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Sedgwick RL, ElBohy O, Daly JM. Role of pseudotyped viruses in understanding epidemiology, pathogenesis and immunity of viral diseases affecting both horses and humans. Virology 2024; 597:110164. [PMID: 38959722 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we explore how pseudotyped viruses (PVs) are being applied to the study of viruses affecting both humans and horses. For the purposes of this review, we define PVs as non-replicative viruses with the core of one virus and the surface protein(s) of another and encapsulating a reporter gene such as luciferase. These 'reporter' PVs enable receptor-mediated entry into host cells to be quantified, and thus can be applied to study the initial stages of viral replication. They can also be used to test antiviral activity of compounds and measure envelope protein-specific antibodies in neutralisation tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Sedgwick
- One Virology - WCGVR, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, UK
| | - Ola ElBohy
- One Virology - WCGVR, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, UK
| | - Janet M Daly
- One Virology - WCGVR, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, UK.
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2
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Kikawa C, Cartwright-Acar CH, Stuart JB, Contreras M, Levoir LM, Evans MJ, Bloom JD, Goo L. The effect of single mutations in Zika virus envelope on escape from broadly neutralizing antibodies. J Virol 2023; 97:e0141423. [PMID: 37943046 PMCID: PMC10688354 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01414-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The wide endemic range of mosquito-vectored flaviviruses-such as Zika virus and dengue virus serotypes 1-4-places hundreds of millions of people at risk of infection every year. Despite this, there are no widely available vaccines, and treatment of severe cases is limited to supportive care. An avenue toward development of more widely applicable vaccines and targeted therapies is the characterization of monoclonal antibodies that broadly neutralize all these viruses. Here, we measure how single amino acid mutations in viral envelope protein affect neutralizing antibodies with both broad and narrow specificities. We find that broadly neutralizing antibodies with potential as vaccine prototypes or biological therapeutics are quantifiably more difficult to escape than narrow, virus-specific neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kikawa
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jackson B. Stuart
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maya Contreras
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lisa M. Levoir
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew J. Evans
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jesse D. Bloom
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Basic Sciences, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Computational Biology, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leslie Goo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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3
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Kikawa C, Cartwright-Acar CH, Stuart JB, Contreras M, Levoir LM, Evans MJ, Bloom JD, Goo L. The effect of single mutations in Zika virus envelope on escape from broadly neutralizing antibodies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557606. [PMID: 37808848 PMCID: PMC10557620 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus and dengue virus are co-circulating flaviviruses with a widespread endemic range. Eliciting broad and potent neutralizing antibodies is an attractive goal for developing a vaccine to simultaneously protect against these viruses. However, the capacity of viral mutations to confer escape from broadly neutralizing antibodies remains undescribed, due in part to limited throughput and scope of traditional approaches. Here, we use deep mutational scanning to map how all possible single amino acid mutations in Zika virus envelope protein affect neutralization by antibodies of varying breadth and potency. While all antibodies selected viral escape mutations, the mutations selected by broadly neutralizing antibodies conferred less escape relative to those selected by narrow, virus-specific antibodies. Surprisingly, even for broadly neutralizing antibodies with similar binding footprints, different single mutations led to escape, indicating distinct functional requirements for neutralization not captured by existing structures. Additionally, the antigenic effects of mutations selected by broadly neutralizing antibodies were conserved across divergent, albeit related, flaviviruses. Our approach identifies residues critical for antibody neutralization, thus comprehensively defining the as-yet-unknown functional epitopes of antibodies with clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kikawa
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
| | | | - Jackson B. Stuart
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
| | - Maya Contreras
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
| | - Lisa M. Levoir
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
| | - Matthew J. Evans
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Jesse D. Bloom
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
- Basic Sciences and Computational Biology, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle Washington, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Leslie Goo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
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4
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Van Rompay KK, Coffey LL, Yee JL, Singapuri A, Stuart J, Lanteri MC, Maria FS, Lu K, Singh I, Bakkour S, Stone M, Williamson PC, Muench MO, Busch MP, Simmons G. Plasma transfusion-transmission of Zika virus in mice and macaques. Transfusion 2023; 63:574-585. [PMID: 36621777 PMCID: PMC10134791 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemics with infections in pregnant women are associated with severe neurological disease in newborns. Although an arbovirus, ZIKV is also blood transfusion-transmitted (TT). Greater knowledge of the efficiency of ZIKV TT would aid decisions on testing and pathogen reduction technologies (PRT). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma units from ZIKV RNA-reactive blood donors were used to study infectivity in vitro, in mice, and in macaques. Furthermore, plasma units were subjected to PRT using amotosalen/ultraviolet light A (A/UVA) before transfusion. RESULTS In vitro infectivity of ZIKV RNA-reactive plasma varied between 100 and 1000 international units (IU) of ZIKV RNA. Immunodeficient mice were more sensitive with as low as 32 IU sufficient to infect 50% of mice. 50-5500 IU of RNA led to TT in macaques using dose escalation of three different RNA-positive, seronegative plasma units. In contrast, RNA-reactive units collected postseroconversion were not infectious in macaques, even at a dose of 9 million IU RNA. After A/UVA PRT, transfusion of plasma containing up to 18 million IU was no longer infectious in vitro and did not result in ZIKV TT in macaques. CONCLUSION Significant risks of ZIKV TT are likely confined to a relatively short viremic window before seroconversion, and that sensitive nucleic acid amplification testing likely identifies the majority of infectious plasma. PRT was demonstrated to be effective at preventing ZIKV TT. Considering that there is no approved ZIKV vaccine, these data are relevant to mitigate the risk of TT during the future ZIKV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen K.A. Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Lark L. Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - JoAnn L. Yee
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Anil Singapuri
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Jackson Stuart
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Kai Lu
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Inderdeep Singh
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sonia Bakkour
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Marcus O. Muench
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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5
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Chattaraj R, Kim CY, Lee D, Hammer DA. Recombinant Protein Micelles to Block Transduction by SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17466-17477. [PMID: 36191145 PMCID: PMC9578646 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The continuing emergence of variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus requires the development of modular molecular therapies. Here, we engineered a recombinant amphiphilic protein, oleosin, to spontaneously self-assemble into multivalent micellar nanostructures which can block the Spike S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses (PVs). Short recombinant proteins like oleosin can be formulated more easily than antibodies and can be functionalized with precision through genetic engineering. We cloned S1-binding mini-protein genes called LCBx, previously designed by David Baker's laboratory (UW Seattle), to the N-terminus of oleosin, expressing Oleo-LCBx proteins in E. coli. These proteins largely formed 10-100 nm micelles as verified by dynamic light scattering. Two proteins, Oleo-LCB1 and Oleo-LCB3, were seen to completely and irreversibly block transduction by both wild-type and delta variant PVs into 293T-hsACE2 cells at 10 μM. Presented in multivalent micelles, these proteins reduced transduction by PVs down to a functional protein concentration of 5 nM. Additionally, Oleo-LCB1 micelles outperformed corresponding synthetic LCB1 mini-proteins in reducing transduction by PVs. Tunable aqueous solubility of recombinant oleosin allowed incorporation of peptides/mini-proteins at high concentrations within micelles, thus enhancing drug loading. To validate the potential multifunctionality of the micelles, we showed that certain combinations of Oleo-LCB1 and Oleo-LCB3 performed much better than the individual proteins at the same concentration. These micelles, which we showed to be non-toxic to human cells, are thus a promising step toward the design of modular, multifunctional therapeutics that could bind to and inactivate multiple receptors and proteins necessary for the infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Chattaraj
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christina Y. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Saipin K, Thaisomboonsuk B, Siridechadilok B, Chaitaveep N, Ramasoota P, Puttikhunt C, Sangiambut S, Jones A, Kraivong R, Sriburi R, Keelapang P, Sittisombut N, Junjhon J. A replication competent luciferase-secreting DENV2 reporter for sero-epidemiological surveillance of neutralizing and enhancing antibodies. J Virol Methods 2022; 308:114577. [PMID: 35843366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) specific neutralizing and enhancing antibodies play crucial roles in dengue disease prevention and pathogenesis. DENV reporters are gaining popularity in the evaluation of these antibodies; their accessibility and acceptance may improve with more efficient production systems and indications of their antigenic equivalence to the wild-type virus. This study aimed to generate a replication competent luciferase-secreting DENV reporter (LucDENV2) and evaluate its feasibility in neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibody assays in comparison with wild-type DENV2, strain 16681, and a luciferase-secreting, single-round infectious DENV2 reporter (LucSIP). LucDENV2 replicated to similarly high levels as that of the parent 16681 virus in a commonly used mosquito cell line. LucDENV2 was neutralized in an antibody concentration-dependent manner by a monoclonal antibody specific to the flavivirus fusion loop and two antibodies specific to the E domain III, which closely resembled the neutralization patterns employing the LucSIP and wild-type DENV2. Parallel analysis of LucDENV2 and wild-type DENV2 revealed good agreement between the luciferase-based and focus-based neutralization and enhancement assays in a 96-well microplate format when employed against a set of clinical sera, suggesting comparable antigenic properties of LucDENV2 with those of the parent virus. The high-titer, replication competent, luciferase-secreting DENV reporter presented here should be a useful tool for fast and reliable quantitation of neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibodies in populations living in DENV-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krongkan Saipin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Butsaya Thaisomboonsuk
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Bunpote Siridechadilok
- Frontier Biodesign and Bioengineering Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum-thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nithinart Chaitaveep
- Royal Thai Army, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum-thani 12120, Thailand; Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research and Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sutha Sangiambut
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum-thani 12120, Thailand; Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research and Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Anthony Jones
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Romchat Kraivong
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum-thani 12120, Thailand; Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research and Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Rungtawan Sriburi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Poonsook Keelapang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Sittisombut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiraphan Junjhon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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7
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Thompson D, Guenther B, Manayani D, Mendy J, Smith J, Espinosa DA, Harris E, Alexander J, Vang L, Morello CS. Zika virus-like particle vaccine fusion loop mutation increases production yield but fails to protect AG129 mice against Zika virus challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010588. [PMID: 35793354 PMCID: PMC9292115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with maternal infection associated with preterm birth, congenital malformations, and fetal death, and adult infection associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Recent widespread endemic transmission of ZIKV and the potential for future outbreaks necessitate the development of an effective vaccine. We developed a ZIKV vaccine candidate based on virus-like-particles (VLPs) generated following transfection of mammalian HEK293T cells using a plasmid encoding the pre-membrane/membrane (prM/M) and envelope (E) structural protein genes. VLPs were collected from cell culture supernatant and purified by column chromatography with yields of approximately 1-2mg/L. To promote increased particle yields, a single amino acid change of phenylalanine to alanine was made in the E fusion loop at position 108 (F108A) of the lead VLP vaccine candidate. This mutation resulted in a modest 2-fold increase in F108A VLP production with no detectable prM processing by furin to a mature particle, in contrast to the lead candidate (parent). To evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy, AG129 mice were immunized with a dose titration of either the immature F108A or lead VLP (each alum adjuvanted). The resulting VLP-specific binding antibody (Ab) levels were comparable. However, geometric mean neutralizing Ab (nAb) titers using a recombinant ZIKV reporter were significantly lower with F108A immunization compared to lead. After virus challenge, all lead VLP-immunized groups showed a significant 3- to 4-Log10 reduction in mean ZIKV RNAemia levels compared with control mice immunized only with alum, but the RNAemia reduction of 0.5 Log10 for F108A groups was statistically similar to the control. Successful viral control by the lead VLP candidate following challenge supports further vaccine development for this candidate. Notably, nAb titer levels in the lead, but not F108A, VLP-immunized mice inversely correlated with RNAemia. Further evaluation of sera by an in vitro Ab-dependent enhancement assay demonstrated that the F108A VLP-induced immune sera had a significantly higher capacity to promote ZIKV infection in FcγR-expressing cells. These data indicate that a single amino acid change in the fusion loop resulted in increased VLP yields but that the immature F108A particles were significantly diminished in their capacity to induce nAbs and provide protection against ZIKV challenge. Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted by mosquitoes and is a serious health threat due to potential epidemic spread. Infection in adults may lead to Guillain-Barré syndrome, a neurological disorder, or may cause harm to a developing fetus resulting in preterm birth, fetal death, or devastating congenital malformations. There are currently no approved vaccines against ZIKV. We previously developed a lead candidate vaccine based on a virus-like particle (VLP) that was generated in tissue culture. This ZIKV shell is devoid of any viral genetic material. In previous studies, this lead VLP candidate generated neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that recognized wild-type ZIKV and prevented viral replication in both mice and non-human primates. To increase production of the lead VLP candidate and decrease cost-of-goods, we introduced a single amino acid change, phenylalanine to alanine, in the envelope glycoprotein. This change resulted in a modest increase in VLP yield. However, this single amino acid change resulted in reduced induction of nAbs following immunization and no significant reduction of RNAemia following challenge compared to the lead candidate. The results of this study suggest this investigational vaccine candidate is not suitable for further vaccine development and that ZIKV VLP maturation may have an important role in protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Thompson
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ben Guenther
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Darly Manayani
- PaxVax Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Mendy
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Smith
- PaxVax Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Diego A. Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jeff Alexander
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- PaxVax Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lo Vang
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
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8
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McCarthy EE, Odorizzi PM, Lutz E, Smullin CP, Tenvooren I, Stone M, Simmons G, Hunt PW, Feeney ME, Norris PJ, Busch MP, Spitzer MH, Rutishauser RL. A cytotoxic-skewed immune set point predicts low neutralizing antibody levels after Zika virus infection. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110815. [PMID: 35584677 PMCID: PMC9151348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although generating high neutralizing antibody levels is a key component of protective immunity after acute viral infection or vaccination, little is known about why some individuals generate high versus low neutralizing antibody titers. Here, we leverage the high-dimensional single-cell profiling capacity of mass cytometry to characterize the longitudinal cellular immune response to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in viremic blood donors in Puerto Rico. During acute ZIKV infection, we identify widely coordinated responses across innate and adaptive immune cell lineages. High frequencies of multiple activated cell types during acute infection are associated with high titers of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies 6 months post-infection, while stable immune features suggesting a cytotoxic-skewed immune set point are associated with low titers. Our study offers insight into the coordination of immune responses and identifies candidate cellular biomarkers that may offer predictive value in vaccine efficacy trials aimed at inducing high levels of antiviral neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E McCarthy
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pamela M Odorizzi
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Emma Lutz
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Carolyn P Smullin
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Iliana Tenvooren
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter W Hunt
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Philip J Norris
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Rachel L Rutishauser
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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9
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Bohning K, Sonnberg S, Chen HL, Zahralban-Steele M, Powell T, Hather G, Patel HK, Dean HJ. A high throughput reporter virus particle microneutralization assay for quantitation of Zika virus neutralizing antibodies in multiple species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250516. [PMID: 33891631 PMCID: PMC8064526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is a Flavivirus, transmitted via Aedes mosquitos, that causes a range of symptoms including Zika congenital syndrome. Zika has posed a challenging situation for health, public and economic sectors of affected countries. To quantitate Zika virus neutralizing antibody titers in serum samples, we developed a high throughput plate based Zika virus reporter virus particle (RVP) assay that uses an infective, non-replicating particle encoding Zika virus surface proteins and capsid (CprME) and a reporter gene (Renilla luciferase). This is the first characterization of a Zika virus RVP assay in 384-well format using a Dengue replicon Renilla reporter construct. Serially diluted test sera were incubated with RVPs, followed by incubation with Vero cells. RVPs that have not been neutralized by antibodies in the test sera entered the cells and expressed Renilla luciferase. Quantitative measurements of neutralizing activity were determined using a plate-based assay and commercially available substrate. The principle of limiting the infection to a single round increases the precision of the assay measurements. RVP log10EC50 titers correlated closely with titers determined using a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) (R2>95%). The plate-based Zika virus RVP assay also demonstrated high levels of precision, reproducibility and throughput. The assay employs identical reagents for human, rhesus macaque and mouse serum matrices. Spiking studies indicated that the assay performs equally well in different species, producing comparable titers irrespective of the serum species. The assay is conducted in 384-well plates and can be automated to simultaneously achieve high throughput and high reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Bohning
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Sonnberg
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Timothy Powell
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Greg Hather
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hetal K. Patel
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hansi J. Dean
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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