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Tao Y, Wang YF, Wang J, Long S, Seyler BC, Zhong XF, Lu Q. Pictorial review of hepatic echinococcosis: Ultrasound imaging and differential diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:4115-4131. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i37.4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by parasites belonging to the genus Echinococcus that primarily affect the liver. The western plateau and pastoral areas of China are high-risk regions for hepatic cystic echinococcosis and hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE). The high late mortality rate associated with HAE underscores the critical need for early diagnosis to improve cure rates and mitigate the disease burden in endemic areas. Currently, the World Health Organization recommends ultrasonography as the preferred initial screening method for hepatic echinococcosis. However, distinguishing between specific types of lesions, such as those of hepatic cystic echinococcosis and HAE, and other focal liver lesions is challenging. To address this issue, contrast-enhanced ultrasound is recommended as a tool to differentiate solid and cysto-solid hepatic echinococcosis from other focal liver lesions, significantly enhancing diagnostic accuracy. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the progression of hepatic echinococcosis and detail the imaging features of various types of echinococcosis using conventional, contrast-enhanced, and intraoperative ultrasound techniques. Our objective is to provide robust imaging evidence and guidance for early diagnosis, clinical decision making, and postoperative follow-up in regions with high disease prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuang Long
- Department of Radiology, Gaoping District People’s Hospital, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Barnabas C Seyler
- Shude International, Chengdu Shude High School, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhong
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Wang L, Wang Z, Qin M, Lei J, Cheng X, Yan J, Gavotte L, Frutos R. A regressive analysis of the main environmental risk factors of human echinococcosis in 370 counties in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012131. [PMID: 38743784 PMCID: PMC11125469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinococcosis is a natural focal, highly prevalent disease in China. Factors influencing the spread of echinococcosis are not only related to personal exposure but also closely related to the environment itself. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of environmental factors on the prevalence of human echinococcosis and to provide a reference for prevention and control of echinococcosis in the future. METHODS Data were collected from 370 endemic counties in China in 2018. By downloading Modis, DEM and other remote-sensing images in 2018. Data on environmental factors, i.e., elevation, land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were collected. Rank correlation analysis was conducted between each environmental factor and the prevalence of echinococcosis at the county level. Negative binomial regression was used to analyze the impact of environmental factors on the prevalence of human echinococcosis at the county level. RESULTS According to rank correlation analysis, the prevalence of human echinococcosis in each county was positively correlated with elevation, negatively correlated with LST, and negatively correlated with NDVI in May, June and July. Negative binomial regression showed that the prevalence of human echinococcosis was negatively correlated with annual LST and summer NDVI, and positively correlated with average elevation and dog infection rate. The prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis was inversely correlated with the annual average LST, and positively correlated with both the average elevation and the prevalence rate of domestic animals. The prevalence of human alveolar echinococcosis was positively correlated with both NDVI in autumn and average elevation, and negatively correlated with NDVI in winter. CONCLUSION The prevalence of echinococcosis in the population is affected by environmental factors. Environmental risk assessment and prediction can be conducted in order to rationally allocate health resources and improve both prevention and control efficiency of echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Montpellier, France
- Espace-Dev, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Qin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Lei
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixi Cheng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Wu J, Adili S, Wang S, Zhang H, Shi G, Zhao J. Prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis: A county-level modeling study in southern Xinjiang, China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28812. [PMID: 38596126 PMCID: PMC11002248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Human echinococcosis remains an important public health problem. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis cases in southern Xinjiang, China from 2005 to 2021. Methods Human echinococcosis cases were collected from the National Infectious Disease Reporting System. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to explore the trends. Spatial autocorrelation, hot spot analysis, as well as spatial-temporal clustering analysis were conducted to confirm the distribution and risk factors. Results A total of 4580 cases were reported in southern Xinjiang during 2005-2021, with a mean annual incidence of 2.56/100,000. Echinococcosis incidence showed an increasing trend from 2005 to 2017 (APC = 17.939, 95%CI: 13.985 to 22.029) and a decreasing trend from 2017 to 2021 (APC = -18.769, 95%CI: 28.157 to -8.154). Echinococcosis cases had a positive spatial autocorrelation in 2005-2021 (Moran's I = 0.19, P < 0.05). The disease hotspots were located in the east and west in these areas, then returned to the east clusters, including Hejing, Heshuo, Wuqia, Atushi, Aheqi, and Yanqi Hui Autonomous County. Meanwhile, spatial-temporal analysis identified the first cluster comprised of five counties (cities): Yanqi Hui Autonomous County, Korla City, Bohu County, Hejing County, and Heshuo County. And secondary clusters 1-3 are predominantly in Wushi County, Aheqi County, Keping County, Atushi City, Wuqia County and Cele County. Conclusions Our findings suggest that echinococcosis is still an important zoonotic parasitic disease in southern Xinjiang, yet it showed a certain degree of spatial clustering. It is crucial to implement comprehensive prevention and control measures to effectively combat the epidemic of echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Simayi Adili
- Xinjiang Autonomous Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, 830002, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Xinjiang Autonomous Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, 830002, China
| | - Haiting Zhang
- Xinjiang Autonomous Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, 830002, China
| | - Guangzhong Shi
- Xinjiang Autonomous Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, 830002, China
| | - Jiangshan Zhao
- Xinjiang Autonomous Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, 830002, China
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Wang Z, Bian H, Li J, Xu J, Fan H, Wu X, Cao Y, Guo B, Xu X, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhou H, Fan J, Ren Y, Geng Y, Feng X, Li L, Wei L, Zhang X. Detection and subtyping of hepatic echinococcosis from plain CT images with deep learning: a retrospective, multicentre study. Lancet Digit Health 2023; 5:e754-e762. [PMID: 37770335 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(23)00136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic echinococcosis is a severe endemic disease in some underdeveloped rural areas worldwide. Qualified physicians are in short supply in such areas, resulting in low rates of accurate diagnosis of this condition. In this study, we aimed to develop and evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI) system for automated detection and subtyping of hepatic echinococcosis using plain CT images with the goal of providing interpretable assistance to radiologists and clinicians. METHODS We developed EDAM, an echinococcosis diagnostic AI system, to provide accurate and generalisable CT analysis for distinguishing hepatic echinococcosis from hepatic cysts and normal controls (no liver lesions), as well as subtyping hepatic echinococcosis as alveolar or cystic echinococcosis. EDAM includes a slice-level prediction model for lesion classification and segmentation and a patient-level diagnostic model for patient classification. We collected a plain CT database (n=700: 395 cystic echinococcosis, 122 alveolar echinococcosis, 130 hepatic cysts, and 53 normal controls) for developing EDAM, and two additional independent cohorts (n=156) for external validation of its performance and generalisation ability. We compared the performance of EDAM with 52 experienced radiologists in diagnosing and subtyping hepatic echinococcosis. FINDINGS EDAM showed reliable performance in patient-level diagnosis on both the internal testing data (overall area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0·974 [95% CI 0·936-0·994]; accuracy: 0·952 [0·939-0·965] for cystic echinococcosis, 0·981 [0·973-0·989] for alveolar echinococcosis; sensitivity: 0·966 [0·951-0·979] for cystic echinococcosis, 0·944 [0·908-0·970] for alveolar echinococcosis) and the external testing set (overall AUC: 0·953 [95% CI 0·840-0·973]; accuracy: 0·929 [0·915-0·947] for cystic echinococcosis, 0·936 [0·919-0·950] for alveolar echinococcosis; sensitivity: 0·913 [0·879-0·944] for cystic echinococcosis, 0·868 [0·841-0·897] for alveolar echinococcosis). The sensitivity of EDAM was robust across images from different CT manufacturers. EDAM outperformed most of the enrolled radiologists in detecting both alveolar echinococcosis and cystic echinococcosis. INTERPRETATION EDAM is a clinically applicable AI system that can provide patient-level diagnoses with interpretable results. The accuracy and generalisation ability of EDAM demonstrates its potential for clinical use, especially in underdeveloped areas. FUNDING Project of Qinghai Provincial Department of Science and Technology of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Data Technology Project. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Haiyang Bian
- Department of Automation, MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science & Technology (BNRIST), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Automation, MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science & Technology (BNRIST), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haining Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Xinze Wu
- Department of Automation, MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science & Technology (BNRIST), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuntai Cao
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Haijiu Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Jianfeng Fan
- Department of Radiology, Zhenping People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Youyou Ren
- Department of Radiology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Yunping Geng
- Department of Radiology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Xiaobin Feng
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luming Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Automation, MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science & Technology (BNRIST), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuegong Zhang
- Department of Automation, MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science & Technology (BNRIST), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Wu Y, Li L, Xu F, Yan H, Ohiolei JA, Shumuye NA, Nian X, Li W, Zhang N, Fu B, Jia W. Establishment of a secondary infection laboratory model of Echinococcus shiquicus metacestode using BALB/c mice and Mongolian jirds ( Meriones unguiculatus). Parasitology 2023; 150:813-820. [PMID: 37475454 PMCID: PMC10478056 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus shiquicus is peculiar to the Qinghai–Tibet plateau of China. Research on this parasite has mainly focused on epidemiological surveys and life cycle studies. So far, limited laboratory studies have been reported. Here, experimental infection of E. shiquicus metacestode in BALB/c mice and Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) was carried out to establish alternative laboratory animal models. Intraperitoneal inoculation of metacestode material containing protoscoleces (PSCs) obtained from infected plateau pikas were conducted on BALB/c mice. Furthermore, metacestode material without PSCs deriving from infected BALB/c mice was intraperitoneally inoculated to Mongolian jirds. Experimental animals were dissected for macroscopic and histopathological examination. The growth of cysts in BALB/c mice was infiltrative, and they invaded the murine entire body. Most of the metacestode cysts were multicystic, but a few were unilocular. The cysts contained sterile vesicles, which had no PSCs. The metacestode materials were able to successfully infect new mice. In the jirds model, E. shiquicus cysts were typically formed freely in the peritoneal cavity; the majority of these cysts were free while a small portion adhered loosely to nearby organs. The proportion of fertile cysts was high, and contained many PSCs. The PSCs produced in Mongolian jirds also successfully infected new ones, which confirms that jirds can serve as an alternative experimental intermediate host. In conclusion, a laboratory animal infection was successfully established for E. shiquicus using BALB/c mice and Mongolian jirds. These results provide new models for the in-depth study of Echinococcus metacestode survival strategy, host interactions and immune escape mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - John Asekhaen Ohiolei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nigus Abebe Shumuye
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianzhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoquan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanzhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Feng X, BaiMaYangJin, Mo X, Zhang F, Hu W, Feng Z, Zhang T, Wei L, Lu H. IgG glycomic profiling identifies potential biomarkers for diagnosis of echinococcosis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1227:123838. [PMID: 37540936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcosis caused by larval stage of the genus Echinococcus, is a serious and potentially fatal parasitic zoonosis distributed globally. The two types of the disease in human are cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). As the biological and encysting characteristics of the parasite, early diagnosis remains to address. In the present study, we demonstrate the value of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycome as a potential diagnostic biomarker for echinococcosis. Serum IgG glycome profiles were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography in a cohort comprised of 127 echinococcosis patients, of them 98 were diagnosed as CE and 29 as AE. IgG N-glycome analysis in pretreatment serum of echinococcosis patients presents 25 glycans and 64 derived traits. Compared with IgG glycans of healthy control group, neutral glycans, fucosylation and agalactosylated N-glycans increased while sialylation and galactosylation decreased in echinococcosis patients. Combined with a machine-learning-based approach, we built three biomarker combinations to distinguish CE, AE and healthy controls. Meanwhile, galactosylation, sialylation and A2BG2S1 in IgG glycan profiles were evidently associated with different types of CE (from CE1 to CE5). Our findings suggest that the alterations in IgG N-glycome may be of value in CE and AE diagnosis and follow-up CE disease progress. The role of IgG N-glycans as diagnostic biomarker remains to be verified in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Feng
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - BaiMaYangJin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Xizang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850000, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojin Mo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyan Zhang
- Waters Technologies, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Xizang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850000, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liming Wei
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haojie Lu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Qin M, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang X, Lei J, Cheng X, Feng Y, Hou Y, Wang Q, Xue C, Gavotte L, Frutos R. Investigation on the Management for Patients with Echinococcosis Treated with Albendazole - Three PLADs, China, 2019. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:437-441. [PMID: 37274767 PMCID: PMC10236642 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? In China, patients with echinococcosis receive complimentary healthcare services, such as medical treatment, diagnostic examinations, and follow-up care. Despite this, no studies have been conducted to assess the quality of patient management to date. What is added by this report? This study reviewed the medical records of 899 patients who underwent albendazole treatment across 10 endemic counties. Out of 634 evaluable patient files, the proportion of patients with a ratio of actual follow-up and reexamination times to theoretical follow-up and reexamination times ≥0.8 were both low (21.92% and 23.19%, respectively). What are the implications for public health practices? This study identified weaknesses and specific issues in patient management and proposed feasible recommendations to enhance patient file documentation, follow-up, and reexamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Espace-Dev, UMR 228, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Ying Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxi Lei
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xixi Cheng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yanyan Hou
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chuizhao Xue
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Laurent Gavotte
- Espace-Dev, UMR 228, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Roger Frutos
- Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
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8
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Zhang X, Wei C, Lv Y, Mi R, Guo B, Rahman SU, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Jia H, Huang Y, Han X, Gong H, Chen Z. EgSeverin and Eg14-3-3zeta from Echinococcus granulosus are potential antigens for serological diagnosis of echinococcosis in dogs and sheep. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106110. [PMID: 37060967 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the metacestode larva of Echinococcus granulosus. In this study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with immunoblot analysis revealed that E. granulosus severin and 14-3-3zeta proteins (named EgSeverin and Eg14-3-3zeta, respectively) might be two potential biomarkers for serological diagnosis of echinococcosis. The recombinant EgSeverin (rEgSeverin, 45 kDa) and Eg14-3-3zeta (rEg14-3-3zeta, 35 kDa) were administered subcutaneously to BALB/c mice to obtain polyclonal antibodies for immunofluorescence analyses (IFAs). And IFAs showed that both proteins were located on the surface of protoscoleces (PSCs). Western blotting showed that both proteins could react with sera from E. granulosus-infected sheep, dog, and mice. Indirect ELISAs (rEgSeverin- and rEg14-3-3zeta-iELISA) were developed, respectively, with sensitivities and specificities ranging from 83.33% to 100% and a coefficient of variation (CV %) of less than 10%. The rEgSeverin-iELISA showed cross-reaction with both E. granulosus and E. multilocularis, while the rEg14-3-3zeta-iELISA showed no cross-reaction with other sera except for the E. granulosus-infected ones. The field sheep sera from Xinjiang and Qinghai were analyzed using rEgSeverin-iELISA, rEg14-3-3zeta-iELISA, and a commercial kit respectively, and no significant differences were found among the three methods (p > 0.05). However, the CE positive rates in sheep sera from Qinghai were significantly higher than those from Xinjiang (p < 0.01). Overall, the results suggest that EgSeverin and Eg14-3-3zeta could be promising diagnostic antigens for E. granulosus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Chenxi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yajie Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Rongsheng Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Baoping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, PR China
| | - Sajid Ur Rahman
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yehua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Long Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Zhaoguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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9
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Zhang X, Jian Y, Li Z, Duo H, Guo Z, Fu Y. Optimization of single-tube nested PCR for the detection of Echinococcus spp. Exp Parasitol 2023; 247:108494. [PMID: 36849051 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic life-threatening parasitic disease caused by metacestodes of Echinococcus spp., and appropriate sensitive diagnosis and genotyping techniques are required to detect infections and study the genetic characterization of Echinococcus spp. isolates. In this study, a single-tube nested PCR (STNPCR) method was developed and evaluated for the detection of Echinococcus spp. DNA based on the COI gene. STNPCR was 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR and showed the same sensitivity to common nested PCR (NPCR); but with a lower risk of cross-contamination. The limit of detection of the developed STNPCR method was estimated to be 10 copies/μL of the recombinant standard plasmids of Echinococcus spp. COI gene. In clinical application, 8 cyst tissue samples and 12 calcification tissue samples were analysed by conventional PCR with outer and inner primers and resulted in 100.00% (8/8) and 8.33% (1/12), 100.00% (8/8) and 16.67% (2/12) positive reactions, respectively, while STNPCR and NPCR were all able to identify the presence of genomic DNA in 100.00% (8/8) and 83.33% (10/12) of the same samples. Due to its high sensitivity combined with the potential for the elimination of cross-contamination, the STNPCR method was suitable for epidemiological investigations and characteristic genetic studies of Echinococcus spp. tissue samples. The STNPCR method can effectively amplify low concentrations of genomic DNA from calcification samples and cyst residues infected with Echinococcus spp. Subsequently, the sequences of positive PCR products were obtained, which were useful for haplotype analysis, genetic diversity, and evolution studies of Echinococcus spp., and understanding of Echinococcus spp. dissemination and transmission among the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyong Zhang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Xining, 810016, PR China.
| | - Yingna Jian
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Hong Duo
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Yong Fu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Xining, 810016, PR China.
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10
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Guo Q, Wang M, Zhong K, Li J, Jiang T, Ran B, Shalayiadang P, Zhang R, Tuergan T, Aji T, Shao Y. Application of hepatic lobe hyperplasia techniques in the treatment of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a single-centre experience. BMC Surg 2022; 22:415. [PMID: 36474286 PMCID: PMC9724394 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate clinical efficiency and application indications of hepatic lobe hyperplasia techniques for advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE) patients. METHODS A retrospective case series covering 19 advanced hepatic AE patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from September 2014 to December 2021 and undergoing hepatic lobe hyperplasia techniques due to insufficient remnant liver volume were analyzed. Changes of liver function, lesions volume, remnant liver volume, total liver volume before and after operation have been observed. RESULTS Among the patients, 15 underwent portal vein embolization (PVE). There was no statistical difference in total liver volume and lesions volume before and after PVE (P > 0.05). However, the remnant liver volume was significantly increased after PVE (P < 0.05). The median monthly increase rate in future liver remnant volume (FLRV) after PVE stood at 4.49% (IQR 3.55-7.06). Among the four patients undergoing two-stage hepatectomy (TSH), FLRV was larger than that before the first stage surgery, and the median monthly increase rate in FLRV after it stood at 3.34% (IQR 2.17-4.61). Despite no statistical difference in total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (Alb), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in all patients with PVE, four patients who underwent TSH showed a decrease in ALT, AST and GGT. During the waiting process before the second stage operation, no serious complications occurred in all patients. CONCLUSIONS For patients suffering from advanced hepatic AE with insufficient FLRV, PVE and TSH are safe and feasible in promoting hepatic lobe hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- grid.412631.3Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,Clinical Medical Research Center of Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Disease of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Maolin Wang
- grid.412631.3Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,Clinical Medical Research Center of Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Disease of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Kai Zhong
- grid.412631.3Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,Clinical Medical Research Center of Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Disease of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Jialong Li
- grid.412631.3Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,Clinical Medical Research Center of Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Disease of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- grid.412631.3Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,Clinical Medical Research Center of Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Disease of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Bo Ran
- grid.412631.3Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,Clinical Medical Research Center of Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Disease of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Paizula Shalayiadang
- grid.412631.3Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,Clinical Medical Research Center of Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Disease of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- grid.412631.3Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,Clinical Medical Research Center of Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Disease of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Talaiti Tuergan
- grid.412631.3Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,Clinical Medical Research Center of Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Disease of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- grid.412631.3Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,Clinical Medical Research Center of Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Disease of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- grid.412631.3Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China ,Clinical Medical Research Center of Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Disease of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang China
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11
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Fan S, Zhao X, Danqulamu, Shi B, Tang W, Dong H, Xia C. Genetic diversity and haplotype analysis of yak and sheep echinococcal cysts isolates from the mitochondrial cox1 gene in parts of Tibet, China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1016972. [PMID: 36419727 PMCID: PMC9678366 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1016972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease, is caused by the metacestode stage of the species cluster Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.). It is almost widespread worldwide, especially in countries and regions dominated by animal husbandry. It is a major parasitic disease that seriously endangers human health, public health safety, environmental safety, and the development of animal husbandry production in western China. In this study, the mitochondrial cox1 gene was used to analyze the genetic diversity and haplotype of bovine and sheep echinococcal cysts isolated in Tibet. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (E. granulosus s.s., G1, G3) was still the dominant species in the infected samples of yak and sheep in some parts of Tibet. Through haplotype analysis, Hap_1 was deemed the dominant haplotype, 14 of the 20 haplotypes were similar to the reference sequence previously published in Genbank, and the rest of the 6 haplotypes were found for the first time. Through Tajima's D value, neutral test Fu's Fs analysis, and haplotype network map, it can be concluded that Echinococcus population expansion has occurred in Xigaze, Tibet. This study provides basic data for understanding the genetic characteristics, epidemiology, and control of echinococcosis in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Fan
- College of Animal Sciences, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China
| | - Xialing Zhao
- Institute of Animai Science of Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Danqulamu
- Institute of Animai Science of Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Institute of Animai Science of Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Institute of Animai Science of Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- College of Animal Sciences, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China
| | - Chenyang Xia
- Institute of Animai Science of Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
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12
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Zhang X, Jian Y, Ma Y, Li Z, Fu Y, Cairang Z, Wang X, Duo H, Guo Z. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Dog Faecal Samples from Public Environments in Qinghai Province, China. Pathogens 2022; 11:1240. [PMID: 36364990 PMCID: PMC9696243 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dogs are popular companions in our daily lives for company, hunting, protection or shepherding, but they also serve as reservoirs for zoonotic parasites. We analysed faecal samples from urban and rural environments in Qinghai Province on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites. A total of 682 faecal samples were collected from four urban and two rural environments from October 2019 to December 2020. The samples were analysed for common intestinal parasites using a species-specific PCR approach. The total number of samples with parasites was 40 (5.87%): 23 (3.37%) were positive for helminths, and 17 (2.49%) were positive for protozoa. The following parasites were identified, and their respective prevalence rates were calculated: Cryptosporidium canis (1.32%), Giardia duodenalis (1.17%, assemblages D (n = 6) and C (n = 2)), Taenia hydatigena (1.03%), Taenia multiceps (0.59%), Toxocara canis (0.59%), Echinococcus shiquicus (0.29%), Dipylidium caninum (0.29%), Taenia pisiformis (0.15%), Mesocestoides lineatus (0.15%), Trichuris vulpis (0.15%), and Ancylostoma spp. (0.15%). The overall prevalence was significantly higher in dog faecal samples from rural environments than in those from urban environments (16.19% vs. 3.99%). E. shiquicus, T. pisiformis, M. lineatus, T. vulpis, and Ancylostoma spp. were only found in dog faecal samples from rural environments. The results of the present study indicate that intestinal parasite-positive dogs are important sources of environmental contamination, suggesting a significant zoonotic infection risk in humans and other animals. This has implications for the ongoing control of intestinal parasite infections in dogs in Qinghai Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyong Zhang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yingna Jian
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yijuan Ma
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhouzai Cairang
- Gangcha County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Haibei 812399, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Guinan County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Hainan 813100, China
| | - Hong Duo
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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13
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Wang LY, Qin M, Gavotte L, Wu WP, Cheng X, Lei JX, Yan J, Frutos R. Societal drivers of human echinococcosis in China. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:385. [PMID: 36271415 PMCID: PMC9587573 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease that threatens human health and economic development. In China, 370 counties are endemic for echinococcosis. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has the most patients and people at risk. Therefore, analyzing the societal factors related to susceptibility to the disease is critical for efficient prevention and control of echinococcosis. METHODS The demographic characteristics and lifestyle of echinococcosis cases were clustered using K-means cluster analysis to determine the main factors of risk of echinococcosis. RESULTS Middle-aged and young people as well as those with a low education level and herdsmen are at risk of contracting echinococcosis. Nomadism, domestic and feral dogs in the surrounding environment, and drinking heavily polluted natural surface water are the main behavioral risk factors. The cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) cluster analysis focused on female, middle-aged, and young people, winter settlement and summer nomadism, and domestic and feral dogs in the surrounding environment. There were significant differences in lifestyle between Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cases and non-Qinghai-Tibet-Plateau cases. CONCLUSION According to the distribution of cases and CE and AE, this study identified the factors of risk of echinococcosis in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and non-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Adapted control techniques appropriate for the various epidemic areas should be established to serve as a reference for echinococcosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Wang
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, China.,Espace-Dev, UMR 228, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Min Qin
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Laurent Gavotte
- Espace-Dev, UMR 228, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Wei-Ping Wu
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Cheng
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xi Lei
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Roger Frutos
- Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
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14
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Zheng J, Shen G, Hu S, Han X, Zhu S, Liu J, He R, Zhang N, Hsieh CW, Xue H, Zhang B, Shen Y, Mao Y, Zhu B. Small-scale spatiotemporal epidemiology of notifiable infectious diseases in China: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:723. [PMID: 36064333 PMCID: PMC9442567 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of infectious diseases remains one of the major challenges faced by the Chinese health sector. Policymakers have a tremendous interest in investigating the spatiotemporal epidemiology of infectious diseases. We aimed to review the small-scale (city level, county level, or below) spatiotemporal epidemiology of notifiable infectious diseases in China through a systematic review, thus summarizing the evidence to facilitate more effective prevention and control of the diseases. Methods We searched four English language databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, and SinoMed), for studies published between January 1, 2004 (the year in which China’s Internet-based disease reporting system was established) and December 31, 2021. Eligible works were small-scale spatial or spatiotemporal studies focusing on at least one notifiable infectious disease, with the entire territory of mainland China as the study area. Two independent reviewers completed the review process based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results A total of 18,195 articles were identified, with 71 eligible for inclusion, focusing on 22 diseases. Thirty-one studies (43.66%) were analyzed using city-level data, 34 (47.89%) were analyzed using county-level data, and six (8.45%) used community or individual data. Approximately four-fifths (80.28%) of the studies visualized incidence using rate maps. Of these, 76.06% employed various spatial clustering methods to explore the spatial variations in the burden, with Moran’s I statistic being the most common. Of the studies, 40.85% explored risk factors, in which the geographically weighted regression model was the most commonly used method. Climate, socioeconomic factors, and population density were the three most considered factors. Conclusions Small-scale spatiotemporal epidemiology has been applied in studies on notifiable infectious diseases in China, involving spatiotemporal distribution and risk factors. Health authorities should improve prevention strategies and clarify the direction of future work in the field of infectious disease research in China. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07669-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Zheng
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoquan Shen
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongxin He
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Chih-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Public Policy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Laboratory for Urban Future, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Mao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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15
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From liver surgery to liver transplant surgery: new developments in autotransplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2022; 27:337-345. [PMID: 36354260 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In spite of substantial technical improvements and conceptual revolutions in advanced liver surgery, there are still straitened circumstances that pose difficulties for in-situ liver resections. Ex-vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) is a hybrid technique combining experiences from conventional liver surgery and liver transplantation. This technique is becoming more comprehensive and popular among leading centers recently. RECENT FINDINGS Short-term and long-term outcomes are now the focus of the technique after more than a decade of cumulative progress and technical evolution. As the 5-year survival nowadays reaches over 80%, this technique is believed to be beneficial for advanced tumors. In recent years, ELRA has been applied by more centers on larger scales, and the learning curve was set at 53 cases. Progresses in disease selection, surgical indications, individualized outflow reconstruction, or autograft implantation, management of co-morbidities (e.g., Budd-Chiari syndrome, caval and/or neighboring organ involvements, obstructive jaundice) propelled the development of the technique. SUMMARY This hybrid liver surgery will benefit for carefully selected patients presented with advanced benign diseases and well-differentiated malignancies.
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16
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Zhang T, Li B, Liu Y, Liu S. Risk Factors Associated With Echinococcosis in the General Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:821265. [PMID: 35655451 PMCID: PMC9152270 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.821265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic disease that imposes a substantial burden on human life. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize available data on the prevalence of human echinococcosis and identify the key risk factors for echinococcosis in the Chinese general population. Methods Relevant studies were comprehensively searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Information (VIP), Wanfang and SinoMed databases until August 22, 2020. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The I2 and Q statistics were calculated to evaluate the heterogeneity, and potential sources of heterogeneity were identified using sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plots and Egger's test. Results A total of 1026 studies were identified through the database search, of which 26 were eligible for this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of AE and CE were 2.88% and 5.66%, respectively. Ethnicity (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.81–4.75; I2 = 0), herdsman occupation (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.25–3.14; I2 = 8.0%), not washing hands before meals (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.34–4.28; I2 = 82.8%) and being female (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26–1.66; I2 = 33.9%) were risk factors for AE. The top five risk factors for CE were ethnicity (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.55–6.52; I2 = 79.2%), nomadism (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.65–4.47; I2 = 55.8%), drinking nonboiled water (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.36–4.47; I2 = 85.7), feeding viscera to dogs (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.89–2.91; I2 = 21.5%), and herdsman occupation (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.67–2.86; I2 = 85.1%). Conclusions This study generalized articles that have contributed to our current understanding of the epidemic of human echinococcosis (AE and CE) in China over the years. The results support that the ethnicity and dog-related factors are major risk factors for both CE and AE. The identification of echinococcosis risk factors may aid researchers and policymakers in improving surveillance and preventive measures aimed at reducing Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shou Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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17
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Cai B, Li C, Luo Z, Ciren D, Guo W, Huang J, Dawa Q. Efficacy and safety of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and thoracotomy in the treatment of pulmonary hydatid disease in the Tibetan Plateau: a retrospective study. J Thorac Dis 2022; 14:2247-2253. [PMID: 35813763 PMCID: PMC9264056 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) plays an increasingly significant part in treating thoracic disease, the role of thoracotomy is not replaced in cystic echinococcosis. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the application of VATS and traditional thoracotomy in the treatment of pulmonary hydatid disease in Shigatse of the Tibet Plateau and to compare the clinical safety and efficacy of these two surgical approaches. Methods A total of 53 patients with pulmonary hydatid who received thoracoscopic cystectomy with needle aspiration from January 2015 to December 2020 were enrolled in the study, and 126 patients who received thoracotomy during the same period were matched as the control group. The clinical characteristics, operative time, incidence of perioperative complications, length of stay, and hospitalization cost of the VATS and thoracotomy groups were analyzed to compare the safety and efficacy. Patients were followed up through telephone and outpatient service. In order to balance potential confounding baseline factors, propensity-score matching (PSM) was applied to establish a 1:1 VATS to thoracotomy group ratio. Results There were statistically significant differences between the VATS group and the thoracotomy group in operative time, blood loss, drainage volume, and postoperative hospital stay (P<0.05), with the VATS group being superior to the thoracotomy group. There were no significant differences in postoperative complications, adverse imaging outcomes, or recurrence rates between the 2 groups. In terms of complications, there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative air leakage, atelectasis, or other common complications between the 2 groups, while the frequency of postoperative fever and incision infection in the thoracotomy group was significantly higher than that in the VATS group (P<0.05). Moreover, the postoperative recurrence rate between the 2 groups showed no significant difference after a 3-year follow-up. Conclusions Compared to traditional thoracotomy, VATS had acceptable efficacy and safety and it could further accelerate postoperative recovery and reduce the cost in the treatment of pulmonary hydatid disease in the Tibetan Plateau. Thus, VATS should be promoted more widely to other Tibetan regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjie Cai
- Department of Thoracic Urological Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Thoracic Urological Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Zhui Luo
- Department of Thoracic Urological Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Dunzhu Ciren
- Department of Thoracic Urological Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Weigang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Thoracic Urological Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China.,Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingda Dawa
- Department of Thoracic Urological Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China
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18
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Khan H, Casulli A, Harandi MF, Afzal MS, Saqib MAN, Ahmed H. A Retrospective Cohort Study on Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (Pakistan) Based on 16 Years of Hospital Discharge Records. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020194. [PMID: 35215137 PMCID: PMC8876560 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a worldwide-distributed parasitic zoonotic disease, which represents a threat for both human and animals. The current study aimed at estimating the prevalence of human CE in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan. Clinical records from four major hospitals in this region were reviewed for CE human cases during the period of 2006–2021. Out of 251 (0.00071%) CE patients identified during the considered period, 142 (56.6%) were females, and 109 (43.4%) were males. The highest number of CE cases was recorded in the 21–30 (27.9%) age group, followed by 31–40 (23.1%) and 41–50 (16.3%). Most of the CE patients in KPK province were members of the Afghani ethnic group (17.1%); secondarily, they were Pakistani (6.4%), while for 76.5% ethnicity data were not available. The liver (41%) and the lungs (4.8%) were the most infected organs identified among CE patients in KPK province. The present study identified CE as a significant public health problem in KPK province, and the current findings demonstrated a constant endemicity of CE during the last 15 years. Further filed studies on the active search of CE carriers by means of ultrasound population-based surveys are needed to fill knowledge gaps on clinical and molecular epidemiology of human CE in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 4550, Pakistan;
| | - Adriano Casulli
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (H.A.)
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Medical Parasitology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 761, Iran;
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore 54782, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, National Skills University Islamabad, Islamabad 4550, Pakistan;
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 4550, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (H.A.)
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