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Serna JDP, Alves OC, Abreu F, Acosta-Avalos D. Magnetite in the abdomen and antennae of Apis mellifera honeybees. J Biol Phys 2024; 50:215-228. [PMID: 38727764 PMCID: PMC11106226 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-024-09656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The detection of magnetic fields by animals is known as magnetoreception. The ferromagnetic hypothesis explains magnetoreception assuming that magnetic nanoparticles are used as magnetic field transducers. Magnetite nanoparticles in the abdomen of Apis mellifera honeybees have been proposed in the literature as the magnetic field transducer. However, studies with ants and stingless bees have shown that the whole body of the insect contain magnetic material, and that the largest magnetization is in the antennae. The aim of the present study is to investigate the magnetization of all the body parts of honeybees as has been done with ants and stingless bees. To do that, the head without antennae, antennae, thorax, and abdomen obtained from Apis mellifera honeybees were analyzed using magnetometry and Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) techniques. The magnetometry and FMR measurements show the presence of magnetic material in all honeybee body parts. Our results present evidence of the presence of biomineralized magnetite nanoparticles in the honeybee abdomen and, for the first time, magnetite in the antennae. FMR measurements permit to identify the magnetite in the abdomen as biomineralized. As behavioral experiments reported in the literature have shown that the abdomen is involved in magnetoreception, new experimental approaches must be done to confirm or discard the involvement of the antennae in magnetoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilder Dandy Peña Serna
- Coordenação de Física Aplicada (COMAN), Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), R. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Odivaldo Cambraia Alves
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Outeiro de São Joao Batista, Campus do Valonguinho, Centro, RJ, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Coordenação de Física Aplicada (COMAN), Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), R. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil.
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2
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Xu S, Zhang G, Zhang J, Liu W, Wang Y, Fu X. Advances in Brain Tumor Therapy Based on the Magnetic Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7803-7823. [PMID: 38144513 PMCID: PMC10749175 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s444319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors, including primary gliomas and brain metastases, are one of the deadliest tumors because effective macromolecular antitumor drugs cannot easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BTB). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are considered the most suitable nanocarriers for the delivery of brain tumor drugs because of their unique properties compared to other nanoparticles. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of these nanoparticles in magnetic targeting, nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic thermal therapy, and ultrasonic hyperthermia. To further develop and optimize MNPs for the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors, we attempt to outline recent advances in the use of MNPs to deliver drugs, with a particular focus on their efficacy in the delivery of anti-brain tumor drugs based on magnetic targeting and low-intensity focused ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging for surgical real-time guidance, and magnetothermal and ultrasonic hyperthermia therapy. Furthermore, we summarize recent findings on the clinical application of MNPs and the research limitations that need to be addressed in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, the First Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaomei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, the First Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiying Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Thill A, Cammaerts MC, Balmori A. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields on insects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2023-0072. [PMID: 37990587 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, insects are declining at an alarming rate. Among other causes, the use of pesticides and modern agricultural practices play a major role in this. Cumulative effects of multiple low-dose toxins and the distribution of toxicants in nature have only started to be investigated in a methodical way. Existing research indicates another factor of anthropogenic origin that could have subtle harmful effects: the increasingly frequent use of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from man-made technologies. This systematic review summarizes the results of studies investigating the toxicity of electromagnetic fields in insects. The main objective of this review is to weigh the evidence regarding detrimental effects on insects from the increasing technological infrastructure, with a particular focus on power lines and the cellular network. The next generation of mobile communication technologies, 5G, is being deployed - without having been tested in respect of potential toxic effects. With humanity's quest for pervasiveness of technology, even modest effects of electromagnetic fields on organisms could eventually reach a saturation level that can no longer be ignored. An overview of reported effects and biological mechanisms of exposure to electromagnetic fields, which addresses new findings in cell biology, is included. Biological effects of non-thermal EMF on insects are clearly proven in the laboratory, but only partly in the field, thus the wider ecological implications are still unknown. There is a need for more field studies, but extrapolating from the laboratory, as is common practice in ecotoxicology, already warrants increasing the threat level of environmental EMF impact on insects.
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Serna JDP, Antonialli-Junior W, Antonio DS, Batista NR, Alves OC, Abreu F, Acosta-Avalos D. Magnetic nanoparticles in the body parts of Polistes versicolor and Polybia paulista wasps are biomineralized: evidence from magnetization measurements and ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biometals 2023; 36:877-886. [PMID: 36602694 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The detection of the geomagnetic field by animals to use as a cue in homing and migration is known as magnetoreception. The ferromagnetic hypothesis explains magnetoreception assuming that magnetic nanoparticles in cellular structures are used as magnetic field transducers. Considering magnetoreception in social insects, the most studied has been the honeybee Apis mellifera and only in two wasp species (Vespa orientalis and Polybia paulista) have been shown a magnetosensitive behavior. In the present report the body parts (abdomen, head and antennae) of Polistes versicolor and Polybia paulista wasps were studied aiming to find biomineralized magnetic nanoparticles, using magnetometry measurements and ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The magnetometry measurements show the presence of magnetic nanoparticles in all body parts, being characterized as mixtures of superparamagnetic, single domain and pseudo-single domain nanoparticles. From the ferromagnetic resonance spectra were obtained the asymmetry ratio A and the effective g factor geff, and those parameters are consistent with the presence of biomineralized magnetic nanoparticles in both wasps. In the case of Polybia paulista, the magnetic nanoparticles can be associated with some sort of magnetosensor once this wasp is magnetosensitive. For Polistes versicolor, the results indicate that this wasp can be magnetosensitive as Polybia paulista once their magnetic nanoparticles are biomineralized in the body. Behavioral studies with Polistes versicolor wasps deserve to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilder Dandy Peña Serna
- Coordenação de Materia Condensada, Física Aplicada e Nanociencia, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, R. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - William Antonialli-Junior
- Laboratorio de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise Sguarizi Antonio
- Laboratorio de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Nathan Rodrigues Batista
- Laboratorio de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Odivaldo Cambraia Alves
- Universidade Federal Fluminense-UFF, Outeiro de São Joao Batista, Campus do Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Coordenação de Materia Condensada, Física Aplicada e Nanociencia, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, R. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil.
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Molina-Montenegro MA, Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Ballesteros GI, Baldelomar M, Torres-Díaz C, Broitman BR, Vázquez DP. Electromagnetic fields disrupt the pollination service by honeybees. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1455. [PMID: 37172085 PMCID: PMC10181175 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effect that electromagnetic field (EMF) exerts on honeybees' pollination efficiency using field and laboratory experiments. First, we measured levels of gene and protein expression in metabolic pathways involved in stress and behavioral responses elicited by EMF. Second, we assessed the effect of EMF on honeybee behavior and seed production by the honeybee-pollinated California poppy and, lastly, by measuring the consequences of pollination failure on plants' community richness and abundance. EMF exposure exerted strong physiological stress on honeybees as shown by the enhanced expression of heat-shock proteins and genes involved in antioxidant activity and affected the expression levels of behavior-related genes. Moreover, California poppy individuals growing near EMF received fewer honeybee visits and produced fewer seeds than plants growing far from EMF. Last, we found a hump-shaped relationship between EMF and plant species richness and plant abundance. Our study provides conclusive evidence of detrimental impacts of EMF on honeybee's pollination behavior, leading to negative effects on plant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Molina-Montenegro
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa (CEI), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa (CEI), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I), Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gabriel I. Ballesteros
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa (CEI), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I), Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Mariela Baldelomar
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa (CEI), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Grupo de Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (BCG), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Bernardo R. Broitman
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Diego P. Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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Tong T, Zhou Y, Fei F, Zhou X, Guo Z, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhang P, Cai T, Li G, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xie C. The rational design of iron-sulfur cluster binding site for prolonged stability in magnetoreceptor MagR. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1051943. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1051943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur proteins play essential roles in a wide variety of cellular processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and magnetoreception. The stability of iron-sulfur clusters varies significantly between anaerobic and aerobic conditions due to their intrinsic sensitivity to oxygen. Iron-sulfur proteins are well suited to various practical applications as molecular redox sensors or molecular “wires” for electron transfer. Various technologies have been developed recently using one particular iron-sulfur protein, MagR, as a magnetic tag. However, the limited protein stability and low magnetic sensitivity of MagR hindered its wide application. Here in this study, the iron-sulfur binding site of pigeon clMagR was rationally re-designed. One such mutation, T57C in pigeon MagR, showed improved iron-sulfur binding efficiency and higher iron content, as well as prolonged thermostability. Thus, clMagRT57C can serve as a prototype for further design of more stable and sensitive magnetic toolbox for magnetogenetics in the future.
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Gorobets S, Gorobets O, Gorobets Y, Bulaievska M. Chain-Like Structures of Biogenic and Nonbiogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles in Vascular Tissues. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:119-143. [PMID: 35077582 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, slices of organs from various organisms (animals, plants, fungi) were investigated by using atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy to identify common features of localization of both biogenic and nonbiogenic magnetic nanoparticles. It was revealed that both biogenic and nonbiogenic magnetic nanoparticles are localized in the form of chains of separate nanoparticles or chains of conglomerates of nanoparticles in the walls of the capillaries of animals and the walls of the conducting tissue of plants and fungi. Both biogenic and nonbiogenic magnetic nanoparticles are embedded as a part of the transport system in multicellular organisms. In connection with this, a new idea of the function of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles is discussed, that the chains of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles and chains of conglomerates of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles represent ferrimagnetic organelles of a specific purpose. Besides, magnetic dipole-dipole interaction of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles with magnetically labeled drugs or contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging should be considered when designing the drug delivery and other medical systems because biogenic magnetic nanoparticles in capillary walls will serve as the trapping centers for the artificial magnetic nanoparticles. The aggregates of both artificial and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles can be formed, contributing to the risk of vascular occlusion. Bioelectromagnetics. 43:119-143, 2022. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine.,Institute of Magnetism NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuri Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine.,Institute of Magnetism NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Bulaievska
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine
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8
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Hsu CY, Weng YT. Long-term inhibition of ferritin2 synthesis in trophocytes and oenocytes by ferritin2 double-stranded RNA ingestion to investigate the mechanisms of magnetoreception in honey bees (Apis mellifera). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256341. [PMID: 34411154 PMCID: PMC8376008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral studies indicate that honey bees (Apis mellifera) have a capacity for magnetoreception and superparamagnetic magnetite is suggested to be a magnetoreceptor. The long-term inhibition of magnetite formation can be employed to explore the bee's magnetoreception. A recent study shows that magnetite formation, ferritin2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and the protein synthesis of ferritin2 in trophocytes and oenocytes were all inhibited by a single injection of ferritin2 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into the hemolymph of honey bees but how to maintain this knockdown of ferritin2 for the long-term is unknown. In this study, we injected ferritin2 dsRNA into the hemolymph of worker bees three times every six days to maintain long-term inhibition; however, multi-microinjections accelerated the death of the bees. To overcome this problem, we further reared newly emerged worker bees daily with ferritin2 dsRNA throughout their lives, demonstrating no impact on their lifespans. Follow-up assays showed that the mRNA expression and protein synthesis of ferritin2 were persistently inhibited. These findings verified that daily ferritin2 dsRNA ingestion not only displays the long-term inhibition of mRNA expression and protein synthesis of ferritin2, but also did not damage the bees. This method of long-term inhibition can be used in behavioral studies of magnetoreception in honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Weng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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9
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Párraga DG, Tyack PL, Marco-Cabedo V, Crespo-Picazo JL, Manteca X, Martí-Bonmatí L. Effects of 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging exposure on the behavior and orientation of homing pigeons Columba livia domestica. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241280. [PMID: 33338040 PMCID: PMC7748148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Homing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) were used to test whether clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging disrupts orientation of animals that sense the earth’s magnetic field. Thirty young pigeons were randomly separated into three groups (n = 10/group). Two groups were anaesthetized and exposed to either a constant (no sequence) or a varying (gradient echo and echo planar sequences) magnetic field within a 3 Tesla MR unit for 15 minutes. The control group was not exposed to the MR field but shared all other aspects of the procedure. One day later, animals were released from a site they had never visited, 15 km from the home loft. Three weeks after the procedure, animals were released from a different unfamiliar site 30 km from the loft. Measured variables included the time to disappear from sight (seconds), vanishing bearing (angle), and the time interval from release to entering the home loft (hours). On first release, the group exposed to varying field gradients during image acquisition using 2 different standard sequences showed more variability in the vanishing bearing compared to the other groups (p = 0.0003 compared to control group), suggesting interference with orientation. Other measures did not show significant differences between groups. On second release, there were no significant differences between groups. Our results on homing pigeons show that regular clinical MR imaging exposure may temporarily affect the orientation of species that have magnetoreception capabilities. If exposure to MR imaging disrupted processes that are not specific to magnetoreception, then it may affect other species and other capabilities as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García Párraga
- Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
- Biology Department, Avanqua-Oceanográfic SL, Valencia, Spain
| | - Peter L. Tyack
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Vicente Marco-Cabedo
- Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Manteca
- School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Martí-Bonmatí
- Medical Imaging Department and Biomedical Imaging Research Group at La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital and Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Syromyatnikov MY, Gureev AP, Starkova NN, Savinkova OV, Starkov AA, Lopatin AV, Popov VN. Method for detection of mtDNA damages for evaluating of pesticides toxicity for bumblebees (Bombus terrestris L.). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104675. [PMID: 32828362 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bumblebees are important for crop pollination. Currently, the number of pollinators is decreasing worldwide, which is attributed mostly to the widespread use of pesticides. The aim of this work was to develop a method for assessing the genotoxicity of pesticides for the Bombus terrestris L. bumblebee using long-range PCR of mitochondrial DNA fragments. We have developed a panel of primers and assessed the genotoxicity of the following pesticides: imidacloprid, rotenone, deltamethrin, difenocanozole, malathion, metribuzin, penconazole, esfenvalerate, and dithianon. All pesticides (except imidacloprid) inhibited mitochondrial respiration fueled by pyruvate + malate; the strongest effect was observed for rotenone and difenocanozole. Three pesticides (dithianon, rotenone, and difenocanozole) affected the rate of H2O2 production. To study the pesticide-induced DNA damage in vitro and in vivo, we used three different mtDNA. The mtDNA damage was observed for all studied pesticides. Most of the studied pesticides caused significant damage to mtDNA in vitro and in vivo when ingested. Our results indicate that all tested pesticides, including herbicides and fungicides, can have a toxic effect on pollinators. However, the extent of pesticide-induced mtDNA damage in the flight muscles was significantly less upon the contact compared to the oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y Syromyatnikov
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, University sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia; Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Revolution Av. 19, Voronezh 394036, Russia.
| | - Artem P Gureev
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, University sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia
| | - Natalia N Starkova
- Maritime College, State University of New York, 6 Pennyfield Avenue Throggs Neck, NY 10465, USA
| | - Olga V Savinkova
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, University sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Weill Medical College Cornell University, 525 E 68th street, A501, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexey V Lopatin
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, University sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia
| | - Vasily N Popov
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, University sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia; Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Revolution Av. 19, Voronezh 394036, Russia
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11
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Chicas‐Mosier AM, Radi M, Lafferrandre J, O'Hara JF, Vora HD, Abramson CI. Low Strength Magnetic Fields Serve as a Cue for Foraging Honey Bees but Prior Experience is More Indicative of Choice. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 41:458-470. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Chicas‐Mosier
- Department of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater Stillwater Oklahoma
| | - Medhat Radi
- Department of Pest Physiology Plant Protection Research Institute Dokki Egypt
| | - Jack Lafferrandre
- Department of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater Stillwater Oklahoma
| | - John F. O'Hara
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma
| | - Hitesh D. Vora
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma
| | - Charles I. Abramson
- Department of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater Stillwater Oklahoma
- Department of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater Stillwater Oklahoma
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12
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Multimodal interactions in insect navigation. Anim Cogn 2020; 23:1129-1141. [PMID: 32323027 PMCID: PMC7700066 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-020-01383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Animals travelling through the world receive input from multiple sensory modalities that could be important for the guidance of their journeys. Given the availability of a rich array of cues, from idiothetic information to input from sky compasses and visual information through to olfactory and other cues (e.g. gustatory, magnetic, anemotactic or thermal) it is no surprise to see multimodality in most aspects of navigation. In this review, we present the current knowledge of multimodal cue use during orientation and navigation in insects. Multimodal cue use is adapted to a species’ sensory ecology and shapes navigation behaviour both during the learning of environmental cues and when performing complex foraging journeys. The simultaneous use of multiple cues is beneficial because it provides redundant navigational information, and in general, multimodality increases robustness, accuracy and overall foraging success. We use examples from sensorimotor behaviours in mosquitoes and flies as well as from large scale navigation in ants, bees and insects that migrate seasonally over large distances, asking at each stage how multiple cues are combined behaviourally and what insects gain from using different modalities.
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13
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Pereira MC, Guimarães IDC, Acosta-Avalos D, Antonialli Junior WF. Can altered magnetic field affect the foraging behaviour of ants? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225507. [PMID: 31765398 PMCID: PMC6876837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Social insects such as ants can use geomagnetic field information in orientation and navigation tasks. However, few studies have assessed the effect of magnetic fields on aspects such as orientation and decision making during foraging of ants. Therefore, the present study aims to test the hypothesis that foragers of different species of ants with different foraging strategies when under effect of applied magnetic field change the patterns of search for resources and recruitment of ants. We used two species with solitary foraging strategy, Ectatomma brunneum and Neoponera inversa, and another with mass recruitment, Pheidole sp. The experiments were performed in field and laboratory conditions. We used some parameters for comparison such as speed, distance and time during foraging in the field and laboratory experiments, under normal and applied magnetic field with the coils on and off. We also performed SQUID magnetometry analysis for all species. The results demonstrate that changes in normal values of magnetic field affect workers behaviour of the three species. Thus, we can conclude that ants under the effect of applied magnetic fields can suffer significant changes in their foraging activities decreasing the flow of workers, increasing the travelled distance from the nest to the resource and back to the nest, in addition to time and distance to fetch the resource and decision-making, in both types of species, those which have mass recruitment, or forage individually, and that the three species are magnetosensitive, being affected by changes of low intensity in the local magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márlon César Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Center of Studies on Natural Resources, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ingrid de Carvalho Guimarães
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Center of Studies on Natural Resources, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - William Fernando Antonialli Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Center of Studies on Natural Resources, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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PRODUCTION OF MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED BIOSORBENTS BASED ON FUNGI Agaricus bisporus AND Lentinula edodes. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech12.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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15
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Hsu CY, Lo HF, Mutti NS, Amdam GV. Ferritin RNA interference inhibits the formation of iron granules in the trophocytes of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera). Sci Rep 2019; 9:10098. [PMID: 31417113 PMCID: PMC6695493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron granules containing superparamagnetic magnetite act as magnetoreceptor for magnetoreception in honey bees. Biomineralization of iron granules occurs in the iron deposition vesicles of trophocytes and requires the participation of actin, myosin, ferritin2, and ATP synthase. The mechanism of magnetoreception in honey bees can be explored by suppressing the formation of iron granules. Toward this goal, we injected double-stranded RNA of ferritin2 and ferritin1 into newly emerged worker honey bees to knock down these genes via RNA interference. We confirmed that mRNA and protein production of the ferritins was inhibited, leading to immature iron granules. Downregulating ferritin2 and ferritin1, moreover, leads to different deposition morphology of 7.5-nm diameter iron particles, indicating that the two genes play different roles in the formation of iron granules in worker honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Fan Lo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Navdeep S Mutti
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona, USA.,Corteva Agriscience, Indiana, USA
| | - Gro V Amdam
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona, USA.,Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
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16
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Odemer R, Odemer F. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) on honey bee queen development and mating success. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:553-562. [PMID: 30682608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phones can be found almost everywhere across the globe, upholding a direct point-to-point connection between the device and the broadcast tower. The emission of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) puts the surrounding environment inevitably into contact with this radiation. We have therefore exposed honey bee queen larvae to the radiation of a common mobile phone device (GSM band at 900 MHz) during all stages of their pre-adult development including pupation. After 14 days of exposure, hatching of adult queens was assessed and mating success after further 11 days, respectively. Moreover, full colonies were established of five of the untreated and four of the treated queens to contrast population dynamics. We found that mobile phone radiation had significantly reduced the hatching ratio but not the mating success. If treated queens had successfully mated, colony development was not adversely affected. We provide evidence that mobile phone radiation may alter pupal development, once succeeded this point, no further impairment has manifested in adulthood. Our results are discussed against the background of long-lasting consequences for colony performance and the possible implication on periodic colony losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Odemer
- University of Hohenheim, Apicultural State Institute, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Franziska Odemer
- University of Hohenheim, Apicultural State Institute, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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17
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Gorobets S, Gorobets O, Kovalchuk I, Yevzhyk L. Determination of Potential Producers of Biogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles Among the Fungi Representatives of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota Divisions. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2018.2.4.147310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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18
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Detection of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles in ethmoid bones of migratory and non-migratory fishes. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-018-0072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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19
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Shaw JA, Boyd A, House M, Cowin G, Baer B. Multi-modal imaging and analysis in the search for iron-based magnetoreceptors in the honeybee Apis mellifera. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181163. [PMID: 30839746 PMCID: PMC6170574 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The honeybee Apis mellifera is one of many animal species for which empirical evidence of a magnetic sense has been provided. The underlying mechanisms postulated for magnetoreception in bees are varied, but most point towards the abdomen as the most likely anatomical region for its location, partly owing to the large accumulation of iron in trophocyte cells that comprise the honeybee fat body. Using a multi-modal imaging and analysis approach, we have investigated iron in the honeybee, with a particular focus on the abdomen and the utility of such techniques as applied to magnetoreception. Abdominal iron is shown to accumulate rapidly, reaching near maximum levels only 5 days after emerging from the comb and is associated with the accumulation of iron within the fat body. While fat body iron could be visualized, no regions of interest, other than perhaps the fat body itself, were identified as potential sites for magnetoreceptive cells. If an iron-based magnetoreceptor exists within the honeybee abdomen the large accumulation of iron in the fat body is likely to impede its discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Shaw
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Alastair Boyd
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Michael House
- School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Gary Cowin
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Boris Baer
- Centre for Integrative Bee Research, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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20
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Pall ML. Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:405-416. [PMID: 29573716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Repeated Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including EEG changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload. Each of these effects are also caused by exposures to other microwave frequency EMFs, with each such effect being documented in from 10 to 16 reviews. Therefore, each of these seven EMF effects are established effects of Wi-Fi and of other microwave frequency EMFs. Each of these seven is also produced by downstream effects of the main action of such EMFs, voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation. While VGCC activation via EMF interaction with the VGCC voltage sensor seems to be the predominant mechanism of action of EMFs, other mechanisms appear to have minor roles. Minor roles include activation of other voltage-gated ion channels, calcium cyclotron resonance and the geomagnetic magnetoreception mechanism. Five properties of non-thermal EMF effects are discussed. These are that pulsed EMFs are, in most cases, more active than are non-pulsed EMFs; artificial EMFs are polarized and such polarized EMFs are much more active than non-polarized EMFs; dose-response curves are non-linear and non-monotone; EMF effects are often cumulative; and EMFs may impact young people more than adults. These general findings and data presented earlier on Wi-Fi effects were used to assess the Foster and Moulder (F&M) review of Wi-Fi. The F&M study claimed that there were seven important studies of Wi-Fi that each showed no effect. However, none of these were Wi-Fi studies, with each differing from genuine Wi-Fi in three distinct ways. F&M could, at most conclude that there was no statistically significant evidence of an effect. The tiny numbers studied in each of these seven F&M-linked studies show that each of them lack power to make any substantive conclusions. In conclusion, there are seven repeatedly found Wi-Fi effects which have also been shown to be caused by other similar EMF exposures. Each of the seven should be considered, therefore, as established effects of Wi-Fi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Pall
- Washington State University, 638 NE 41st Avenue, Portland, OR 97232-3312, USA.
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21
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Magnetic-field induced rotation of magnetosome chains in silicified magnetotactic bacteria. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7699. [PMID: 29769616 PMCID: PMC5955880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological processes enabling magnetotactic bacteria to maintain oriented chains of magnetic iron-bearing nanoparticles called magnetosomes is a major challenge. The study aimed to constrain the role of an external applied magnetic field on the alignment of magnetosome chains in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 magnetotactic bacteria immobilized within a hydrated silica matrix. A deviation of the chain orientation was evidenced, without significant impact on cell viability, which was preserved after the field was turned-off. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the crystallographic orientation of the nanoparticles within the chains were preserved. Off-axis electron holography evidenced that the change in magnetosome orientation was accompanied by a shift from parallel to anti-parallel interactions between individual nanocrystals. The field-induced destructuration of the chain occurs according to two possible mechanisms: (i) each magnetosome responds individually and reorients in the magnetic field direction and/or (ii) short magnetosome chains deviate in the magnetic field direction. This work enlightens the strong dynamic character of the magnetosome assembly and widens the potentialities of magnetotactic bacteria in bionanotechnology.
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22
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Ferritin from the haemolymph of adult ants: an extraction method for characterization and a ferromagnetic study. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2018; 47:641-653. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Mosabbir AA, Truong K. Genetically Encoded Circuit for Remote Regulation of Cell Migration by Magnetic Fields. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:718-726. [PMID: 29343055 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoreception can be generally defined as the ability to transduce the effects of a magnetic field into a cellular response. Magnetic stimulation at the cellular level is particularly attractive due to its ability for deep penetration and minimal invasiveness, allowing remote regulation of engineered biological processes. Previously, a magnetic-responsive genetic circuit was engineered using the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and the iron containing ferritin protein (i.e., the TF circuit). In this study, we combined the TF circuit with a Ca2+ activated RhoA protein (CaRQ) to allow a magnetic field to remotely regulate cell migration. Cells expressing the TF circuit and CaRQ exhibited consistent dynamic protrusions, leading to migration along a porous membrane, directed spreading in response to a magnetic field gradient, as well as wound healing. This work offers a compelling interface for programmable electrical devices to control the migration of living systems for potential applications in cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Mosabbir
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kevin Truong
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Edward
S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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24
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Lambinet V, Hayden ME, Reigl K, Gomis S, Gries G. Linking magnetite in the abdomen of honey bees to a magnetoreceptive function. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2873. [PMID: 28330921 PMCID: PMC5378088 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of magnetoreception in honey bees, Apis mellifera, focused on the identification of magnetic material, its formation, the location of the receptor and potential underlying sensory mechanisms, but never directly linked magnetic material to a magnetoreceptive function. In our study, we demonstrate that ferromagnetic material consistent with magnetite plays an integral role in the bees' magnetoreceptor. Subjecting lyophilized and pelletized bee tagmata to analyses by a superconducting quantum interference device generated a distinct hysteresis loop for the abdomen but not for the thorax or the head of bees, indicating the presence of ferromagnetic material in the bee abdomen. Magnetic remanence of abdomen pellets produced from bees that were, or were not, exposed to the 2.2-kOe field of a magnet while alive differed, indicating that magnet exposure altered the magnetization of this magnetite in live bees. In behavioural two-choice field experiments, bees briefly exposed to the same magnet, but not sham-treated control bees, failed to sense a custom-generated magnetic anomaly, indicating that magnet exposure had rendered the bees' magnetoreceptor dysfunctional. Our data support the conclusion that honey bees possess a magnetite-based magnetoreceptor located in the abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Lambinet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katharina Reigl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Surath Gomis
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerhard Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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Insight into shark magnetic field perception from empirical observations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11042. [PMID: 28887553 PMCID: PMC5591188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Elasmobranch fishes are among a broad range of taxa believed to gain positional information and navigate using the earth’s magnetic field, yet in sharks, much remains uncertain regarding the sensory receptors and pathways involved, or the exact nature of perceived stimuli. Captive sandbar sharks, Carcharhinus plumbeus were conditioned to respond to presentation of a magnetic stimulus by seeking out a target in anticipation of reward (food). Sharks in the study demonstrated strong responses to magnetic stimuli, making significantly more approaches to the target (p = < 0.01) during stimulus activation (S+) than before or after activation (S−). Sharks exposed to reversible magnetosensory impairment were less capable of discriminating changes to the local magnetic field, with no difference seen in approaches to the target under the S+ and S− conditions (p = 0.375). We provide quantified detection and discrimination thresholds of magnetic stimuli presented, and quantify associated transient electrical artefacts. We show that the likelihood of such artefacts serving as the stimulus for observed behavioural responses was low. These impairment experiments support hypotheses that magnetic field perception in sharks is not solely performed via the electrosensory system, and that putative magnetoreceptor structures may be located in the naso-olfactory capsules of sharks.
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26
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Wajnberg E, Rossi AL, Esquivel DMS. Titanium and iron titanium oxide nanoparticles in antennae of the migratory ant Pachycondyla marginata: an alternative magnetic sensor for magnetoreception? Biometals 2017; 30:541-548. [PMID: 28608290 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The most accepted hypothesis of magnetoreception for social insects is the ferromagnetic hypothesis which assumes the presence of magnetic material as a sensor coupled to sensitive structures that transmit the geomagnetic field information to the nervous system. As magnetite is the most common magnetic material observed in living beings, it has been suggested as basic constituent of the magnetoreception system. Antennae and head have been pointed as possible magnetosensor organs in social insects as ants, bees and termites. Samples of three antenna joints: head-scape, scape-pedicel and pedicel-third segment joints were embedded in epoxi resin, ultrathin sectioned and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Selected area electron diffraction patterns and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy were obtained to identify the nanoparticle compound. Besides iron oxides, for the first time, nanoparticles containing titanium have been identified surrounded by tissue in the antennae of ants. Given their dimension and related magnetic characteristics, these nanoparticles are discussed as being part of the magnetosensor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Wajnberg
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, R Xavier Sigaud 150, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil.
| | - André Linhares Rossi
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, R Xavier Sigaud 150, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Darci Motta S Esquivel
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, R Xavier Sigaud 150, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil
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27
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Gorobets O, Gorobets S, Koralewski M. Physiological origin of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles in health and disease: from bacteria to humans. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4371-4395. [PMID: 28652739 PMCID: PMC5476634 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s130565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) in the human brain gives a strong impulse to study and understand their origin. Although knowledge of the subject is increasing continuously, much remains to be done for further development to help our society fight a number of pathologies related to BMNPs. This review provides an insight into the puzzle of the physiological origin of BMNPs in organisms of all three domains of life: prokaryotes, archaea, and eukaryotes, including humans. Predictions based on comparative genomic studies are presented along with experimental data obtained by physical methods. State-of-the-art understanding of the genetic control of biomineralization of BMNPs and their properties are discussed in detail. We present data on the differences in BMNP levels in health and disease (cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and atherosclerosis), and discuss the existing hypotheses on the biological functions of BMNPs, with special attention paid to the role of the ferritin core and apoferritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine (Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute)
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine (Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute)
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28
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Magnetic Sensing through the Abdomen of the Honey bee. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23657. [PMID: 27005398 PMCID: PMC4804335 DOI: 10.1038/srep23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bees have the ability to detect the Earth’s magnetic field, and the suspected magnetoreceptors are the iron granules in the abdomens of the bees. To identify the sensing route of honey bee magnetoreception, we conducted a classical conditioning experiment in which the responses of the proboscis extension reflex (PER) were monitored. Honey bees were successfully trained to associate the magnetic stimulus with a sucrose reward after two days of training. When the neural connection of the ventral nerve cord (VNC) between the abdomen and the thorax was cut, the honey bees no longer associated the magnetic stimulus with the sucrose reward but still responded to an olfactory PER task. The neural responses elicited in response to the change of magnetic field were also recorded at the VNC. Our results suggest that the honey bee is a new model animal for the investigation of magnetite-based magnetoreception.
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29
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Evidence for the presence of biogenic magnetic particles in the nocturnal migratory brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18771. [PMID: 26727944 PMCID: PMC4700427 DOI: 10.1038/srep18771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic magnetic particles have been detected in some migratory insects, which implies the basis of magnetoreception mechanism for orientation and navigation. Here, the biogenic magnetic particles in the migratory brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens were qualitatively measured by SQUID magnetometry, and their characteristics were further determined by Prussian Blue staining, electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that there were remarkable magnetic materials in the abdomens and not in the head or thorax of the 3rd–5th instar nymphs, and in macropterous and brachypterous female and male adults of BPH. The size of magnetic particles was shown to be between 50–450 nm with a shape factor estimate of between 0.8–1.0 for all the tested BPHs. Moreover, the amount of magnetic particles was associated with the developmental stage (the 3rd–5th instar), wing form (macropterous vs. brachypterous) and sex. The macropterous female adults had the largest amount of magnetic particles. Although the existence of magnetic particles in the abdomens of BPH provides sound basis for the assumption of magnetic orientation, further behavioral studies and complementary physical characterization experiments should be conducted to determine whether the orientation behavior of BPH is associated with the magnetic particles detected in this study.
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30
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31
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Shaw J, Boyd A, House M, Woodward R, Mathes F, Cowin G, Saunders M, Baer B. Magnetic particle-mediated magnetoreception. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:0499. [PMID: 26333810 PMCID: PMC4614459 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioural studies underpin the weight of experimental evidence for the existence of a magnetic sense in animals. In contrast, studies aimed at understanding the mechanistic basis of magnetoreception by determining the anatomical location, structure and function of sensory cells have been inconclusive. In this review, studies attempting to demonstrate the existence of a magnetoreceptor based on the principles of the magnetite hypothesis are examined. Specific attention is given to the range of techniques, and main animal model systems that have been used in the search for magnetite particulates. Anatomical location/cell rarity and composition are identified as two key obstacles that must be addressed in order to make progress in locating and characterizing a magnetite-based magnetoreceptor cell. Avenues for further study are suggested, including the need for novel experimental, correlative, multimodal and multidisciplinary approaches. The aim of this review is to inspire new efforts towards understanding the cellular basis of magnetoreception in animals, which will in turn inform a new era of behavioural research based on first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Shaw
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Alastair Boyd
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Michael House
- School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Robert Woodward
- School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Falko Mathes
- School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Gary Cowin
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Martin Saunders
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Boris Baer
- Centre for Integrative Bee Research (CIBER), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Balmori A. Anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as an emerging threat to wildlife orientation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 518-519:58-60. [PMID: 25747364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The rate of scientific activity regarding the effects of anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency (RF) range on animals and plants has been small despite the fact that this topic is relevant to the fields of experimental biology, ecology and conservation due to its remarkable expansion over the past 20 years. Current evidence indicates that exposure at levels that are found in the environment (in urban areas and near base stations) may particularly alter the receptor organs to orient in the magnetic field of the earth. These results could have important implications for migratory birds and insects, especially in urban areas, but could also apply to birds and insects in natural and protected areas where there are powerful base station emitters of radiofrequencies. Therefore, more research on the effects of electromagnetic radiation in nature is needed to investigate this emerging threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Balmori
- Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Castilla y León, C/ Rigoberto Cortejoso, 14, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
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Does the Earth's magnetic field serve as a reference for alignment of the honeybee Waggle dance? PLoS One 2014; 9:e115665. [PMID: 25541731 PMCID: PMC4277305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The honeybee (Apis mellifera) waggle dance, which is performed inside the hive by forager bees, informs hive mates about a potent food source, and recruits them to its location. It consists of a repeated figure-8 pattern: two oppositely directed turns interspersed by a short straight segment, the "waggle run". The waggle run consists of a single stride emphasized by lateral waggling motions of the abdomen. Directional information pointing to a food source relative to the sun's azimuth is encoded in the angle between the waggle run line and a reference line, which is generally thought to be established by gravity. Yet, there is tantalizing evidence that the local (ambient) geomagnetic field (LGMF) could play a role. We tested the effect of the LGMF on the recruitment success of forager bees by placing observation hives inside large Helmholtz coils, and then either reducing the LGMF to 2% or shifting its apparent declination. Neither of these treatments reduced the number of nest mates that waggle dancing forager bees recruited to a feeding station located 200 m north of the hive. These results indicate that the LGMF does not act as the reference for the alignment of waggle-dancing bees.
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Jandacka P, Kasparova B, Jiraskova Y, Dedkova K, Mamulova-Kutlakova K, Kukutschova J. Iron-based granules in body of bumblebees. Biometals 2014; 28:89-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hertlein G, Müller S, Garcia-Gonzalez E, Poppinga L, Süssmuth RD, Genersch E. Production of the catechol type siderophore bacillibactin by the honey bee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108272. [PMID: 25237888 PMCID: PMC4169593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of American Foulbrood. This bacterial infection of honey bee brood is a notifiable epizootic posing a serious threat to global honey bee health because not only individual larvae but also entire colonies succumb to the disease. In the recent past considerable progress has been made in elucidating molecular aspects of host pathogen interactions during pathogenesis of P. larvae infections. Especially the sequencing and annotation of the complete genome of P. larvae was a major step forward and revealed the existence of several giant gene clusters coding for non-ribosomal peptide synthetases which might act as putative virulence factors. We here present the detailed analysis of one of these clusters which we demonstrated to be responsible for the biosynthesis of bacillibactin, a P. larvae siderophore. We first established culture conditions allowing the growth of P. larvae under iron-limited conditions and triggering siderophore production by P. larvae. Using a gene disruption strategy we linked siderophore production to the expression of an uninterrupted bacillibactin gene cluster. In silico analysis predicted the structure of a trimeric trithreonyl lactone (DHB-Gly-Thr)3 similar to the structure of bacillibactin produced by several Bacillus species. Mass spectrometric analysis unambiguously confirmed that the siderophore produced by P. larvae is identical to bacillibactin. Exposure bioassays demonstrated that P. larvae bacillibactin is not required for full virulence of P. larvae in laboratory exposure bioassays. This observation is consistent with results obtained for bacillibactin in other pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Hertlein
- Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Garcia-Gonzalez
- Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Lena Poppinga
- Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | | | - Elke Genersch
- Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Berlin, Germany
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36
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Zhu X, Ge X, Li N, Wu LF, Luo C, Ouyang Q, Tu Y, Chen G. Angle sensing in magnetotaxis of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:706-13. [PMID: 24877161 PMCID: PMC4134682 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40259b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of how magnetotactic bacteria navigate along the magnetic field has been a puzzle. Two main models disagree on whether the magnetotactic behavior results from passive alignment with the magnetic field or active sensing of the magnetic force. Here, we quantitatively studied the swimming patterns of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 cells to understand the origin of their magnetotactic behaviors. Single-cell tracking and swimming pattern analysis showed that the cells follow a mixed run-reverse-tumble pattern. The average run time decreased with the angle between the cell's moving velocity and the external magnetic field. For mutant cells without the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) Amb0994, such dependence disappeared and bacteria failed to align with magnetic field lines. This dysfunction was recovered by complementary Amb0994 on a plasmid. At high magnetic field (>5 mT), all strains with intact magnetosome chains (including the Δamb0994-0995 strains) showed alignment with the external magnetic field. These results suggested that the mechanism for magnetotaxis is magnetic field dependent. Due to the magnetic dipole moment of the cell, the external magnetic field exerts a torque on the cell. In high magnetic fields, this torque is large enough to overcome the random re-orientation of the cell, and the cells align passively with the external magnetic field, much like a compass. In smaller (and biologically more relevant) external fields, the external force alone is not strong enough to align the cell mechanically. However, magnetotactic behaviors persist due to an active sensing mechanism in which the cell senses the torque by Amb0994 and actively regulates the flagella bias accordingly to align its orientation with the external magnetic field. Our results reconciled the two putative models for magnetotaxis and revealed a key molecular component in the underlying magneto-sensing pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zhu
- Center for the Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at Peking University, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Microfluidic and Nanotechnology, The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Ning Li
- Center for the Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at Peking University, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Microfluidic and Nanotechnology, The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bacterienne, UMR7283, Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Microbiology Institute, CNRS, Marseille, 130009, France
| | - Chunxiong Luo
- Center for the Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at Peking University, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Microfluidic and Nanotechnology, The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- Center for the Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at Peking University, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Microfluidic and Nanotechnology, The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuhai Tu
- Center for the Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at Peking University, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598
| | - Guanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
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Hsieh YS, Hsu CY. Oxidative stress and anti-oxidant enzyme activities in the trophocytes and fat cells of queen honeybees (Apis mellifera). Rejuvenation Res 2014; 16:295-303. [PMID: 23738955 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophocytes and fat cells of queen honeybees have been used for delayed cellular senescence studies, but their oxidative stress and anti-oxidant enzyme activities with advancing age are unknown. In this study, we assayed reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anti-oxidant enzymes in the trophocytes and fat cells of young and old queens. Young queens had lower ROS levels, lower superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and higher thioredoxin reductase (TR) activity compared to old queens. These results show that oxidative stress and anti-oxidant enzyme activities in trophocytes and fat cells increase with advancing age in queens and suggest that an increase in oxidative stress and a consequent increase in stress defense mechanisms are associated with the longevity of queen honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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38
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Pramod M, Yogesh K. Effect of electromagnetic radiations on brooding, honey production and foraging behavior of European honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5897/ajar2013.8077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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39
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Slaby P, Tomanova K, Vacha M. Cattle on pastures do align along the North–South axis, but the alignment depends on herd density. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 199:695-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Giraldo D, Hernández C, Molina J. In search of magnetosensitivity and ferromagnetic particles in Rhodnius prolixus: behavioral studies and vibrating sample magnetometry. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:345-350. [PMID: 23291498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoreception is a sensory mechanism with wide phylogenetic distribution, which many organisms use for navigation and orientation. Radical pair reactions and the use of magnetic particles have been proposed as mechanisms for magnetosensitivity in terrestrial animals. Magnetosensitivity and the presence of a ferromagnetic material were tested in the hematophagous bug Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) vector of Chagas disease in Colombia and Venezuela. R. prolixus is well known in both countries for its active dispersal that allows flow of individuals from sylvatic to domestic environments. Behavioral experiments quantifying the number of body rotations and quadrant changes in a Petri dish were carried out, applying 1 mT artificial field in a constant direction for 45 min and rotated 180° every 5 min for 45 min. In addition, magnetite presence in the abdomens of Apis mellifera (positive control) and the bodies of R. prolixus was tested using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). No differences in the number of body rotations and quadrant changes were found in R. prolixus with and without the presence of an artificial magnetic field. Results obtained with the VSM indicate presence of ferromagnetic material (hysteresis loop) in A. mellifera abdomens and absence of ferromagnetic material in R. prolixus bodies. Both VSM and behavioral results suggest that magnetosensitivity by a ferromagnetic hypothesis is not present in R. prolixus. Finally, our results indicate that the VSM magnetometer is a sensitive technique for detecting ferromagnetic material in insect tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Giraldo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, A.A. 4976 Carrera 1a # 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia
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41
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Hsu CY, Chan YP. The use of honeybees reared in a thermostatic chamber for aging studies. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:149-158. [PMID: 22124884 PMCID: PMC3543731 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are an attractive model system for studying aging. However, the aging level of worker honeybees from the field hive is in dispute. To eliminate the influence of task performance and confirm the relationship between chronological age and aging, we reared newly emerged workers in a thermostat at 34°C throughout their lives. A survivorship curve was obtained, indicating that workers can be reared away from the field hive, and the only difference between these workers is age. To confirm that these workers can be used for aging studies, we assayed age-related molecules in the trophocytes and fat cells of young and old workers. Old workers expressed more senescence-associated β-galactosidase, lipofuscin granules, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation than young workers. Furthermore, cellular energy metabolism molecules were also assayed. Old workers exhibited less ATP concentration, β-oxidation, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) than young workers. These results demonstrate that honeybees reared in a thermostatic chamber can be used for aging studies and cellular energy metabolism in the trophocytes and fat cells of workers changes with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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42
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Farooqui T. A potential link among biogenic amines-based pesticides, learning and memory, and colony collapse disorder: A unique hypothesis. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:122-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Begall S, Malkemper EP, Červený J, Němec P, Burda H. Magnetic alignment in mammals and other animals. Mamm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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44
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Abraçado LG, Esquivel DMS, Wajnberg E. ZFC/FC of oriented magnetic material in the Solenopsis interrupta head with antennae: characterization by FMR and SQUID. J Biol Phys 2012; 38:607-21. [PMID: 24615223 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-012-9275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferromagnetic resonance and SQUID magnetometry have been used to study magnetic material in the head with antennae, thorax, and abdomen of Solenopsis interrupta ants. The temperature dependence of the head with antennae using both techniques was measured. Room-temperature spectra and saturation magnetization were used to compare the magnetic material amount in the ant body parts. Both techniques show that the highest magnetic material fraction is in the head with antennae. The ordering temperature is observed at 100 ± 20 K for the ferromagnetic resonance spectra HF component. The estimated magnetic anisotropy constant K and g-values at room temperature are in good agreement with magnetite, supporting this material as the main magnetic particle constituent in the Solenopsis interrupta head with antenna. Particle diameters of 26 ± 2 nm and smaller than 14 nm were estimated. This work suggests that the head with antenna of the Solenopsis interrupta ant contains organized magnetic material and points to it as a good candidate as a magnetic sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leida G Abraçado
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro Brasileiro de pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
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Válková T, Vácha M. How do honeybees use their magnetic compass? Can they see the North? BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012; 102:461-467. [PMID: 22313997 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485311000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
While seeking food sources and routes back to their hive, bees make use of their advanced nervous and sensory capacities, which underlie a diverse behavioral repertoire. One of several honeybee senses that is both exceptional and intriguing is magnetoreception - the ability to perceive the omnipresent magnetic field (MF) of the Earth. The mechanism by which animals sense MFs has remained fascinating as well as elusive because of the intricacies involved, which makes it one of the grand challenges for neural and sensory biology. However, investigations in recent years have brought substantial progress to our understanding of how such magneto-receptor(s) may work. Some terrestrial animals (birds) are reported to be equipped even with a dual perception system: one based on diminutive magnetic particles - in line with the original model which has also always been hypothesized for bees - and the other one, as the more recent model describes, based on a sensitivity of some photochemical reactions to MF (radical-pair or chemical mechanism). The latter model postulates a close link to vision and supposes that the animals can see the position of the geomagnetic North as a visible pattern superimposed on the picture of the environment. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that radical-pair magnetoreception might also be used by insects. It is realistic to expect that such evidence will inspire a re-examination and extension or confirmation of established views on the honeybee magnetic-compass mechanism. However, the problem of bee magnetoreception will not be solved at the moment that a receptor is discovered. On the contrary, the meaning of magnetoreception in insect life and its involvement in the orchestration of other senses is yet to be fully understood. The crucial question to be addressed in the near future is whether the compass abilities of the honeybee could suffer from radio frequency (RF) smog accompanying modern civilization and whether the fitness of this dominant pollinator might be affected by RF fields. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the path that the behavioral research on honeybee magnetoreception has taken and to discuss it in the context of contemporary data obtained on other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Válková
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Vácha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
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46
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Komeili A. Molecular mechanisms of compartmentalization and biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 36:232-55. [PMID: 22092030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MB) are remarkable organisms with the ability to exploit the earth's magnetic field for navigational purposes. To do this, they build specialized compartments called magnetosomes that consist of a lipid membrane and a crystalline magnetic mineral. These organisms have the potential to serve as models for the study of compartmentalization as well as biomineralization in bacteria. Additionally, they offer the opportunity to design applications that take advantage of the particular properties of magnetosomes. In recent years, a sustained effort to identify the molecular basis of this process has resulted in a clearer understanding of the magnetosome formation and biomineralization. Here, I present an overview of MB and explore the possible molecular mechanisms of membrane remodeling, protein sorting, cytoskeletal organization, iron transport, and biomineralization that lead to the formation of a functional magnetosome organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Komeili
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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47
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Galindo-Cardona A, Monmany AC, Moreno-Jackson R, Rivera-Rivera C, Huertas-Dones C, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Giray T. Landscape analysis of drone congregation areas of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2012; 12:122. [PMID: 23451901 PMCID: PMC3635128 DOI: 10.1673/031.012.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Male honey bees fly and gather at Drone Congregation Areas (DCAs), where drones and queens mate in flight. DCAs occur in places with presumably characteristic features. Using previously described landscape characteristics and observations on flight direction of drones in nearby apiaries, 36 candidate locations were chosen across the main island of Puerto Rico. At these locations, the presence or absence of DCAs was tested by lifting a helium balloon equipped with queen-sex-pheromone-impregnated bait, and visually determining the presence of high numbers of drones. Because of the wide distribution of honey bees in Puerto Rico, it was expected that most of the potential DCAs would be used as such by drones and queens from nearby colonies. Eight DCAs were found in the 36 candidate locations. Locations with and without DCAs were compared in a landscape analysis including characteristics that were described to be associated with DCAs and others. Aspect (direction of slope) and density of trails were found to be significantly associated with the presence of DCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Carolina Monmany
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, JGD 202 PO Box. San Juan, PR 00931
| | - Rafiné Moreno-Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, JGD 202 PO Box. San Juan, PR 00931
| | - Carlos Rivera-Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, JGD 202 PO Box. San Juan, PR 00931
| | - Carlos Huertas-Dones
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, JGD 202 PO Box. San Juan, PR 00931
| | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, JGD 202 PO Box. San Juan, PR 00931
| | - Tugrul Giray
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, JGD 202 PO Box. San Juan, PR 00931
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48
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Srinivasan MV. Honeybees as a model for the study of visually guided flight, navigation, and biologically inspired robotics. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:413-60. [PMID: 21527730 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research over the past century has revealed the impressive capacities of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, in relation to visual perception, flight guidance, navigation, and learning and memory. These observations, coupled with the relative ease with which these creatures can be trained, and the relative simplicity of their nervous systems, have made honeybees an attractive model in which to pursue general principles of sensorimotor function in a variety of contexts, many of which pertain not just to honeybees, but several other animal species, including humans. This review begins by describing the principles of visual guidance that underlie perception of the world in three dimensions, obstacle avoidance, control of flight speed, and orchestrating smooth landings. We then consider how navigation over long distances is accomplished, with particular reference to how bees use information from the celestial compass to determine their flight bearing, and information from the movement of the environment in their eyes to gauge how far they have flown. Finally, we illustrate how some of the principles gleaned from these studies are now being used to design novel, biologically inspired algorithms for the guidance of unmanned aerial vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandyam V Srinivasan
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, and ARC Center of Excellence in Vision Science, St. Lucia, Australia.
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49
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Hsu CY, Chan YP. Identification and localization of proteins associated with biomineralization in the iron deposition vesicles of honeybees (Apis mellifera). PLoS One 2011; 6:e19088. [PMID: 21541330 PMCID: PMC3082545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) form superparamagnetic magnetite to act as a magnetoreceptor for magnetoreception. Biomineralization of superparamagnetic magnetite occurs in the iron deposition vesicles of trophocytes. Even though magnetite has been demonstrated, the mechanism of magnetite biomineralization is unknown. In this study, proteins in the iron granules and iron deposition vesicles of trophocytes were purified and identified by mass spectrometry. Antibodies against such proteins were produced. The major proteins include actin, myosin, ferritin 2, and ATP synthase. Immunolabeling and co-immunoprecipitation studies suggest that iron is stored in ferritin 2 for the purpose of forming 7.5-nm diameter iron particles and that actin-myosin-ferritin 2 may serve as a transporter system. This system, along with calcium and ATP, conveys the iron particles (ferritin) to the center of iron deposition vesicles for iron granules formation. These proteins and reactants are included in iron deposition vesicles during the formation of iron deposition vesicles from the fusion of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. A hypothetical model for magnetite biomineralization in iron deposition vesicles is proposed for honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. hsu @mail.cgu.edu.tw
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Hsieh YS, Hsu CY. Honeybee trophocytes and fat cells as target cells for cellular senescence studies. Exp Gerontol 2010; 46:233-40. [PMID: 20965244 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Trophocytes and fat cells are distributed around the abdominal segments in honeybees (Apis mellifera). Whether these cells are a good model for cellular senescence studies is unknown. Here we used histochemical, biochemical, and genetic techniques to investigate the fluctuation of age-related molecules in trophocytes and fat cells of newly emerged and old worker bees. Histochemical studies revealed that old worker trophocytes and fat cells exhibited more senescence-associated β-galactosidase, lipofuscin granules, and non-homogeneous cellular morphology compared to the same cells in newly emerged workers. Biochemical assays demonstrated that trophocytes and fat cells of old workers expressed more lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation than those of newly emerged workers. Molecular genetic analyses detected no difference in telomerase activity or telomere length in trophocytes and fat cells between newly emerged and old workers, showing that these cells do not divide in adulthood. These results suggest that the expression of age-related molecules in trophocytes and fat cells is associated with the senescence of the cells and that honeybee trophocytes and fat cells can serve as a mode for cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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