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He Y, Taylor RL, Bai H, Ashwell CM, Zhao K, Li Y, Sun G, Zhang H, Song J. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and immunity in chickens that vary in Marek's disease resistance. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103036. [PMID: 37832188 PMCID: PMC10568563 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV), a naturally oncogenic, highly contagious alpha herpesvirus, induces a T cell lymphoma in chickens that causes severe economic loss. Marek's disease (MD) outcome in an individual is attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Further investigation of the host-virus interaction mechanisms that impact MD resistance is needed to achieve greater MD control. This study analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in 2 highly inbred parental lines 63 and 72 and 5 recombinant congenic strains (RCS) C, L, M, N, and X strains from those parents. Lines 63 and 72, are MD resistant and susceptible, respectively, whereas the RCS have different combinations of 87.5% Line 63 and 12.5% Line 72. Our DNA methylation cluster showed a strong association with MD incidence. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the parental lines and the 5 RCS were captured. MD-resistant and MD-susceptible markers of DNA methylation were identified as transgenerational epigenetic inheritable. In addition, the growth of v-src DNA tumors and antibody response against sheep red blood cells differed among the 2 parental lines and the RCS. Overall, our results provide very solid evidence that DNA methylation patterns are transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI) in chickens and also play a vital role in MD tumorigenesis and other immune responses; the specific methylated regions may be important modulators of general immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua He
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822 USA; Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Robert L Taylor
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508 USA
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Christopher M Ashwell
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508 USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaokun Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GD 510642, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.
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mRNA Expressions of Methylation Related Enzymes and Duration of Thermal Conditioning in Chicks. J Poult Sci 2022; 59:90-95. [PMID: 35125918 PMCID: PMC8791769 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation regulates gene expression by modifying the nucleosome structure of DNA, without altering the gene sequence. It has been reported that DNA methylation reactions are catalyzed by several enzymes. In chickens, thermal conditioning treatment affects the central DNA methylation levels. The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in DNA methylation and demethylation factors during thermal conditioning in the hypothalamus of 3-day-old chicks. Male chicks (3-days old) were exposed to 40±0.5°C as a thermal conditioning treatment for 1, 2, 6, 9, or 12 h. The control chicks were kept in a thermoneutral zone (30±0.2°C). After thermal conditioning, the mRNA levels of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-1, -3a, -3b, and ten-eleven translocation (TET)-1, -2, and -3 in the hypothalamus were measured by q-PCR. The mRNA levels of DNMT-3a and TET-1 were increased by thermal conditioning. Moreover, the expression level of TET-1 increased with the loading time of the thermal conditioning. The gene expressions of DNMT-1, DNMT-3b, TET-2, and TET-3 were not affected by thermal conditioning. Since DNMT-3a is a catalyst for de-novo DNA methylation and TET-1 catalyzes the oxidation of methylated cytosine, it is suggested that the thermal conditioning increased the activation of DNA methylation and demethylation factors, which occur in the hypothalamus of neonatal chicks.
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Usman T, Ali N, Wang Y, Yu Y. Association of Aberrant DNA Methylation Level in the CD4 and JAK-STAT-Pathway-Related Genes with Mastitis Indicator Traits in Chinese Holstein Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010065. [PMID: 35011171 PMCID: PMC8749870 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the gene expression and DNA methylation level in the promoter region of the CD4 and the JAK-STAT-pathway-related genes. A total of 24 samples were deployed in the gene expression and 118 samples were used in the DNA methylation study. Student's t-tests were used to analyze the gene expression and DNA methylation. The evaluation of DNA methylation in promoter regions of JAK2 and STAT5A revealed hypo-methylation levels of CpG sites and higher gene expression in cows diagnosed with mastitis as compared to the healthy control, and vice versa in those with CD4. DNA methylation was negatively correlated with gene expression in JAK2, STAT5A, and CD4 genes. Six, two, and four active transcription factors were identified on the CpG sites in the promoter regions of JAK2, STAT5A, and CD4 genes, respectively. Regarding correlation analysis, the DNA methylation levels of CD4 showed significantly higher positive correlations with somatic cell counts (p < 0.05). Findings of the current study inferred that aberrant DNA methylation in the CpG sites at the 1 kb promoter region in JAK2, STAT5A, and CD4 genes due to mastitis in cows can be used as potential epigenetic markers to estimate bovine mastitis susceptibility in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Usman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (T.U.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +92-313-092-0177 (T.U.); +86-10-62-734-611 (Y.Y.); Fax: +86-10-62-732-439 (Y.Y.)
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Yachun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (T.U.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +92-313-092-0177 (T.U.); +86-10-62-734-611 (Y.Y.); Fax: +86-10-62-732-439 (Y.Y.)
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Moses AK, Ghazi T, Naidoo DB, Chuturgoon A. DNA methylation of MEKKK1: a strategy to reactivate the NF-κB pathway and reverse HIV latency. AIDS 2021; 35:2221-2224. [PMID: 34602592 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avril Kirsten Moses
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Gga-miR-130b-3p inhibits MSB1 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and its downregulation in MD tumor is attributed to hypermethylation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24187-24198. [PMID: 29849932 PMCID: PMC5966247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease is an oncogenic and lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by Marek's disease virus. Hypermethylation or hypomethylation of CpG islands in gene promoter region are involved in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. In this study, we analyzed differential methylation levels of upstream region of gga-miR-130b-3p gene between Marek's disease virus-infected tumorous and non-infected spleens. Around the upstream 1 kb of gga-miR-130b-3p gene, two amplicons were designed that covered 616 bp. There were forty-eight CpG sites in this region. CpG sites in this region presented higher methylation level in tumorous spleens compared with that in non-infected ones. There were eight CpG sites significantly hypermethylated in tumorous spleens. The expression level of three DNA methyltransferases including DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b increased and the expression level of Tet ten-eleven translocation protein 2 remarkably decreased in tumorous spleens. Hypermethylation in the upstream region of gga-miR-130b-3p gene might be a direct reason for its downregulation in MD tumorous tissues. Moreover, cell proliferation of Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell line MDCC-MSB1 was remarkably inhibited at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h post-gga-miR-130b-3p-agomir transfection. The transwell migration assay indicated cell number of migration was significantly lower in miRNA agomir transfection group. Matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 are involved in tumor invasion, and their protein levels were significantly downregulated at 72 h post-miRNA-agomir transfection. Collectively, these results indicated that hypermethylation in upstream region of gga-miR-130b-3p gene contributed to its downregulation in tumorous tissues. Gga-miR-130b-3p plays an inhibitory role in lymphomatous cell transformation.
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Torroglosa A, Villalba-Benito L, Fernández RM, Moya-Jiménez MJ, Antiñolo G, Borrego S. Dnmt3b knock-down in enteric precursors reveals a possible mechanism by which this de novo methyltransferase is involved in the enteric nervous system development and the onset of Hirschsprung disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106443-106453. [PMID: 29290961 PMCID: PMC5739746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, OMIM 142623) is a pathology that shows a lack of enteric ganglia along of the distal gastrointestinal tract. This aganglionosis is attributed to an abnormal proliferation, migration, differentiation and/or survival of enteric precursor cells (EPCs) derived from neural crest cells (NCCs) during the enteric nervous system (ENS) embryogenesis. DNMT3b de novo methyltransferase is associated with NCCs development and has been shown to be implicated in ENS formation as well as in HSCR. In this study we have aimed to elucidate the specific mechanism underlying the DNMT3b role in such processes. We have performed the knockdown of Dnmt3b expression (Dnmt3b-KD) in enteric precursor cells (EPCs) to clarify its role on these cells in vitro. Moreover, we have analyzed several signaling pathways to determine the mechanisms responsible for the effect caused by Dnmt3b-KD in EPCs. Our results seem to support that Dnmt3b-KD promotes an increase EPCs proliferation that may be mediated by P53 and P21 activity, since both proteins were observed to be down-regulated in our Dnmt3b-KD cultures. Moreover, we observed a down-regulation of P53 and P21 in HSCR patients. These results lead us to propose that DNMT3b could be involved in HSCR through P53 and P21 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torroglosa
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Leticia Villalba-Benito
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Raquel María Fernández
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Seville 41013, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Antiñolo
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Salud Borrego
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Seville 41013, Spain
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Schmid M, Smith J, Burt DW, Aken BL, Antin PB, Archibald AL, Ashwell C, Blackshear PJ, Boschiero C, Brown CT, Burgess SC, Cheng HH, Chow W, Coble DJ, Cooksey A, Crooijmans RPMA, Damas J, Davis RVN, de Koning DJ, Delany ME, Derrien T, Desta TT, Dunn IC, Dunn M, Ellegren H, Eöry L, Erb I, Farré M, Fasold M, Fleming D, Flicek P, Fowler KE, Frésard L, Froman DP, Garceau V, Gardner PP, Gheyas AA, Griffin DK, Groenen MAM, Haaf T, Hanotte O, Hart A, Häsler J, Hedges SB, Hertel J, Howe K, Hubbard A, Hume DA, Kaiser P, Kedra D, Kemp SJ, Klopp C, Kniel KE, Kuo R, Lagarrigue S, Lamont SJ, Larkin DM, Lawal RA, Markland SM, McCarthy F, McCormack HA, McPherson MC, Motegi A, Muljo SA, Münsterberg A, Nag R, Nanda I, Neuberger M, Nitsche A, Notredame C, Noyes H, O'Connor R, O'Hare EA, Oler AJ, Ommeh SC, Pais H, Persia M, Pitel F, Preeyanon L, Prieto Barja P, Pritchett EM, Rhoads DD, Robinson CM, Romanov MN, Rothschild M, Roux PF, Schmidt CJ, Schneider AS, Schwartz MG, Searle SM, Skinner MA, Smith CA, Stadler PF, Steeves TE, Steinlein C, Sun L, Takata M, Ulitsky I, Wang Q, Wang Y, Warren WC, Wood JMD, Wragg D, Zhou H. Third Report on Chicken Genes and Chromosomes 2015. Cytogenet Genome Res 2015; 145:78-179. [PMID: 26282327 PMCID: PMC5120589 DOI: 10.1159/000430927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmid
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Li K, Lian L, Yang N, Qu L. Temporal expression and DNA hypomethylation profile of CD30 in Marek's disease virus-infected chicken spleens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1165-9. [PMID: 25840961 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) is a viral neoplastic disease of chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), which is serious threat to worldwide poultry industry. Our previous studies showed that the CD30 gene was hypomethylated in MD lymphoma. In this study, we further analyzed differential expression patterns and methylation levels of the CD30 gene between MDV-infected and noninfected spleens at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d postinfection (dpi). The results showed that the expression of CD30 in MDV-infected spleens was significantly lower than that in noninfected spleens at 4 dpi. The expression of CD30 did not present significant difference between MDV-infected and noninfected spleens at 7 and 14 dpi. However, an increased expression of CD30 was presented in MDV-infected spleens at both 21 and 28 dpi. Simultaneously, CD30 showed a lower DNA methylation level in MDV-infected spleens at 14, 21, and 28 dpi. The results indicated that CD30 gene was involved in the whole process of MD tumorigenesis and upregulated expression of CD30 in MDV-infected spleens might be attributed to the hypomethylation of promoter of CD30 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Li
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling Lian
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lujiang Qu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Luo J, Chang S, Zhang H, Li B, Song J. DNA methylation down-regulates EGFR expression in chickens. Avian Dis 2013; 57:366-71. [PMID: 23901748 DOI: 10.1637/10343-090112-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a growth-factor-receptor tyrosine kinase, is up-regulated in numerous tumors, which provides a good target for cancer therapy. Although it has been documented that oncoviruses are responsible for the activation of EGFR in tumors, the impact of Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection on EGFR has not yet been studied. We performed quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR to check EGFR expression and found that it was significantly down-regulated after MDV infection. To explore the mechanism of EGFR repression, we examined the level of methylation of the EGFR promoter. The methylation level was significantly increased at 21 days postinfection, indicating a potential role of promoter methylation in EGFR repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Tian F, Zhan F, VanderKraats ND, Hiken JF, Edwards JR, Zhang H, Zhao K, Song J. DNMT gene expression and methylome in Marek's disease resistant and susceptible chickens prior to and following infection by MDV. Epigenetics 2013; 8:431-44. [PMID: 23538681 DOI: 10.4161/epi.24361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) is characterized as a T cell lymphoma induced by a cell-associated α-herpesvirus, Marek's disease virus type 1 (MDV1). As with many viral infectious diseases, DNA methylation variations were observed in the progression of MD; these variations are thought to play an important role in host-virus interactions. We observed that DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) and 3b (DNMT3b) were differentially expressed in chicken MD-resistant line 6 3 and MD-susceptible line 7 2 at 21 d after MDV infection. To better understand the role of methylation variation induced by MDV infection in both chicken lines, we mapped the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in each line using Methyl-MAPS (methylation mapping analysis by paired-end sequencing). Collectively, the data sets collected in this study provide a more comprehensive picture of the chicken methylome. Overall, methylation levels were reduced in chickens from the resistant line 6 3 after MDV infection. We identified 11,512 infection-induced differential methylation regions (iDMRs). The number of iDMRs was larger in line 7 2 than in line 6 3, and most of iDMRs found in line 6 3 were overlapped with the iDMRs found in line 7 2. We further showed that in vitro methylation levels were associated with MDV replication, and found that MDV propagation in the infected cells was restricted by pharmacological inhibition of DNA methylation. Our results suggest that DNA methylation in the host may be associated with disease resistance or susceptibility. The methylation variations induced by viral infection may consequentially change the host transcriptome and result in diverse disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tian
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Fei Zhan
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Nathan D VanderKraats
- Center for Pharmacogenomics; Department of Medicine; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Jeffrey F Hiken
- Center for Pharmacogenomics; Department of Medicine; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO USA
| | - John R Edwards
- Center for Pharmacogenomics; Department of Medicine; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA; ARS, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory; East Lansing, MI USA; Department of Animal Science; Michigan State University; East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
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Yu Y, Deng YN. [Bovine disease-related DNA mutations and their genetic control strategies in breeding for disease resistance]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2012; 34:1242-50. [PMID: 23099780 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine genomic DNA mutations and their genetic effects on gene expression and protein function influence disease susceptibility and resistance of cattle. The genetic loci related to cattle diseases are mainly divided into two types: single-locus-disease genes and multigenic-disease loci. The single-locus-disease genes are called causal mutations; their genetic basis is simply and normally detected in the coding and non-coding regions inducing substitution of amino acid, premature termination of translation, and complete deletion of entire exon(s). In contrast, the genetic basis of disease related to multiple genes is more complex since susceptibility or resistance of these diseases is affected by the interactions among host, pathogen, and environment. This article reviewed current research and application of the major diseases of cattle con-trolled by single gene or polygenic genes. The genetic control strategies of effective identification and control of these dis-eases in bovine breeding and production were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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12
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Kumar S, Kunec D, Buza JJ, Chiang HI, Zhou H, Subramaniam S, Pendarvis K, Cheng HH, Burgess SC. Nuclear Factor kappa B is central to Marek's disease herpesvirus induced neoplastic transformation of CD30 expressing lymphocytes in-vivo. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:123. [PMID: 22979947 PMCID: PMC3472249 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Marek’s Disease (MD) is a hyperproliferative, lymphomatous, neoplastic disease of chickens caused by the oncogenic Gallid herpesvirus type 2 (GaHV-2; MDV). Like several human lymphomas the neoplastic MD lymphoma cells overexpress the CD30 antigen (CD30hi) and are in minority, while the non-neoplastic cells (CD30lo) form the majority of population. MD is a unique natural in-vivo model of human CD30hi lymphomas with both natural CD30hi lymphomagenesis and spontaneous regression. The exact mechanism of neoplastic transformation from CD30lo expressing phenotype to CD30hi expressing neoplastic phenotype is unknown. Here, using microarray, proteomics and Systems Biology modeling; we compare the global gene expression of CD30lo and CD30hi cells to identify key pathways of neoplastic transformation. We propose and test a specific mechanism of neoplastic transformation, and genetic resistance, involving the MDV oncogene Meq, host gene products of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) family and CD30; we also identify a novel Meq protein interactome. Results Our results show that a) CD30lo lymphocytes are pre-neoplastic precursors and not merely reactive lymphocytes; b) multiple transformation mechanisms exist and are potentially controlled by Meq; c) Meq can drive a feed-forward cycle that induces CD30 transcription, increases CD30 signaling which activates NF-κB, and, in turn, increases Meq transcription; d) Meq transcriptional repression or activation of the CD30 promoter generally correlates with polymorphisms in the CD30 promoter distinguishing MD-lymphoma resistant and susceptible chicken genotypes e) MDV oncoprotein Meq interacts with proteins involved in physiological processes central to lymphomagenesis. Conclusions In the context of the MD lymphoma microenvironment (and potentially in other CD30hi lymphomas as well), our results show that the neoplastic transformation is a continuum and the non-neoplastic cells are actually pre-neoplastic precursor cells and not merely immune bystanders. We also show that NF-κB is a central player in MDV induced neoplastic transformation of CD30-expressing lymphocytes in vivo. Our results provide insights into molecular mechanisms of neoplastic transformation in MD specifically and also herpesvirus induced lymphoma in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamesh Kumar
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
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Zhang W, Qu L, Xu G, Lian L, Zheng J, Yang N. Hypomethylation upregulates the expression of CD30 in lymphoma induced by Marek's disease virus. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1610-8. [PMID: 22700506 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is widely known to be involved in embryo development, aging, tumorigenesis, and many complex diseases. Both hypermethylation of CpG islands at the gene promoters and global hypomethylation are involved in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. However, only a small portion of hypomethylation occurs at gene promoters and leads to the overexpression of certain oncogenes. To determine whether DNA methylation plays a role in tumorigenesis of Marek's disease, we selected one putative oncogene and 8 tumor suppressor genes from the gene expression profile for the analysis of DNA methylation variation. Four normal spleen tissues and 4 Marek's disease virus-infected tumor spleen tissues were collected, and the methylation level of the promoter region of each gene was analyzed using MassARRAY. As a result, the promoter region of CD30 was hypomethylated and displayed a significantly higher expression in Marek's disease virus-infected tumor spleen tissues compared with normal ones (P < 0.05). In neoplastic cells, CD30 was known to promote the survival and proliferation of T-cell lymphomas. This result suggests that activation of CD30 is possibly associated with the tumorigenesis of Marek's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Liu X, Guo XY, Xu XZ, Wu M, Zhang X, Li Q, Ma PP, Zhang Y, Wang CY, Geng FJ, Qin CH, Liu L, Shi WH, Wang YC, Yu Y. Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms of the bovine methyltransferase 3b gene and their association with meat quality traits in beef cattle. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:2569-77. [PMID: 22843074 DOI: 10.4238/2012.june.29.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is essential for adipose deposition in mammals. We screened SNPs of the bovine DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) gene in Snow Dragon beef, a commercial beef cattle population in China. Nine SNPs were found in the population and three of six novel SNPs were chosen for genotyping and analyzing a possible association with 16 meat quality traits. The frequencies of the alleles and genotypes of the three SNPs in Snow Dragon beef were similar to those in their terminal-paternal breed, Wagyu. Association analysis disclosed that SNP1 was not associated with any of the traits; SNP2 was significantly associated with lean meat color score and chuck short rib score, and SNP3 had a significant effect on dressing percentage and back-fat thickness in the beef population. The individuals with genotype GG for SNP2 had a 25.7% increase in lean meat color score and a 146% increase in chuck short rib score, compared with genotype AA. The cattle with genotype AG for SNP3 had 35.7 and 24% increases in dressing percentage and 28.8 and 29.2% increases in back-fat thickness, compared with genotypes GG and AA, respectively. Genotypic combination analysis revealed significant interactions between SNP1 and SNP2 and between SNP2 and SNP3 for the traits rib-eye area and live weight. We conclude that there is considerable evidence that DNMT3b is a determiner of beef quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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15
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Luo J, Mitra A, Tian F, Chang S, Zhang H, Cui K, Yu Y, Zhao K, Song J. Histone methylation analysis and pathway predictions in chickens after MDV infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41849. [PMID: 22848633 PMCID: PMC3406056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease in chicken induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV). Although studies have focused on the genetic differences between the resistant and susceptible chicken, less is known about the role of epigenetic factors in MD. In this study, genome-wide histone modifications in the non-MHC-associated resistant and susceptible chicken lines were examined. We found that tri-methylation at histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4me3) enrichment is positively correlated with the expression of protein coding genes as well as microRNA (miRNA) genes, whereas tri-methylation at histone H3 Lys27 (H3K27me3) exhibits a negative correlation. By identifying line-specific histone modifications in MDV infection, we found unique H3K4me3 islands in the resistant chicken activated genes, which are related to immune response and cell adhesion. Interestingly, we also found some miRNAs from unique H3K27me3 patterns in the susceptible chickens that targeted genes involved in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-receptor and adrenergic receptor pathways. In conclusion, dynamic line-specific histone modifications in response to MDV infection suggested that intrinsic epigenetic mechanisms may play a role in MD-resistance and -susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Apratim Mitra
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fei Tian
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shuang Chang
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kairong Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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16
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Ellis HL, Shioda K, Rosenthal NF, Coser KR, Shioda T. Masculine epigenetic sex marks of the CYP19A1/aromatase promoter in genetically male chicken embryonic gonads are resistant to estrogen-induced phenotypic sex conversion. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:23, 1-12. [PMID: 22539680 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.099747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex of birds is genetically determined through inheritance of the ZW sex chromosomes (ZZ males and ZW females). Although the mechanisms of avian sex determination remains unknown, the genetic sex is experimentally reversible by in ovo exposure to exogenous estrogens (ZZ-male feminization) or aromatase inhibitors (ZW-female masculinization). Expression of various testis- and ovary-specific marker genes during the normal and reversed gonadal sex differentiation in chicken embryos has been extensively studied, but the roles of sex-specific epigenetic marks in sex differentiation are unknown. In this study, we show that a 170-nt region in the promoter of CYP19A1/aromatase, a key gene required for ovarian estrogen biosynthesis and feminization of chicken embryonic gonads, contains highly quantitative, nucleotide base-level epigenetic marks that reflect phenotypic gonadal sex differentiation. We developed a protocol to feminize ZZ-male chicken embryonic gonads in a highly quantitative manner by direct injection of emulsified ethynylestradiol into yolk at various developmental stages. Taking advantage of this experimental sex reversal model, we show that the epigenetic sex marks in the CYP19A1/aromatase promoter involving DNA methylation and histone lysine methylation are feminized significantly but only partially in sex-converted gonads even when morphological and transcriptional marks of sex differentiation show complete feminization, being indistinguishable from gonads of normal ZW females. Our study suggests that the epigenetic sex of chicken embryonic gonads is more stable than the morphologically or transcriptionally characterized sex differentiation, suggesting the importance of the nucleotide base-level epigenetic sex in gonadal sex differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L Ellis
- Molecular Profiling Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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[Comparative analysis on content and distribution of CpG sites in milk production traits and mastitis-related genes in dairy cattle]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2012; 34:437-44. [PMID: 22522161 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a major part of epigenetics. DNA methylation on the CpG sites in gene promoter and the first exon often represses gene expression, but demethylation activates gene expression. Previous research has shown that a negative correlation was found between mastitis index (somatic cell count, SCC) and milk production traits in Holsteins. The content and distribution of CpG dinucleotide sites in different regions of the candidate genes related to milk production traits and mastitis were studied in the present study. The regions contained promoter (2000 bp upstream of transcriptional start site), exon 1, and 2000 bp downstream of transcriptional end site. The CpG number of promoter and exon 1 in the mastitis-related genes was significantly less than that of the milk production-associated genes. However, the CpG number of 2000 bp downstream of the genes for the two traits was not significantly different. Two new index quantified CpG characterizations were proposed. One is the CpG distance, which can measure the distribution of CpG. The other is the conditional probability p(G|C), which is used to quantify the probability of CpG in a nucleotide sequence along with C. The two indexes of promoter and exon 1 in the two types of genes and their statistic analysis were carried out. This study sets the basis for DNA methylation regulation of milk production traits- and mastitis-related genes.
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Guo X, Liu X, Xu X, Wu M, Zhang X, Li Q, Liu W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yu Y. The expression levels of DNMT3a/3b and their relationship with meat quality in beef cattle. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:5473-9. [PMID: 22193622 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To identify the effects of the expression levels of DNMT3a and DNMT3b, coding the de novo methyltransferases DNMT3a and DNMT3b, on 16 beef carcass and quality traits, 50 beef cattle liver and ribeye muscle tissue samples were collected. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was employed to quantify the expression level of these two genes, and a basic model included fixed effects of gender, age, and expression level of these two genes was used to analyze live weight; and slaughtering batches and aging days were added when beef carcass traits and beef quality traits were analyzed, respectively. Results showed that transcripts of DNMT3a and DNMT3b were present at significantly higher levels in liver tissue than in muscle tissue, and the expression level of DNMT3a was significantly higher than that of DNMT3b in both tissues. Regression analysis found that the expression levels of DNMT3a and DNMT3b were associated with several beef quality traits, which are important in beef breeding. Findings of the present study suggested that these two genes could significantly contribute to the improvement of beef quality genetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal and Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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Luo J, Yu Y, Chang S, Tian F, Zhang H, Song J. DNA Methylation Fluctuation Induced by Virus Infection Differs between MD-resistant and -susceptible Chickens. Front Genet 2012; 3:20. [PMID: 22363343 PMCID: PMC3281210 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek’s disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease induced by Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infection. To augment vaccination measures in MD control, host genetic resistant to MD becomes obviously more and more important. To elucidate the mechanism of MD-resistance, most of researches were focused on the genetic differences between resistant and susceptible chickens. However, epigenetic features between MD resistant and susceptible chickens are poorly characterized. Using bisulfite pyrosequencing method, we found some candidate genes have higher promoter methylation in the MD-susceptible (L72) chickens than in the MD-resistant (L63) chickens. The hypermethylated genes, involved in cellular component organization, responding to stimulus, cell adhesion, and immune system process, may play important role in susceptibility to disease by deregulation of these genes. MDV infection induced the expression changes of all three methyltransferases genes (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) in both lines of chickens. The DNMT1 was up-regulated in L72, whereas the DNMT3b was down-regulated in L63 at 21 dpi. Interestingly, a dynamic change of promoter methylation was observed during MDV life cycle. Some genes, including HDAC9, GH, STAT1, CIITA, FABP3, LATS2, and H2Ac, showed differential methylation behaviors between the two lines of chickens. In summary, the findings from this study suggested that DNA methylation heterogeneity and MDV infection induced methylation alterations differences existed between the two lines of chickens. Therefore, it is suggested that epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in modulating the resistance and/or susceptibility to MD in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
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20
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Yu Y, Luo J, Mitra A, Chang S, Tian F, Zhang H, Yuan P, Zhou H, Song J. Temporal transcriptome changes induced by MDV in Marek's disease-resistant and -susceptible inbred chickens. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:501. [PMID: 21992110 PMCID: PMC3269463 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV) and characterized by T cell lymphoma and infiltration of lymphoid cells into various organs such as liver, spleen, peripheral nerves and muscle. Resistance to MD and disease risk have long been thought to be influenced both by genetic and environmental factors, the combination of which contributes to the observed outcome in an individual. We hypothesize that after MDV infection, genes related to MD-resistance or -susceptibility may exhibit different trends in transcriptional activity in chicken lines having a varying degree of resistance to MD. Results In order to study the mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to MD, we performed genome-wide temporal expression analysis in spleen tissues from MD-resistant line 63, susceptible line 72 and recombinant congenic strain M (RCS-M) that has a phenotype intermediate between lines 63 and 72 after MDV infection. Three time points of the MDV life cycle in chicken were selected for study: 5 days post infection (dpi), 10dpi and 21dpi, representing the early cytolytic, latent and late cytolytic stages, respectively. We observed similar gene expression profiles at the three time points in line 63 and RCS-M chickens that are both different from line 72. Pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that MDV can broadly influence the chickens irrespective of whether they are resistant or susceptible to MD. However, some pathways like cardiac arrhythmia and cardiovascular disease were found to be affected only in line 72; while some networks related to cell-mediated immune response and antigen presentation were enriched only in line 63 and RCS-M. We identified 78 and 30 candidate genes associated with MD resistance, at 10 and 21dpi respectively, by considering genes having the same trend of expression change after MDV infection in lines 63 and RCS-M. On the other hand, by considering genes with the same trend of expression change after MDV infection in lines 72 and RCS-M, we identified 78 and 43 genes at 10 and 21dpi, respectively, which may be associated with MD-susceptibility. Conclusions By testing temporal transcriptome changes using three representative chicken lines with different resistance to MD, we identified 108 candidate genes for MD-resistance and 121 candidate genes for MD-susceptibility over the three time points. Genes included in our resistance or susceptibility genes lists that are also involved in more than 5 biofunctions, such as CD8α, IL8, USP18, and CTLA4, are considered to be important genes involved in MD-resistance or -susceptibility. We were also able to identify several biofunctions related with immune response that we believe play an important role in MD-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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21
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Oxidative stress is implicated in arsenic‐induced neural tube defects in chick embryos. Int J Dev Neurosci 2011; 29:673-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Luo J, Yu Y, Zhang H, Tian F, Chang S, Cheng HH, Song J. Down-regulation of promoter methylation level of CD4 gene after MDV infection in MD-susceptible chicken line. BMC Proc 2011; 5 Suppl 4:S7. [PMID: 21645322 PMCID: PMC3108237 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s4-s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is an oncovirus that induces lymphoid tumors in susceptible chickens, and may affect the epigenetic stability of the CD4 gene. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of MDV infection on DNA methylation status of the CD4 gene differed between MD-resistant (L63) and –susceptible (L72) chicken lines. Methods Chickens from each line were divided into two groups with one group infected by MDV and the other group as uninfected controls. Then, promoter DNA methylation levels of the CD4 gene were measured by Pyrosequencing; and gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative PCR. Results Promoter methylation of the CD4 gene was found to be down-regulated in L72 chickens only after MDV infection. The methylation down-regulation of the CD4 promoter is negatively correlated with up-regulation of CD4 gene expression in the L72 spleen at 21 dpi. Conclusions The methylation fluctuation and mRNA expression change of CD4 gene induced by MDV infection suggested a unique epigenetic mechanism existed in MD-susceptible chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- Animal & Avian Sciences Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Animal & Avian Sciences Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA.,College of Animal Sciences, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, ARS, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Fei Tian
- Animal & Avian Sciences Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - Shuang Chang
- USDA, ARS, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Hans H Cheng
- USDA, ARS, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Animal & Avian Sciences Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
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Abstract
It is more than a century since Marek's disease (MD) was first reported in chickens and since then there have been concerted efforts to better understand this disease, its causative agent and various approaches for control of this disease. Recently, there have been several outbreaks of the disease in various regions, due to the evolving nature of MD virus (MDV), which necessitates the implementation of improved prophylactic approaches. It is therefore essential to better understand the interactions between chickens and the virus. The chicken immune system is directly involved in controlling the entry and the spread of the virus. It employs two distinct but interrelated mechanisms to tackle viral invasion. Innate defense mechanisms comprise secretion of soluble factors as well as cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells as the first line of defense. These innate responses provide the adaptive arm of the immune system including antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses to be tailored more specifically against MDV. In addition to the immune system, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the outcome of MDV infection in chickens. This review discusses our current understanding of immune responses elicited against MDV and genetic factors that contribute to the nature of the response.
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Ji N, Yuan J, Liu J, Tian S. Developing multidrug-resistant cells and exploring correlation between BCRP/ABCG2 over-expression and DNA methyltransferase. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2010; 42:854-62. [PMID: 21106767 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of breast cancer resistance protein/ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (BCRP/ABCG2) is the major cause of chemotherapy failure. It is important to establish and characterize the multidrug resistance cells and to investigate the mechanism of multidrug resistance. Multidrug-resistant cells expressing BCRP/ABCG2 based on human breast cancer MCF-7/wt cells were developed by gradually increasing application of low concentration of mitoxantrone. Real-time quantitative PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence assay were employed to analyze BCRP mRNA and protein expression. Drug accumulation in the cells was measured by flow cytometry and DNA methyltransferases were analyzed by western blot. The results indicated that the inhibitory ratio of cell proliferative growth exhibited an exponential relation with the concentration of mitoxantrone. The IC₅₀ of MCF-7/wt cells to mitoxantrone was found to be 0.42 μM. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthlthiazol-2-YI)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay indicated that the mitoxantrone-resistant cells at different stages exhibited cross-resistance to adriamycin and taxol. BCRP/ABCG2 mRNA and protein levels in the mitoxantrone-resistant cells at different stages increased with increasing concentration of mitoxantrone. Intracellular accumulation of mitoxantrone in the cells decreased with the increase of the BCRP/ABCG2 expression levels. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) expressions in the cells at different stages decreased slightly, whereas DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) expression decreases significantly. BCRP/ABCG2 overexpression and its drug-efflux function in the drug-resistant cells are the main factors to produce multidrug resistance. Our results suggest that multidrug resistance is related to overexpression of BCRP/ABCG2 and the decrease of DNA methyltransferases, especially DNMT3b.
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Alternative splicing variants and DNA methylation status of BDNF in inbred chicken lines. Brain Res 2009; 1269:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Revised: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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