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Neurath MF, Berg LJ. VAV1 as a putative therapeutic target in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:580-596. [PMID: 39060140 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) VAV1, a previously 'undruggable' protein integral to T/B lymphocyte antigen-receptor signaling, promotes actin polymerization, immunological synapse formation, T cell activation and differentiation, and cytokine production. With the development of novel modalities for targeting proteins, we hypothesize that interventions targeting VAV1 will have therapeutic potential in T and T/B cell-mediated autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. This opinion is supported by recent CRISPR-Cas9 studies showing VAV1 as a key positive regulator of T cell receptor (TCR) activation and cytokine production in primary human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; data demonstrating that loss/suppression of VAV1 regulates autoimmunity and inflammation; and promising preclinical data from T and T/B cell-mediated disease models of arthritis and colitis showing the effectiveness of selective VAV1 targeting via protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine, 1 & Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leslie J Berg
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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2
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Marrocco R, Bernard I, Joulia E, Barascud R, Dejean AS, Lesourne R, Saoudi A. Positive regulation of Vav1 by Themis controls CD4 T cell pathogenicity in a mouse model of central nervous system inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:161. [PMID: 38565808 PMCID: PMC10987373 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The susceptibility to autoimmune diseases is conditioned by the association of modest genetic alterations which altogether weaken self-tolerance. The mechanism whereby these genetic interactions modulate T-cell pathogenicity remains largely uncovered. Here, we investigated the epistatic interaction of two interacting proteins involved in T Cell Receptor signaling and which were previously associated with the development of Multiple Sclerosis. To this aim, we used mice expressing an hypomorphic variant of Vav1 (Vav1R63W), combined with a T cell-conditional deletion of Themis. We show that the combined mutations in Vav1 and Themis induce a strong attenuation of the severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), contrasting with the moderate effect of the single mutation in each of those two proteins. This genotype-dependent gradual decrease of EAE severity correlates with decreased quantity of phosphorylated Vav1 in CD4 T cells, establishing that Themis promotes the development of encephalitogenic Tconv response by enhancing Vav1 activity. We also show that the cooperative effect of Themis and Vav1 on EAE severity is independent of regulatory T cells and unrelated to the impact of Themis on thymic selection. Rather, it results from decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17, TNF and GM-CSF) and reduced T cell infiltration in the CNS. Together, our results provide a rationale to study combination of related genes, in addition to single gene association, to better understand the genetic bases of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Marrocco
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Isabelle Bernard
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Emeline Joulia
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Barascud
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Anne S Dejean
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Renaud Lesourne
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
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3
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Rump A, Ratas K, Lepasepp TK, Suurväli J, Smolander OP, Gross-Paju K, Toomsoo T, Kanellopoulos J, Rüütel Boudinot S. Sex-dependent expression levels of VAV1 and P2X7 in PBMC of multiple sclerosis patients. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13283. [PMID: 38441379 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system and the leading cause of progressive neurological disability in young adults. It decreases the patient's lifespan by about 10 years and affects women more than men. No medication entirely restricts or reverses neurological degradation. However, early diagnosis and treatment increase the possibility of a better outcome. To identify new MS biomarkers, we tested the expression of six potential markers (P2X4, P2X7, CXCR4, RGS1, RGS16 and VAV1) using qPCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of MS patients treated with interferon β (IFNβ), with glatiramer acetate (GA) or untreated. We showed that P2X7 and VAV1 are significantly induced in MS patients. In contrast, the expression of P2X4, CXCR4, RGS1 and RGS16 was not significantly modified by MS in PBMC. P2X7 and VAV1 are essentially induced in female patients, suggesting these markers are connected to sex-specific mechanisms. Strikingly, VAV1 expression is higher in healthy women than healthy men and IFNβ treatment of MS reduced VAV1 expression in female MS patients while it up-regulated VAV1 in male MS patients. Our data point to the differential, sex-dependent value of MS markers and treatment effects. Although rgs16 expression in PBMC was not a valid MS marker in patients, the strong upregulation of P2X4 and P2X7 induced in the spinal cord of WT mice by EAE was abrogated in rgs16KO mice suggesting that rgs16 is required for P2X4 and P2X7 induction by neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Rump
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristel Ratas
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Synlab, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Katarina Lepasepp
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Suurväli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Olli-Pekka Smolander
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Katrin Gross-Paju
- Department of Health Technologies, School of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- West-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Toomas Toomsoo
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
- Confido Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jean Kanellopoulos
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Sirje Rüütel Boudinot
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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Conde J, Fernández-Pisonero I, Cuadrado M, Abad A, Robles-Valero J, Bustelo XR. Distinct Roles of Vav Family Members in Adaptive and Innate Immune Models of Arthritis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:695. [PMID: 34205377 PMCID: PMC8234068 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic evidence suggests that three members of the VAV family (VAV1, VAV2 and VAV3) of signal transduction proteins could play important roles in rheumatoid arthritis. However, it is not known currently whether the inhibition of these proteins protects against this disease and, if so, the number of family members that must be eliminated to get a therapeutic impact. To address this issue, we have used a collection of single and compound Vav family knockout mice in experimental models for antigen-dependent (methylated bovine serum albumin injections) and neutrophil-dependent (Zymosan A injections) rheumatoid arthritis in mice. We show here that the specific elimination of Vav1 is sufficient to block the development of antigen-induced arthritis. This protection is likely associated with the roles of this Vav family member in the development and selection of immature T cells within the thymus as well as in the subsequent proliferation and differentiation of effector T cells. By contrast, we have found that depletion of Vav2 reduces the number of neutrophils present in the joints of Zymosan A-treated mice. Despite this, the elimination of Vav2 does not protect against the joint degeneration triggered by this experimental model. These findings indicate that Vav1 is the most important pharmacological target within this family, although its main role is limited to the protection against antigen-induced rheumatoid arthritis. They also indicate that the three Vav family proteins do not play redundant roles in these pathobiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernández-Pisonero
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Myriam Cuadrado
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Robles-Valero
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xosé R. Bustelo
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Du N, Li H, Sun C, He B, Yang T, Song H, Wang Y, Wang Y. Adult astrocytes from reptiles are resistant to proinflammatory activation via sustaining Vav1 expression. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100527. [PMID: 33705794 PMCID: PMC8065226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian astrocytes are sensitive to inflammatory stimuli in the context of neuropathology or mechanical injury, thereby affecting functional outcomes of the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, glial cells residing in the spinal cord of regenerative vertebrates exhibit a weak astroglial reaction similar to those of mammals in embryonic stages. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) participates in multiple neurological disorders by activation of glial and immune cells. However, the mechanism of astrocytes from regenerative species, such as gecko astrocytes (gAS), in resistance to MIF-mediated inflammation in the severed cords remains unclear. Here, we compared neural stem cell markers among gAS, as well as adult (rAS) and embryonic (eAS) rat astrocytes. We observed that gAS retained an immature phenotype resembling rat eAS. Proinflammatory activation of gAS with gecko (gMIF) or rat (rMIF) recombinant protein was unable to induce the production of inflammatory cytokines, despite its interaction with membrane CD74 receptor. Using cross-species screening of inflammation-related mediators from models of gMIF- and rMIF-induced gAS and rAS, we identified Vav1 as a key regulator in suppressing the inflammatory activation of gAS. The gAS with Vav1 deficiency displayed significantly restored sensitivity to inflammatory stimuli. Meanwhile, gMIF acts to promote the migration of gAS through regulation of CXCL8 following cord lesion. Taken together, our results suggest that Vav1 contributes to the regulation of astrocyte-mediated inflammation, which might be beneficial for the therapeutic development of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Du
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Chunshuai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Bingqiang He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Honghua Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China.
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6
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Engin AB, Engin A. Alzheimer's Disease and Protein Kinases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:285-321. [PMID: 33539020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and accounts for more than 60-80% of all cases of dementia. Loss of pyramidal neurons, extracellular amyloid beta (Abeta) accumulated senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles that contain hyperphosphorylated tau constitute the main pathological alterations in AD.Synaptic dysfunction and extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hyperactivation contributes to excitotoxicity in patients with AD. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Abeta promoted neurodegeneration develop through the activation of protein kinase signaling cascade in AD. Furthermore, ultimate neuronal death in AD is under control of protein kinases-related signaling pathways. In this chapter, critical check-points within the cross-talk between neuron and protein kinases have been defined regarding the initiation and progression of AD. In this context, amyloid cascade hypothesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, granulovacuolar degeneration, loss of Wnt signaling, Abeta-related synaptic alterations, prolonged calcium ions overload and NMDAR-related synaptotoxicity, damage signals hypothesis and type-3 diabetes are discussed briefly.In addition to clinical perspective of AD pathology, recommendations that might be effective in the treatment of AD patients have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Rodríguez-Fdez S, Bustelo XR. The Vav GEF Family: An Evolutionary and Functional Perspective. Cells 2019; 8:E465. [PMID: 31100928 PMCID: PMC6562523 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vav proteins play roles as guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases and signaling adaptors downstream of protein tyrosine kinases. The recent sequencing of the genomes of many species has revealed that this protein family originated in choanozoans, a group of unicellular organisms from which animal metazoans are believed to have originated from. Since then, the Vav family underwent expansions and reductions in its members during the evolutionary transitions that originated the agnates, chondrichthyes, some teleost fish, and some neoaves. Exotic members of the family harboring atypical structural domains can be also found in some invertebrate species. In this review, we will provide a phylogenetic perspective of the evolution of the Vav family. We will also pay attention to the structure, signaling properties, regulatory layers, and functions of Vav proteins in both invertebrate and vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Bernard I, Sacquin A, Kassem S, Benamar M, Colacios C, Gador M, Pérals C, Fazilleau N, Saoudi A. A Natural Variant of the Signaling Molecule Vav1 Enhances Susceptibility to Myasthenia Gravis and Influences the T Cell Receptor Repertoire. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2399. [PMID: 30410484 PMCID: PMC6210741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav1 is essential for transducing T cell receptor (TCR) signals and plays an important role in T cell development and activation. Previous genetic studies identified a natural variant of Vav1 characterized by the substitution of an arginine (R) residue by a tryptophane (W) at position 63 (Vav1R63W). This variant impacts Vav1 adaptor functions and controls susceptibility to T cell-mediated neuroinflammation. To assess the implication of this Vav1 variant on the susceptibility to antibody-mediated diseases, we used the animal model of myasthenia gravis, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). To this end, we generated a knock-in (KI) mouse model bearing a R to W substitution in the Vav1 gene (Vav1R63W) and immunized it with either torpedo acetylcholine receptor (tAChR) or the α146-162 immunodominant peptide. We observed that the Vav1R63W conferred increased susceptibility to EAMG, revealed by a higher AChR loss together with an increased production of effector cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17A, GM-CSF) by antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, as well as an increased frequency of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. This correlated with the emergence of a dominant antigen-specific T cell clone in KI mice that was not present in wild-type mice, suggesting an impact on thymic selection and/or a different clonal selection threshold following antigen encounter. Our results highlight the key role of Vav1 in the pathophysiology of EAMG and this was associated with an impact on the TCR repertoire of AChR reactive T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bernard
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Sacquin
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sahar Kassem
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Colacios
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mylène Gador
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corine Pérals
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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9
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Gaud G, Roncagalli R, Chaoui K, Bernard I, Familiades J, Colacios C, Kassem S, Monsarrat B, Burlet-Schiltz O, de Peredo AG, Malissen B, Saoudi A. The costimulatory molecule CD226 signals through VAV1 to amplify TCR signals and promote IL-17 production by CD4 + T cells. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/538/eaar3083. [PMID: 29991650 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The activation of T cells requires the guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV1. Using mice in which a tag for affinity purification was attached to endogenous VAV1 molecules, we analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry the signaling complex that assembles around activated VAV1. Fifty VAV1-binding partners were identified, most of which had not been previously reported to participate in VAV1 signaling. Among these was CD226, a costimulatory molecule of immune cells. Engagement of CD226 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of VAV1 and synergized with T cell receptor (TCR) signals to specifically enhance the production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) by primary human CD4+ T cells. Moreover, co-engagement of the TCR and a risk variant of CD226 that is associated with autoimmunity (rs763361) further enhanced VAV1 activation and IL-17 production. Thus, our study reveals that a VAV1-based, synergistic cross-talk exists between the TCR and CD226 during both physiological and pathological T cell responses and provides a rational basis for targeting CD226 for the management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gaud
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Karima Chaoui
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Julien Familiades
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Céline Colacios
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Sahar Kassem
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Bernard Monsarrat
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Anne Gonzalez de Peredo
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse 31300, France.
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Secher T, Kassem S, Benamar M, Bernard I, Boury M, Barreau F, Oswald E, Saoudi A. Oral Administration of the Probiotic Strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Reduces Susceptibility to Neuroinflammation and Repairs Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1096. [PMID: 28959254 PMCID: PMC5603654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an increasing incidence in developed countries. Recent reports suggest that modulation of the gut microbiota might be one promising therapy for MS. Here, we investigated whether the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (ECN) could modulate the outcome of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS. We evidenced that daily oral treatment with ECN, but not with the archetypal K12 E. coli strain MG1655, reduced the severity of EAE induced by immunization with the MOG35-55 peptide. This beneficial effect was associated with a decreased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and an increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by autoreactive CD4 T cells, both in peripheral lymph nodes and CNS. Interestingly, ECN-treated mice exhibited increased numbers of MOG-specific CD4+ T cells in the periphery contrasting with severely reduced numbers in the CNS, suggesting that ECN might affect T cell migration from the periphery to the CNS through a modulation of their activation and/or differentiation. In addition, we demonstrated that EAE is associated with a profound defect in the intestinal barrier function and that treatment with ECN, but not with MG1655, repaired intestinal permeability dysfunction. Collectively, our data reveal that EAE induces a disruption of the intestinal homeostasis and that ECN protects from disease and restores the intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Secher
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sahar Kassem
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michele Boury
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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