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Sun X, Du Y, Cheng Y, Guan W, Li Y, Chen H, Jia D, Wei T. Insect ribosome-rescuer Pelo-Hbs1 complex on sperm surface mediates paternal arbovirus transmission. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6817. [PMID: 39122673 PMCID: PMC11316119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses can be paternally transmitted by male insects to offspring for long-term persistence, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we use a model system of a destructive rice reovirus and its leafhopper vector to find that insect ribosome-rescuer Pelo-Hbs1 complex expressed on the sperm surface mediates paternal arbovirus transmission. This occurs through targeting virus-containing tubules constituted by viral nonstructural protein Pns11 to sperm surface via Pns11-Pelo interaction. Tubule assembly is dependent on Hsp70 activity, while Pelo-Hbs1 complex inhibits tubule assembly via suppressing Hsp70 activity. However, virus-activated ubiquitin ligase E3 mediates Pelo ubiquitinated degradation, synergistically causing Hbs1 degradation. Importantly, Pns11 effectively competes with Pelo for binding to E3, thus antagonizing E3-mediated Pelo-Hbs1 degradation. These processes cause a slight reduction of Pelo-Hbs1 complex in infected testes, promoting effective tubule assembly. Our findings provide insight into how insect sperm-specific Pelo-Hbs1 complex is modulated to promote paternal virus transmission without disrupting sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Edillo F, Ymbong RR, Navarro AO, Cabahug MM, Saavedra K. Detecting the impacts of humidity, rainfall, temperature, and season on chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes from selected sites in Cebu city, Philippines. Virol J 2024; 21:42. [PMID: 38360693 PMCID: PMC10870450 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is the secondary vector for dengue virus (DENV) in the Philippines, and also harbors chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. This study aimed to determine the minimum infection rates (MIRs) of CHIKV, DENV serotypes, and ZIKV in Ae. albopictus collected from selected two-site categories by altitude (highland [H] and lowland [L] sites) in Cebu city, Philippines during the wet (WS) and dry seasons (DS) of 2021-2022, and to explore the relationships between these arboviral MIRs and the local weather. METHODS The viral RNA extracts in pooled and reared adult Ae. albopictus collected during the DS and WS from two-site categories were subjected to RT-PCR to amplify and detect gene loci specific for CHIKV, DENV-1 to DENV-4, and ZIKV and analyzed with the weather data. RESULTS The range of CHIKV MIRs was higher in the WS (13.61-107.38 infected individuals per 1,000 mosquitoes) than in the DS (13.22-44.12), but was similar between the two-site categories. Rainfall (RF) influenced the CHIKV MIR. The MIR ranges of both DENV-2 (WS: H = 0, L = 0; DS: H = 0-5.92; L = 0-2.6) and DENV-4 (WS: H = 0, L = 0-2.90; DS: H = 2.96-6.13, L = 0-15.63) differed by season but not between the two-site categories. Relative humidity (RH), RF, and temperature did not influence DENVs' MIRs. The MIR range of ZIKV was similar in both seasons (WS: 11.36-40.27; DS: 0-46.15) and two-site categories (H = 0-90.91, L = 0-55.56). RH and temperature influenced ZIKV MIR. CONCLUSIONS RF influenced CHIKV MIR in Ae. albopictus, whereas RH and temperature influenced that of ZIKV. Season influenced the MIRs of CHIKV and DENVs but not in ZIKV. Ae. albopictus were co-infected with CHIKV, DENVs, and ZIKV in both highland and lowland sites in Cebu city. Recommendations include all-year-round implementation of the Philippine Department of Health's 4S enhanced strategy and installation of water pipelines in rural highlands for vector and disease control. Our findings are relevant to protect public health in the tropics in this climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Edillo
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos- Talamban Campus, 6000, Cebu city, Philippines.
| | - Rhoniel Ryan Ymbong
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos- Talamban Campus, 6000, Cebu city, Philippines
| | - Anthoddiemn Olin Navarro
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos- Talamban Campus, 6000, Cebu city, Philippines
- Department of Science and Technology, Science Education Institute, Taguig City, Metro Manila 1631, Philippines
| | - Maureen Mathilde Cabahug
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos- Talamban Campus, 6000, Cebu city, Philippines
| | - Kristilynn Saavedra
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos- Talamban Campus, 6000, Cebu city, Philippines
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Viral agents (2nd section). Transfusion 2024; 64 Suppl 1:S19-S207. [PMID: 38394038 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
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Kaura T, Sarkar S, Sharma V, Mewara A, Devi S, Singh N, Kaur K, Sehgal R, Ratho RK, Grover GS. Molecular detection of dengue and chikungunya viruses in surveillance of wild-caught Aedes mosquitoes in Punjab, North India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:95-101. [PMID: 37593844 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses are transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes and are responsible for a significant global healthcare burden. The current study aimed to detect arboviruses in the Aedes mosquitoes in close proximity of patients during the transmission season. METHODS Both immature and adult mosquitoes were collected from in and around the patients' houses. Mosquito pools were homogenized and extracted RNA was subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for arboviral detection. Transovarian transmission (TOT) was assessed by screening F0 adults. Mosquito positivity was correlated with the aetiological agents identified in patients. RESULTS Of 46 pools, 19 consisted of wild Aedes, with arboviral positivity in 53% (10/19) of pools. Among wild A. aegypti pools, positivity of DENV mono-infection, CHIKV mono-infection and DENV+CHIKV co-infection was noted in four, two and three pools, respectively. One wild pool of Aedes albopictus was positive for DENV-1. Similarly, A. aegypti F0 (adult Aedes developed from immatures) pools showed 59.2% (16/27) positivity for arboviruses. F0 Aedes showed positivity in three, six and seven pools for DENV-2, CHIKV and DENV+CHIKV, respectively, suggestive of TOT. DENV serotypes and CHIKV from 24 patients' serum samples were matched with strains isolated from Aedes and correlation was observed in four instances. CONCLUSIONS The study detected DENV and CHIKV from wild-caught Aedes and found evidence of DENV and CHIKV TOT in F0 adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Kaura
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Subhabrata Sarkar
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vikrant Sharma
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Abhishek Mewara
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Seema Devi
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Punjab, India
| | | | - Kanwalpreet Kaur
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - R K Ratho
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Janjoter S, Kataria D, Yadav M, Dahiya N, Sehrawat N. Transovarial transmission of mosquito-borne viruses: a systematic review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1304938. [PMID: 38235494 PMCID: PMC10791847 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1304938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A number of mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs), such as dengue virus (DENV), zika virus (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and yellow fever virus (YFV) exert adverse health impacts on the global population. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the prime vectors responsible for the transmission of these viruses. The viruses have acquired a number of routes for successful transmission, including horizontal and vertical transmission. Transovarial transmission is a subset/type of vertical transmission adopted by mosquitoes for the transmission of viruses from females to their offspring through eggs/ovaries. It provides a mechanism for these MBVs to persist and maintain their lineage during adverse climatic conditions of extremely hot and cold temperatures, during the dry season, or in the absence of susceptible vertebrate host when horizontal transmission is not possible. Methods The publications discussed in this systematic review were searched for using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and websites such as those of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, using the search terms "transovarial transmission" and "mosquito-borne viruses" from 16 May 2023 to 20 September 2023. Results A total of 2,391 articles were searched, of which 123 were chosen for full text evaluation, and 60 were then included in the study after screening and removing duplicates. Conclusion The present systematic review focuses on understanding the above diseases, their pathogenesis, epidemiology and host-parasite interactions. The factors affecting transovarial transmission, potential implications, mosquito antiviral defense mechanism, and the control strategies for these mosquito-borne viral diseases (MBVDs) are also be included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neelam Sehrawat
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Christofferson RC, Turner EA, Peña-García VH. Identifying Knowledge Gaps through the Systematic Review of Temperature-Driven Variability in the Competence of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus for Chikungunya Virus. Pathogens 2023; 12:1368. [PMID: 38003832 PMCID: PMC10675276 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a well-known effector of several transmission factors of mosquito-borne viruses, including within mosquito dynamics. These dynamics are often characterized by vector competence and the extrinsic incubation period (EIP). Vector competence is the intrinsic ability of a mosquito population to become infected with and transmit a virus, while EIP is the time it takes for the virus to reach the salivary glands and be expectorated following an infectious bloodmeal. Temperatures outside the optimal range act on life traits, decreasing transmission potential, while increasing temperature within the optimal range correlates to increasing vector competence and a decreased EIP. These relatively well-studied effects of other Aedes borne viruses (dengue and Zika) are used to make predictions about transmission efficiency, including the challenges presented by urban heat islands and climate change. However, the knowledge of temperature and chikungunya (CHIKV) dynamics within its two primary vectors-Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus-remains less characterized, even though CHIKV remains a virus of public-health importance. Here, we review the literature and summarize the state of the literature on CHIKV and temperature dependence of vector competence and EIP and use these data to demonstrate how the remaining knowledge gap might confound the ability to adequately predict and, thus, prepare for future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik A. Turner
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
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Darby CS, Featherston KM, Lin J, Franz AWE. Detection of La Crosse Virus In Situ and in Individual Progeny to Assess the Vertical Transmission Potential in Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. INSECTS 2023; 14:601. [PMID: 37504607 PMCID: PMC10380845 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
La Crosse virus (LACV) is circulating in the midwestern and southeastern states of the United States and can cause human encephalitis. The main vector of the virus is the eastern tree-hole mosquito, Aedes triseriatus. Ae. albopictus has been also described as a natural LACV vector, while Ae. aegypti has been infected with the virus under laboratory conditions. Here, we compare the vertical transmission potential of LACV in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, with emphasis given to the ovarian infection patterns that the virus generates in both species. Both mosquito species received artificial bloodmeals containing LACV. At defined time points post-infection/bloodmeal, midguts, head tissue, and ovaries were analyzed for the presence of virus. Viral infection patterns in the ovaries were visualized via immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and immunohistopathology assays using an LACV-specific monoclonal antibody. In Ae. aegypti, LACV was confronted with midgut infection and escape barriers, which were much less pronounced in Ae. albopictus, resulting in a significantly higher prevalence of infection in the latter. Following the ingestion of a single virus-containing bloodmeal, no progeny larvae were found to be virus-infected. Regardless, females of both species showed the presence of LACV antigen in their ovariole sheaths. Furthermore, in a single Ae. albopictus female, viral antigen was associated with the nurse cells inside the primary follicles. Following the ingestion of a second non-infectious bloodmeal at 7- or 10-days post-ingestion of an LACV-containing bloodmeal, more progeny larvae of Ae. albopictus than of Ae. aegypti were virus-infected. LACV antigen was detected in the egg chambers and ovariole sheaths of both mosquito species. Traces of viral antigen were also detected in a few oocytes from Ae. albopictus. The low level of vertical transmission and the majority of the ovarian infection patterns suggested the transovum rather than transovarial transmission (TOT) of the virus in both vector species. However, based on the detection of LACV antigen in follicular tissue and oocytes, there was the potential for TOT among several Ae. albopictus females. Thus, TOT is not a general feature of LACV infection in mosquitoes. Instead, the TOT of LACV seems to be dependent on its particular interaction with the reproductive tissues of a female.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander W. E. Franz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (C.S.D.); (K.M.F.); (J.L.)
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Hu TY, Chow JC, Chien TW, Chou W. Detecting dengue fever in children using online Rasch analysis to develop algorithms for parents: An APP development and usability study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33296. [PMID: 37000053 PMCID: PMC10063317 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever (DF) is a significant public health concern in Asia. However, detecting the disease using traditional dichotomous criteria (i.e., absent vs present) can be extremely difficult. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), due to their use of a large number of parameters for modeling, have shown the potential to improve prediction accuracy (ACC). To date, there has been no research conducted to understand item features and responses using online Rasch analysis. To verify the hypothesis that a combination of CNN, ANN, K-nearest-neighbor algorithm (KNN), and logistic regression (LR) can improve the ACC of DF prediction for children, further research is required. METHODS We extracted 19 feature variables related to DF symptoms from 177 pediatric patients, of whom 69 were diagnosed with DF. Using the RaschOnline technique for Rasch analysis, we examined 11 variables for their statistical significance in predicting the risk of DF. Based on 2 sets of data, 1 for training (80%) and the other for testing (20%), we calculated the prediction ACC by comparing the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) between DF + and DF- in both sets. In the training set, we compared 2 scenarios: the combined scheme and individual algorithms. RESULTS Our findings indicate that visual displays of DF data are easily interpreted using Rasch analysis; the k-nearest neighbors algorithm has a lower AUC (<0.50); LR has a relatively higher AUC (0.70); all 3 algorithms have an almost equal AUC (=0.68), which is smaller than the individual algorithms of Naive Bayes, LR in raw data, and Naive Bayes in normalized data; and we developed an app to assist parents in detecting DF in children during the dengue season. CONCLUSION The development of an LR-based APP for the detection of DF in children has been completed. To help patients, family members, and clinicians differentiate DF from other febrile illnesses at an early stage, an 11-item model is proposed for developing the APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yun Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Julie Chi Chow
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsair-Wei Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Willy Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung San Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Arboviruses and symbiotic viruses cooperatively hijack insect sperm-specific proteins for paternal transmission. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1289. [PMID: 36894574 PMCID: PMC9998617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses and symbiotic viruses can be paternally transmitted by male insects to their offspring for long-term viral persistence in nature, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we identify the sperm-specific serpin protein HongrES1 of leafhopper Recilia dorsalis as a mediator of paternal transmission of the reovirus Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) and a previously undescribed symbiotic virus of the Virgaviridae family, Recilia dorsalis filamentous virus (RdFV). We show that HongrES1 mediates the direct binding of virions to leafhopper sperm surfaces and subsequent paternal transmission via interaction with both viral capsid proteins. Direct interaction of viral capsid proteins mediates simultaneously invasion of two viruses into male reproductive organs. Moreover, arbovirus activates HongrES1 expression to suppress the conversion of prophenoloxidase to active phenoloxidase, potentially producing a mild antiviral melanization defense. Paternal virus transmission scarcely affects offspring fitness. These findings provide insights into how different viruses cooperatively hijack insect sperm-specific proteins for paternal transmission without disturbing sperm functions.
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Vector Competence of a Coastal Population of Aedes aegypti for Dengue 2 and 3 Virus Serotypes in Kenya. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/8402682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) that exists as four distinct serotypes (DENV 1-4). While all four DENV serotypes circulate in Kenya, differential distribution of the serotypes in specific regions suggests virus transmission may differ among local vector populations. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a coastal Ae. aegypti population (Rabai, Kilifi County) varies in its ability to transmit DENV-2 (predominant) and DENV-3 (less dominant) and that transmission is related to Ae. aegypti subspecies—domestic Ae. aegypti aegypti (Aaa) and sylvtic Ae. aegypti formosus (Aaf). We orally exposed F1 females (3-10 days old) to blood meals containing DENV-2 (10 5.30 pfu/ml) or DENV-3 (10 5.13 pfu/ml), tested them individually for infection (body), dissemination (legs), and transmission (saliva) at 7, 14, and 21 days postinfection (DPI), respectively, and compared the rates between the serotypes. We analyzed cytochrome c oxidase I gene (cox-I) sequences among DENV-susceptible and nonsusceptible cohorts. Of 489 mosquitoes tested (DENV-2: 240; DENV-3: 249), we found consistently higher but nonsignificant rates of infection (16% vs. 10%), dissemination (47% (18/38) vs. 35% (9/26)), and transmission (39% (7/18) vs. 11% (1/9)) for DENV-2 than DENV-3. However, DENV-2 exhibited a shorter extrinsic incubation period (EIP) for disseminated infection (7-DPI vs. 14-DPI) and transmission (14-DPI vs. 21-DPI) compared to DENV-3. Two cox-I lineages were recovered in phylogeny, one predominantly clustered with referenced Aaa and a minor lineage grouped with Aaf. Infected mosquitoes and those with disseminated infection were represented in both lineages; those that transmitted the viruses grouped with the Aaa-associated lineage only. We conclude that the coastal Ae. aegypti population is a competent vector for DENV-2 and DENV-3 likely driven by the domestic Aaa that is predominant. The shorter EIP to attain dissemination and transmission for DENV-2 could favour its transmission over DENV-3.
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Nyangau PN, Nzuma JM, Irungu P, Junglen S, Kassie M. Health education impact on knowledge and management of arboviral diseases in Kenya: Evidence from randomised control trials. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2274436. [PMID: 37902054 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2274436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Communities' knowledge and management strategies are crucial for mitigating and controlling the threat of existing and emerging diseases. In this study, we conducted randomised control trials (RCT) to examine the impact of health education on households' knowledge and management of three Arboviral Diseases (ADs); Rift Valley fever, Chikungunya fever, and Dengue fever in Kenya. The study was based on a sample of 629 households drawn from the three of Kenya's AD hotspot counties; Baringo, Kwale, and Kilifi. Employing a difference-in-difference method, our findings indicate that health education intervention significantly improved households' understanding of ADs transmission modes, causes, and prevention strategies. However, this intervention did not sufficiently influence households' disease management behaviour. We recommend the implementation of community engagement and outreach initiatives which have the potential to drive behavioural changes at the household level, thus enhancing the management and control of ADs in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nyamweya Nyangau
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonathan Makau Nzuma
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick Irungu
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Menale Kassie
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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Evolution and emergence of mosquito-borne viruses of medical importance: towards a routine metagenomic surveillance approach. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467423000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
During the last two decades, the world has witnessed the emergence and re-emergence of arthropod-borne viruses, better known as arboviruses. The close contact between sylvatic, rural and peri-urban vector species and humans has been mainly determined by the environment-modifying human activity. The resulting interactions have led to multiple dead-end host infections and have allowed sylvatic arboviruses to eventually adapt to new vectors and hosts, contributing to the establishment of urban transmission cycles of some viruses with enormous epidemiologic impact. The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach has allowed obtaining unbiased sequence information of millions of DNA and RNA molecules from clinical and environmental samples. Robust bioinformatics tools have enabled the assembly of individual sequence reads into contigs and scaffolds partially or completely representing the genomes of the microorganisms and viruses being present in biological samples of clinical relevance. In this review, we describe the different ecological scenarios for the emergence of viral diseases, the virus adaptation process required for the establishment of a new transmission cycle and the usefulness of NGS and computational methods for the discovery and routine genomic surveillance of mosquito-borne viruses in their ecosystems.
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Dahl E, Öborn L, Sjöberg V, Lundkvist Å, Hesson JC. Vertical Transmission of Sindbis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091915. [PMID: 36146722 PMCID: PMC9504956 DOI: 10.3390/v14091915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission (VT) is a phenomenon of vector-borne diseases where a pathogen is transferred from an infected arthropod mother to her offspring. For mosquito-borne flavi- and alphaviruses, VT is commonly viewed as rare; however, both field and experimental studies report on vertical transmission efficiency to a notably varying degree. It is likely that this reflects the different experimental methods used to test vertical transmission efficiency as well as differences between virus–vector combinations. There are very few investigations of the VT of an alphavirus in a Culex vector. Sindbis virus (SINV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that utilizes Culex species as main vectors both in the summer transmission season and for its persistence over the winter period in northern latitudes. In this study, we investigated the vertical transmission of the SINV in Culex vectors, both in the field and in experimental settings. The detection of SINV RNA in field-collected egg rafts and emerging adults shows that vertical transmission takes place in the field. Experimentally infected females gave rise to adult offspring containing SINV RNA at emergence; however, three to four weeks after emergence none of the offspring contained SINV RNA. This study shows that vertical transmission may be connected to SINV’s ability to persist throughout northern winters and also highlights many aspects of viral replication that need further study.
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Kirstein OD, Talavera GA, Wei Z, Ciau-Carrilo KJ, Koyoc-Cardeña E, Puerta-Guardo H, Rodríguez-Martín E, Medina-Barreiro A, Mendoza AC, Piantadosi AL, Manrique-Saide P, Vazquez-Prokopec GM. Natural Aedes-Borne Virus Infection Detected in Male Adult Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected From Urban Settings in Mérida, Yucatán, México. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1336-1346. [PMID: 35535688 PMCID: PMC9278843 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aedes-borne viruses (ABVs) such as dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) contribute significantly to the global burden of infectious diseases, disproportionately affecting disadvantaged populations from tropical and subtropical urban areas. ABVs can be transmitted from female mosquitoes to their progeny by vertical transmission via transovarial and/or trans-egg vertical transmission and contribute to the maintenance of infected-mosquito populations year-round in endemic regions. This study describes the natural infection rate of DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV in field-caught male Aedes (Sergentomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) mosquitoes from Mérida, Yucatán, México, as a proxy for the occurrence of vertical virus transmission. We used indoor sequential sampling with Prokopack aspirators to collect all mosquitoes inside houses from ABV hotspots areas. Collections were performed in a DENV and CHIKV post-epidemic phase and during a period of active ZIKV transmission. We individually RT-qPCR tested all indoor collected Ae. aegypti males (1,278) followed by Sanger sequencing analysis for final confirmation. A total of 6.7% male mosquitoes were positive for ABV (CHIKV = 5.7%; DENV = 0.9%; ZIKV = 0.1%) and came from 21.0% (30/143) houses infested with males. Most ABV-positive male mosquitoes were positive for CHIKV (84.8%). The distribution of ABV-positive Ae. aegypti males was aggregated in a few households, with two houses having 11 ABV-positive males each. We found a positive association between ABV-positive males and females per house. These findings suggested the occurrence of vertical arbovirus transmission within the mosquito populations in an ABV-endemic area and, a mechanism contributing to viral maintenance and virus re-emergence among humans in post-epidemic periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar D Kirstein
- Department of Environmental Sciences. Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guadalupe Ayora Talavera
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Zhuoran Wei
- Department of Environmental Sciences. Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karina J Ciau-Carrilo
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Edgar Koyoc-Cardeña
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Ester Rodríguez-Martín
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Anuar Medina-Barreiro
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Azael Che Mendoza
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Anne L Piantadosi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Tomar SJ, Alagarasu K, More A, Nadkarni M, Bachal R, Bote M, Patil J, Venkatesh V, Parashar D, Tandale BV. Decadal Change in Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Pune City, India. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050998. [PMID: 35632740 PMCID: PMC9144945 DOI: 10.3390/v14050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus capable of causing large outbreaks. We aimed to determine the decadal change in the extent of chikungunya virus infection from 2009 to 2019. We implemented a prospective cross-sectional survey in Pune City using a 30-cluster approach with probability-proportion-to-size (PPS) sampling, with blood samples collected from 1654 participants in early 2019. The study also included an additional 799 blood samples from an earlier serosurvey in late 2009. The samples were tested by an in-house anti-CHIKV IgG ELISA assay. The overall seroprevalence in 2019 was 53.2% (95% CI 50.7−55.6) as against 8.5% (95% CI 6.5−10.4) in 2009. A fivefold increase in seroprevalence was observed in a decade (p < 0.00001). The seroprevalence increased significantly with age; however, it did not differ between genders. Modeling of age-stratified seroprevalence data from 2019 coincided with a recent outbreak in 2016 followed by the low-level circulation. The mean estimated force of infection during the outbreak was 35.8% (95% CI 2.9−41.2), and it was 1.2% after the outbreak. To conclude, the study reports a fivefold increase in the seroprevalence of chikungunya infection over a decade in Pune City. The modeling approach considering intermittent outbreaks with continuous low-level circulation was a better fit and coincided with a recent outbreak reported in 2016. Community engagement and effective vector control measures are needed to avert future chikungunya outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Jagatram Tomar
- Epidemiology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India; (S.J.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Kalichamy Alagarasu
- Dengue and Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (K.A.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Ashwini More
- Dengue and Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (K.A.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Manasi Nadkarni
- Dengue and Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (K.A.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Rupali Bachal
- Dengue and Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (K.A.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Minal Bote
- Dengue and Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (K.A.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jayashri Patil
- Dengue and Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (K.A.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Vasanthy Venkatesh
- Epidemiology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India; (S.J.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Deepti Parashar
- Dengue and Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (K.A.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (B.V.T.)
| | - Babasaheb Vishwanath Tandale
- Epidemiology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India; (S.J.T.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (B.V.T.)
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16
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Feng Y, Gou QY, Yang WH, Wu WC, Wang J, Holmes EC, Liang G, Shi M. A time-series meta-transcriptomic analysis reveals the seasonal, host, and gender structure of mosquito viromes. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac006. [PMID: 35242359 PMCID: PMC8887699 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although metagenomic sequencing has revealed high numbers of viruses in mosquitoes sampled globally, our understanding of how their diversity and abundance varies in time and space as well as by host species and gender remains unclear. To address this, we collected 23,109 mosquitoes over the course of 12 months from a bat-dwelling cave and a nearby village in Yunnan province, China. These samples were organized by mosquito species, mosquito gender, and sampling time for meta-transcriptomic sequencing. A total of 162 eukaryotic virus species were identified, of which 101 were novel, including representatives of seventeen RNA virus multi-family supergroups and four species of DNA virus from the families Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, and Nudiviridae. In addition, two known vector-borne viruses-Japanese encephalitis virus and Banna virus-were found. Analyses of the entire virome revealed strikingly different viral compositions and abundance levels in warmer compared to colder months, a strong host structure at the level of mosquito species, and no substantial differences between those viruses harbored by male and female mosquitoes. At the scale of individual viruses, some were found to be ubiquitous throughout the year and across four mosquito species, while most of the other viruses were season and/or host specific. Collectively, this study reveals the diversity, dynamics, and evolution of the mosquito virome at a single location and sheds new lights on the ecology of these important vector animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- Department of Viral and Rickettsial Disease Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 5 Wenhua Road, Xiaguan, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Qin-yu Gou
- Shenzhen Campus of Sun-Yat Sen University, Sun-Yat Sen University Shenzhen Campus, Guangming New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Wei-hong Yang
- Department of Viral and Rickettsial Disease Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 5 Wenhua Road, Xiaguan, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Wei-chen Wu
- Shenzhen Campus of Sun-Yat Sen University, Sun-Yat Sen University Shenzhen Campus, Guangming New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Viral and Rickettsial Disease Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 5 Wenhua Road, Xiaguan, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Guodong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mang Shi
- Shenzhen Campus of Sun-Yat Sen University, Sun-Yat Sen University Shenzhen Campus, Guangming New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
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Uncovering the Burden of Dengue in Africa: Considerations on Magnitude, Misdiagnosis, and Ancestry. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020233. [PMID: 35215827 PMCID: PMC8877195 DOI: 10.3390/v14020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a re-emerging neglected disease of major public health importance. This review highlights important considerations for dengue disease in Africa, including epidemiology and underestimation of disease burden in African countries, issues with malaria misdiagnosis and co-infections, and potential evidence of genetic protection from severe dengue disease in populations of African descent. The findings indicate that dengue virus prevalence in African countries and populations may be more widespread than reported data suggests, and that the Aedes mosquito vectors appear to be increasing in dissemination and number. Changes in climate, population, and plastic pollution are expected to worsen the dengue situation in Africa. Dengue misdiagnosis is also a problem in Africa, especially due to the typical non-specific clinical presentation of dengue leading to misdiagnosis as malaria. Finally, research suggests that a protective genetic component against severe dengue exists in African descent populations, but further studies should be conducted to strengthen this association in various populations, taking into consideration socioeconomic factors that may contribute to these findings. The main takeaway is that Africa should not be overlooked when it comes to dengue, and more attention and resources should be devoted to this disease in Africa.
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18
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Gerken KN, Mutuku FM, Ndenga BA, Agola GA, Migliore E, Fabre EP, Malumbo S, Shaita KN, Rezende IM, LaBeaud AD. Urban risk factors for human Rift Valley fever virus exposure in Kenya. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000505. [PMID: 36962424 PMCID: PMC10021321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus that can also transmit directly to humans from livestock. Previous studies have shown consumption of sick animal products are risk factors for RVFV infection, but it is difficult to disentangle those risk factors from other livestock rearing activities. Urban areas have an increased demand for animal source foods, different vector distributions, and various arboviruses are understood to establish localized urban transmission cycles. Thus far, RVFV is an unevaluated public health risk in urban areas within endemic regions. We tested participants in our ongoing urban cohort study on dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) virus for RVFV exposure and found 1.6% (57/3,560) of individuals in two urban areas of Kenya had anti-RVFV IgG antibodies. 88% (50/57) of RVFV exposed participants also had antibodies to DENV, CHIKV, or both. Although livestock ownership was very low in urban study sites, RVFV exposure was overall significantly associated with seeing goats around the homestead (OR = 2.34 (CI 95%: 1.18-4.69, p = 0.02) and in Kisumu, RVFV exposure was associated with consumption of raw milk (OR = 6.28 (CI 95%: 0.94-25.21, p = 0.02). In addition, lack of piped water and use of small jugs (15-20 liters) for water was associated with a higher risk of RVFV exposure (OR = 5.36 (CI 95%: 1.23-16.44, p = 0.01) and this may contribute to interepidemic vector-borne maintenance of RVFV. We also investigated perception towards human vaccination for RVFV and identified high acceptance (91% (97/105) at our study sites. This study provides baseline evidence to guide future studies investigating the urban potential of RVFV and highlights the unexplored role of animal products in continued spread of RVFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Nicole Gerken
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Francis Maluki Mutuku
- Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
| | | | | | - Eleonora Migliore
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Palacios Fabre
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Said Malumbo
- Vector Borne Disease Control Unit, Msambweni County Referral Hospital, Kwale, Kenya
| | | | - Izabela Mauricio Rezende
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - A Desiree LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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da Silva Neto SR, Tabosa Oliveira T, Teixeira IV, Aguiar de Oliveira SB, Souza Sampaio V, Lynn T, Endo PT. Machine learning and deep learning techniques to support clinical diagnosis of arboviral diseases: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010061. [PMID: 35025860 PMCID: PMC8791518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) primarily affect the poorest populations, often living in remote, rural areas, urban slums or conflict zones. Arboviruses are a significant NTD category spread by mosquitoes. Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika are three arboviruses that affect a large proportion of the population in Latin and South America. The clinical diagnosis of these arboviral diseases is a difficult task due to the concurrent circulation of several arboviruses which present similar symptoms, inaccurate serologic tests resulting from cross-reaction and co-infection with other arboviruses. OBJECTIVE The goal of this paper is to present evidence on the state of the art of studies investigating the automatic classification of arboviral diseases to support clinical diagnosis based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models. METHOD We carried out a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in which Google Scholar was searched to identify key papers on the topic. From an initial 963 records (956 from string-based search and seven from a single backward snowballing procedure), only 15 relevant papers were identified. RESULTS Results show that current research is focused on the binary classification of Dengue, primarily using tree-based ML algorithms. Only one paper was identified using DL. Five papers presented solutions for multi-class problems, covering Dengue (and its variants) and Chikungunya. No papers were identified that investigated models to differentiate between Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika. CONCLUSIONS The use of an efficient clinical decision support system for arboviral diseases can improve the quality of the entire clinical process, thus increasing the accuracy of the diagnosis and the associated treatment. It should help physicians in their decision-making process and, consequently, improve the use of resources and the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vanderson Souza Sampaio
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Theo Lynn
- Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Genetic characterization of chikungunya virus isolates from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected during a recent outbreak in Bangkok, Thailand. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3387-3398. [PMID: 34623503 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne emerging pathogen that is transmitted to humans through the bite of female Aedes mosquitoes. CHIKV infection has become a major public health concern worldwide, as it has a significant impact on the healthcare system. Since 2004, the virus has emerged in Africa and subsequently spread to countries located near the Indian Ocean, including India, and to Europe, the Americas, and Asia. In Thailand, a large CHIKV outbreak occurred during 2008-2009 and was caused by a virus originating from the east/central/south African (ECSA) CHIKV genotype. Since then, the ECSA genotype of CHIKV has continued to circulate and has caused sporadic cases in different areas in Thailand. Approximately 20,000 reported cases have been confirmed by the Bureau of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, from January 1, 2018 to July 31, 2020. However, the causes of this CHIKV re-emergence remain unclear. To obtain a better understanding of CHIKV circulation during the recent outbreak in Bangkok, Thailand, complete genome analysis of CHIKV isolates from field-caught mosquitoes collected in outbreak areas was performed. A total of 28 Ae. aegypti samples (21 females and 7 males) were collected, and individual mosquitoes were used for CHIKV detection and isolation. Eleven of 28 (39.29%) female and three of 28 (10.71%) male mosquitoes were positive for CHIKV by E1 nested RT-PCR. Four CHIKV isolates were successfully isolated from four female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Based on complete genome analysis, several amino acid substitutions were identified in the protein coding region. The E1:K211E and E2:V264A mutations in the background of the E1:226A mutation were observed in all four CHIKV isolates. An important observation was the presence of one amino acid substitution, leading to an E1:K245R change. This mutation was found in all four CHIKV isolates from mosquitoes in this study and in Thai patients described previously. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the four CHIKV isolates belonged to the Indian Ocean clade of the ECSA genotype. The results obtained in this study provide detailed information on the molecular characteristics and evolution of currently circulating CHIKV strains in Thailand, which are useful for developing prevention and control strategies.
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Zamzuri M‘AIA, Jamhari MN, Faisal Ghazi H, Muhamad Hasani MH, Mohd Ali NK, Abd. Rashid MF, Hod R, Dapari R, Hassan MR. A unique double tango: Construct validation and reliability analysis of risk perception, attitude and practice (RPAP) questionnaire on dengue infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256636. [PMID: 34428257 PMCID: PMC8384171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/background Dengue fever remains a public health threat despite being preventable. A solution to the constant problem of dengue infection will require active intervention and a paradigm shift. Assessing perceived risk and correlating it with the attitude and practice of the community will help in designing appropriate measures. However, possible instruments for these assessments come with limitations. Objective The aim is to develop and validate a new scoring-based questionnaire, using dual statistical approaches to measure risk perception, attitude, and practices (RPAP) related to dengue in the community. Methods The RPAP questionnaire was developed bilingually using the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research (ISPOR) guidelines. Content analysis was reviewed scrupulously by four expert panels. The initial 35-item scale was tested among 253 Malaysian respondents recruited non-probabilistically via multiple online platforms. Two statistical methods were employed to measure the construct validity: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) as part of the Classical Test Theory (CTT) measurement, while Rasch Measurement Analysis (Rasch) was performed for the Item Response Theory (IRT) measurement. All results were cross-validated with their counterpart to ensure stability. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to obtain a model fit index. Results 29 questions were retained after the final analysis. Both EFA and Rasch analysis detect multidimensionality. Nine latent factors were extracted from EFA, while only eight factors remained in the final model following CFA: 1) perceived susceptibility; 2) perceived severity; 3) perceived barrier; 4) perceived benefit; 5) cues to action; 6) self-efficacy; 7) attitude; and 8) practice. All items had adequate factor loadings and showed good internal consistency. The final model after CFA achieved a good fit with an RMSEA value of 0.061, SRMR of 0.068, PNFI of 0.649, and GFI of 0.996. Conclusion The RPAP questionnaire contains 29 items and is a reliable and accurate psychometric instrument for measuring the risk perception of dengue fever, attitude, and practice of the community in dengue prevention. The Rasch measurement provides additional rigour to complement the CTT analysis. This RPAP questionnaire is suitable for use in studies related to dengue prevention in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd ‘Ammar Ihsan Ahmad Zamzuri
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Seremban District Health Office, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- State Department of Health Negeri Sembilan, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazrin Jamhari
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- State Department of Health Kedah, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahmat Dapari
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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22
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Lim JK, Matendechero SH, Alexander N, Lee JS, Lee KS, Namkung S, Andia E, Oyembo N, Lim SK, Kanyi H, Bae SH, Yang JS, Ochola MA, Edwards T, Yoon IK, Njenga SM. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics associated with dengue fever in Mombasa, Kenya. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 100:207-215. [PMID: 32891734 PMCID: PMC7670221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Information on dengue in Africa is limited. To estimate the proportion of dengue-positive cases among febrile patients and describe clinical indicators of dengue, we conducted passive health facility-based fever surveillance in Mombasa, Kenya. METHODS Non-malarial febrile patients between one and 55 years were enrolled at three health facilities between March 2016 and May 2017. Acute and convalescent blood samples were collected with an interval of 10-21 days. Acute samples were tested with dengue RDT and a selected subset with RT-PCR, and acute/convalescent samples with IgM/IgG ELISA. RESULTS Among 482 enrollees, 295 (61.2%) were dengue-positive based on laboratory results. The surveillance covered the beginning of a dengue outbreak in April-May 2017, during which 73.9% of enrollees were dengue-positive. By contrast, during the non-outbreak period, 54.6% were dengue-positive. Dengue case status was positively associated with rash, fatigue, headache, retro-orbital pain, nausea/vomiting, nose bleeding, gum bleeding, loss of appetite, myalgia, and arthralgia. Dengue-positive cases in our study had mostly mild disease, with only two requiring observation, and no DHF. CONCLUSIONS The clinical response was generally mild relative to what was observed in SE Asia and the Americas. Given the high level of DENV transmission in Mombasa, more data would be needed to further understand the disease burden and improve case detection for surveillance/monitoring of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kyungah Lim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Neal Alexander
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Sung Lee
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Namkung
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Andia
- Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Noah Oyembo
- Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sl-Ki Lim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Henry Kanyi
- Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - So Hee Bae
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Yang
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mary A Ochola
- Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa County, Kenya
| | - Tansy Edwards
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Sammy M Njenga
- Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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Goncalves DDS, Hue KDT, Thuy VT, Tuyet NV, Thi GN, Thi Thuy VH, Xuan THT, Thi DL, Vo LT, Le Anh Huy H, Van Thuy NT, Wills BA, Thanh PN, Simmons CP, Carrington LB. Assessing the vertical transmission potential of dengue virus in field-reared Aedes aegypti using patient-derived blood meals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:468. [PMID: 32928267 PMCID: PMC7490885 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue viruses (DENV) can be transmitted from an adult female Aedes aegypti mosquito through the germ line to the progeny; however, there is uncertainty if this occurs at a frequency that is epidemiologically significant. We measured vertical transmission of DENV from field-reared Ae. aegypti to their F1 progeny after feeding upon blood from dengue patients. We also examined the transmission potential of F1 females. METHODS We examined the frequency of vertical transmission in field-reared mosquitoes, who fed upon blood from acutely viremic dengue patients, and the capacity for vertically infected females to subsequently transmit virus horizontally, in two sets of experiments: (i) compared vertical transmission frequency of field-reared Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, in individual progeny; and (ii) in pooled progeny derived from field- and laboratory-reared Ae. aegypti. RESULTS Of 41 DENV-infected and isofemaled females who laid eggs, only a single female (2.43%) transmitted virus to one of the F1 progeny, but this F1 female did not have detectable virus in the saliva when 14 days-old. We complemented this initial study by testing for vertical transmission in another 460 field-reared females and > 900 laboratory-reared counterparts but failed to provide any further evidence of vertical virus transmission. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these results using field-reared mosquitoes and viremic blood from dengue cases suggest that vertical transmission is uncommon. Field-based studies that build on these observations are needed to better define the contribution of vertical DENV transmission to dengue epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela da Silva Goncalves
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kien Duong Thi Hue
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vi Tran Thuy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhu Vu Tuyet
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Giang Nguyen Thi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van Huynh Thi Thuy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang Huynh Thi Xuan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dui Le Thi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Long Thi Vo
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Le Anh Huy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Van Thuy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bridget A Wills
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Cameron P Simmons
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Institute for Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Lauren B Carrington
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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