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Bowen MB, Melendez B, Zhang Q, Moreno D, Peralta L, Chan WK, Jeter C, Tan L, Zal MA, Lorenzi PL, Dunner K, Yang RK, Broaddus RR, Celestino J, Gokul N, Whitley E, Schmandt R, Lu K, Kim HE, Yates MS. Mitochondrial defects and metabolic vulnerabilities in Lynch syndrome-associated MSH2-deficient endometrial cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.10.596841. [PMID: 38915709 PMCID: PMC11195112 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.596841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) is defined by inherited mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes, including MSH2, and carries 60% lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer (EC). Beyond hypermutability, specific mechanisms for LS-associated endometrial carcinogenesis are not well understood. Here, we assessed the effects of MSH2 loss on EC pathogenesis using a novel mouse model (PR-Cre Msh2 flox/flox , abbreviated Msh2KO), primary cell lines established from this model, human tissues, and human EC cell lines with isogenic MSH2 knockdown. Beginning at eight months of age, 30% of Msh2KO mice exhibited endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AH), a precancerous lesion. At 12 to 16 months of age, 47% of Msh2KO mice exhibited either AH or ECs with histologic features similar to human LS-related ECs. Transcriptomic profiling of EC from Msh2KO mice revealed a transcriptomic signature for mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies in vitro and in vivo revealed mitochondrial dysfunction based upon two mechanisms: marked mitochondrial content reduction, along with pronounced disruptions to the integrity of retained mitochondria. Human LS-related ECs also exhibited mitochondrial content reduction compared with non-LS-related ECs. Functional studies revealed metabolic reprogramming of MSH2-deficient EC cells in vitro , including reduced oxidative phosphorylation and increased susceptibility to glycolysis suppression. We are the first to identify mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disruption as a consequence of MSH2 deficiency-related EC. Mitochondrial and metabolic aberrations should be evaluated as novel biomarkers for endometrial carcinogenesis or risk stratification and could serve as targets for cancer interception in women with LS. Significance This is the first study to report mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to MSH2-deficient endometrial cancer development, identifying a noncanonical pathway for MSH2 deficient carcinogenesis, which also imparts vulnerability to metabolic targeting.
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Dos Santos NSA, Estevez-Castro CF, Macedo JP, Chame DF, Castro-Gomes T, Santos-Cardoso M, Burle-Caldas GA, Covington CN, Steel PG, Smith TK, Denny PW, Teixeira SMR. Disruption of the inositol phosphorylceramide synthase gene affects Trypanosoma cruzi differentiation and infection capacity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011646. [PMID: 37729272 PMCID: PMC10545103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are essential components of all eukaryotic cellular membranes. In fungi, plants and many protozoa, the primary SL is inositol-phosphorylceramide (IPC). Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease (CD), a chronic illness for which no vaccines or effective treatments are available. IPC synthase (IPCS) has been considered an ideal target enzyme for drug development because phosphoinositol-containing SL is absent in mammalian cells and the enzyme activity has been described in all parasite forms of T. cruzi. Furthermore, IPCS is an integral membrane protein conserved amongst other kinetoplastids, including Leishmania major, for which specific inhibitors have been identified. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 protocol, we generated T. cruzi knockout (KO) mutants in which both alleles of the IPCS gene were disrupted. We demonstrated that the lack of IPCS activity does not affect epimastigote proliferation or its susceptibility to compounds that have been identified as inhibitors of the L. major IPCS. However, disruption of the T. cruzi IPCS gene negatively affected epimastigote differentiation into metacyclic trypomastigotes as well as proliferation of intracellular amastigotes and differentiation of amastigotes into tissue culture-derived trypomastigotes. In accordance with previous studies suggesting that IPC is a membrane component essential for parasite survival in the mammalian host, we showed that T. cruzi IPCS null mutants are unable to establish an infection in vivo, even in immune deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailma S A Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos F. Estevez-Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juan P. Macedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniela F. Chame
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos-Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A. Burle-Caldas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Courtney N. Covington
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Global Infectious Disease, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Global Infectious Disease, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Terry K. Smith
- BSRC School of Biology, Biomolecular Science Building, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Denny
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Global Infectious Diseases, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Santuza M. R. Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Voskarides K. Broadening the spectrum of cancer genes under selection in human populations. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:275-277. [PMID: 33842852 PMCID: PMC8019256 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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A Trypanosoma cruzi zinc finger protein that is implicated in the control of epimastigote-specific gene expression and metacyclogenesis. Parasitology 2020; 148:1171-1185. [PMID: 33190649 PMCID: PMC8312218 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi has three biochemically and morphologically distinct developmental stages that are programmed to rapidly respond to environmental changes the parasite faces during its life cycle. Unlike other eukaryotes, Trypanosomatid genomes contain protein coding genes that are transcribed into polycistronic pre-mRNAs and have their expression controlled by post-transcriptional mechanisms. Transcriptome analyses comparing three stages of the T. cruzi life cycle revealed changes in gene expression that reflect the parasite adaptation to distinct environments. Several genes encoding RNA binding proteins (RBPs), known to act as key post-transcriptional regulatory factors, were also differentially expressed. We characterized one T. cruzi RBP, named TcZH3H12, which contains a zinc finger domain and is up-regulated in epimastigotes compared to trypomastigotes and amastigotes. TcZC3H12 knockout (KO) epimastigotes showed decreased growth rates and increased capacity to differentiate into metacyclic trypomastigotes. Transcriptome analyses comparing wild type and TcZC3H12 KOs revealed a TcZC3H12-dependent expression of epimastigote-specific genes such as genes encoding amino acid transporters and proteins associated with differentiation (PADs). RNA immunoprecipitation assays showed that transcripts from the PAD family interact with TcZC3H12. Taken together, these findings suggest that TcZC3H12 positively regulates the expression of genes involved in epimastigote proliferation and also acts as a negative regulator of metacyclogenesis.
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Marco Antônio Salgado Martins T, de Figueiredo Peloso E, Costa-Silva HM, Rajão MA, Van Houten B, Machado CR, Ramos Gadelha F. Mitochondrial behavior during nuclear and mitochondrial DNA repair in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Exp Parasitol 2020; 219:108016. [PMID: 33035543 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Different genotoxic agents can lead to DNA single- and double-strand breaks, base modification and oxidation. As most living organisms, Trypanosoma cruzi is subjected to oxidative stress during its life cycle; thus, DNA repair is essential for parasite survival and establishment of infection. The mitochondrion plays important roles beyond the production of ATP. For example, it is a source of signaling molecules, such as the superoxide anion and H2O2. Since T. cruzi has only one mitochondrion, the integrity of this organelle is pivotal for parasite viability. H2O2 and methyl methanesulfonate cause DNA lesions in T. cruzi that are repaired by different DNA repair pathways. Herein, we evaluate mitochondrial involvement during the repair of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in T. cruzi epimastigotes incubated with these two genotoxic agents under conditions that induce repairable DNA damage. Overall, in both treatments, an increase in oxygen consumption rates and in mitochondrial H2O2 release was observed, as well as maintenance of ATP levels compared to control. Interestingly, these changes coincided with DNA repair kinetics, suggesting the importance of the mitochondrion for this energy-consuming process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matheus Andrade Rajão
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bennet Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rose E, Carvalho JL, Hecht M. Mechanisms of DNA repair in Trypanosoma cruzi: What do we know so far? DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 91-92:102873. [PMID: 32505694 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas Disease, which affects 6-7 million people worldwide. Since the early stages of infection and throughout its life cycle, the parasite is exposed to several genotoxic agents. Furthermore, DNA damage is also part of the mechanism of action of at least a few trypanocidal drugs, including Benznidazole. Thus, it is paramount for the parasite to count on an efficient DNA repair machinery to guarantee genome integrity and survival. The present work provides an up-to-date review of both the conserved and peculiar DNA repair mechanisms described in T. cruzi against oxidative stress, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, DNA adduct-inducing agents, and Benznidazole. The comprehension of the DNA repair mechanisms of the parasite may shed light on the parasite evolution and possibly pave the way for the development of novel and more effective trypanocidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Rose
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Grazielle-Silva V, Zeb TF, Burchmore R, Machado CR, McCulloch R, Teixeira SMR. Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi DNA Mismatch Repair Proteins Act Differently in the Response to DNA Damage Caused by Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:154. [PMID: 32373549 PMCID: PMC7176904 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MSH2, associated with MSH3 or MSH6, is a central component of the eukaryotic DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) pathway responsible for the recognition and correction of base mismatches that occur during DNA replication and recombination. Previous studies have shown that MSH2 plays an additional DNA repair role in response to oxidative damage in Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei. By performing co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry with parasites expressing tagged proteins, we confirmed that the parasites' MSH2 forms complexes with MSH3 and MSH6. To investigate the involvement of these two other MMR components in the oxidative stress response, we generated knockout mutants of MSH6 and MSH3 in T. brucei bloodstream forms and MSH6 mutants in T. cruzi epimastigotes. Differently from the phenotype observed with T. cruzi MSH2 knockout epimastigotes, loss of one or two alleles of T. cruzi msh6 resulted in increased susceptibility to H2O2 exposure, besides impaired MMR. In contrast, T. brucei msh6 or msh3 null mutants displayed increased tolerance to MNNG treatment, indicating that MMR is affected, but no difference in the response to H2O2 treatment when compared to wild type cells. Taken together, our results suggest that, while T. cruzi MSH6 and MSH2 are involved with the oxidative stress response in addition to their role as components of the MMR, the DNA repair pathway that deals with oxidative stress damage operates differently in T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Grazielle-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tehseen Fatima Zeb
- The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Burchmore
- The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Richard McCulloch
- The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Santuza M R Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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8
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Voskarides K. Combination of 247 Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveals High Cancer Risk as a Result of Evolutionary Adaptation. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:473-485. [PMID: 29220501 PMCID: PMC5850495 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of GLOBOCAN-2012 data shows clearly here that cancer incidence worldwide is highly related with low average annual temperatures and extreme low temperatures. This applies for all cancers together or separately for many frequent or rare cancer types (all cancers P = 9.49×10-18). Supporting fact is that Inuit people, living at extreme low temperatures, have the highest cancer rates today. Hypothesizing an evolutionary explanation, 240 cancer genome-wide association studies, and seven genome-wide association studies for cold and high-altitude adaptation were combined. A list of 1,377 cancer-associated genes was created to initially investigate whether cold selected genes are enriched with cancer-associated genes. Among Native Americans, Inuit and Eskimos, the highest association was observed for Native Americans (P = 6.7×10-5). An overall or a meta-analysis approach confirmed further this result. Similar approach for three populations living at extreme high altitude, revealed high association for Andeans-Tibetans (P = 1.3×10-11). Overall analysis or a meta-analysis was also significant. A separate analysis showed special selection for tumor suppressor genes. These results can be viewed along with those of previous functional studies that showed that reduced apoptosis potential due to specific p53 variants (the most important tumor suppressor gene) is beneficial in high-altitude and cold environments. In conclusion, this study shows that genetic variants selected for adaptation at extreme environmental conditions can increase cancer risk later on age. This is in accordance with antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis.
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The DNA damage response is developmentally regulated in the African trypanosome. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 73:78-90. [PMID: 30470509 PMCID: PMC6329875 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genomes are affected by a wide range of damage, which has resulted in the evolution of a number of widely conserved DNA repair pathways. Most of these repair reactions have been described in the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei, which is a genetically tractable eukaryotic microbe and important human and animal parasite, but little work has considered how the DNA damage response operates throughout the T. brucei life cycle. Using quantitative PCR we have assessed damage induction and repair in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of the parasite. We show differing kinetics of repair for three forms of DNA damage, and dramatic differences in repair between replicative life cycle forms found in the testse fly midgut and the mammal. We find that mammal-infective T. brucei cells repair oxidative and crosslink-induced DNA damage more efficiently than tsetse-infective cells and, moreover, very distinct patterns of induction and repair of DNA alkylating damage in the two life cycle forms. We also reveal robust repair of DNA lesions in the highly unusual T. brucei mitochondrial genome (the kinetoplast). By examining mutants we show that nuclear alkylation damage is repaired by the concerted action of two repair pathways, and that Rad51 acts in kinetoplast repair. Finally, we correlate repair with cell cycle arrest and cell growth, revealing that induced DNA damage has strikingly differing effects on the two life cycle stages, with distinct timing of alkylation-induced cell cycle arrest and higher levels of damage induced death in mammal-infective cells. Our data reveal that T. brucei regulates the DNA damage response during its life cycle, a capacity that may be shared by many microbial pathogens that exist in variant environments during growth and transmission.
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The in vivo and in vitro roles of Trypanosoma cruzi Rad51 in the repair of DNA double strand breaks and oxidative lesions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006875. [PMID: 30422982 PMCID: PMC6258567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Rad51 (TcRad51) is a central enzyme for homologous recombination. Here we describe the different roles of TcRad51 in DNA repair. Epimastigotes of T. cruzi overexpressing TcRAD51 presented abundant TcRad51-labeled foci before gamma irradiation treatment, and a faster growth recovery when compared to single-knockout epimastigotes for RAD51. Overexpression of RAD51 also promoted increased resistance against hydrogen peroxide treatment, while the single-knockout epimastigotes for RAD51 exhibited increased sensitivity to this oxidant agent, which indicates a role for this gene in the repair of DNA oxidative lesions. In contrast, TcRad51 was not involved in the repair of crosslink lesions promoted by UV light and cisplatin treatment. Also, RAD51 single-knockout epimastigotes showed a similar growth rate to that exhibited by wild-type ones after treatment with hydroxyurea, but an increased sensitivity to methyl methane sulfonate. Besides its role in epimastigotes, TcRad51 is also important during mammalian infection, as shown by increased detection of T. cruzi cells overexpressing RAD51, and decreased detection of single-knockout cells for RAD51, in both fibroblasts and macrophages infected with amastigotes. Besides that, RAD51-overexpressing parasites infecting mice also presented increased infectivity and higher resistance against benznidazole. We thus show that TcRad51 is involved in the repair of DNA double strands breaks and oxidative lesions in two different T. cruzi developmental stages, possibly playing an important role in the infectivity of this parasite. Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a tropical neglected illness that affects 6 million people worldwide, mostly in Latin America. Our research group focuses on the elucidation of DNA repair and metabolism of T. cruzi, and on the possible implications of those mechanisms in both parasite genetic diversity and Chagas disease development. In this work, we investigated the involvement of homologous recombination in the oxidation-induced damage response, and in DNA repair, in T. cruzi cells after gamma radiation exposure. We also examined whether TcRad51 –a key protein for homologous recombination–could be an important factor for T. cruzi’s infectivity. We generated genetically-modified T. cruzi cells for RAD51 and studied the in vitro and in vivo infectivity of these mutant cells. Our results indicate that TcRad51 is a key protein involved in the repair of oxidative and DNA double-strand breaks lesions in two crucial developmental forms of T. cruzi.
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García-Huertas P, Mejía-Jaramillo AM, Machado CR, Guimarães AC, Triana-Chávez O. Prostaglandin F2α synthase in Trypanosoma cruzi plays critical roles in oxidative stress and susceptibility to benznidazole. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170773. [PMID: 28989779 PMCID: PMC5627119 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nifurtimox (Nfx) and benznidazole (Bz) are the current drugs used for the treatment of Chagas disease. The mechanisms of action and resistance to these drugs in this parasite are poorly known. Prostaglandin F2α synthase or old yellow enzyme (OYE), an NAD(P)H flavin oxidoreductase, has been involved in the activation pathway of other trypanocidal drugs such as Nfx; however, its role in the mechanism of action of Bz is uncertain. In this paper, we performed some experiments of functional genomics in the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi with the aim to test the role of this gene in the resistance to Bz. For this, we overexpressed this gene in sensitive parasites and evaluated the resistance level to the drug and other chemical compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, methyl methanesulfonate and gamma radiation. Interestingly, parasites overexpressing OYE showed alteration of enzymes associated with oxidative stress protection such as superoxide dismutase A and trypanothione reductase. Furthermore, transfected parasites were more sensitive to drugs, genetic damage and oxidative stress. Additionally, transfected parasites were less infective than wild-type parasites and they showed higher alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle after treatment with Bz. These results supply essential information to help further the understanding of the mechanism of action of Bz in T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola García-Huertas
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana María Mejía-Jaramillo
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Inmunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Cláudia Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Inmunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
- Author for correspondence: Omar Triana-Chávez e-mail:
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García-Huertas P, Mejía-Jaramillo AM, González L, Triana-Chávez O. Transcriptome and Functional Genomics Reveal the Participation of Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase inTrypanosoma cruziResistance to Benznidazole. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1936-1945. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola García-Huertas
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI; Universidad de Antioquia; UdeA Medellín Colombia
| | - Ana María Mejía-Jaramillo
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI; Universidad de Antioquia; UdeA Medellín Colombia
| | - Laura González
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI; Universidad de Antioquia; UdeA Medellín Colombia
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI; Universidad de Antioquia; UdeA Medellín Colombia
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Burle-Caldas GA, Grazielle-Silva V, Soares-Simões M, Schumann Burkard G, Roditi I, DaRocha WD, Teixeira SM. Editing the Trypanosoma cruzi genome with zinc finger nucleases. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2017; 212:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Verissimo-Villela E, Kitahara-Oliveira MY, Reis ABDBD, Albano RM, Da-Cruz AM, Bello AR. Functional complementation of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis AP endonuclease gene (lamap) in Escherichia coli mutant strains challenged with DNA damage agents. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 111:349-54. [PMID: 27223868 PMCID: PMC4878305 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During its life cycle Leishmania spp. face several stress conditions
that can cause DNA damages. Base Excision Repair plays an important role in DNA
maintenance and it is one of the most conserved mechanisms in all living organisms.
DNA repair in trypanosomatids has been reported only for Old World
Leishmania species. Here the AP endonuclease from
Leishmania (L.) amazonensis was cloned, expressed in
Escherichia coli mutants defective on the DNA repair machinery,
that were submitted to different stress conditions, showing ability to survive in
comparison to the triple null mutant parental strain BW535. Phylogenetic and multiple
sequence analyses also confirmed that LAMAP belongs to the AP endonuclease class of
proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Verissimo-Villela
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Milene Yoko Kitahara-Oliveira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz de Bragança Dos Reis
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rodolpho Mattos Albano
- Laboratório de Genoma, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alda Maria Da-Cruz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Ribeiro Bello
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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15
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van Tong H, Brindley PJ, Meyer CG, Velavan TP. Parasite Infection, Carcinogenesis and Human Malignancy. EBioMedicine 2016; 15:12-23. [PMID: 27956028 PMCID: PMC5233816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer may be induced by many environmental and physiological conditions. Infections with viruses, bacteria and parasites have been recognized for years to be associated with human carcinogenicity. Here we review current concepts of carcinogenicity and its associations with parasitic infections. The helminth diseases schistosomiasis, opisthorchiasis, and clonorchiasis are highly carcinogenic while the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the causing agent of Chagas disease, has a dual role in the development of cancer, including both carcinogenic and anticancer properties. Although malaria per se does not appear to be causative in carcinogenesis, it is strongly associated with the occurrence of endemic Burkitt lymphoma in areas holoendemic for malaria. The initiation of Plasmodium falciparum related endemic Burkitt lymphoma requires additional transforming events induced by the Epstein-Barr virus. Observations suggest that Strongyloides stercoralis may be a relevant co-factor in HTLV-1-related T cell lymphomas. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of parasitic infection-induced carcinogenicity. The helminth diseases schistosomiasis, opisthorchiasis, and clonorchiasis are highly carcinogenic. Trypanosoma cruzi has a dual role in cancer development including both carcinogenic and anticancer properties. Initiation of Plasmodium falciparum related endemic Burkitt lymphoma requires additional transforming events induced by EBV. Strongyloides stercoralis may be a relevant co-factor in HTLV-1-related T cell lymphomas.
We searched MEDLINE database and PubMed for articles from 1970 through June 30, 2016. Search terms used in various combinations were “parasite infection”, “carcinogenesis”, “cancer”, “human malignancy”, “parasite and cancer”, “infection-associated cancer”, “parasite-associated cancer” “schistosomiasis”, “opisthorchiasis”, “malaria”, “Chagas disease”, and “strongyloidiasis”. Articles resulting from these searches and relevant references cited in those articles were selected based on their related topics and were reviewed. Abstracts and reports from meetings were also included. Articles published in English were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applied Research Center, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Health Focus GmbH, Potsdam, Germany; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Vietnamese - German Centre for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Vietnamese - German Centre for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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16
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Machado-Silva A, Cerqueira PG, Grazielle-Silva V, Gadelha FR, Peloso EDF, Teixeira SMR, Machado CR. How Trypanosoma cruzi deals with oxidative stress: Antioxidant defence and DNA repair pathways. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 767:8-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Burle-Caldas GDA, Grazielle-Silva V, Laibida LA, DaRocha WD, Teixeira SMR. Expanding the tool box for genetic manipulation of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2015; 203:25-33. [PMID: 26523948 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, an illness that affects 6-7 million people and for which there is no effective drug therapy or vaccine. The publication of its complete genome sequence allowed a rapid advance in molecular studies including in silico screening of genes involved with pathogenicity as well as molecular targets for the development of new diagnostic methods, drug therapies and prophylactic vaccines. Alongside with in silico genomic analyses, methods to study gene function in this parasite such as gene deletion, overexpression, mutant complementation and reporter gene expression have been largely explored. More recently, the use of genome-wide strategies is producing a shift towards a global perspective on gene function studies, with the examination of the expression and biological roles of gene networks in different stages of the parasite life cycle and under different contexts of host parasite interactions. Here we describe the molecular tools and protocols currently available to perform genetic manipulation of the T. cruzi genome, with emphasis on recently described strategies of gene editing that will facilitate large-scale functional genomic analyses. These new methodologies are long overdue, since more efficient protocols for genetic manipulation in T. cruzi are urgently needed for a better understanding of the biology of this parasite and molecular processes involved with the complex and often harmful, interaction with its human host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane Grazielle-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Adejani Laibida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Duarte DaRocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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