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Mascarenhas R, Li Z, Gherasim C, Ruetz M, Banerjee R. The human B 12 trafficking protein CblC processes nitrocobalamin. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9630-9640. [PMID: 32457044 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, cobalamin or vitamin B12 is delivered to two target enzymes via a complex intracellular trafficking pathway comprising transporters and chaperones. CblC (or MMACHC) is a processing chaperone that catalyzes an early step in this trafficking pathway. CblC removes the upper axial ligand of cobalamin derivatives, forming an intermediate in the pathway that is subsequently converted to the active cofactor derivatives. Mutations in the cblC gene lead to methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria. Here, we report that nitrosylcobalamin (NOCbl), which was developed as an antiproliferative reagent, and is purported to cause cell death by virtue of releasing nitric oxide, is highly unstable in air and is rapidly oxidized to nitrocobalamin (NO2Cbl). We demonstrate that CblC catalyzes the GSH-dependent denitration of NO2Cbl forming 5-coordinate cob(II)alamin, which had one of two fates. It could be oxidized to aquo-cob(III)alamin or enter a futile thiol oxidase cycle forming GSH disulfide. Arg-161 in the active site of CblC suppressed the NO2Cbl-dependent thiol oxidase activity, whereas the disease-associated R161G variant stabilized cob(II)alamin and promoted futile cycling. We also report that CblC exhibits nitrite reductase activity, converting cob(I)alamin and nitrite to NOCbl. Finally, the denitration activity of CblC supported cell proliferation in the presence of NO2Cbl, which can serve as a cobalamin source. The newly described nitrite reductase and denitration activities of CblC extend its catalytic versatility, adding to its known decyanation and dealkylation activities. In summary, upon exposure to air, NOCbl is rapidly converted to NO2Cbl, which is a substrate for the B12 trafficking enzyme CblC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romila Mascarenhas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carmen Gherasim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Markus Ruetz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Subramaniam M, Liew SK, In LLA, Awang K, Ahmed N, Nagoor NH. Inactivation of nuclear factor κB by MIP-based drug combinations augments cell death of breast cancer cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1053-1063. [PMID: 29750018 PMCID: PMC5935191 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s141925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Drug combination therapy to treat cancer is a strategic approach to increase successful treatment rate. Optimizing combination regimens is vital to increase therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects. Materials and methods In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity of double and triple combinations consisting of 1′S-1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) and cisplatin (CDDP) against 14 various human cancer cell lines to address the need for more effective therapy. Our data show synergistic effects in MCF-7 cells treated with MIP:ACA, MIP:CDDP and MIP:ACA:CDDP combinations. The type of interaction between MIP, ACA and CDDP was evaluated based on combination index being <0.8 for synergistic effect. Identifying the mechanism of cell death based on previous studies involved intrinsic apoptosis and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tested in Western blot analysis. Inactivation of NF-κB was confirmed by p65 and IκBα, while intrinsic apoptosis pathway activation was confirmed by caspase-9 and Apaf-1 expression. Results All combinations confirmed intrinsic apoptosis activation and NF-κB inactivation. Conclusion Double and triple combination regimens that target induction of the same death mechanism with reduced dosage of each drug could potentially be clinically beneficial in reducing dose-related toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menaga Subramaniam
- Institute of Biological Science (Genetics & Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Su Ki Liew
- Institute of Biological Science (Genetics & Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lionel LA In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Noor Hasima Nagoor
- Institute of Biological Science (Genetics & Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yu Y, Wang J, Xia N, Li B, Jiang X. Maslinic acid potentiates the antitumor activities of gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated survival signaling pathways in human gallbladder cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1683-90. [PMID: 25633045 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is one of the first-line drugs in the treatment of gallbladder cancer (GBC), although the therapeutic effect is not sustained due to resistance to the drug over time. Maslinic acid (MA) has been shown to inhibit transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), resulting in the suppression of survival signaling. The authors of the present study investigated whether MA enhanced the antitumor activity of GEM in GBC. Anti-proliferative effects of MA, GEM and MA+GEM were assessed using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed using Annexin V and by western blot analysis of various mediators of apoptosis. Xenograft tumors of EH-GB2 GBC cells were established in athymic nude mice and were monitored following treatment with MA, GEM and MA+GEM. Immunohistochemistry of the tumors was used to examine various survival proteins. MA inhibited the in vitro proliferation of various GBC cell lines and potentiated the apoptosis and cell invasion inhibition induced by GEM. Western blot analysis showed that the combination of MA and GEM inhibited constitutive NF-κB activation and NF-κB-regulated gene products, including cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Bax, MMP-2 and MMP-9, to a greater extent. In vivo, the group that was treated with MA+GEM showed significant reductions in tumor volume and a decreased expression of NF-κB-regulated gene products. In conclusion, the results suggest that MA potentiates the antitumor effects of GEM in human GBC cell lines by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and its dowstream gene products, which are involved in survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yu
- The First Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- The First Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Nianxin Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- The First Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- The First Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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Saturno G, Valenti M, De Haven Brandon A, Thomas GV, Eccles S, Clarke PA, Workman P. Combining trail with PI3 kinase or HSP90 inhibitors enhances apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via suppression of survival signaling. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1185-98. [PMID: 23852390 PMCID: PMC3787150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, but in some cases they fail to respond to this ligand. We explored the ability of representative phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3 Kinase)/mTOR and HSP90 inhibitors to overcome TRAIL resistance by increasing apoptosis in colorectal cancer models. We determined the sensitivity of 27 human colorectal cancer and 2 non-transformed colon epithelial cell lines to TRAIL treatment. A subset of the cancer cell lines with a range of responses to TRAIL was selected from the panel for treatment with TRAIL combined with the PI3 Kinase/mTOR inhibitor PI-103 or the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG (tanespimycin). Two TRAIL-resistant cell lines were selected for in vivo combination studies with TRAIL and 17-AAG. We found that 13 colorectal cancer cell lines and the 2 non-transformed colon epithelial cell lines were resistant to TRAIL. We demonstrated that co-treatment of TRAIL and PI-103 or 17-AAG was synergistic or additive and significantly enhanced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. This was associated with decreased expression or activity of survival protein biomarkers such as ERBB2, AKT, IKKα and XIAP. In contrast, the effect of the combination treatments in non-transformed colon cells was minimal. We show here for the first time that co-treatment in vivo with TRAIL and 17-AAG in two TRAIL-resistant human colorectal cancer xenograft models resulted in significantly greater tumor growth inhibition compared to single treatments. We propose that combining TRAIL with PI3 Kinase/mTOR or HSP90 inhibitors has therapeutic potential in the treatment of TRAIL-resistant colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Saturno
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Dunphy MJ, Sysel AM, Lupica JA, Griffith K, Sherrod T, Bauer JA. A Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl), a Novel Vitamin B 12 Analog. Chromatographia 2014; 77:571-589. [PMID: 24855323 PMCID: PMC4024380 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl), a novel vitamin B12 analog and anti-tumor agent, functions as a biologic 'Trojan horse', utilizing the vitamin B12 transcobalamin II transport protein and cell surface receptor to specifically target cancer cells. a stability-indicating HPLC method was developed for the detection of NO-Cbl during forced degradation studies. This method utilized an ascentis® RP-amide (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column at 35 °C with a mobile phase (1.0 mL min-1) combining a gradient of methanol and an acetate buffer at pH 6.0. Detection wavelengths of 450 and 254 nm were used to detect corrin and non-corrin-based products, respectively. NO-Cbl, synthesized from hydroxocobalamin and pure nitric oxide gas, was subjected to degradative stress conditions including oxidation, hydrolysis and thermal and radiant energy challenge. The method was validated by assessing linearity, accuracy, precision, detection and quantitation limits and robustness. The method was applied successfully for purity assessment of synthesized NO-Cbl and for the determination of NO-Cbl during kinetic studies in aqueous solution and in solid-state degradation assessments. This HPLC method is suitable for the separation of cobalamins in aqueous and methanolic solutions, for routine detection of NO-Cbl and for purity assessment of synthesized NO-Cbl. additionally, this method has potential application in identification and monitoring of diseases involving altered nitric oxide homeostasis where vitamin B12 therapy is utilized to scavenge excess nitric oxide, subsequently resulting in the in vivo production of NO-Cbl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Dunphy
- BNOAT Oncology, Inc., akron Innovation Campus, 411 Wolf ledges Pkwy, Suite 105, akron, OH 44311, USA; Walsh University, 2020 East Maple St, north Canton, OH 44720, USA
| | - Annette M. Sysel
- BNOAT Oncology, Inc., akron Innovation Campus, 411 Wolf ledges Pkwy, Suite 105, akron, OH 44311, USA
| | - Joseph A. Lupica
- BNOAT Oncology, Inc., akron Innovation Campus, 411 Wolf ledges Pkwy, Suite 105, akron, OH 44311, USA; Walsh University, 2020 East Maple St, north Canton, OH 44720, USA
| | - Kristie Griffith
- Walsh University, 2020 East Maple St, north Canton, OH 44720, USA
| | - Taylor Sherrod
- Walsh University, 2020 East Maple St, north Canton, OH 44720, USA
| | - Joseph A. Bauer
- BNOAT Oncology, Inc., akron Innovation Campus, 411 Wolf ledges Pkwy, Suite 105, akron, OH 44311, USA
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Sysel AM, Valli VE, Nagle RB, Bauer JA. Immunohistochemical quantification of the vitamin B12 transport protein (TCII), cell surface receptor (TCII-R) and Ki-67 in human tumor xenografts. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:4203-4212. [PMID: 24122983 PMCID: PMC4042430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cancer cells have an essential demand for vitamin B12 (cobalamin) to enable cellular replication. The present pilot study quantified the immunohistochemical expression of vitamin B12 transport protein (Transcobalamin II; TCII), cell surface receptor (Transcobalamin II-R; TCII-R) and proliferation protein (Ki-67) in human tumor xenografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarray slides containing 34 xenograft tumor tissues were immunohistochemically stained using TCN2 (anti-TCII), CD320 (anti-TCII-R) and MIB-1 (anti-Ki-67) antibodies. Representatively stained areas of all slides were digitally imaged and protein expression was quantified using ImageJ software plugins. RESULTS All xenograft tumor tissues stained positively for TCII, TCII-R and Ki-67 proteins; expression varied both within and between tumor types. Correlation between TCII/TCII-R and Ki-67 expression was not significant in xenograft tissues. CONCLUSION Proliferating cancer cells express measurable levels of TCII and TCII-R. Immunohistochemical quantification of these markers may be useful as a tool for detection of tumors, tailored selection of anti-tumor therapies and surveillance for evidence of recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M Sysel
- BNOAT Oncology Inc., Akron Innovation Campus, 411 Wolf Ledges Parkway, Suite 105, Akron, OH, 44311, USA.
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Subedi H, Brasch NE. Mechanistic Studies on the Reaction of Nitroxylcobalamin with Dioxygen: Evidence for Formation of a Peroxynitritocob(III)alamin Intermediate. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11608-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401975f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harishchandra Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡School of Biomedical
Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Nicola E. Brasch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡School of Biomedical
Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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Smac mimetic SM-164 potentiates APO2L/TRAIL- and doxorubicin-mediated anticancer activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51461. [PMID: 23240027 PMCID: PMC3519882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The members of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family are key negative regulators of apoptosis. Overexpression of IAPs are found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and can contribute to chemotherapy resistance and recurrence of HCC. Small-molecule Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) mimetics have recently emerged as novel anticancer drugs through targeting IAPs. The specific aims of this study were to 1) examine the anticancer activity of Smac mimetics as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy in HCC cells, and 2) investigate the mechanism of anticancer action of Smac mimetics. METHODS Four HCC cell lines, including SMMC-7721, BEL-7402, HepG2 and Hep3B, and 12 primary HCC cells were used in this study. Smac mimetic SM-164 was used to treat HCC cells. Cell viability, cell death induction and clonal formation assays were used to evaluate the anticancer activity. Western blotting analysis and a pancaspase inhibitor were used to investigate the mechanisms. RESULTS Although SM-164 induced complete cIAP-1 degradation, it displayed weak inhibitory effects on the viability of HCC cells. Nevertheless, SM-164 considerably potentiated Apo2 ligand or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (APO2L/TRAIL)- and Doxorubicin-mediated anticancer activity in HCC cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that SM-164 in combination with chemotherapeutic agents resulted in enhanced activation of caspases-9, -3 and cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and also led to decreased AKT activation. CONCLUSIONS Smac mimetics can enhance chemotherapeutic-mediated anticancer activity by enhancing apoptosis signaling and suppressing survival signaling in HCC cells. This study suggests Smac mimetics are potential therapeutic agents for HCC.
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Sysel AM, Horne WI, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Bauer JA. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous nitrosylcobalamin, an antitumor agent, in healthy Beagle dogs: a pilot study. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:3749-3752. [PMID: 22993315 PMCID: PMC4023467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl) is a cobalamin-based anti-tumor agent. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic parameters of NO-Cbl following intravenous administration in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four dogs received 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg intravenous bolus doses of NO-Cbl, with a 14-day washout period between doses. Blood samples were collected at baseline and post-dosing, and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. RESULTS Average peak serum concentrations of 2265, 5523 and 13,866 pg/mL were achieved following single-dose bolus intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg of NO-Cbl respectively. The average area under the curve was 12,697 h × pg/mL, 24,497 h × pg/mL and 44,976 h × pg/mL respectively, with an average elimination half-life of 16.2 h, 13.5 h and 13.1 h respectively. CONCLUSION These results can be used to determine the dose and dosing intervals for clinical trials evaluating NO-Cbl in humans and companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M Sysel
- BNOAT Oncology, Inc, Akron Innovation Campus, Akron, OH, USA
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Sun J, Yeung CA, Co NN, Tsang TY, Yau E, Luo K, Wu P, Wa JCY, Fung KP, Kwok TT, Liu F. Clitocine reversal of P-glycoprotein associated multi-drug resistance through down-regulation of transcription factor NF-κB in R-HepG2 cell line. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40720. [PMID: 22927901 PMCID: PMC3425549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance(MDR)is one of the major reasons for failure in cancer chemotherapy and its suppression may increase the efficacy of therapy. The human multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene encodes the plasma membrane P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that pumps various anti-cancer agents out of the cancer cell. R-HepG2 and MES-SA/Dx5 cells are doxorubicin induced P-gp over-expressed MDR sublines of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and human uterine carcinoma MES-SA cells respectively. Herein, we observed that clitocine, a natural compound extracted from Leucopaxillus giganteus, presented similar cytotoxicity in multidrug resistant cell lines compared with their parental cell lines and significantly suppressed the expression of P-gp in R-HepG2 and MES-SA/Dx5 cells. Further study showed that the clitocine increased the sensitivity and intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin in R-HepG2 cells accompanying down-regulated MDR1 mRNA level and promoter activity, indicating the reversal effect of MDR by clitocine. A 5′-serial truncation analysis of the MDR1 promoter defined a region from position −450 to −193 to be critical for clitocine suppression of MDR1. Mutation of a consensus NF-κB binding site in the defined region and overexpression of NF-κB p65 could offset the suppression effect of clitocine on MDR1 promoter. By immunohistochemistry, clitocine was confirmed to suppress the protein levels of both P-gp and NF-κB p65 in R-HepG2 cells and tumors. Clitocine also inhibited the expression of NF-κB p65 in MES-SA/Dx5. More importantly, clitocine could suppress the NF-κB activation even in presence of doxorubicin. Taken together; our results suggested that clitocine could reverse P-gp associated MDR via down-regulation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Sun
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Chilam Au Yeung
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ngai Na Co
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsun Yee Tsang
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Esmond Yau
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewang Luo
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Judy Chan Yuet Wa
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tim-Tak Kwok
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FL); (TTK)
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FL); (TTK)
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Farooqi AA, Bhatti S, Ismail M. TRAIL and vitamins: opting for keys to castle of cancer proteome instead of open sesame. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:22. [PMID: 22672528 PMCID: PMC3502079 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted molecular disorder that is modulated by a combination of genetic, metabolic and signal transduction aberrations, which severely impair the normal homeostasis of cell growth and death. Accumulating findings highlight the fact that different genetic alterations, such as mutations in tumor suppressor genes, might be related to distinct and differential sensitivity to targeted therapies. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a multipronged approach that addresses genetic milieu (alterations in upstream and/or parallel pathways) eventually determines the response of individual tumors to therapy. Cancerous cells often acquire the ability to evade death by attenuating cell death pathways that normally function to eliminate damaged and harmful cells. Therefore impaired cell death nanomachinery and withdrawal of death receptors from cell surface are some of major determinants for the development of chemotherapeutic resistance encountered during treatment. It is therefore essential to emphasize underlying factors which predispose cells to refractoriness against TRAIL mediated cell death pathway and the relevant regulatory components involved. We bring to limelight the strategies to re-sensitize TRAIL resistant cells via vitamins to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Lab for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College (RLMC), 35 km Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Jungwirth U, Kowol CR, Keppler BK, Hartinger CG, Berger W, Heffeter P. Anticancer activity of metal complexes: involvement of redox processes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1085-127. [PMID: 21275772 PMCID: PMC3371750 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells require tight regulation of the intracellular redox balance and consequently of reactive oxygen species for proper redox signaling and maintenance of metal (e.g., of iron and copper) homeostasis. In several diseases, including cancer, this balance is disturbed. Therefore, anticancer drugs targeting the redox systems, for example, glutathione and thioredoxin, have entered focus of interest. Anticancer metal complexes (platinum, gold, arsenic, ruthenium, rhodium, copper, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, gadolinium, and molybdenum) have been shown to strongly interact with or even disturb cellular redox homeostasis. In this context, especially the hypothesis of "activation by reduction" as well as the "hard and soft acids and bases" theory with respect to coordination of metal ions to cellular ligands represent important concepts to understand the molecular modes of action of anticancer metal drugs. The aim of this review is to highlight specific interactions of metal-based anticancer drugs with the cellular redox homeostasis and to explain this behavior by considering chemical properties of the respective anticancer metal complexes currently either in (pre)clinical development or in daily clinical routine in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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TNFα cooperates with IFN-γ to repress Bcl-xL expression to sensitize metastatic colon carcinoma cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16241. [PMID: 21264227 PMCID: PMC3022032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an immune effector molecule that functions as a selective anti-tumor agent. However, tumor cells, especially metastatic tumor cells often exhibit a TRAIL-resistant phenotype, which is currently a major impediment in TRAIL therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the synergistic effect of TNFα and IFN-γ in sensitizing metastatic colon carcinoma cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Methodology/Principal Findings The efficacy and underlying molecular mechanism of cooperation between TNFα and IFN-γ in sensitizing metastatic colon carcinoma cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis were examined. The functional significance of TNFα- and IFN-γ-producing T lymphocyte immunotherapy in combination with TRAIL therapy in suppression of colon carcinoma metastasis was determined in an experimental metastasis mouse model. We observed that TNFα or IFN-γ alone exhibits minimal sensitization effects, but effectively sensitized metastatic colon carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis when used in combination. TNFα and IFN-γ cooperate to repress Bcl-xL expression, whereas TNFα represses Survivin expression in the metastatic colon carcinoma cells. Silencing Bcl-xL expression significantly increased the metastatic colon carcinoma cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of Bcl-xL significantly decreased the tumor cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, TNFα and IFN-γ also synergistically enhanced TRAIL-induced caspase-8 activation. TNFα and IFN-γ was up-regulated in activated primary and tumor-specific T cells. TRAIL was expressed in tumor-infiltrating immune cells in vivo, and in tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) ex vivo. Consequently, TRAIL therapy in combination with TNFα/IFN-γ-producing CTL adoptive transfer immunotherapy effectively suppressed colon carcinoma metastasis in vivo. Conclusions/Significance TNFα and IFN-γ cooperate to overcome TRAIL resistance at least partially through enhancing caspase 8 activation and repressing Bcl-xL expression. Combined CTL immunotherapy and TRAIL therapy hold great promise for further development for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Undurti A, Huang Y, Lupica JA, Smith JD, DiDonato JA, Hazen SL. Modification of high density lipoprotein by myeloperoxidase generates a pro-inflammatory particle. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:30825-35. [PMID: 19726691 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.047605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) is the major atheroprotective particle in plasma. Recent studies demonstrate that myeloperoxidase (MPO) binds to HDL in vivo, selectively targeting apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) of HDL for oxidative modification and concurrent loss in cholesterol efflux and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activating activities, generating a "dysfunctional HDL" particle. We now show that (patho)physiologically relevant levels of MPO-catalyzed oxidation result in loss of non-cholesterol efflux activities of HDL including anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions. One mechanism responsible is shown to involve the loss of modified HDL binding to the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor B1, and concurrent acquisition of saturable and specific binding to a novel unknown receptor independent of scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A1. HDL modification by MPO is further shown to confer pro-inflammatory gain of function activities as monitored by NF-kappaB activation and surface vascular cell adhesion molecule levels on aortic endothelial cells exposed to MPO-oxidized HDL. The loss of non-cholesterol efflux activities and the gain of pro-inflammatory functions requires modification of the entire particle and can be recapitulated by oxidation of reconstituted HDL particles comprised of apoA1 and nonoxidizable phosphatidylcholine species. Multiple site-directed mutagenesis studies of apoA1 suggest that the pro-inflammatory activity of MPO-modified HDL does not involve methionine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, oxidant-sensitive residues previously mapped as sites of apoA1 oxidation within human atheroma. Thus, MPO-catalyzed oxidation of HDL results not only in the loss of classic atheroprotective reverse cholesterol transport activities of the lipoprotein but also both the loss of non-cholesterol efflux related activities and the gain of pro-inflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Undurti
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Anti-tumor effects of nitrosylcobalamin against spontaneous tumors in dogs. Invest New Drugs 2009; 28:694-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Liu J, Gu X, Robbins D, Li G, Shi R, McCord JM, Zhao Y. Protandim, a fundamentally new antioxidant approach in chemoprevention using mouse two-stage skin carcinogenesis as a model. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5284. [PMID: 19384424 PMCID: PMC2668769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important contributor to cancer development. Consistent with that, antioxidant enzymes have been demonstrated to suppress tumorigenesis when being elevated both in vitro and in vivo, making induction of these enzymes a more potent approach for cancer prevention. Protandim, a well-defined combination of widely studied medicinal plants, has been shown to induce superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities and reduce superoxide generation and lipid peroxidation in healthy human subjects. To investigate whether Protandim can suppress tumor formation by a dietary approach, a two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis study was performed. At the end of the study, the mice on a Protandim-containing basal diet had similar body weight compared with those on the basal diet, which indicated no overt toxicity by Protandim. After three weeks on the diets, there was a significant increase in the expression levels of SOD and catalase, in addition to the increases in SOD activities. Importantly, at the end of the carcinogenesis study, both skin tumor incidence and multiplicity were reduced in the mice on the Protandim diet by 33% and 57% respectively, compared with those on basal diet. Biochemical and histological studies revealed that the Protandim diet suppressed tumor promoter-induced oxidative stress (evidenced by reduction of protein carbonyl levels), cell proliferation (evidenced by reduction of skin hyperplasia and suppression of PKC/JNK/Jun pathway), and inflammation (evidenced by reduction of ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression, NF-κB binding activity, and nuclear p65/p50 levels). Overall, induction of antioxidant enzymes by Protandim may serve as a practical and potent approach for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Delira Robbins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Runhua Shi
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Joe M. McCord
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yoo J, Park SS, Lee YJ. Pretreatment of docetaxel enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1636-46. [PMID: 18404675 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising cancer therapeutic agent because of its tumor selectivity. TRAIL is known to induce apoptosis in cancer cells but spare most normal cells. In this study, we examined whether treatment of docetaxel (DTX) can enhance apoptotic cell death by TRAIL against androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). The cell death effect of combinations of TRAIL and docetaxel on prostate cancer cell lines (androgen-dependent LNCaP and its derived androgen-independent, metastatic C4-2B) was evaluated by synergisms of apoptosis. Western blot assay and DNA fragmentation assay were used to study the underlying mechanisms of cell death and search for any mechanisms of enhancement of TRAIL induced apoptosis in the presence of docetaxel. In addition, we investigated the in vitro anti-tumor effects of combined docetaxel and TRAIL using MAP kinase inhibitors. Docetaxel itself could not induce apoptotic cell death in 24 h even in high concentration. Apoptotic cell death, however, was drastically enhanced by pretreatment of docetaxel 20 h before TRAIL treatment. Docetaxel enhanced the PARP-1 cleavage and caspases activation by TRAIL especially in androgen-independent, metastatic C4-2B cell line, mainly by phosphorylation of Bcl-2 by JNK activation. It appears that apoptotic cell death was protected by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. The results of our study show that pretreatment of docetaxel is able to enhance the apoptosis produced by TRAIL in prostate cancer cells, especially in hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsang Yoo
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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