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Li J, Ji Y, Chen N, Dai L, Deng H. Colitis-associated carcinogenesis: crosstalk between tumors, immune cells and gut microbiota. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:194. [PMID: 37875976 PMCID: PMC10594787 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. One of the main causes of colorectal cancer is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs), immune cells, and gut microbiota construct the main body of the colon and maintain colon homeostasis. In the development of colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis, the damage, disorder or excessive recruitment of different cells such as IECs, IMCs, immune cells and intestinal microbiota play different roles during these processes. This review aims to discuss the various roles of different cells and the crosstalk of these cells in transforming intestinal inflammation to cancer, which provides new therapeutic methods for chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and microbial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hongxin Deng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Sakamoto Y, Sasaki K, Omatsu M, Hamada K, Nakanishi Y, Itatani Y, Kawada K, Obama K, Seno H, Iwai K. Differential involvement of LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitination in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages during intestinal inflammation. J Pathol 2023; 259:304-317. [PMID: 36454102 DOI: 10.1002/path.6042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier and dysregulation of macrophages are major factors contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Activation of NF-κB and cell death are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis in a cell type-dependent manner. Although both are regulated by linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC)-mediated linear ubiquitination, the physiological relevance of linear ubiquitination to intestinal inflammation remains unexplored. Here, we used two experimental mouse models of IBD (intraperitoneal LPS and oral dextran sodium sulfate [DSS] administration) to examine the role of linear ubiquitination in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and macrophages during intestinal inflammation. We did this by deleting the linear ubiquitination activity of LUBAC specifically from IECs or macrophages. Upon LPS administration, loss of ligase activity in IECs induced mucosal inflammation and augmented IEC death. LPS-mediated death of LUBAC-defective IECs was triggered by TNF. IEC death was rescued by an anti-TNF antibody, and TNF (but not LPS) induced apoptosis of organoids derived from LUBAC-defective IECs. However, augmented TNF-mediated IEC death did not overtly affect the severity of colitis after DSS administration. By contrast, defective LUBAC ligase activity in macrophages ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by attenuating both infiltration of macrophages and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Decreased production of macrophage chemoattractant MCP-1/CCL2, as well as pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF, occurred through impaired activation of NF-κB and ERK via loss of ligase activity in macrophages. Taken together, these results indicate that both intraperitoneal LPS and oral DSS administrations are beneficial for evaluating epithelial integrity under inflammatory conditions, as well as macrophage functions in the event of an epithelial barrier breach. The data clarify the cell-specific roles of linear ubiquitination as a critical regulator of TNF-mediated epithelial integrity and macrophage pro-inflammatory responses during intestinal inflammation. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayuki Omatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kensuke Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Hu B, Toda K, Wang X, Antczak MI, Smith J, Geboers S, Nishikawa G, Li H, Dawson D, Fink S, Desai AB, Williams NS, Markowitz SD, Ready JM. Orally Bioavailable Quinoxaline Inhibitors of 15-Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) Promote Tissue Repair and Regeneration. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15327-15343. [PMID: 36322935 PMCID: PMC9885488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
15-Prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) regulates the concentration of prostaglandin E2 in vivo. Inhibitors of 15-PGDH elevate PGE2 levels and promote tissue repair and regeneration. Here, we describe a novel class of quinoxaline amides that show potent inhibition of 15-PGDH, good oral bioavailability, and protective activity in mouse models of ulcerative colitis and recovery from bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Teas75390-9038, United States
| | - Kosuke Toda
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio44106-5065, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Teas75390-9038, United States
| | - Monika I Antczak
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Teas75390-9038, United States
| | - Julianne Smith
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio44106-5065, United States
| | - Sophie Geboers
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Teas75390-9038, United States
| | - Gen Nishikawa
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio44106-5065, United States
| | - Hongyun Li
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio44106-5065, United States
| | - Dawn Dawson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio44106-5065, United States
| | - Stephen Fink
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio44106-5065, United States
| | - Amar B Desai
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio44106-5065, United States
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Teas75390-9038, United States
| | - Sanford D Markowitz
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio44106-5065, United States
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio44106, United States
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio44106, United States
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Teas75390-9038, United States
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Hancock WD, Lei X, Clines GA, Tusing YG, Nozell SE, Ramanadham S. Ca 2+-independent phospholipase A 2β-derived PGE 2 contributes to osteogenesis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 158:106605. [PMID: 34923151 PMCID: PMC8753754 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone modeling can be modulated by lipid signals such as arachidonic acid (AA) and its cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) metabolite, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which are recognized mediators of optimal bone formation. Hydrolysis of AA from membrane glycerophospholipids is catalyzed by phospholipases A2 (PLA2s). We reported that mice deficient in the Ca2+- independent PLA2beta (iPLA2β), encoded by Pla2g6, exhibit a low bone phenotype, but the cause for this remains to be identified. Here, we examined the mechanistic and molecular roles of iPLA2β in bone formation using bone marrow stromal cells and calvarial osteoblasts from WT and iPLA2β-deficient mice, and the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursor cell line. Our data reveal that transcription of osteogenic factors (Bmp2, Alpl, and Runx2) and osteogenesis are decreased with iPLA2β-deficiency. These outcomes are corroborated and recapitulated in WT cells treated with a selective inhibitor of iPLA2 β (10 μM S-BEL), and rescued in iPLA2β-deficient cells by additions of 10 μM PGE2. Further, under osteogenic conditions we find that PGE2 production is through iPLA2β activity and that this leads to induction of Runx2 and iPLA2β transcription. These findings reveal a strong link between osteogenesis and iPLA2β-derived lipids and raise the intriguing possibility that iPLA2β-derived PGE2 participates in osteogenesis and in the regulation of Runx2 and also iPLA2β.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Hancock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory A Clines
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ying G Tusing
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Susan E Nozell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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5
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Pan Y, Cao S, Terker AS, Tang J, Sasaki K, Wang Y, Niu A, Luo W, Fan X, Wang S, Wilson MH, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Myeloid cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2/E-type prostanoid receptor 4 promotes transcription factor MafB-dependent inflammatory resolution in acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2022; 101:79-91. [PMID: 34774558 PMCID: PMC8741730 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Following acute injury to the kidney, macrophages play an important role in recovery of functional and structural integrity, but organ fibrosis and progressive functional decline occur with incomplete recovery. Pro-resolving macrophages are characterized by increased cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression and this expression was selectively increased in kidney macrophages following injury and myeloid-specific COX-2 deletion inhibited recovery. Deletion of the myeloid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor, E-type prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4), mimicked effects seen with myeloid COX-2-/- deletion. PGE2-mediated EP4 activation induced expression of the transcription factor MafB in kidney macrophages, which upregulated anti-inflammatory genes and suppressed pro-inflammatory genes. Myeloid Mafb deletion recapitulated the effects seen with either myeloid COX-2 or EP4 deletion following acute kidney injury, with delayed recovery, persistent presence of pro-inflammatory kidney macrophages, and increased kidney fibrosis. Thus, our studies identified a previously unknown mechanism by which prostaglandins modulate macrophage phenotype following acute organ injury and provide new insight into mechanisms underlying detrimental kidney effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shirong Cao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew S Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kensuke Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wentian Luo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew H Wilson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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6
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Miyazaki Y, Nakamura T, Takenouchi S, Hayashi A, Omori K, Murata T. Urinary 8-iso PGF2α and 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α can be indexes of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245292. [PMID: 33503019 PMCID: PMC7840041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is needed to reduce the mortal consequence by cancer. Lipid mediators play critical role in progression of colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) and some of their metabolites are excreted in urine. Here, we attempted to find novel biomarkers in urinary lipid metabolite of a murine model of CAC. Mice were received single administration of azoxymethane (AOM) and repeated administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Lipid metabolites in their urine was measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and their colon was collected to perform morphological study. AOM and DSS caused inflammation and tumor formation in mouse colon. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based comprehensive analysis of lipid metabolites showed that cyclooxygenase-mediated arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, prostaglandins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated AA metabolites, isoprostanes, were predominantly increased in the urine of tumor-bearing mice. Among that, urinary prostaglandin (PG)E2 metabolite tetranor-PGEM and PGD2 metabolite tetranor-PGDM were significantly increased in both of urine collected at the acute phase of colitis and the carcinogenesis phase. On the other hand, two F2 isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), 8-iso PGF2α and 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α, were significantly increased only in the carcinogenesis phase. Morphological study showed that infiltrated monocytes into tumor mass strongly expressed ROS generator NADPH (p22phox). These observations suggest that urinary 8-iso PGF2α and 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α can be indexes of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Miyazaki
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakamura
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Takenouchi
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akane Hayashi
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Omori
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology and Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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EP4 receptor as a novel promising therapeutic target in colon cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153247. [PMID: 33190014 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent malignancy that can occur in the gastrointestinal tract is colon cancer. The current treatment options for colon cancer patients include chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Although the chance of curing the disease in the early stages is high, there is no cure for almost all patients with advanced and metastatic disease. It has been found that over-activation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), followed by the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in patients with colon cancer are significantly increased. The tumorigenic function of COX-2 is mainly due to its role in the production of PGE2. PGE2, as a main generated prostanoid, has an essential role in growth and survival of colon cancer cell's. PGE2 exerts various effects in colon cancer cells including enhanced expansion, angiogenesis, survival, invasion, and migration. The signaling of PGE2 via the EP4 receptor has been shown to induce colon tumorigenesis. Moreover, the expression levels of the EP4 receptor significantly affect tumor growth and development. Overexpression of EP4 by various mechanisms increases survival and tumor vasculature in colon cancer cells. It seems that the pathway starting with COX2, continuing with PGE2, and ending with EP4 can promote the spread and growth of colon cancer. Therefore, targeting the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 axis can be considered as a worthy therapeutic approach to treat colon cancer. In this review, we have examined the role and different mechanisms that the EP4 receptor is involved in the development of colon cancer.
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Hosono K, Kojo K, Narumiya S, Majima M, Ito Y. Prostaglandin E receptor EP4 stimulates lymphangiogenesis to promote mucosal healing during DSS-induced colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110264. [PMID: 32447215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the intestine, the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing lymphatic vasculature (lymphangiogenesis) is related to the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it remains unclear whether lymphangiogenesis contributes to mucosal repair after acute colitis. Prostaglandin Ereceptor EP4 suppresses the development of experimental colitis. In this study, we investigated whether EP4 exerts this effect by contributing to lymphangiogenesis, in turn promoting mucosal tissue repair, following acute colitis. We elicited experimental colitis in male C57/BL6 mice by administering dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) via the drinking water for 5 days, followed by normal water for 9 additional days. From Day 5 through Day 13, the experimental mice received a daily dose of EP4-selective agonist, EP4-selective antagonist, or vehicle. On Day 14, mice treated with vehicle had recovered 95 % of body weight and exhibited moderate increases in disease activity and histological score relative to untreated controls. Compared with vehicle, post-treatment with EP4 antagonist increased signs of colitis, colonic tissue destruction, and CD11b+ cell infiltration, associated with elevated lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and reduced percentage of lymphatic vessel area (LVA%). By contrast, post-treatment with EP4 agonist improved disease activity, suppressed CD11b+ infiltration, and decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines; these changes were associated with upregulation of lymphatic growth factors and lymphangiogenesis, as evidenced by increases in LVA% and lymphatic drainage function. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) caused a delay in mucosal repair, accompanied by impaired lymphangiogenesis. These results suggest that EP4 stimulation aids in mucosal repair from DSS-induced acute colitis by promoting lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanakako Hosono
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Kojo
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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The positive effect of selective prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 and EP4 blockade on cystogenesis in vitro is counteracted by increased kidney inflammation in vivo. Kidney Int 2020; 98:404-419. [PMID: 32622526 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease in man. The central role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in ADPKD pathogenesis has been confirmed by numerous studies including positive clinical trial data. Here, we investigated the potential role of another major regulator of renal cAMP, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in modifying disease progression in ADPKD models using selective receptor modulators to all four PGE2 receptor subtypes (EP1-4). In 3D-culture model systems utilizing dog (MDCK) and patient-derived (UCL93, OX161-C1) kidney cell lines, PGE2 strikingly promoted cystogenesis and inhibited tubulogenesis by stimulating proliferation while reducing apoptosis. The effect of PGE2 on tubulogenesis and cystogenesis in 3D-culture was mimicked or abolished by selective EP2 and EP4 agonists or antagonists but not those specific to EP1 or EP3. In a Pkd1 mouse model (Pkd1nl/nl), kidney PGE2 and COX-2 expression were increased by two-fold at the peak of disease (week four). However, Pkd1nl/nl mice treated with selective EP2 (PF-04418948) or EP4 (ONO-AE3-208) antagonists from birth for three weeks had more severe cystic disease and fibrosis associated with increased cell proliferation and macrophage infiltration. A similar effect was observed for the EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208 in a second Pkd1 model (Pax8rtTA-TetO-Cre-Pkd1f/f). Thus, despite the positive effects of slowing cyst growth in vitro, the more complex effects of inhibiting EP2 or EP4 in vivo resulted in a worse outcome, possibly related to unexpected pro-inflammatory effects.
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10
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Huang R, Wang K, Gao L, Gao W. TIMP1 Is A Potential Key Gene Associated With The Pathogenesis And Prognosis Of Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8895-8904. [PMID: 31802901 PMCID: PMC6826183 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. As a high-risk factor for CRC, ulcerative colitis (UC) has been demonstrated to lead to epithelial dysplasia, DNA damage, and eventually cancer. There are approximately 18% of patients with UC may develop CRC. Patients and methods The gene expression profiles were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was employed to conduct gene annotations. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, and further analysed by the Molecular Complex Detection. The correlation between TIMP1 and prognosis was evaluated by the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. To predict the potential functions of TIMP1, the GeneMANIA, Coremine, and FunRich were employed. After transfection with small interfering RNA targeting TIMP1, cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8, scratch wound, and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays, respectively. Results TIMP1, consistently overexpressed in the initiation and progression of UC-associated CRC (ucaCRC), was identified to be a potential biomarker for the prognosis of patients with CRC. Experimental results showed knockdown of TIMP1 could increase the migration, while did not affect the proliferation and apoptosis of RKO cells. The role of TIMP1 in the malignant transformation of ucaCRC was confirmed by using the protein/gene interactions and biological process annotation and validated by analysing the transcription factors targeting TIMP1. Conclusion TIMP1 is consistently upregulated in the pathological process of ucaCRC and can be a potential biomarker for the worse prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Huang
- Department of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijing Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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11
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Epithelial EP4 plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in colon. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15244. [PMID: 31645712 PMCID: PMC6811535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic epithelial cells comprise the mucosal barrier, and their dysfunction promotes microbial invasion from the gut lumen and induces the development of intestinal inflammation. The EP4 receptor is known to mediate the protective effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the exact role of epithelial EP4 in intestinal pathophysiology remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of epithelial EP4 in maintaining colonic homeostasis by characterizing the intestinal epithelial cell-specific EP4 knockout (EP4 cKO) mice. Mice harboring the epithelial EP4 deletion showed significantly lower colonic crypt depth and lower numbers of secretory cell lineages, as well as impaired epithelial cells in the colon. Interestingly, EP4-deficient colon epithelia showed a higher number of apoptotic cells. Consistent with the defect in mucosal barrier function of colonic epithelia and secretory cell lineages, EP4 cKO colon stroma showed enhanced immune cell infiltration, which was accompanied by increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, EP4-deficient colons were susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Our study is the first to demonstrate that epithelial EP4 loss resulted in potential “inflammatory” status under physiological conditions. These findings provided insights into the crucial role of epithelial PGE2/EP4 axis in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Dietary Supplementation with Sea Bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus) Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis and Inflammation in Macrophages through Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 4-Linked Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122907. [PMID: 31207873 PMCID: PMC6628281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) is a kind of food material commonly consumed in daily life. In traditional Chinese medicinal books, it has been indicated that sea bass can be applied for managing many inflammation-associated conditions. However, the studies on the pharmacological mechanisms of inflammation of sea bass remain scarce. Hence, this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity of sea bass. Anti-inflammatory activities of sea bass were assessed using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a mice model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages model. Low body weight and short colon length were observed in DSS-fed mice that were significantly recovered upon sea bass treatments. Moreover, the colon histopathology score showed that sea bass-treated mice had decreased crypt damage, focal inflammation infiltration and the extent of inflammation, suggesting that treatment with sea bass could attenuate intestinal inflammation. In addition, the in-vitro study conjointly indicated that sea bass could suppress the inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated macrophage by inhibiting the TLR4-linked pathway. The present findings demonstrated that sea bass has an inhibitory effect on TLR4 signaling; thus, it could be a promising candidate for treating inflammation-associated conditions. A further justification for the clinical application of sea bass in treating inflammation-associated conditions is necessary.
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Abstract
The tumor immune landscape gained considerable interest based on the knowledge that genetic aberrations in cancer cells alone are insufficient for tumor development. Macrophages are basically supporting all hallmarks of cancer and owing to their tremendous plasticity they may exert a whole spectrum of anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities. As part of the innate immune response, macrophages are armed to attack tumor cells, alone or in concert with distinct T cell subsets. However, in the tumor microenvironment, they sense nutrient and oxygen gradients, receive multiple signals, and respond to this incoming information with a phenotype shift. Often, their functional output repertoire is shifted to become tumor-supportive. Incoming and outgoing signals are chemically heterogeneous but also comprise lipid mediators. Here, we review the current understanding whereby arachidonate metabolites derived from the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways shape the macrophage phenotype in a tumor setting. We discuss these findings in the context of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression and concomitant prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation. We elaborate the multiple actions of this lipid in affecting macrophage biology, which are sensors for and generators of this lipid. Moreover, we summarize properties of 5-lipoxygenases (ALOX5) and 15-lipoxygenases (ALOX15, ALOX15B) in macrophages and clarify how these enzymes add to the role of macrophages in a dynamically changing tumor environment. This review will illustrate the potential routes how COX-2/mPGES-1 and ALOX5/-15 in macrophages contribute to the development and progression of a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Strack
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ryan G Snodgrass
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Higuchi S, Fujikawa R, Nakatsuji M, Yasui M, Ikedo T, Nagata M, Mishima K, Irie K, Matsumoto M, Yokode M, Minami M. EP 4 receptor-associated protein regulates gluconeogenesis in the liver and is associated with hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E410-E417. [PMID: 30562059 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00035.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 receptor 4-associated protein (EPRAP) is a key molecule in suppressing inflammatory responses in macrophages. EPRAP is expressed not only in macrophages but also in hepatocytes; however, the role of EPRAP in hepatocytes has not yet been defined. To examine the physiological role of hepatic EPRAP in mice, we performed the glucose tolerance test and the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in high-fat sucrose diet (HFSD)-fed wild-type (WT) and Eprap null mice. We evaluated the contribution of EPRAP to gluconeogenesis by pyruvate tolerance test and primary hepatocyte experiments. Furthermore, lentivirus-expressing Eprap-specific small-hairpin RNA was injected in db/ db mice. HFSD-fed Eprap null mice had significantly lower blood glucose levels than HFSD-fed WT mice. Eprap null mice also had low glucose levels after fasting or pyruvic acid injection. Moreover, primary hepatocytes from Eprap-deficient mice showed decreased glucose production and lower expression of the Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase and Glucose 6-phosphatase genes. Lentivirus-mediated hepatic Eprap suppression decreased glucose levels and the expression of gluconeogenic genes in db/ db mice. We conclude that EPRAP regulates gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes and is associated with hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Our data suggest that suppression of EPRAP could be a novel strategy for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Masato Nakatsuji
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Mika Yasui
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Manabu Nagata
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Keiichi Irie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Michihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
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15
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Fujikawa R, Higuchi S, Nakatsuji M, Yasui M, Ikedo T, Nagata M, Hayashi K, Yokode M, Minami M. Deficiency in EP4 Receptor-Associated Protein Ameliorates Abnormal Anxiety-Like Behavior and Brain Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28624505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are thought to play key roles in the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Overactivated microglia produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, which appear to contribute to disease progression. Previously, we reported that prostaglandin E2 type 4 receptor-associated protein (EPRAP) promotes microglial activation. We crossed human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice from strain J20+/- onto an EPRAP-deficient background to determine the role of EPRAP in AD. Behavioral tests were performed in 5-month-old male J20+/-EPRAP+/+ and J20+/-EPRAP-/- mice. EPRAP deficiency reversed the reduced anxiety of J20+/- mice but did not affect hyperactivity. No differences in spatial memory were observed between J20+/-EPRAP+/+ and J20+/-EPRAP-/- mice. In comparison with J20+/-EPRAP+/+, J20+/-EPRAP-/- mice exhibited less microglial accumulation and reductions in the Cd68 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNAs in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. No significant differences were found between the two types of mice in the amount of amyloid-β 40 or 42 in the cortex and hippocampus. J20+/-EPRAP-/- mice reversed the reduced anxiety-like behavior and had reduced microglial activation compared with J20+/-EPRAP+/+ mice. Further research is required to identify the role of EPRAP in AD, but our results indicate that EPRAP may be related to behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and inflammation in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sei Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Nakatsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mika Yasui
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Nagata
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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16
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Fujikawa R, Higuchi S, Ikedo T, Nagata M, Hayashi K, Yang T, Miyata T, Yokode M, Minami M. Behavioral abnormalities and reduced norepinephrine in EP4 receptor-associated protein (EPRAP)-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:584-588. [PMID: 28336432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
EP4 receptor-associated protein (EPRAP) is a newly identified molecule that regulates macrophage activation. We recently demonstrated the presence of EPRAP in the mice brain; however, little is known about the function of EPRAP in this tissue. Therefore, we investigated the role of EPRAP in behavior and emotion using behavioral analysis in mice. In this study, we subjected EPRAP-deficient (KO) mice and wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) mice to a battery of behavioral tests. EPRAP-KO mice tended to have shorter latencies to fall in the wire hang test, but had normal neuromuscular strength. EPRAP-KO mice exhibited elevated startle responses and reduced pre-pulse inhibition. Compared with WT mice, EPRAP-KO mice increased depression-like behavior in the forced swim test. These abnormal behaviors partially mimic symptoms of depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. Methylphenidate administration increased locomotor activity less in EPRAP-KO mice than in WT mice. Finally, levels of norepinephrine were reduced in the EPRAP-KO mouse brain. These behavioral abnormalities in EPRAP-KO mice may result from the dysfunction of monoamines, in particular, norepinephrine. Our results suggest that EPRAP participates in the pathogenesis of various behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Sei Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Nagata
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyata
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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17
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Samuchiwal SK, Balestrieri B, Raff H, Boyce JA. Endogenous prostaglandin E 2 amplifies IL-33 production by macrophages through an E prostanoid (EP) 2/EP 4-cAMP-EPAC-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8195-8206. [PMID: 28341741 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
When activated through toll-like receptors (TLRs), macrophages generate IL-33, an IL-1 family member that induces innate immune responses through ST2 signaling. LPS, a TLR4 ligand, induces macrophages to generate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through inducible COX-2 and microsomal PGE2 synthase 1 (mPGES-1) (1). We demonstrate that IL-33 production by bone marrow-derived murine macrophages (bmMFs) requires the generation of endogenous PGE2 and the intrinsic expression of EP2 receptors to amplify NF-κB-dependent, LPS-induced IL-33 expression via exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC). Compared with WT cells, bmMFs lacking either mPGES-1 or EP2 receptors displayed reduced LPS-induced IL-33 levels. A selective EP2 agonist and, to a lesser extent, EP4 receptor agonist potentiated LPS-induced IL-33 generation from both mPGES-1-null and WT bmMFs, whereas EP1 and EP3 receptor agonists were inactive. The effects of PGE2 depended on cAMP, were mimicked by an EPAC-selective agonist, and were attenuated by EPAC-selective antagonism and knockdown. LPS-induced p38 MAPK and NF-κB activations were necessary for both IL-33 production and PGE2 generation, and exogenous PGE2 partly reversed the suppression of IL-33 production caused by p38 MAPK and NF-κB inhibition. Mice lacking mPGES-1 showed lower IL-33 levels and attenuated lung inflammation in response to repetitive Alternaria inhalation challenges. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate that endogenous PGE2, EP2 receptors, and EPAC are prerequisites for maximal LPS-induced IL-33 expression and that exogenous PGE2 can amplify IL-33 production via EP2 and EP4 receptors. The ubiquitous induction of mPGES-1-dependent PGE2 may be crucial for innate immune system activation during various IL-33 driven pathologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K Samuchiwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Barbara Balestrieri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Hannah Raff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
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18
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Hamidzadeh K, Christensen SM, Dalby E, Chandrasekaran P, Mosser DM. Macrophages and the Recovery from Acute and Chronic Inflammation. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:567-592. [PMID: 27959619 PMCID: PMC5912892 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have devoted much attention to the diverse roles of macrophages and their contributions to tissue development, wound healing, and angiogenesis. What should not be lost in the discussions regarding the diverse biology of these cells is that when perturbed, macrophages are the primary contributors to potentially pathological inflammatory processes. Macrophages stand poised to rapidly produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines in response to danger signals. The production of these cytokines can initiate a cascade of inflammatory mediator release that can lead to wholesale tissue destruction. The destructive inflammatory capability of macrophages is amplified by exposure to exogenous interferon-γ, which prolongs and heightens inflammatory responses. In simple terms, macrophages can thus be viewed as incendiary devices with hair triggers waiting to detonate. We have begun to ask questions about how these cells can be regulated to mitigate the collateral destruction associated with macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Hamidzadeh
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - Stephen M Christensen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - Elizabeth Dalby
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - Prabha Chandrasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - David M Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
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19
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Sagami S, Ueno Y, Tanaka S, Fujita A, Niitsu H, Hayashi R, Hyogo H, Hinoi T, Kitadai Y, Chayama K. Choline Deficiency Causes Colonic Type II Natural Killer T (NKT) Cell Loss and Alleviates Murine Colitis under Type I NKT Cell Deficiency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169681. [PMID: 28095507 PMCID: PMC5241147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum levels of choline and its derivatives are lower in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in healthy individuals. However, the effect of choline deficiency on the severity of colitis has not been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the role of choline deficiency in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet lowered the levels of type II natural killer T (NKT) cells in the colonic lamina propria, peritoneal cavity, and mesenteric lymph nodes, and increased the levels of type II NKT cells in the livers of wild-type B6 mice compared with that in mice fed a control (CTR) diet. The gene expression pattern of the chemokine receptor CXCR6, which promotes NKT cell accumulation, varied between colon and liver in a manner dependent on the changes in the type II NKT cell levels. To examine the role of type II NKT cells in colitis under choline-deficient conditions, we assessed the severity of DSS-induced colitis in type I NKT cell-deficient (Jα18-/-) or type I and type II NKT cell-deficient (CD1d-/-) mice fed the MCD or CTR diets. The MCD diet led to amelioration of inflammation, decreases in interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 secretion, and a decrease in the number of IFN-γ and IL-4-producing NKT cells in Jα18-/- mice but not in CD1d-/- mice. Finally, adaptive transfer of lymphocytes with type II NKT cells exacerbated DSS-induced colitis in Jα18-/- mice with MCD diet. These results suggest that choline deficiency causes proinflammatory type II NKT cell loss and alleviates DSS-induced colitis. Thus, inflammation in DSS-induced colitis under choline deficiency is caused by type II NKT cell-dependent mechanisms, including decreased type II NKT cell and proinflammatory cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Sagami
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (SS); (YU)
| | - Yoshitaka Ueno
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (SS); (YU)
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Fujita
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hayashi
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Hinoi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chu-goku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kitadai
- Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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20
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Higuchi S, Fujikawa R, Ikedo T, Hayashi K, Yasui M, Nagata M, Nakatsuji M, Yokode M, Minami M. EP4 Receptor-Associated Protein in Macrophages Protects against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4436-4443. [PMID: 27799315 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive activation of inflammatory macrophages drives the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. EP4 receptor-associated protein (EPRAP) has been identified as a novel, anti-inflammatory molecule in macrophages. In this study, we investigated the role of EPRAP using a murine model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary inflammation. When compared with wild-type mice, EPRAP-deficient mice exhibited significantly higher mortality, and increased accumulation of macrophages and proinflammatory molecules in the lung 7 d post-BLM administration. Accordingly, the levels of phosphorylated p105, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 were elevated in EPRAP-deficient alveolar macrophages following BLM administration. In contrast, macrophage-specific EPRAP overexpression decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, suggesting that EPRAP in macrophages plays a key role in attenuating BLM-induced pulmonary inflammation. As EPRAP is phosphorylated after translation, we examined the role of posttranslational modifications in cellular inflammatory activation using mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing mutant EPRAP proteins. Expression of mutant EPRAP, in which serine-108 and serine-608 were replaced with alanine (EPRAP S108A/S608A), markedly suppressed TNF-α production in LPS-treated MEFs. Conversely, the serine phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor, cantharidic acid, increased LPS-induced TNF-α production in MEFs expressing wild-type EPRAP, but not in MEFs expressing EPRAP S108A/S608A. Immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that EPRAP associated with PP2A in both MEFs and alveolar macrophages from BLM-treated mice. Our data suggest that PP2A dephosphorylates EPRAP, which may be a crucial step in exertion of its anti-inflammatory properties. For these reasons, we believe the EPRAP-PP2A axis in macrophages holds the key to treating chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; and
| | - Kosuke Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; and
| | - Mika Yasui
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Nagata
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; and
| | - Masato Nakatsuji
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
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21
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Myeloid Cell Prostaglandin E2 Receptor EP4 Modulates Cytokine Production but Not Atherogenesis in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158316. [PMID: 27351842 PMCID: PMC4924840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with cardiovascular complications induced by atherosclerosis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is often raised in states of inflammation, including diabetes, and regulates inflammatory processes. In myeloid cells, a key cell type in atherosclerosis, PGE2 acts predominately through its Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 (EP4; Ptger4) to modulate inflammation. The effect of PGE2-mediated EP4 signaling specifically in myeloid cells on atherosclerosis in the presence and absence of diabetes is unknown. Because diabetes promotes atherosclerosis through increased arterial myeloid cell accumulation, we generated a myeloid cell-targeted EP4-deficient mouse model (EP4M-/-) of T1DM-accelerated atherogenesis to investigate the relationship between myeloid cell EP4, inflammatory phenotypes of myeloid cells, and atherogenesis. Diabetic mice exhibited elevated plasma PGE metabolite levels and elevated Ptger4 mRNA in macrophages, as compared with non-diabetic littermates. PGE2 increased Il6, Il1b, Il23 and Ccr7 mRNA while reducing Tnfa mRNA through EP4 in isolated myeloid cells. Consistently, the stimulatory effect of diabetes on peritoneal macrophage Il6 was mediated by PGE2-EP4, while PGE2-EP4 suppressed the effect of diabetes on Tnfa in these cells. In addition, diabetes exerted effects independent of myeloid cell EP4, including a reduction in macrophage Ccr7 levels and increased early atherogenesis characterized by relative lesional macrophage accumulation. These studies suggest that this mouse model of T1DM is associated with increased myeloid cell PGE2-EP4 signaling, which is required for the stimulatory effect of diabetes on IL-6, markedly blunts the effect of diabetes on TNF-α and does not modulate diabetes-accelerated atherogenesis.
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Fujikawa R, Higuchi S, Nakatsuji M, Yasui M, Ikedo T, Nagata M, Yokode M, Minami M. EP4 Receptor-Associated Protein in Microglia Promotes Inflammation in the Brain. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1982-1988. [PMID: 27315781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells play a key role in neuronal damage in neurodegenerative disorders. Overactivated microglia induce detrimental neurotoxic effects through the excess production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanisms of microglial activation are poorly understood. We focused on prostaglandin E2 type 4 receptor-associated protein (EPRAP), which suppresses macrophage activation. We demonstrated that EPRAP exists in microglia in the brain. Furthermore, EPRAP-deficient mice displayed less microglial accumulation, and intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA in the brains of EPRAP-deficient mice. Consistently, EPRAP-deficient microglia showed a marked decrease in the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced by LPS treatment compared with wild-type controls. In addition, EPRAP deficiency decreased microglial activation and neuronal cell death induced by intraventricular injection of kainic acid. EPRAP deficiency impaired the LPS-induced phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in microglia. The phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4-which phosphorylates c-jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-were also decreased in EPRAP-deficient microglia after LPS stimulation. Although EPRAP in macrophages plays a role in the attenuation of inflammation, EPRAP promotes proinflammatory activation of microglia through mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4-mediated signaling and may be key to the deteriorating neuronal damage brought on by brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sei Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Nakatsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mika Yasui
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Nagata
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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