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Yu Q, Zuo X, Bai H, Zhang S, Luan J, Zhao Q, Zhao X, Feng X. Alleviative effects of the parthenolide derivative ACT001 on insulin resistance induced by sodium propionate combined with a high-fat diet and its potential mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176529. [PMID: 38554931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The increasing side effects of traditional medications used to treat type II diabetes have made research into the development of safer and more effective natural medications necessary. ACT001, a derivative of parthenolide, has been shown to have good anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects; however, its role in diabetes is unclear. The short-chain fatty acid propionate is a common food preservative that has been found to cause disturbances in glucose metabolism in mice and humans. This study aimed to investigate whether sodium propionate could aggravate insulin resistance in obese mice and cause diabetes and to study the alleviative effects and potential mechanisms of action of ACT001 on insulin resistance in diabetic mice. Type II diabetic mice were adminietered sodium propionate combined with a high-fat diet (HFD + propionate) by gavage daily for four weeks. Biochemical analysis showed that ACT001 significantly affected blood glucose concentration in diabetic mice, mainly by downregulating the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 and glucose-6-phosphatase. Meanwhile, the level of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in the liver was significantly decreased. ACT001 has a protective effect on the liver and adipose tissue of mice. In addition, the results of the running wheel experiment indicated that ACT001 alleviated the circadian rhythm disorder caused by insulin resistance to a certain extent. This study revealed the potential mechanism by which ACT001 alleviates insulin resistance and provides ideas for developing natural antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiang Zuo
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huijuan Bai
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jialu Luan
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qili Zhao
- Institute of Robotics & Automatic Information System, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Robotics & Automatic Information System, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xizeng Feng
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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2
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Smyllie NJ, Hastings MH, Patton AP. Neuron-Astrocyte Interactions and Circadian Timekeeping in Mammals. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241245307. [PMID: 38602223 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241245307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Almost every facet of our behavior and physiology varies predictably over the course of day and night, anticipating and adapting us to their associated opportunities and challenges. These rhythms are driven by endogenous biological clocks that, when deprived of environmental cues, can continue to oscillate within a period of approximately 1 day, hence circa-dian. Normally, retinal signals synchronize them to the cycle of light and darkness, but disruption of circadian organization, a common feature of modern lifestyles, carries considerable costs to health. Circadian timekeeping pivots around a cell-autonomous molecular clock, widely expressed across tissues. These cellular timers are in turn synchronized by the principal circadian clock of the brain: the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Intercellular signals make the SCN network a very powerful pacemaker. Previously, neurons were considered the sole SCN timekeepers, with glial cells playing supportive roles. New discoveries have revealed, however, that astrocytes are active partners in SCN network timekeeping, with their cell-autonomous clock regulating extracellular glutamate and GABA concentrations to control circadian cycles of SCN neuronal activity. Here, we introduce circadian timekeeping at the cellular and SCN network levels before focusing on the contributions of astrocytes and their mutual interaction with neurons in circadian control in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Smyllie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Andrew P Patton
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Xie P, Xie X, Ye C, Dean KM, Laothamatas I, Taufique SKT, Takahashi J, Yamazaki S, Xu Y, Liu Y. Mammalian circadian clock proteins form dynamic interacting microbodies distinct from phase separation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2318274120. [PMID: 38127982 PMCID: PMC10756265 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318274120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) underlies diverse biological processes. Because most LLPS studies were performed in vitro using recombinant proteins or in cells that overexpress protein, the physiological relevance of LLPS for endogenous protein is often unclear. PERIOD, the intrinsically disordered domain-rich proteins, are central mammalian circadian clock components and interact with other clock proteins in the core circadian negative feedback loop. Different core clock proteins were previously shown to form large complexes. Circadian clock studies often rely on experiments that overexpress clock proteins. Here, we show that when Per2 transgene was stably expressed in cells, PER2 protein formed nuclear phosphorylation-dependent slow-moving LLPS condensates that recruited other clock proteins. Super-resolution microscopy of endogenous PER2, however, revealed formation of circadian-controlled, rapidly diffusing nuclear microbodies that were resistant to protein concentration changes, hexanediol treatment, and loss of phosphorylation, indicating that they are distinct from the LLPS condensates caused by protein overexpression. Surprisingly, only a small fraction of endogenous PER2 microbodies transiently interact with endogenous BMAL1 and CRY1, a conclusion that was confirmed in cells and in mice tissues, suggesting an enzyme-like mechanism in the circadian negative feedback process. Together, these results demonstrate that the dynamic interactions of core clock proteins are a key feature of mammalian circadian clock mechanism and the importance of examining endogenous proteins in LLPS and circadian clock studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pancheng Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Xiaowen Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Congrong Ye
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Kevin M. Dean
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Isara Laothamatas
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9111
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9111
| | - S. K. Tahajjul Taufique
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9111
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9111
| | - Joseph Takahashi
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9111
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9111
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9111
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9111
| | - Ying Xu
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
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4
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Rogers N, Meng QJ. Tick tock, the cartilage clock. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1425-1436. [PMID: 37230460 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age-related joint disease, affecting articular cartilage and other joint structures, causing severe pain and disability. Due to a limited understanding of the underlying disease pathogenesis, there are currently no disease-modifying drugs for OA. Circadian rhythms are generated by cell-intrinsic timekeeping mechanisms which are known to dampen during ageing, increasing disease risks. In this review, we focus on one emerging area of chondrocyte biology, the circadian clocks. We first provide a historical perspective of circadian clock discoveries and the molecular underpinnings. We will then focus on the expression and functions of circadian clocks in articular cartilage, including their rhythmic target genes and pathways, links to ageing, tissue degeneration, and OA, as well as tissue niche-specific entrainment pathways. Further research into cartilage clocks and ageing may have broader implications in the understanding of OA pathogenesis, the standardization of biomarker detection, and the development of novel therapeutic routes for the prevention and management of OA and other musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Rogers
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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5
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Xie P, Xie X, Ye C, Dean KM, Laothamatas I, Taufique SKT, Takahashi J, Yamazaki S, Xu Y, Liu Y. Mammalian circadian clock proteins form dynamic interacting microbodies distinct from phase separation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.19.563153. [PMID: 37961341 PMCID: PMC10634710 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.19.563153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) underlies diverse biological processes. Because most LLPS studies were performed in vitro or in cells that overexpress protein, the physiological relevance of LLPS is unclear. PERIOD proteins are central mammalian circadian clock components and interact with other clock proteins in the core circadian negative feedback loop. Different core clock proteins were previously shown to form large complexes. Here we show that when transgene was stably expressed, PER2 formed nuclear phosphorylation-dependent LLPS condensates that recruited other clock proteins. Super-resolution microscopy of endogenous PER2, however, revealed formation of circadian-controlled, rapidly diffusing microbodies that were resistant to protein concentration changes, hexanediol treatment, and loss of phosphorylation, indicating that they are distinct from the LLPS condensates caused by overexpression. Surprisingly, only a small fraction of endogenous PER2 microbodies transiently interact with endogenous BMAL1 and CRY1, a conclusion that was confirmed in cells and in mice tissues, suggesting an enzyme-like mechanism in the circadian negative feedback process. Together, these results demonstrate that the dynamic interactions of core clock proteins is a key feature of mammalian circadian clock mechanism and the importance of examining endogenous proteins in LLPS and circadian studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pancheng Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University; Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaowen Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Congrong Ye
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kevin M. Dean
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Isara Laothamatas
- Department of Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9111, USA
| | - S K Tahajjul Taufique
- Department of Neuroscience and Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9111, USA
| | - Joseph Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9111, USA
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience and Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9111, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University; Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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6
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Hibberd TJ, Ramsay S, Spencer-Merris P, Dinning PG, Zagorodnyuk VP, Spencer NJ. Circadian rhythms in colonic function. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1239278. [PMID: 37711458 PMCID: PMC10498548 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1239278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A rhythmic expression of clock genes occurs within the cells of multiple organs and tissues throughout the body, termed "peripheral clocks." Peripheral clocks are subject to entrainment by a multitude of factors, many of which are directly or indirectly controlled by the light-entrainable clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Peripheral clocks occur in the gastrointestinal tract, notably the epithelia whose functions include regulation of absorption, permeability, and secretion of hormones; and in the myenteric plexus, which is the intrinsic neural network principally responsible for the coordination of muscular activity in the gut. This review focuses on the physiological circadian variation of major colonic functions and their entraining mechanisms, including colonic motility, absorption, hormone secretion, permeability, and pain signalling. Pathophysiological states such as irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis and their interactions with circadian rhythmicity are also described. Finally, the classic circadian hormone melatonin is discussed, which is expressed in the gut in greater quantities than the pineal gland, and whose exogenous use has been of therapeutic interest in treating colonic pathophysiological states, including those exacerbated by chronic circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Hibberd
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stewart Ramsay
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Phil G. Dinning
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Division of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Nick J. Spencer
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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7
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Haniffa S, Narain P, Hughes MA, Petković A, Šušić M, Mlambo V, Chaudhury D. Chronic social stress blunts core body temperature and molecular rhythms of Rbm3 and Cirbp in mouse lateral habenula. Open Biol 2023; 13:220380. [PMID: 37463657 PMCID: PMC10353891 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic social stress in mice causes behavioural and physiological changes that result in perturbed rhythms of body temperature, activity and sleep-wake cycle. To further understand the link between mood disorders and temperature rhythmicity in mice that are resilient or susceptible to stress, we measured core body temperature (Tcore) before and after exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). We found that Tcore amplitudes of stress-resilient and susceptible mice are dampened during exposure to CSDS. However, following CSDS, resilient mice recovered temperature amplitude faster than susceptible mice. Furthermore, the interdaily stability (IS) of temperature rhythms was fragmented in stress-exposed mice during CSDS, which recovered to control levels following stress. There were minimal changes in locomotor activity after stress exposure which correlates with regular rhythmic expression of Prok2 - an output signal of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We also determined that expression of thermosensitive genes Rbm3 and Cirbp in the lateral habenula (LHb) were blunted 1 day after CSDS. Rhythmic expression of these genes recovered 10 days later. Overall, we show that CSDS blunts Tcore and thermosensitive gene rhythms. Tcore rhythm recovery is faster in stress-resilient mice, but Rbm3 and Cirbp recovery is uniform across the phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Haniffa
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyam Narain
- Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michelle Ann Hughes
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aleksa Petković
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marko Šušić
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vongai Mlambo
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dipesh Chaudhury
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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8
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Haniffa S, Narain P, Hughes MA, Petković A, Šušić M, Mlambo V, Chaudhury D. Chronic social stress blunts core body temperature and molecular rhythms of Rbm3and Cirbpin mouse lateral habenula.. [DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.02.522528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChronic social stress in mice causes behavioral and physiological changes that result in perturbed rhythms of body temperature, activity and sleep-wake cycle. To further understand the link between mood disorders and temperature rhythmicity in mice that are resilient or susceptible to stress, we measured core body temperature (Tcore) before and after exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). We found that Tcore amplitudes of stress-resilient and susceptible mice are dampened during exposure to CSDS. However, following CSDS, resilient mice recovered temperature amplitude faster than susceptible mice. Furthermore, the interdaily stability (IS) of temperature rhythms was fragmented in stress-exposed mice during CSDS, which recovered to control levels following stress. There were minimal changes in locomotor activity after stress exposure which correlates with regular rhythmic expression ofProk2- an output signal of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We also determined that expression of thermosensitive genesRbm3andCirbpin the lateral habenula (LHb) were blunted 1-day after CSDS. Rhythmic expression of these genes recovered 10 days later. Overall, we show that CSDS blunts Tcore and thermosensitive gene rhythms. Tcore rhythm recovery is faster in stress-resilient mice, butRbm3andCirbprecovery is uniform across the phenotypes.
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9
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Bartholomai BM, Gladfelter AS, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC. PRD-2 mediates clock-regulated perinuclear localization of clock gene RNAs within the circadian cycle of Neurospora. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203078119. [PMID: 35881801 PMCID: PMC9351534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203078119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription-translation negative feedback loops underlying animal and fungal circadian clocks are remarkably similar in their molecular regulatory architecture and, although much is understood about their central mechanism, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of the gene products involved. A common feature of these circadian oscillators is a significant temporal delay between rhythmic accumulation of clock messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding negative arm proteins, for example, frq in Neurospora and Per1-3 in mammals, and the appearance of the clock protein complexes assembled from the proteins they encode. Here, we report use of single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) to show that the fraction of nuclei actively transcribing the clock gene frq changes in a circadian manner, and that these mRNAs cycle in abundance with fewer than five transcripts per nucleus at any time. Spatial point patterning statistics reveal that frq is spatially clustered near nuclei in a time of day-dependent manner and that clustering requires an RNA-binding protein, PRD-2 (PERIOD-2), recently shown also to bind to mRNA encoding another core clock component, casein kinase 1. An intrinsically disordered protein, PRD-2 displays behavior in vivo and in vitro consistent with participation in biomolecular condensates. These data are consistent with a role for phase-separating RNA-binding proteins in spatiotemporally organizing clock mRNAs to facilitate local translation and assembly of clock protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M. Bartholomai
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Amy S. Gladfelter
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jennifer J. Loros
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Jay C. Dunlap
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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10
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Li T, Zhang S, Yang Y, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Zou J. Co-regulation of circadian clock genes and microRNAs in bone metabolism. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:529-546. [PMID: 35794684 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian bone is constantly metabolized from the embryonic stage, and the maintenance of bone health depends on the dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation, mediated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. It is widely recognized that circadian clock genes can regulate bone metabolism. In recent years, the regulation of bone metabolism by non-coding RNAs has become a hotspot of research. MicroRNAs can participate in bone catabolism and anabolism by targeting key factors related to bone metabolism, including circadian clock genes. However, research in this field has been conducted only in recent years and the mechanisms involved are not yet well established. Recent studies have focused on how to target circadian clock genes to treat some diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, but few have focused on the co-regulation of circadian clock genes and microRNAs in bone metabolic diseases. Therefore, in this paper we review the progress of research on the co-regulation of bone metabolism by circadian clock genes and microRNAs, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.,School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- College of Graduate Education, Jinan Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China. ,
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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11
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Koch AA, Bagnall JS, Smyllie NJ, Begley N, Adamson AD, Fribourgh JL, Spiller DG, Meng QJ, Partch CL, Strimmer K, House TA, Hastings MH, Loudon ASI. Quantification of protein abundance and interaction defines a mechanism for operation of the circadian clock. eLife 2022; 11:73976. [PMID: 35285799 PMCID: PMC8983044 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock exerts control of daily gene expression through cycles of DNA binding. Here, we develop a quantitative model of how a finite pool of BMAL1 protein can regulate thousands of target sites over daily time scales. We used quantitative imaging to track dynamic changes in endogenous labelled proteins across peripheral tissues and the SCN. We determine the contribution of multiple rhythmic processes coordinating BMAL1 DNA binding, including cycling molecular abundance, binding affinities, and repression. We find nuclear BMAL1 concentration determines corresponding CLOCK through heterodimerisation and define a DNA residence time of this complex. Repression of CLOCK:BMAL1 is achieved through rhythmic changes to BMAL1:CRY1 association and high-affinity interactions between PER2:CRY1 which mediates CLOCK:BMAL1 displacement from DNA. Finally, stochastic modelling reveals a dual role for PER:CRY complexes in which increasing concentrations of PER2:CRY1 promotes removal of BMAL1:CLOCK from genes consequently enhancing ability to move to new target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ashton Koch
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James S Bagnall
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Smyllie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Begley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Antony D Adamson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L Fribourgh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, United States
| | - David G Spiller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie L Partch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, United States
| | - Korbinian Strimmer
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A House
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Hastings
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S I Loudon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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12
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Cryptochrome proteins regulate the circadian intracellular behavior and localization of PER2 in mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2113845119. [PMID: 35046033 PMCID: PMC8795536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113845119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian clock of the mammalian brain, coordinates cellular clocks across the organism to regulate daily rhythms of physiology and behavior. SCN timekeeping pivots around transcriptional/translational feedback loops whereby PERIOD (PER) and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) proteins associate and enter the nucleus to inhibit their own expression. The individual and interactive behaviors of PER and CRY and the mechanisms that regulate them are poorly understood. We combined fluorescence imaging of endogenous PER2 and viral vector–expressed CRY in SCN slices and show how CRYs, acting via their C terminus, control nuclear localization and mobility of PER2 to dose-dependently initiate SCN timekeeping and control its period. Our results reveal PER and CRY interactions central to the SCN clockwork. The ∼20,000 cells of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian clock of the mammalian brain, coordinate subordinate cellular clocks across the organism, driving adaptive daily rhythms of physiology and behavior. The canonical model for SCN timekeeping pivots around transcriptional/translational feedback loops (TTFL) whereby PERIOD (PER) and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) clock proteins associate and translocate to the nucleus to inhibit their own expression. The fundamental individual and interactive behaviors of PER and CRY in the SCN cellular environment and the mechanisms that regulate them are poorly understood. We therefore used confocal imaging to explore the behavior of endogenous PER2 in the SCN of PER2::Venus reporter mice, transduced with viral vectors expressing various forms of CRY1 and CRY2. In contrast to nuclear localization in wild-type SCN, in the absence of CRY proteins, PER2 was predominantly cytoplasmic and more mobile, as measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Virally expressed CRY1 or CRY2 relocalized PER2 to the nucleus, initiated SCN circadian rhythms, and determined their period. We used translational switching to control CRY1 cellular abundance and found that low levels of CRY1 resulted in minimal relocalization of PER2, but yet, remarkably, were sufficient to initiate and maintain circadian rhythmicity. Importantly, the C-terminal tail was necessary for CRY1 to localize PER2 to the nucleus and to initiate SCN rhythms. In CRY1-null SCN, CRY1Δtail opposed PER2 nuclear localization and correspondingly shortened SCN period. Through manipulation of CRY proteins, we have obtained insights into the spatiotemporal behaviors of PER and CRY sitting at the heart of the TTFL molecular mechanism.
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13
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Smith CB, van der Vinne V, McCartney E, Stowie AC, Leise TL, Martin-Burgos B, Molyneux PC, Garbutt LA, Brodsky MH, Davidson AJ, Harrington ME, Dallmann R, Weaver DR. Cell-Type-Specific Circadian Bioluminescence Rhythms in Dbp Reporter Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:53-77. [PMID: 35023384 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211069452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated physiological and molecular rhythms with a cycle length of about 24 h. Bioluminescent reporters have been exceptionally useful for studying circadian rhythms in numerous species. Here, we report development of a reporter mouse generated by modification of a widely expressed and highly rhythmic gene encoding D-site albumin promoter binding protein (Dbp). In this line of mice, firefly luciferase is expressed from the Dbp locus in a Cre recombinase-dependent manner, allowing assessment of bioluminescence rhythms in specific cellular populations. A mouse line in which luciferase expression was Cre-independent was also generated. The Dbp reporter alleles do not alter Dbp gene expression rhythms in liver or circadian locomotor activity rhythms. In vivo and ex vivo studies show the utility of the reporter alleles for monitoring rhythmicity. Our studies reveal cell-type-specific characteristics of rhythms among neuronal populations within the suprachiasmatic nuclei ex vivo. In vivo studies show Dbp-driven bioluminescence rhythms in the liver of Albumin-Cre;DbpKI/+ "liver reporter" mice. After a shift of the lighting schedule, locomotor activity achieved the proper phase relationship with the new lighting cycle more rapidly than hepatic bioluminescence did. As previously shown, restricting food access to the daytime altered the phase of hepatic rhythmicity. Our model allowed assessment of the rate of recovery from misalignment once animals were provided with food ad libitum. These studies confirm the previously demonstrated circadian misalignment following environmental perturbations and reveal the utility of this model for minimally invasive, longitudinal monitoring of rhythmicity from specific mouse tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciearra B Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Vincent van der Vinne
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Adam C Stowie
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tanya L Leise
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Lauren A Garbutt
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael H Brodsky
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Alec J Davidson
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Robert Dallmann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - David R Weaver
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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14
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Shi F, Qiu J, Zhang S, Zhao X, Feng D, Feng X. Exogenous melatonin protects preimplantation embryo development from decabromodiphenyl ethane-induced circadian rhythm disorder and endogenous melatonin reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118445. [PMID: 34737029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is a novel flame retardant that is widely used in plastics, electronic products, building materials and textiles. Our previous studies have revealed the oocyte toxicity of DBDPE, but the effect of DBDPE on preimplantation embryo development has not been reported. Here, we investigated whether and how DBDPE exposure affects preimplantation embryo development. Adult female mice were orally exposed to DBDPE (0, 5, 50, 500 μg/kg bw/day) for 14 days. First, we found that after DBDPE exposure, mice showed obvious circadian rhythm disorder. Moreover, the development of preimplantation embryos was inhibited in DBDPE-exposed mice after pregnancy. Then, we further explored and revealed that DBDPE exposure reduced the endogenous melatonin (MLT) level during pregnancy, thereby inhibiting the development of preimplantation embryos. Furthermore, we discovered that exogenous MLT supplementation (15 mg/kg bw/day) rescued the inhibition of preimplantation embryo development induced by DBDPE, and a mechanistic study demonstrated that exogenous MLT inhibited the overexpression of ROS and DNA methylation at the 5-position of cytosine (5-mC) in DBDPE-exposed preimplantation embryos. Simultaneously, MLT ameliorated the DBDPE-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP, and Trp1 expression. Additionally, MLT restored DBDPE-induced changes in zona pellucida (ZP) hardness and trophectoderm (TE) cortical tension. Finally, the protective effect of MLT on embryos ameliorated the adverse reproductive outcomes (dead fetus, fetus with abnormal liver, fetal weight loss) induced by DBDPE. Collectively, DBDPE induced preimplantation embryo damage leading to adverse reproductive outcomes, and MLT has emerged as a potential tool to rescue adverse reproductive outcomes induced by DBDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Shi
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinyu Qiu
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shaozhi Zhang
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Daofu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xizeng Feng
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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15
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Slomnicki LP, Wei G, Burke DA, Hodges ER, Myers SA, Yarberry CD, Morehouse JR, Whittemore SR, Saraswat Ohri S, Hetman M. Limited changes in locomotor recovery and unaffected white matter sparing after spinal cord contusion at different times of day. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249981. [PMID: 34813603 PMCID: PMC8610253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian gene expression rhythmicity drives diurnal oscillations of physiological processes that may determine the injury response. While outcomes of various acute injuries are affected by the time of day at which the original insult occurred, such influences on recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) are unknown. We report that mice receiving moderate, T9 contusive SCI at ZT0 (zeitgeber time 0, time of lights on) and ZT12 (time of lights off) showed similar hindlimb function recovery in the Basso mouse scale (BMS) over a 6 week post-injury period. In an independent study, no significant differences in BMS were observed after SCI at ZT18 vs. ZT6. However, the ladder walking test revealed modestly improved performance for ZT18 vs. ZT6 mice at week 6 after injury. Consistent with those minor effects on functional recovery, terminal histological analysis revealed no significant differences in white matter sparing at the injury epicenter. Likewise, blood-spinal cord barrier disruption and neuroinflammation appeared similar when analyzed at 1 week post injury at ZT6 or ZT18. Therefore, locomotor recovery after thoracic contusive SCI is not substantively modulated by the time of day at which the neurotrauma occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz P. Slomnicki
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - George Wei
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Darlene A. Burke
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Emily R. Hodges
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Myers
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Christine D. Yarberry
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Johnny R. Morehouse
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Scott R. Whittemore
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sujata Saraswat Ohri
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Michal Hetman
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Burton J, Manning CS, Rattray M, Papalopulu N, Kursawe J. Inferring kinetic parameters of oscillatory gene regulation from single cell time-series data. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210393. [PMID: 34583566 PMCID: PMC8479358 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression dynamics, such as stochastic oscillations and aperiodic fluctuations, have been associated with cell fate changes in multiple contexts, including development and cancer. Single cell live imaging of protein expression with endogenous reporters is widely used to observe such gene expression dynamics. However, the experimental investigation of regulatory mechanisms underlying the observed dynamics is challenging, since these mechanisms include complex interactions of multiple processes, including transcription, translation and protein degradation. Here, we present a Bayesian method to infer kinetic parameters of oscillatory gene expression regulation using an auto-negative feedback motif with delay. Specifically, we use a delay-adapted nonlinear Kalman filter within a Metropolis-adjusted Langevin algorithm to identify posterior probability distributions. Our method can be applied to time-series data on gene expression from single cells and is able to infer multiple parameters simultaneously. We apply it to published data on murine neural progenitor cells and show that it outperforms alternative methods. We further analyse how parameter uncertainty depends on the duration and time resolution of an imaging experiment, to make experimental design recommendations. This work demonstrates the utility of parameter inference on time course data from single cells and enables new studies on cell fate changes and population heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Burton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Cerys S. Manning
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Magnus Rattray
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nancy Papalopulu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jochen Kursawe
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
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17
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Huang Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Tang H, Zhang H, Wang C, Chen SY, Bu D, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Yuan P, Li K, Yu X, Kong W, Tang C, Jung Y, Ferreira RB, Carroll KS, Du J, Yang J, Jin H. Endogenous SO 2-dependent Smad3 redox modification controls vascular remodeling. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101898. [PMID: 33647858 PMCID: PMC7933484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) has emerged as a physiological relevant signaling molecule that plays a prominent role in regulating vascular functions. However, molecular mechanisms whereby SO2 influences its upper-stream targets have been elusive. Here we show that SO2 may mediate conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to a more potent oxidant, peroxymonosulfite, providing a pathway for activation of H2O2 to convert the thiol group of protein cysteine residues to a sulfenic acid group, aka cysteine sulfenylation. By using site-centric chemoproteomics, we quantified >1000 sulfenylation events in vascular smooth muscle cells in response to exogenous SO2. Notably, ~42% of these sulfenylated cysteines are dynamically regulated by SO2, among which is cysteine-64 of Smad3 (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3), a key transcriptional modulator of transforming growth factor β signaling. Sulfenylation of Smad3 at cysteine-64 inhibits its DNA binding activity, while mutation of this site attenuates the protective effects of SO2 on angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling and hypertension. Taken together, our findings highlight the important role of SO2 in vascular pathophysiology through a redox-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zongmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Selena Ying Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dingfang Bu
- Laboratory Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zaifeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Piaoliu Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Youngeun Jung
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Renan B Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China.
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18
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Narasimamurthy R, Virshup DM. The phosphorylation switch that regulates ticking of the circadian clock. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1133-1146. [PMID: 33545069 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In our 24/7 well-lit world, it's easy to skip or delay sleep to work, study, and play. However, our circadian rhythms are not easily fooled; the consequences of jet lag and shift work are many and severe, including metabolic, mood, and malignant disorders. The internal clock that keeps track of time has at its heart the reversible phosphorylation of the PERIOD proteins, regulated by isoforms of casein kinase 1 (CK1). In-depth biochemical, genetic, and structural studies of these kinases, their mutants, and their splice variants have combined over the past several years to provide a robust understanding of how the core clock is regulated by a phosphoswitch whereby phosphorylation of a stabilizing site on PER blocks phosphorylation of a distant phosphodegron. The recent structure of a circadian mutant form of CK1 implicates an internal activation loop switch that regulates this phosphoswitch and points to new approaches to regulation of the clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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