansal
- University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu R, Liang X, Guo H, Li S, Yao W, Dong C, Wu J, Lu Y, Tang J, Zhang H. STNM1 in human cancers: role, function and potential therapy sensitizer. Cell Signal 2023:110775. [PMID: 37331415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
STMN1 belongs to the stathmin gene family, it encodes a cytoplasmic phosphorylated protein, stathmin1, which is commonly observed in vertebrate cells. STMN1 is a structural microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that binds to microtubule protein dimers rather than microtubules, with each STMN1 binding two microtubule protein dimers and preventing their aggregation, leading to microtubule instability. STMN1 expression is elevated in a number of malignancies, and inhibition of its expression can interfere with tumor cell division. Its expression can change the division of tumor cells, thereby arresting cell growth in the G2/M phase. Moreover, STMN1 expression affects tumor cell sensitivity to anti-microtubule drug analogs, including vincristine and paclitaxel. The research on MAPs is limited, and new insights on the mechanism of STMN1 in different cancers are emerging. The effective application of STMN1 in cancer prognosis and treatment requires further understanding of this protein. Here, we summarize the general characteristics of STMN1 and outline how STMN1 plays a role in cancer development, targeting multiple signaling networks and acting as a downstream target for multiple microRNAs, circRNAs, and lincRNAs. We also summarize recent findings on the function role of STMN1 in tumor resistance and as a therapeutic target for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Haiwei Guo
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Yao
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Papadimitriou MA, Panoutsopoulou K, Pilala KM, Scorilas A, Avgeris M. Epi-miRNAs: Modern mediators of methylation status in human cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1735. [PMID: 35580998 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of the fundamental macromolecules, DNA/RNA, and proteins, is remarkably abundant, evolutionarily conserved, and functionally significant in cellular homeostasis and normal tissue/organism development. Disrupted methylation imprinting is strongly linked to loss of the physiological equilibrium and numerous human pathologies, and most importantly to carcinogenesis, tumor heterogeneity, and cancer progression. Mounting recent evidence has documented the active implication of miRNAs in the orchestration of the multicomponent cellular methylation machineries and the deregulation of methylation profile in the epigenetic, epitranscriptomic, and epiproteomic levels during cancer onset and progression. The elucidation of such regulatory networks between the miRNome and the cellular methylation machineries has led to the emergence of a novel subclass of miRNAs, namely "epi-miRNAs" or "epi-miRs." Herein, we have summarized the existing knowledge on the functional role of epi-miRs in the methylation dynamic landscape of human cancers and their clinical utility in modern cancer diagnostics and tailored therapeutics. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Alexandra Papadimitriou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina-Marina Pilala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Doghish AS, Elballal MS, Elazazy O, Elesawy AE, Elrebehy MA, Shahin RK, Midan HM, Sallam AAM. The role of miRNAs in liver diseases: Potential therapeutic and clinical applications. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154375. [PMID: 36801506 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, non-coding RNAs that function post-transcriptionally to regulate gene expression by binding to particular mRNA targets and causing destruction of the mRNA or translational inhibition of the mRNA. The miRNAs control the range of liver activities, from the healthy to the unhealthy. Considering that miRNA dysregulation is linked to liver damage, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis, miRNAs are a promising therapeutic strategy for the evaluation and treatment of liver illnesses. Recent findings on the regulation and function of miRNAs in liver diseases are discussed, with an emphasis on miRNAs that are highly expressed or enriched in hepatocytes. Alcohol-related liver illness, acute liver toxicity, viral hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and exosomes in chronic liver disease all emphasize the roles and target genes of these miRNAs. We briefly discuss the function of miRNAs in the etiology of liver diseases, namely in the transfer of information between hepatocytes and other cell types via extracellular vesicles. Here we offer some background on the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for the early prognosis, diagnosis, and assessment of liver diseases. The identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver disorders will be made possible by future research into miRNAs in the liver, which will also help us better understand the pathogeneses of liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Reem K Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Al-Aliaa M Sallam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pourhamzeh M, Asadian S, Mirzaei H, Minaei A, Shahriari E, Shpichka A, Es HA, Timashev P, Hassan M, Vosough M. Novel antigens for targeted radioimmunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:23-37. [PMID: 35708866 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth common cancer and forth cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Based on usually advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the time of diagnosis, therapeutic options are limited and, in many cases, not effective, and typically result in the tumor recurrence with a poor prognosis. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) offers a selective internal radiation therapy approach using beta or alpha emitting radionuclides conjugated with tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), or specific selective peptides. When compared to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, radiolabeled mAbs against cancer-associated antigens could provide a high therapeutic and exclusive radiation dose for cancerous cells while decreasing the exposure-induced side effects to healthy tissues. The recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, such as blockade of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has changed the landscape of cancer therapy, and the efficacy of different classes of immunotherapy has been tested in many clinical trials. Taking into account the use of ICIs in the liver tumor microenvironment, combined therapies with different approaches may enhance the outcome in the future clinical studies. With the development of novel immunotherapy treatment options in the recent years, there has been a great deal of information about combining the diverse treatment modalities to boost the effectiveness of immunomodulatory drugs. In this opinion review, we will discuss the recent advancements in RIT. The current status of immunotherapy and internal radiotherapy will be updated, and we will propose novel approaches for the combination of both techniques. Potential target antigens for radioimmunotherapy in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC radioimmunotherapy target antigens are the most specific and commonly accessible antigens on the surface of HCC cells. CTLA-4 ligand and receptor, TAMs, PD-1/PD-L, TIM-3, specific IEXs/TEXs, ROBO1, and cluster of differentiation antigens CD105, CD147 could all be used in HCC radioimmunotherapy. Abbreviations: TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4; PD-1, Programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L, programmed death-ligand1; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and mucin-domain containing protein-3; IEXs, immune cell-derived exosomes; TEXs, tumor-derived exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Departments of Pathology and Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samieh Asadian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Azita Minaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elahe Shahriari
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia. .,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia. .,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He Q, Guo P, Bo Z, Yu H, Yang J, Wang Y, Chen G. Noncoding RNA-mediated molecular bases of chemotherapy resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:249. [PMID: 35945536 PMCID: PMC9361533 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant progress in decreasing the occurrence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it remains a public health issue worldwide on the basis of its late presentation and tumor recurrence. To date, apart from surgical interventions, such as surgical resection, liver transplantation and locoregional ablation, current standard antitumor protocols include conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, due to the high chemoresistance nature, most current therapeutic agents show dismal outcomes for this refractory malignancy, leading to disease relapse. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in chemotherapy resistance remain systematically ambiguous. Herein, HCC is hierarchically characterized by the formation of primitive cancer stem cells (CSCs), progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), unbalanced autophagy, delivery of extracellular vesicles (EVs), escape of immune surveillance, disruption of ferroptosis, alteration of the tumor microenvironment and multidrug resistance-related signaling pathways that mediate the multiplicity and complexity of chemoresistance. Of note, anecdotal evidence has corroborated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) extensively participate in the critical physiological processes mentioned above. Therefore, understanding the detailed regulatory bases that underlie ncRNA-mediated chemoresistance is expected to yield novel insights into HCC treatment. In the present review, a comprehensive summary of the latest progress in the investigation of chemotherapy resistance concerning ncRNAs will be elucidated to promote tailored individual treatment for HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qikuan He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengyi Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315199, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhuan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khan S, Zhang DY, Zhang JY, Hayat MK, Ren J, Nasir S, Fawad M, Bai Q. The Key Role of microRNAs in Initiation and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:950374. [PMID: 35924150 PMCID: PMC9341471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.950374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main type of primary liver malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression mainly on post-transcriptional level has a confirmed and important role in numerous biological process. By regulating specific target genes, miRNA can act as oncogene or tumor suppressor. Recent evidence has indicated that the deregulation of miR-NAs is closely associated with the clinical pathological features of HCC. However, the precise regulatory mechanism of each miRNA and its targets in HCC has yet to be illuminated. This study demonstrates that both oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRNAs are crucial in the formation and development of HCC. miRNAs influence biological behavior including proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis by targeting critical genes. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the expression profile and function of miRNAs in HCC and discuss the potential for miRNA-based therapy for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - De-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mian Khizar Hayat
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adopations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingli Ren
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, Henan Academy of Big Data, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Safyan Nasir
- Allied District Headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, Henan Academy of Big Data, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Fawad, ; Qian Bai,
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Fawad, ; Qian Bai,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biselli JM, Zampieri BL, Biselli-Chicote PM, de Souza JES, Bürger MC, da Silva WA, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Pavarino ÉC. Differential microRNA expression profile in blood of children with Down syndrome suggests a role in immunological dysfunction. Hum Cell 2022; 35:639-648. [PMID: 35060072 PMCID: PMC8773395 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21), results in a broad range of phenotypes. However, the determinants contributing to the complex and variable phenotypic expression of DS are still not fully known. Changes in microRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, have been associated with some DS phenotypes. Here, we investigated the genome-wide mature miRNA expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of children with DS and controls and identified biological processes and pathways relevant to the DS pathogenesis. The expression of 754 mature miRNAs was profiled in PBMCs from six children with DS and six controls by RT-qPCR using TaqMan® Array Human MicroRNA Cards. Functions and signaling pathways analyses were performed using DIANA-miRPath v.3 and DIANA-microT-CDS software. Children with DS presented six differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs): four overexpressed (miR-378a-3p, miR-130b-5p, miR-942-5p, and miR-424-3p) and two downregulated (miR-452-5p and miR-668-3p). HSA21-derived miRNAs investigated were not found to be differentially expressed between the groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed potential target genes involved in biological processes and pathways pertinent to immune response, e.g., toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling, Hippo, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathways. These results suggest that altered miRNA expression could be contributing to the well-known immunological dysfunction observed in individuals with DS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joice Matos Biselli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto , Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, nº 5416 - UPGEM/Bloco U-6, CEP: 15.090-000, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lancia Zampieri
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto , Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, nº 5416 - UPGEM/Bloco U-6, CEP: 15.090-000, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Matos Biselli-Chicote
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto , Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, nº 5416 - UPGEM/Bloco U-6, CEP: 15.090-000, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Estefano Santana de Souza
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Metrópole Digital Institute (IMD), UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy and Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Carvalho Bürger
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy and Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy and Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto , Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, nº 5416 - UPGEM/Bloco U-6, CEP: 15.090-000, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érika Cristina Pavarino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto , Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, nº 5416 - UPGEM/Bloco U-6, CEP: 15.090-000, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wen K, Yan Y, Shi J, Hu L, Wang W, Liao H, Li H, Zhu Y, Mao K, Xiao Z. Construction and Validation of a Combined Ferroptosis and Hypoxia Prognostic Signature for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:809672. [PMID: 34977159 PMCID: PMC8719198 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.809672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis, as a unique programmed cell death modality, has been found to be closely related to the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypoxia signaling pathway has been found to be extensively involved in the transformation and growth of HCC and to inhibit anti-tumor therapy through various approaches. However, there is no high-throughput study to explore the potential link between ferroptosis and hypoxia, as well as their combined effect on the prognosis of HCC. Methods: We included 370 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 231 patients in the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Univariate COX regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator approach were used to construct ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) prognostic signature (FHPS). Kaplan–Meier method and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were analyzed to evaluate the predictive capability of FHPS. CIBERSOR and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were used to explore the connection between FHPS and tumor immune microenvironment. Immunohistochemical staining was used to compare the protein expression of prognostic FRGs and HRGs between normal liver tissue and HCC tissue. In addition, the nomogram was established to facilitate the clinical application of FHPS. Results: Ten FRGs and HRGs were used to establish the FHPS. We found consistent results in the TCGA training cohort, as well as in the independent ICGC validation cohort, that patients in the high-FHPS subgroup had advanced tumor staging, shorter survival time, and higher mortality. Moreover, patients in the high-FHPS subgroup showed ferroptosis suppressive, high hypoxia, and immunosuppression status. Finally, the nomogram showed a strong prognostic capability to predict overall survival (OS) for HCC patients. Conclusion: We developed a novel prognostic signature combining ferroptosis and hypoxia to predict OS, ferroptosis, hypoxia, and immune status, which provides a new idea for individualized treatment of HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcong Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huoming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng F, Liao YJ, Cai MY, Liu TH, Chen SP, Wu PH, Wu L, Bian XW, Guan XY, Zeng YX, Yuan YF, Kung HF, Xie D. Correction: Systemic Delivery of MicroRNA-101 Potently Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vivo by Repressing Multiple Targets. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009960. [PMID: 34879067 PMCID: PMC8654154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004873.].
Collapse
|
15
|
LncRNA PTPRG-AS1 Promotes the Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Enhancing YWHAG. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3624306. [PMID: 34876904 PMCID: PMC8645374 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3624306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. LncRNA PTPRG-AS1 (PTPRG-AS1) has been confirmed to function as a regulator in various cancers, whose function during HCC tumorigenesis is still not clear now. Thus, we aim to dig out the biological function and its mechanisms of PTPRG-AS1 in HCC. Methods PTPRG-AS1 relative expression in tissues and cells was detected and analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Subcellular distribution of PTPRG-AS1 was examined by FISH experiments. The effects of PTPRG-AS1 in the growth of HCC were studied by in vitro CCK-8 experiments, transwell invasion experiments, and in vivo xenograft tumor experiments. Dual-Luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction between PTPRG-AS1 and miR-199a-3p or miR-199a-3p and its target gene, YWHAG. Results PTPRG-AS1 was upregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. We identified PTPRG-AS1 mainly localized in the cytoplasm of HCC cells. Downregulation of PTPRG-AS1 suppressed HCC progression, while overexpression of PTPRG-AS1 showed the opposite effects. Furthermore, PTPRG-AS1 served as a miR-199a-3p sponge and positively regulated YWHAG expression. Besides, PTPRG-AS1 could promote HCC through miR-199a-3p/YWHAG axis. Conclusions Taken together, we demonstrated PTPRG-AS1 may serve as a ceRNA and reversely regulates the expression of miR-199a-3p, thus facilitating HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis, which is expected to provide new clues for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
|
16
|
Fuso P, Di Salvatore M, Santonocito C, Guarino D, Autilio C, Mulè A, Arciuolo D, Rinninella A, Mignone F, Ramundo M, Di Stefano B, Orlandi A, Capoluongo E, Nicolotti N, Franceschini G, Sanchez AM, Tortora G, Scambia G, Barone C, Cassano A. Let-7a-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-101-3p, and miR-199a-3p Hyperexpression as Potential Predictive Biomarkers in Early Breast Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:816. [PMID: 34442460 PMCID: PMC8400663 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to identify miRNAs able to predict the outcomes in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 24 patients receiving NAC and not reaching pathologic complete response (pCR). miRNAs were analyzed using an Illumina Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) system. RESULTS Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in patients with up-regulation of let-7a-5p (EFS p = 0.006; OS p = 0.0001), mirR-100-5p (EFS s p = 0.01; OS p = 0.03), miR-101-3p (EFS p = 0.05; OS p = 0.01), and miR-199a-3p (EFS p = 0.02; OS p = 0.01) in post-NAC samples, independently from breast cancer subtypes. At multivariate analysis, only let-7a-5p was significantly associated with EFS (p = 0.009) and OS (p = 0.0008). CONCLUSION Up-regulation of the above miRNAs could represent biomarkers in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fuso
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Mariantonietta Di Salvatore
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Santonocito
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Guarino
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Autilio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Research Institute, Universidad Complutense, Av. Sèneca, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pathologic Anatomy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Arciuolo
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pathologic Anatomy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonina Rinninella
- Department of Science and Innovation Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, V.le Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (A.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Flavio Mignone
- Department of Science and Innovation Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, V.le Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (A.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Matteo Ramundo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Di Stefano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Orlandi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Capoluongo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Biotecnologie Avanzate, Università Federico II-CEINGE, Corso Umberto I 40, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Nicolotti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Medical Management, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Martin Sanchez
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Carlo Barone
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Cassano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (M.R.); (B.D.S.); (A.O.); (E.C.); (N.N.); (G.F.); (A.M.S.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sartorius K, An P, Winkler C, Chuturgoon A, Li X, Makarova J, Kramvis A. The Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer and Immune Pathways in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Influence of HBx and miRNA Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661204. [PMID: 33995383 PMCID: PMC8117219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) pathogenesis is fueled by persistent HBV infection that stealthily maintains a delicate balance between viral replication and evasion of the host immune system. HBV is remarkably adept at using a combination of both its own, as well as host machinery to ensure its own replication and survival. A key tool in its arsenal, is the HBx protein which can manipulate the epigenetic landscape to decrease its own viral load and enhance persistence, as well as manage host genome epigenetic responses to the presence of viral infection. The HBx protein can initiate epigenetic modifications to dysregulate miRNA expression which, in turn, can regulate downstream epigenetic changes in HBV-HCC pathogenesis. We attempt to link the HBx and miRNA induced epigenetic modulations that influence both the HBV and host genome expression in HBV-HCC pathogenesis. In particular, the review investigates the interplay between CHB infection, the silencing role of miRNA, epigenetic change, immune system expression and HBV-HCC pathogenesis. The review demonstrates exactly how HBx-dysregulated miRNA in HBV-HCC pathogenesis influence and are influenced by epigenetic changes to modulate both viral and host genome expression. In particular, the review identifies a specific subset of HBx induced epigenetic miRNA pathways in HBV-HCC pathogenesis demonstrating the complex interplay between HBV infection, epigenetic change, disease and immune response. The wide-ranging influence of epigenetic change and miRNA modulation offers considerable potential as a therapeutic option in HBV-HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Sartorius
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ping An
- Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Cheryl Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Julia Makarova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Higher School of Economics University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Therapeutic strategies for miRNA delivery to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:134-144. [PMID: 33926792 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignancies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rapidly spreading and commonly fatal. Like most cancers, the gene expression patterns in HCC vary significantly from patient to patient. Moreover, the expression networks during HCC progression are largely controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating multiple oncogenes and tumor supressors. Therefore, miRNA-based therapeutic strategies altering these networks may significantly influence the cellular behavior enough for them to cure HCC. However, the most substantial challenges in developing such therapies are the stability of the oligos themselves and that of their delivery systems. Here we provide a comprehensive update describing various miRNA delivery systems, including virus-based delivery and non-viral delivery. The latter may be achieved using inorganic nanoparticles, polymer based nano-carriers, lipid-based vesicles, exosomes, and liposomes. Leaky vasculature in HCC-afflicted livers helps untargeted nanocarriers to accumulate in the tumor tissue but may result in side effects during higher dose of treatment. On the other hand, the strategies for actively targeting miRNA therepeutics to cancerous cells through nano-conjugates or vesicles by decorating their surface with antibodies against or ligands for HCC-specific antigens or receptors are more efficient in preventing damage to healthy tissue and cancer recurrence.
Collapse
|
19
|
Qian F, Wang J, Wang Y, Gao Q, Yan W, Lin Y, Shen L, Xie Y, Jiang X, Shen B. MiR-378a-3p as a putative biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis: Computational screening with experimental validation. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e307. [PMID: 33634974 PMCID: PMC7882078 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant disease with high morbidity and mortality, and the molecular mechanism for the genesis and progression is complex and heterogeneous. Biomarker discovery is crucial for the personalized and precision treatment of HCC. The accumulation of reported microRNA biomarkers makes it possible to combine computational identification with experimental validation to accelerate the discovery of novel biomarker. RESULTS In the present work, we applied a rational computer-aided biomarker discovery model to screen for the HCC diagnosis biomarker. Two HCC-associated networks were constructed based on the microRNA and mRNA expression profiles, and the potential microRNA biomarkers were identified based on their unique regulatory and influential power in the network. These putative biomarkers were then experimentally validated. One prominent example among these identified biomarkers is MiR-378a-3p: It was shown to independently regulate several important transcription factors such as PLAGL2 and β-catenin, affecting the β-catenin signaling. Such mechanism may indicate a potential tumor suppressor role of MiR-378a-3p and the impact of its abnormal expression on the cell growth and invasion of HCC. CONCLUSIONS A bioinformatics model with network topological and functional characterization was successfully applied to the identification of HCC biomarkers. The predicted microRNA biomarkers were than validated with experiments using human HCC cell lines, model animal, and clinical specimens. The results confirmed the prediction by our proposed model that miR-378a-3p was a putative biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuliang Qian
- Center for Systems BiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of the First Biliary Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalNavy Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of the First Biliary Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalNavy Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wenying Yan
- Center for Systems BiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Li Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yufeng Xie
- Center for Systems BiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Department of the First Biliary Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalNavy Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wei M, Jin H, Yang S, Li Z, Wang X, Li L, Jia Y, Cui M. MicroRNA-101 inhibits growth and metastasis of human ovarian cancer cells by targeting PI3K/AKT. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:127-134. [PMID: 33488865 PMCID: PMC7811304 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of gynecological cancer related mortality in woman. This study was designed to investigate the role and therapeutic potential of miRNA-101 in ovarian cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression analysis was carried out by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Transfections were performed with the help of Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. AO/EB and annexin V/PI staining was used to detect apoptosis and flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis. Western blotting was employed for cell cycle analysis. RESULTS It was found that miRNA-101 was significantly down-regulated in ovarian cancer cells. The over-expression of miRNA-101 causes a significant decrease in the viability of ovarian cancer cells via the initiation of apoptosis and sub-G1 arrest of OVACAR-3 cells. It was indicated that PTEN was the potential target of miRNA-101 in OVACAR-3 cells. There was 4.5-fold up-regulation of PTEN expression in ovarian cancer cell lines and the over-expression of miRNA-101 in OVACAR-3 cells resulted in the down-regulation of PTEN expression. The inhibition of PTEN in the OVACAR-3 cells arrested the proliferation of these cells. The over-expression of miRNA-101 causes significant down-regulation in PI3K and AKT expression of OVACAR-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that miRNA-101 acts as a tumor suppressor which may be beneficial in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongjuan Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - ShuLi Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - LiXiang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - ManHua Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pea A, Jamieson NB, Braconi C. Biology and Clinical Application of Regulatory RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2021; 73 Suppl 1:38-48. [PMID: 32160335 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most of the human genome consists of DNA genes that are translated into RNAs but not into proteins. These RNA molecules are named noncoding RNAs (ncRNA). While in the past it was thought that ncRNAs would be redundant without relevant functions, it is now well established that ncRNAs identify a class of regulatory molecules that finely tune cell homeostasis and are deregulated in disease states, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Of note, the number of ncRNAs within a cell increases progressively, with the complexity of the species indicating their essential role in the maintenance of regulatory networks that affect the intricacy of the organism. ncRNAs have been demonstrated to mediate HCC development and progression by affecting intrinsic cancer cell signaling and crosstalk between malignant cells and the microenvironment. Moreover, ncRNAs hold promise as clinical biomarkers, but further evidence is warranted before their translation and integration within clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pea
- The Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- The Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Braconi
- The Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hepigenetics: A Review of Epigenetic Modulators and Potential Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9593254. [PMID: 33299889 PMCID: PMC7707949 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9593254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the second most lethal, following lung cancer. Currently applied therapeutic practices rely on surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or a combination thereof. These treatment options are associated with extreme adversities, and risk/benefit ratios do not always work in patients' favor. Anomalies of the epigenome lie at the epicenter of aberrant molecular mechanisms by which the disease develops and progresses. Modulation of these anomalous events poses a promising prospect for alternative treatment options, with an abundance of felicitous results reported in recent years. Herein, the most recent epigenetic modulators in hepatocellular carcinoma are recapitulated on.
Collapse
|
23
|
Xiao L, Hou Y, He H, Cheng S, Hou Y, Jin H, Song X, Nie G, Hou Y. A novel targeted delivery system for drug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17029-17044. [PMID: 32780053 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe malignant disease threatening human life. Current chemotherapy methods usually result in poor prognosis with low treatment efficacy and high side effects because of weak targeting specificity and fast acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR). HCSP4 is a 12-aa peptide previously identified to specifically and sensitively bind to HCC cells and tissues. In this study, a novel class of HCC-targeting doxorubicin (DOX) delivery system, named HCSP4-Lipo-DOX-miR101, was synthesized and investigated for anticancer activity. HCSP4-Lipo-DOX-miR101 exhibited specific HCC targeting characteristics and satisfactory anticancer potency against HepG2 and HepG2/ADR cells, particularly HepG2/ADR cells. Moreover, the expression levels of genes closely related to membrane transport and cancer growth were significantly suppressed. This finding suggests that HCSP4-Lipo-DOX-miR101 can cause DOX-resistant HCC cell death and growth inhibition based on the targeting of MDR-related genes by miR-101. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that HCSP4-Lipo-DOX-miR101 may serve as a promising novel targeted delivery system for improving the therapeutic efficiency of drug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Huimin He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Sinan Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Yifan Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Huijuan Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Xigui Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Guochao Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin, Guangxi 537000, China
| | - Yingchun Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Che L, Wu ZL, Huang LY, Wu JS, Du ZB, Lin JX, Su YH, Chen XX, Lin ZN, Lin YC. MicroRNA-101 inhibits cadmium-induced angiogenesis by targeting cyclooxygenase-2 in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 189:114192. [PMID: 32783891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to toxic metal contaminants, such as cadmium compounds (Cd2+), has been shown to induce adverse effects on various organs and tissues. In particular, blood vessels are severely impacted by Cd2+ exposure, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). According to previous studies, CVDs are associated with increased cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) levels. However, the mechanisms by which CdCl2-induced COX-2 overexpression leads to cardiovascular dysfunction remain unclear. Herein, we show that the relative gene expressions of VEGF and PTGS2 (COX-2 encoding gene) are positively correlated in CVDs patients. Moreover, we demonstrate that the in vitro administration of CdCl2 induces cytotoxicity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The induction of ER stress and the overexpression of COX-2 in CdCl2-treated cells alters the protein level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in abnormal angiogenesis and increased cytotoxicity. At the pre-transcription level, the inhibition of ER stress by siGRP78 (a key mediator of ER stress) can restore normal angiogenesis in the CdCl2-exposed cells. Meanwhile, at the transcription level, the adverse effects of CdCl2 exposure may be reversed via genetic modification with siRNA (siPTGS2) or by using phytochemical inhibitors (parthenolide, PN) of COX-2. Finally, at the post-transcription level, COX-2 expression may be restricted by the binding of microRNA-101 (miR-101) to the 3'-UTR of PTGS2 mRNA. The use of mimic miR-101 (mi101) to induce the expression of miR-101 eventually leads to reduced COX-2 protein levels, relieved ER stress, and less abnormal angiogenesis and cytotoxicity of CdCl2-exposed primary HUVECs. Overall, our results suggest that CdCl2-induced abnormal angiogenesis is mediated by miR-101/COX-2/VEGF-axis-dependent ER stress, and that cardiovascular dysfunction may be controlled by manipulating COX-2 at the pre-transcription, transcription, and post-transcription levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zi-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lian-Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jia-Shen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ze-Bang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jin-Xian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yan-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xue VW, Wong SCC, Song G, Cho WCS. Promising RNA-based cancer gene therapy using extracellular vesicles for drug delivery. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:767-777. [PMID: 32125904 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1738377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION RNA-based cancer gene therapy shows potential in cancer treatment. However, the safe and efficient transfer of therapeutic RNA to target cells has always been a challenge. The ideal drug delivery system should be effective with low immunogenicity and toxicity. Besides, a high specificity of drug delivery is necessary to improve efficacy and avoid the side effects associated with tumor heterogeneity. As endogenous RNA vehicles, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown their advantages and potential as drug delivery systems in gene therapy. AREAS COVERED We summarize the performance of EVs as a drug delivery system in RNA-based cancer gene therapy and discuss the advantages, limitations, and potentials of this translational medicine. In addition, we compare the characteristics and differences of current drug delivery systems and expound the principles of selecting a drug delivery system suitable for cancer gene therapy. EXPERT OPINION EVs are highly biocompatible membrane structures with low cytotoxicity which provide a new choice for drug delivery in RNA-based cancer gene therapy. The specificity of engineered EVs and artificial EV-mimetics can be improved through peptide or polymer decoration. However, apart from therapeutic RNA, EVs naturally carry many molecules. This may lead to unpredictable effects and thus should be applied with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Guoqi Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Non-Coding RNAs: Regulating Disease Progression and Therapy Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051243. [PMID: 32429062 PMCID: PMC7281199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the primary liver cancer arising from hepatocytes, is a universal health problem and one of the most common malignant tumors. Surgery followed by chemotherapy as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as sorafenib, are primary treatment procedures for HCC, but recurrence of disease because of therapy resistance results in high mortality. It is necessary to identify novel regulators of HCC for developing effective targeted therapies that can significantly interfere with progression of the disease process. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an abundant group of versatile RNA transcripts that do not translate into proteins, rather serve as potentially functional RNAs. The role of ncRNAs in regulating diverse aspects of the carcinogenesis process are gradually being elucidated. Recent advances in RNA sequencing technology have identified a plethora of ncRNAs regulating all aspects of hepatocarcinogenesis process and serving as potential prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. The present review provides a comprehensive description of the biological roles of ncRNAs in disease process and therapy resistance, and potential clinical application of these ncRNAs in HCC.
Collapse
|
27
|
El-Ahwany E, Mansy SS, Zoheiry M, Mourad L, Mahmoud S, Abu-Taleb H, Hassanien M, Hassan M. MicroRNA-195 vector influence on the development of gradually induced hepatocellular carcinoma in murine model. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 44:203-210. [PMID: 32216509 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1744783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies implicate the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was designed to induce HCC, in an experimental model, with the prospect to study the molecular pathophysiologic changes accompanying the development of HCC and the effect of miRNA-195 vector on the process of hepatocarcinogenesis.Methodology: This study incorporated three groups of male albino mice; one control group and two other groups injected intraperitoneal with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) weekly for 12 weeks for the gradual induction of HCC. The third group was injected intra-hepatic with miR-195 vector 1 month after DEN injection. At the 8th and 12th weeks post-DEN treatment, the tumor-associated biomarkers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed in the serum of all mice. Hepatic specimens were subjected to ultra-structural pathological examination as well as to caspase-3 and survivin genes expression analysis.Results: All the assessed serological and molecular parameters of HCC development, in the miRNA-195-treated group of mice, showed a significant increase, versus the DEN-treated group, whereas survivin was significantly down-regulated, in the miR-195-treated group (P < 0.001). Additionally, ultra-structural criteria of HCC were depicted, in the 12th week, in DEN-injected group, versus the 8th week, in the miRNA-195-treated group.Conclusions: Intra-hepatic injection of miRNA-195 vector induced apoptotic gene expression and suppressed anti-apoptotic gene but these favorable anti-cancer effects could not counteract the inflammatory, and subsequently, the oncogenic effect probably caused by vector administration. Therefore, further studies are required to investigate the effect of miRNA in combination with anti-inflammatory medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman El-Ahwany
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Soheir S Mansy
- Electron Microscopy Research Department (Pathology), Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Zoheiry
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lobna Mourad
- Biology Department, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir Mahmoud
- Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda Abu-Taleb
- Environmental Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Moataz Hassanien
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Hassan
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Weidle UH, Schmid D, Birzele F, Brinkmann U. MicroRNAs Involved in Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Target Candidates, Functionality and Efficacy in Animal Models and Prognostic Relevance. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:1-21. [PMID: 31882547 PMCID: PMC6937123 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for the second-leading cancer-related death toll worldwide. Although sorafenib and levantinib as frontline therapy and regorafenib, cabazantinib and ramicurimab have now been approved for second-line therapy, the therapeutic benefit is in the range of only a few months with respect to prolongation of survival. Aggressiveness of HCC is mediated by metastasis. Intrahepatic metastases and distant metastasis to the lungs, lymph nodes, bones, omentum, adrenal gland and brain have been observed. Therefore, the identification of metastasis-related new targets and treatment modalities is of paramount importance. In this review, we focus on metastasis-related microRNAs (miRs) as therapeutic targets for HCC. We describe miRs which mediate or repress HCC metastasis in mouse xenograft models. We discuss 18 metastasis-promoting miRs and 35 metastasis-inhibiting miRs according to the criteria as outlined. Six of the metastasis-promoting miRs (miR-29a, -219-5p, -331-3p, 425-5p, -487a and -1247-3p) are associated with unfavourable clinical prognosis. Another set of six down-regulated miRs (miR-101, -129-3p, -137, -149, -503, and -630) correlate with a worse clinical prognosis. We discuss the corresponding metastasis-related targets as well as their potential as therapeutic modalities for treatment of HCC-related metastasis. A subset of up-regulated miRs -29a, -219-5p and -425-5p and down-regulated miRs -129-3p and -630 were evaluated in orthotopic metastasis-related models which are suitable to mimic HCC-related metastasis. Those miRNAs may represent prioritized targets emerging from our survey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Elhefnawi M, Salah Z, Soliman B. The Promise of miRNA Replacement Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 19:290-304. [DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666191023101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a devastating tumor which accounts for death mortality rate
94% globally, and about 780,000 new cases each year. Tumor suppressor miRNAs represent a class of
noncoding RNAs, which exhibit decreased or inhibited expression in the case of carcinogenesis.
Therefore, the replacement of these molecules leads to post-transcriptional regulation of tens to hundreds
of oncogenic targets and limiting the tumor. Interestingly, there is a group of tumor silencer
miRNAs that have been highlighted in HCC and herein, our review will discuss the prominent examples
of these miRs in terms of their efficient delivery using vectors, nano-delivery systems, their successful
models either in vitro or in vivo and pre-clinical trials. Collectively, tumor suppressor miRNAs
can act as novel therapeutics for HCC and more studies should be directed towards these promising
therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elhefnawi
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemo-Informatics Group Leader, Centre of Excellence for Medical Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Salah
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemo-Informatics Group Leader, Centre of Excellence for Medical Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bangly Soliman
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemo-Informatics Group Leader, Centre of Excellence for Medical Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang Q, Yuan Y, Gong Y, Luo X, Su X, Hu X, Zhu W. Therapeutic delivery of microRNA-143 by cationic lipoplexes for non-small cell lung cancer treatment in vivo. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2951-2967. [PMID: 31654121 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and new improvements are urgently needed. Several miRNA-targeted therapeutics have reached clinical development. MicroRNA-143 (miR-143) was found to significantly suppress the migration and invasion of NSCLC. It might be of great potential for NSCLC treatment. However, the therapeutic effect of miR-143 against NSCLC in vivo has not been explored until now. METHODS The cationic liposome/pVAX-miR-143 complex (CL-pVAX-miR-143) was prepared and its biodistribution was assessed. The tumor suppression effects of CL-pVAX-miR-143 were evaluated in early-stage and advanced experimental lung cancer metastasis mice models by systemic delivery, respectively, and also in subcutaneous tumor models by intratumoral injection. The toxicity of CL-pVAX-miR-143 was assessed by H&E analysis and biochemical measurements. The preliminary mechanism of CL-pVAX-miR-143 on tumor suppression was explored by immunochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS The assays on the stability and safety of CL-pVAX-miR-143 showed that it mainly accumulated in the lung after systemic administration. The intratumoral delivery of CL-pVAX-miR-143 effectively inhibited A549 subcutaneous tumor growth. Notably, systemic delivery of CL-pVAX-miR-143 significantly inhibited tumor metastasis and prolonged survival dose dependently in early-stage experimental lung cancer metastasis models. More importantly, same results were shown in advanced mice models with metastasis. CL-pVAX-miR-143 treatment did not induce obvious acute toxicity. The preliminary mechanism on inhibiting tumor metastasis might be induced by targeting CD44v3. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that CL-pVAX-miR-143 might be a promising strategy for clinical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, especially for advanced NSCLC with metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Street, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oroxin B Induces Apoptosis by Down-Regulating MicroRNA-221 Resulting in the Inactivation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Pathway in Liver Cancer. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234384. [PMID: 31801250 PMCID: PMC6930563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the anticancer effect of Oroxin B (OB) both in vitro and in vivo, and the molecular mechanism involved in microRNA-221 and the PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway through modulation of apoptosis in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DEN-induced rats and HepG2 cells based on the microfluidic chip were employed, while the mRNA and protein expression of microRNA-221, PI3K, p-Akt and PTEN were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Based on Microfluidic Chip and DEN-induced rat model, OB effectively exerts anti-liver cancer effect both in vitro and in vivo, and the expression of miR-221 in OB treated groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (** p < 0.01). The RT-PCR and Western blot results suggested the PI3K mRNA and protein in OB treated groups were both lower than those in control group and indicated the overexpression of PTEN. Therefore, OB effectively exerts anticancer effects by positively regulating the PTEN gene and then inactivating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through down-regulating the expression of the microRNA-221, thereby inducing apoptosis of liver cancer cells. This study offers a theoretical evidence for further development and clinical guidance of OB as an anti-tumor agent.
Collapse
|
32
|
mir-101-3p Downregulation Promotes Fibrogenesis by Facilitating Hepatic Stellate Cell Transdifferentiation During Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112597. [PMID: 31671785 PMCID: PMC6893471 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate cell-to-cell communication between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), may intertwine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether epigenetics and environmental factors interact to promote progressive NAFLD during IR. We examined the miRNA signature in insulin receptor haploinsufficient (InsR+/−) and wild-type (wt) HSCs by RNAseq (n = 4 per group). Then, we evaluated their impact in an IR-NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) model (InsR+/− mice fed standard or methionine choline deficient (MCD) diet, n = 10 per group) and in vitro. InsR+/− HSCs displayed 36 differentially expressed miRNAs (p < 0.05 vs. wt), whose expression was then analyzed in the liver of InsR+/− mice fed an MCD diet. We found that miR-101-3p negatively associated with both InsR+/− genotype and MCD (p < 0.05) and the histological spectrum of liver damage (p < 0.01). miR-101-3p was reduced in InsR+/− hepatocytes and HSCs and even more in InsR+/− cells exposed to insulin (0.33 µM) and fatty acids (0.25 mM), resembling the IR-NASH model. Conversely, insulin induced miR-101-3p expression in wt cells but not in InsR+/− ones (p < 0.05). In conclusion, IR combined with diet-induced liver injury favors miR-101-3p downregulation, which may promote progressive NAFLD through HSC and hepatocyte transdifferentiation and proliferation.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abdi J, Rastgoo N, Chen Y, Chen GA, Chang H. Ectopic expression of BIRC5-targeting miR-101-3p overcomes bone marrow stroma-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:975. [PMID: 31638931 PMCID: PMC6805455 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) cells gain protection against drugs through interaction with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). This form of resistance largely accounts for resistance to therapy in MM patients which warrants further exploration to identify more potential therapeutic targets. Methods We performed miRNA/mRNA qPCR arrays and western blotting to analyze transcriptional and translational changes in MM cells co-cultured with BMSCs. Drug cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MMGFP-BMSC co-cultures were measured using fluorescence plate reader and flowcytometry, respectively. miRNA was overexpressed in MM cell lines using Lentiviral transduction, miRNA-3’UTR binding was examined using luciferase assay. Results We found that BMSCs downregulated miR-101-3p and upregulated survivin (BIRC5) in MM cells. Survivin was downregulated by miR-101-3p overexpression and found to be a direct target of miR-101-3p using 3’UTR luciferase assay. Overexpression of survivin increased viability of MM cells in the presence of anti-myeloma drugs, and miR-101-3p inhibition by anti-miR against miR-101-3p upregulated survivin. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-101-3p or silencing of survivin triggered apoptosis in MM cells and sensitized them to anti-myeloma drugs in the presence of BMSCs overcoming the stroma-induced drug resistance. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that BMSC-induced resistance to drugs is associated with survivin upregulation which is a direct target of miR-101-3p. This study also identifies miR-101-3p-survivin interaction as a druggable target involved in stroma-mediated drug resistance in MM and suggests it for developing more efficient therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Abdi
- Dept. of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Nasrin Rastgoo
- Dept. of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Dept. of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Guo An Chen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Dept. of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada. .,Dept. of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Smit KN, Chang J, Derks K, Vaarwater J, Brands T, Verdijk RM, Wiemer EAC, Mensink HW, Pothof J, de Klein A, Kilic E. Aberrant MicroRNA Expression and Its Implications for Uveal Melanoma Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060815. [PMID: 31212861 PMCID: PMC6628189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequently found primary intra-ocular tumor in adults. It is a highly aggressive cancer that causes metastasis-related mortality in up to half of the patients. Many independent studies have reported somatic genetic changes associated with high metastatic risk, such as monosomy of chromosome 3 and mutations in BAP1. Still, the mechanisms that drive metastatic spread are largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the potential role of microRNAs in the metastasis of UM. Using a next-generation sequencing approach in 26 UM samples we identified thirteen differentially expressed microRNAs between high-risk UM and low/intermediate-risk UM, including the known oncomirs microRNA-17-5p, microRNA-21-5p, and miR-151a-3p. Integration of the differentially expressed microRNAs with expression data of predicted target genes revealed 106 genes likely to be affected by aberrant microRNA expression. These genes were involved in pathways such as cell cycle regulation, EGF signaling and EIF2 signaling. Our findings demonstrate that aberrant microRNA expression in UM may affect the expression of genes in a variety of cancer-related pathways. This implies that some microRNAs can be responsible for UM metastasis and are promising potential targets for future treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra N Smit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Kasper Derks
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolanda Vaarwater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Brands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Section Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik A C Wiemer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Joris Pothof
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Emine Kilic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Si W, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Zhang Y. The coordination between ZNF217 and LSD1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progress and is negatively regulated by miR-101. Exp Cell Res 2019; 379:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
36
|
Zhang X, Du L, Qiao Y, Zhang X, Zheng W, Wu Q, Chen Y, Zhu G, Liu Y, Bian Z, Guo S, Yang Y, Ma L, Yu Y, Pan Q, Sun F, Wang J. Ferroptosis is governed by differential regulation of transcription in liver cancer. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101211. [PMID: 31108460 PMCID: PMC6526247 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an outcome of metabolic disorders and closely linked to liver cancer. However, the mechanism underlying the fine regulation of ferroptosis in liver cancer remains unclear. Here, we have identified two categories of genes: ferroptosis up-regulated factors (FUF) and ferroptosis down-regulated factors (FDF), which stimulate and suppress ferroptosis by affecting the synthesis of GSH. Furthermore, FUF are controlled by one transcription factor HIC1, while FDF controlled by another transcription factor HNF4A. Occurrence of ferroptosis might depend on the histone acetyltransferase KAT2B. Upon stimulation of ferroptosis, dissociation of KAT2B prevents HNF4A from binding to the FDF promoter. This effect happens prior to the recruitment of KAT2B to the FUF promoter, which facilitates HIC1 binding to transcribe FUF. Clinically, HIC1 and HNF4A conversely correlate with tumor stage in liver cancer. Patients with lower HIC1 and higher HNF4A exhibit poorer prognostic outcomes. Disrupting the balance between HIC1 and HNF4A might be helpful in treating liver cancer. Opposite gene expression profiles trigged by ferroptosis are identified. Reduction of GSH is the major cause of inducing ferroptosis in liver cancer cells. Genes related to ferroptosis are controlled by transcription factors HIC1 and HNF4A. Stimulation of ferroptosis breaks the balance between HIC1 and HNF4A. Lower HIC1 with higher HNF4A has poorer clinical outcomes in liver cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong province, China
| | - Yongxia Qiao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaobai Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weisheng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhixuan Bian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Susu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yueyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Tumors, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Espelt MV, Bacigalupo ML, Carabias P, Troncoso MF. MicroRNAs contribute to ATP-binding cassette transporter- and autophagy-mediated chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:344-358. [PMID: 31114639 PMCID: PMC6504855 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i4.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has an elevated mortality rate, largely because of high recurrence and metastasis. Additionally, the main obstacle during treatment of HCC is that patients usually develop resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer drug resistance involves many different mechanisms, including alterations in drug metabolism and processing, impairment of the apoptotic machine, activation of cell survival signaling, decreased drug sensitivity and autophagy, among others. Nowadays, miRNAs are emerging as master regulators of normal physiology- and tumor-related gene expression. In HCC, aberrant expression of many miRNAs leads to chemoresistance. Herein, we particularly analyzed miRNA impact on HCC resistance to drug therapy. Certain miRNAs target ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter genes. As most of these miRNAs are downregulated in HCC, transporter levels increase and intracellular drug accumulation decrease, turning cells less sensitive to death. Others miRNAs target autophagy-related gene expression, inhibiting autophagy and acting as tumor suppressors. Nevertheless, due to its downregulation in HCC, these miRNAs do not inhibit autophagy or tumor growth and, resistance is favored. Concluding, modulation of ABC transporter and/or autophagy-related gene expression or function by miRNAs could be determinant for HCC cell survival under chemotherapeutic drug treatment. Undoubtedly, more insights on the biological processes, signaling pathways and/or molecular mechanisms regulated by miRNAs are needed. Anyway, miRNA-based therapy together with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs has a great future in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María V Espelt
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - María L Bacigalupo
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Pablo Carabias
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - María F Troncoso
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang Y, Tang B, Song J, Yu S, Li Y, Su H, He S. Lnc-PDZD7 contributes to stemness properties and chemosensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma through EZH2-mediated ATOH8 transcriptional repression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:92. [PMID: 30786928 PMCID: PMC6381703 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with stemness features are pivotal for tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and progression. Long non-coding RNAs have been implicated in the regulation of HCC stemness features; however, their mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that Lnc-PDZD7 is a potential oncogene. We systematically analyzed the clinical significance and mechanism of Lnc-PDZD7 in stemness and chemosensitivity regulation. Methods We analyzed the Lnc-PDZD7 expression levels in liver cancer tissues and cell line by qRT-PCR and In situ hybridization. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to investigate the biological functions of Lnc-PDZD7 in stemness and chemosensitivity regulation. Bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate that Lnc-PDZD7 competitively regulates EZH2, Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, bisulfite genomic sequencing and Western blot were performed to evaluate the mechanisms of EZH2 repressing ATOH8. Results Lnc-PDZD7 is frequently upregulated in HCC tissues. Patients with high Lnc-PDZD7 expression had poorer prognoses and a poor response to adjuvant TACE therapy. Lnc-PDZD7 could promote stemness features and suppress the sensitivity of HCC cells to anticancer drugs in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Lnc-PDZD7 functioned as a molecular sponge for miR-101, antagonizing its ability to repress EZH2 expression. Subsequently, EZH2 can further inhibit the expression of the stemness regulator ATOH8 via elevating its H3K27 trimethylation and DNA methylation. Conclusion Lnc-PDZD7 promotes stemness properties and suppresses chemosensitivity though the miR-101/EZH2/ATOH8 pathway, providing new biomarkers for diagnosis and potential drug targets for HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1106-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Shuiping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Songqing He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zheng XB, Liu HS, Zhang LJ, Liu XH, Zhong XL, Zhou C, Hu T, Wu XR, Hu JC, Lian L, Deng QL, Chen YF, Ke J, He XW, Wu XJ, He XS, Lan P. Engulfment and Cell Motility Protein 1 Protects Against DSS-induced Colonic Injury in Mice via Rac1 Activation. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:100-114. [PMID: 30219846 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mucosal healing is an emerging therapeutic goal that could result in clinical remission of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We sought to determine the role of engulfment and cell motility protein 1 [ELMO1] in wound healing in vitro and in vivo and to investigate the underlying pathways. METHODS RNA transcriptome sequencing was performed to detect the expression profiles of mRNA between inflamed tissues and corresponding non-inflamed tissues of IBD patients, followed by Gene Expression Omnibus [GEO] datasets and western blot analysis. The effects of ELMO1 overexpression or knockdown on cell migration and proliferation were determined. The dependence of these effects on Rac1 was assessed using a Rac1 inhibitor [NSC23766] and a Rac1 pull-down assay. We identified the underlying pathways involved by Gene Ontology [GO] analysis. A dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced colitis model was established to evaluate the role of ELMO1 in colonic mucosal healing. RESULTS ELMO1 was upregulated in inflamed tissues compared with corresponding non-inflamed tissues. ELMO1 overexpression increased cell migration in a Rac1-dependent manner. Depletion of ELMO1, or NSC23766 administration, abolished this effect. GO analysis revealed that ELMO1 overexpression preferentially affected pathways involved in cytoskeletal regulation and wound healing, which was demonstrated by enhanced F-actin staining and increased numbers of extending lamellipodia in cells overexpressing ELMO1. In DSS-induced colitis, systemic delivery of pSin-EF2-ELMO1-Pur attenuated colonic inflammation and promoted recovery from colonic injury. The protective effect of ELMO1 was dependent on Rac1 activation. CONCLUSIONS ELMO1 protects against DSS-induced colonic injury in mice through its effect on epithelial migration via Rac1 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Shan Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Long-Juan Zhang
- Laboratory of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhong
- Joint Cardiac Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tuo Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Rui Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Cong Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Lian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Ling Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Feng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Wen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jiang M, Xu B, Li X, Shang Y, Chu Y, Wang W, Chen D, Wu N, Hu S, Zhang S, Li M, Wu K, Yang X, Liang J, Nie Y, Fan D. O-GlcNAcylation promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via the miR-101-O-GlcNAc/EZH2 regulatory feedback circuit. Oncogene 2019; 38:301-316. [PMID: 30093632 PMCID: PMC6336687 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is extremely low. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered essential for metastatic CRC, but the fundamental molecular basis underlying this effect remains unknown. Here, we identified that O-GlcNAcylation, a unique posttranslational modification (PTM) involved in cancer metabolic reprogramming, increased the metastatic capability of CRC. The levels of O-GlcNAcylation were increased in the metastatic CRC tissues and cell lines, which likely promoted the EMT by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. The CRC patients with higher levels of O-GlcNAcylation exhibited greater lymph node metastasis potential and lower overall survival. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that both O-GlcNAcylation transferase (OGT) and EZH2 are posttranscriptionally inhibited by microRNA-101. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation and H3K27me3 modification in the miR-101 promoter region further inhibited the transcription of miR-101, resulting in the upregulation of OGT and EZH2 in metastatic CRC, thus forming a vicious cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation, which is negatively regulated by microRNA-101, likely promotes CRC metastasis by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. Reducing O-GlcNAcylation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzuo Jiang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Chen
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengbin Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of molecular cellular and developmental biology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Jie Liang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen L, Long Y, Han Z, Yuan Z, Liu W, Yang F, Li T, Shu L, Zhong Y. MicroRNA-101 inhibits cell migration and invasion in bladder cancer via targeting FZD4. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1476-1485. [PMID: 30680031 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of microRNAs (miRs) has been implicated in the development and progression of various human cancers. Our previous study demonstrated that miR-101 inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion through inhibition of c-FOS expression. As an miR generally has many targets, other targets of miR-101 may also serve important roles in bladder cancer progression. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to examine mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to study cell migration and invasion, respectively. The luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify one of the targets of miR-101. The data in the present study indicate that the expression of miR-101 is significantly reduced in bladder cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent non-tumour tissues. In addition, miR-101 expression is also downregulated in bladder cancer cell lines compared with that in normal bladder epithelial cells. Furthermore, low expression of miR-101 was significantly associated with tumour metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and poor prognosis in bladder cancer. Frizzled class receptor 4 (FZD4) was identified as a novel target of miR-101 in bladder cancer cells. The expression of FZD4 was significantly upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. Both miR-101 overexpression and FZD4 inhibition caused a significant reduction of the migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells, whereas overexpression of FZD4 reversed the suppressive effects of miR-101 on bladder cancer cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that miR-101 downregulation is associated with bladder cancer progression and that miR-101 can inhibit bladder cancer cell migration and invasion via directly targeting FZD4. The present study expands the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying bladder cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Yongqi Long
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Han
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhou Yuan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Liu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Linfei Shu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Yunying Zhong
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen WH, Cai MY, Zhang JX, Wang FW, Tang LQ, Liao YJ, Jin XH, Wang CY, Guo L, Jiang YG, Ren CP, Mai HQ, Zeng MS, Kung HF, Qian CN, Xie D. FMNL1 mediates nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell aggressiveness by epigenetically upregulating MTA1. Oncogene 2018; 37:6243-6258. [PMID: 30013189 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that formin-like protein 1 (FMNL1) plays an important role in the pathogenic process of several hematopoietic malignancies. In this study, we performed a series of in vivo and in vitro assays to elucidate the biological functions of FMNL1 and underlying mechanisms in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) pathogenesis. Herein, we report that high expression of FMNL1 in NPC is positively associated with an aggressive disease and/or poor patient survival. Ectopic overexpression of FMNL1 in NPC cells substantially promoted cell invadopodia formation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasiveness, whereas depletion of FMNL1 potently suppressed NPC cells invadopodia formation, EMT, and invasive/metastatic capacities. We further show that FMNL1 could enhance NPC cell aggressiveness by increasing a key downstream target, the metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) gene. Importantly, ectopic overexpression of FMNL1 in NPC cells markedly improved the binding of HDAC1 with Profilin2 in the cytoplasm and suppressed the enrichment of HDAC1 on the promoter of MTA1 and thereby, leading to an increased MTA1 transcription and expression. Furthermore, in addition to the amplification of FMNL1 gene, decreased level of miR-16 in NPCs is another critical mechanism to upregulate FMNL1 expression. These results, collectively, provide first-line of evidences that high expression of FMNL1, resulted from decreased miR-16 and/or MTA1 amplification, has a potent oncogenic role to drive the development and aggressive process of NPC by upregulating MTA1, and FMNL1 might be employed as a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for human NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Quan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ji Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Han Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Guo Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Ping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
He D, Yue Z, Li G, Chen L, Feng H, Sun J. Low Serum Levels of miR-101 Are Associated with Poor Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Patients After Curative Resection. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7475-7481. [PMID: 30341274 PMCID: PMC6204656 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies showed low expression of microRNA (miR)-101 in various malignancies. However, the association of serum miR-101 and colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. We investigated diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum miR-101 in CRC. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 263 consecutive CRC patients and 126 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Serum miR-101 levels were measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. The association between serum miR-101 level and survival outcome was analyzed. RESULTS Serum miR-101 in CRC patients was significantly lower than in healthy volunteers (P<0.001). Low serum miR-101 level was significantly associated with advanced cancer stage. Moreover, survival analysis demonstrated that patients with a low serum miR-101 had poorer 5-year overall survival than patients with a high serum miR-101 level (p=0.041). Serum miR-101 level also were confirmed as an independent risk factor for CRC in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.468; 95%CI, 0.981-1.976; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum miR-101 level was significantly downregulated in CRC patients and was closely correlated with poor clinical outcome, suggesting that serum miR-101 might be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dedong He
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xin-Xiang Medical University, Xin-Xiang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongyi Yue
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xin-Xiang Medical University, Xin-Xiang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Guangjun Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xin-Xiang Medical University, Xin-Xiang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xin-Xiang Medical University, Xin-Xiang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Hailong Feng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xin-Xiang Medical University, Xin-Xiang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Scientific Research and Postgraduate Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Xin-Xiang Medical University, Xin-Xiang, Henan, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Athuluri-Divakar SK, Hoshida Y. Generic chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1440:23-35. [PMID: 30221358 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic fibrotic liver disease caused by viral or metabolic etiologies is a high-risk condition for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Even after curative treatment of early-stage HCC tumor, the carcinogenic microenvironment persists in the remnant diseased liver and supports the development of de novo HCC tumors (de novo HCC recurrence). Therefore, prevention of HCC development in patients at risk of not only first-primary but also second-primary HCC tumors is theoretically the most impactful strategy to improve patient prognosis. However, no such therapy has been established to date. One major challenge is the identification of clinically relevant targets that can be achieved by utilizing the reverse-engineering strategy of chemoprevention discovery, which integrates omics information from clinical cohorts with completed follow-up for cancer development. Clinical and experimental studies have suggested etiology-specific and generic candidate HCC chemoprevention strategies, including statins, antidiabetic drugs, selective molecular targeted agents, and dietary and nutritional substances. Clinical testing of the candidate compounds can be cost-effectively performed by combining it with HCC risk biomarker evaluation to specify the target patient population most likely to benefit from the therapy. Nontoxic, generic agents will have broad clinical applicability across the diverse HCC etiologies and clinical contexts and are expected to substantially improve the still dismal prognosis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krishna Athuluri-Divakar
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gong W, Qie S, Huang P, Xi J. Deletion of long noncoding RNA EFNA3 aggravates hypoxia-induced injury in PC-12 cells by upregulation of miR-101a. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:836-847. [PMID: 30125989 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in several neurological pathogenesis conditions including cerebral ischemia. In the current study, the functions of lncRNA EFNA3 on hypoxia-injured rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells and the underlying molecular mechanism were studied. The expression of lncRNA EFNA3 was silenced by short hairpin RNA transfection, after which the cells were subjected with hypoxia. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were, respectively, determined by trypan blue staining, Transwell assay, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) double-staining, and Western blot analysis. The cross regulation between lncRNA EFNA3 and miR-101a, as well as between miR-101a and Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) were detected by performing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase activity assay, and Western blot analysis. Studies showed that lncRNA EFNA3 was highly expressed in response to hypoxia. Deletion of lncRNA EFNA3 significantly aggravated hypoxia-induced injury in PC-12 cells, as the impairment of cell viability, migration, and invasion, and the inducement of apoptosis. LncRNA EFNA3 worked as a sponging molecule for miR-101a and miR-101a suppression-protected PC-12 cells against hypoxia-induced injury even when lncRNA EFNA3 was silenced. ROCK2 was a target gene of miR-101a. ROCK2 overexpression exhibited neuroprotective activities. Besides, ROCK2 overexpression activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway whereas it deactivated JAK/STAT pathway upon hypoxia. Our study suggests that deletion of lncRNA EFNA3 aggravates hypoxia-induced injury in PC-12 cells by upregulating miR-101a, which further targets ROCK2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Gong
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Qie
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peiling Huang
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medicine Academy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Xi
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nie X, Liu Y, Chen WD, Wang YD. Interplay of miRNAs and Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:657. [PMID: 29977206 PMCID: PMC6021530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide and the activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway is universal in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. MicroRNAs are found to participate in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating or inhibiting components in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Meanwhile, transcriptional activation of microRNAs by canonical Wnt signaling pathway also contributes to the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacological inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis and other cancers by microRNAs are now in clinical trials despite the challenges of identifying efficient microRNAs candidates and safe delivery vehicles. The focus of this review is on the interplay mechanisms between microRNAs and canonical Wnt signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma, and a deep understanding of the crosstalk will promote to develop a better management of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yiran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Antognelli C, Cecchetti R, Riuzzi F, Peirce MJ, Talesa VN. Glyoxalase 1 sustains the metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer cells via EMT control. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2865-2883. [PMID: 29504694 PMCID: PMC5908125 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Effective therapeutic intervention in metastatic PCa is undermined by our poor understanding of its molecular aetiology. Defining the mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis may lead to insights into how to decrease morbidity and mortality in this disease. Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is the detoxification enzyme of methylglyoxal (MG), a potent precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) and argpyrimidine (AP) are AGEs originating from MG-mediated post-translational modification of proteins at arginine residues. AP is involved in the control of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial determinant of cancer metastasis and invasion, whose regulation mechanisms in malignant cells are still emerging. Here, we uncover a novel mechanism linking Glo1 to the maintenance of the metastatic phenotype of PCa cells by controlling EMT by engaging the tumour suppressor miR-101, MG-H1-AP and TGF-β1/Smad signalling. Moreover, circulating levels of Glo1, miR-101, MG-H1-AP and TGF-β1 in patients with metastatic compared with non-metastatic PCa support our in vitro results, demonstrating their clinical relevance. We suggest that Glo1, together with miR-101, might be potential therapeutic targets for metastatic PCa, possibly by metformin administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Rodolfo Cecchetti
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Matthew J. Peirce
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Barbier J, Chen X, Sanchez G, Cai M, Helsmoortel M, Higuchi T, Giraud P, Contreras X, Yuan G, Feng Z, Nait-Saidi R, Deas O, Bluy L, Judde JG, Rouquier S, Ritchie W, Sakamoto S, Xie D, Kiernan R. An NF90/NF110-mediated feedback amplification loop regulates dicer expression and controls ovarian carcinoma progression. Cell Res 2018; 28:556-571. [PMID: 29563539 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced expression of DICER, a key enzyme in the miRNA pathway, is frequently associated with aggressive, invasive disease, and poor survival in various malignancies. Regulation of DICER expression is, however, poorly understood. Here, we show that NF90/NF110 facilitates DICER expression by controlling the processing of a miRNA, miR-3173, which is embedded in DICER pre-mRNA. As miR-3173 in turn targets NF90, a feedback amplification loop controlling DICER expression is established. In a nude mouse model, NF90 overexpression reduced proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and significantly reduced tumor size and metastasis, whereas overexpression of miR-3173 dramatically increased metastasis in an NF90- and DICER-dependent manner. Clinically, low NF90 expression and high miR-3173-3p expression were found to be independent prognostic markers of poor survival in a cohort of ovarian carcinoma patients. These findings suggest that, by facilitating DICER expression, NF90 can act as a suppressor of ovarian carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Barbier
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Gene Regulation Laboratory, 141 rue de la cardonille, Montpellier, France
| | - Xin Chen
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Gene Regulation Laboratory, 141 rue de la cardonille, Montpellier, France.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Gabriel Sanchez
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Gene Regulation Laboratory, 141 rue de la cardonille, Montpellier, France
| | - Muyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Marion Helsmoortel
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Gene Regulation Laboratory, 141 rue de la cardonille, Montpellier, France
| | - Takuma Higuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Pierre Giraud
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Gene Regulation Laboratory, 141 rue de la cardonille, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Contreras
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Gene Regulation Laboratory, 141 rue de la cardonille, Montpellier, France
| | - Gangjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zihao Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rima Nait-Saidi
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Gene Regulation Laboratory, 141 rue de la cardonille, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Deas
- XenTech SAS, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry, 91000, France
| | - Lisa Bluy
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Gene Regulation Laboratory, 141 rue de la cardonille, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sylvie Rouquier
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Gene Regulation Laboratory, 141 rue de la cardonille, Montpellier, France
| | - William Ritchie
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Machine Learning and Gene Regulation Laboratory, 141 rue de la cardonille, Montpellier, 34396, France
| | - Shuji Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Rosemary Kiernan
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Gene Regulation Laboratory, 141 rue de la cardonille, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fujiwara N, Friedman SL, Goossens N, Hoshida Y. Risk factors and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine. J Hepatol 2018; 68:526-549. [PMID: 28989095 PMCID: PMC5818315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients who develop chronic fibrotic liver disease, caused by viral or metabolic aetiologies, are at a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Even after complete HCC tumour resection or ablation, the carcinogenic tissue microenvironment in the remnant liver can give rise to recurrent de novo HCC tumours, which progress into incurable, advanced-stage disease in most patients. Thus, early detection and prevention of HCC development is, in principle, the most impactful strategy to improve patient prognosis. However, a "one-size-fits-all" approach to HCC screening for early tumour detection, as recommended by clinical practice guidelines, is utilised in less than 20% of the target population, and the performance of screening modalities, including ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein, is suboptimal. Furthermore, optimal screening strategies for emerging at-risk patient populations, such as those with chronic hepatitis C after viral cure, or those with non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease remain controversial. New HCC biomarkers and imaging modalities may improve the sensitivity and specificity of HCC detection. Clinical and molecular HCC risk scores will enable precise HCC risk prediction followed by tailoured HCC screening of individual patients, maximising cost-effectiveness and optimising allocation of limited medical resources. Several aetiology-specific and generic HCC chemoprevention strategies are evolving. Epidemiological and experimental studies have identified candidate chemoprevention targets and therapies, including statins, anti-diabetic drugs, and selective molecular targeted agents, although their clinical testing has been limited by the lengthy process of cancer development that requires long-term, costly studies. Individual HCC risk prediction is expected to overcome the challenge by enabling personalised chemoprevention, targeting high-risk patients for precision HCC prevention and substantially improving the dismal prognosis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujiwara
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Nicolas Goossens
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular functions and pathological implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:137-151. [PMID: 29317776 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading lethal malignancy worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying liver carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. Over the past two decades, overwhelming evidence has demonstrated the regulatory roles of different classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in liver carcinogenesis related to a number of aetiologies, including HBV, HCV and NAFLD. Among the ncRNAs, microRNAs, which belong to a distinct class of small ncRNAs, have been proven to play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Deregulation of microRNAs has been broadly implicated in the inactivation of tumour-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes in HCC. Modern high-throughput sequencing analyses have unprecedentedly identified a very large number of non-coding transcripts. Divergent groups of long ncRNAs have been implicated in liver carcinogenesis through interactions with DNA, RNA or proteins. Overall, ncRNAs represent a burgeoning field of cancer research, and we are only beginning to understand the importance and complicity of the ncRNAs in liver carcinogenesis. In this Review, we summarize the common deregulation of small and long ncRNAs in human HCC. We also comprehensively review the pathological roles of ncRNAs in liver carcinogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and HCC metastasis and discuss the potential applications of ncRNAs as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in human HCC.
Collapse
|