1
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Ghaddar N, Wang S, Woodvine B, Krishnamoorthy J, van Hoef V, Darini C, Kazimierczak U, Ah-Son N, Popper H, Johnson M, Officer L, Teodósio A, Broggini M, Mann KK, Hatzoglou M, Topisirovic I, Larsson O, Le Quesne J, Koromilas AE. The integrated stress response is tumorigenic and constitutes a therapeutic liability in KRAS-driven lung cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4651. [PMID: 34330898 PMCID: PMC8324901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is an essential stress-support pathway increasingly recognized as a determinant of tumorigenesis. Here we demonstrate that ISR is pivotal in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development, the most common histological type of lung cancer and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Increased phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2 (p-eIF2α), the focal point of ISR, is related to invasiveness, increased growth, and poor outcome in 928 LUAD patients. Dissection of ISR mechanisms in KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis in mice demonstrated that p-eIF2α causes the translational repression of dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), resulting in increased phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). Treatments with ISR inhibitors, including a memory-enhancing drug with limited toxicity, provides a suitable therapeutic option for KRAS-driven lung cancer insofar as they substantially reduce tumor growth and prolong mouse survival. Our data provide a rationale for the implementation of ISR-based regimens in LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ghaddar
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shuo Wang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bethany Woodvine
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, UK
| | - Jothilatha Krishnamoorthy
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent van Hoef
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Cedric Darini
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Urszula Kazimierczak
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Nicolas Ah-Son
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Helmuth Popper
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Myriam Johnson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leah Officer
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, UK
| | - Ana Teodósio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, UK
| | - Massimo Broggini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Koren K Mann
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - John Le Quesne
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, UK.
- Beatson Cancer Research Institute, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Antonis E Koromilas
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Frost ER, Ford EA, Peters AE, Reed NL, McLaughlin EA, Baker MA, Lovell-Badge R, Sutherland JM. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 are expressed in the human ovary and have Janus kinase 1-independent functions in the COV434 human granulosa cell line. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:1027-1039. [PMID: 32758351 DOI: 10.1071/rd20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cells are fundamental for oocyte maintenance and maturation. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of members of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathway in the granulosa cell population of mouse and horse ovaries, with perturbation of JAK1 signalling in the mouse shown to impair oocyte maintenance and accelerate primordial follicle activation. The presence and role of the JAK/STAT pathway in human granulosa cells has yet to be elucidated. In this study, expression of JAK1, STAT1 and STAT3 was detected in oocytes and granulosa cells of human ovarian sections from fetal (40 weeks gestation) and premenopausal ovaries (34-41 years of age; n=3). To determine the effects of JAK1 signalling in granulosa cells, the human granulosa-like cell line COV434 was used, with JAK1 inhibition using ruxolitinib. Chemical inhibition of JAK1 in COV434 cells with 100nM ruxolitinib for 72h resulted in significant increases in STAT3 mRNA (P=0.034) and p-Y701-STAT1 protein (P=0.0117), demonstrating a role for JAK1 in modulating STAT in granulosa cells. This study implicates a conserved role for JAK/STAT signalling in human ovary development, warranting further investigation of this pathway in human granulosa cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Frost
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; and Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; and Corresponding author.
| | - E A Ford
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - A E Peters
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - N L Reed
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - E A McLaughlin
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; and School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - M A Baker
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - R Lovell-Badge
- Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - J M Sutherland
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy and Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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3
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Pellizzari I, Fabris L, Berton S, Segatto I, Citron F, D'Andrea S, Cusan M, Benevol S, Perin T, Massarut S, Canzonieri V, Schiappacassi M, Belletti B, Baldassarre G. p27kip1 expression limits H-Ras-driven transformation and tumorigenesis by both canonical and non-canonical mechanisms. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64560-64574. [PMID: 27579539 PMCID: PMC5323099 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p27Kip1 plays a pivotal role in the control of cell growth and metastasis formation.Several studies pointed to different roles for p27Kip1 in the control of Ras induced transformation, although no explanation has been provided to elucidate these differences. We recently demonstrated that p27kip1 regulates H-Ras activity via its interaction with stathmin.Here, using in vitro and in vivo models, we show that p27kip1 is an important regulator of Ras induced transformation. In H-RasV12 transformed cells, p27kip1 suppressed cell proliferation and tumor growth via two distinct mechanisms: 1) inhibition of CDK activity and 2) impairment of MT-destabilizing activity of stathmin. Conversely, in K-Ras4BV12 transformed cells, p27kip1 acted mainly in a CDK-dependent but stathmin-independent manner.Using human cancer-derived cell lines and primary breast and sarcoma samples, we confirmed in human models what we observed in mice.Overall, we highlight a pathway, conserved from mouse to human, important in the regulation of H-Ras oncogenic activity that could have therapeutic and diagnostic implication in patients that may benefit from anti-H-Ras therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Pellizzari
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Linda Fabris
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefania Berton
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Ilenia Segatto
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Citron
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara D'Andrea
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Martina Cusan
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara Benevol
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Samuele Massarut
- Breast Surgery Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Monica Schiappacassi
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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4
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Yang CH, Wang Y, Sims M, Cai C, He P, Yue J, Cheng J, Boop FA, Pfeffer SR, Pfeffer LM. MiRNA203 suppresses the expression of protumorigenic STAT1 in glioblastoma to inhibit tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84017-84029. [PMID: 27705947 PMCID: PMC5341291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in regulating cancer cell proliferation, migration, survival and sensitivity to chemotherapy. The potential application of using miRNAs for cancer prognosis holds great promise but miRNAs with predictive value remain to be identified and underlying mechanisms of how they promote or suppress tumorigenesis are not completely understood. Here, we show a strong correlation between miR203 expression and brain cancer patient survival. Low miR203 expression is found in subsets of brain cancer patients, especially glioblastoma. Ectopic miR203 expression in glioblastoma cell lines inhibited cell proliferation and migration, increased sensitivity to apoptosis induced by interferon or temozolomide in vitro, and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. We further show that STAT1 is a direct functional target of miR203, and miR203 level is negatively correlated with STAT1 expression in brain cancer patients. Knockdown of STAT1 expression mimicked the effect of overexpression of miR203 in glioblastoma cell lines, and inhibited cell proliferation and migration, increased sensitivity to apoptosis induced by IFN or temozolomide in vitro, and inhibited glioblastoma tumorigenesis in vivo. High STAT1 expression significantly correlated with poor survival in brain cancer patients. Mechanistically, we found that enforced miR203 expression in glioblastoma suppressed STAT1 expression directly, as well as that of a number of STAT1 regulated genes. Taken together, our data suggest that miR203 acts as a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma by suppressing the pro-tumorigenic action of STAT1. MiR203 may serve as a predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target in subsets of cancer patients with low miR203 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michelle Sims
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chun Cai
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ping He
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Frederick A Boop
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan R Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lawrence M Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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5
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Leehy KA, Truong TH, Mauro LJ, Lange CA. Progesterone receptors (PR) mediate STAT actions: PR and prolactin receptor signaling crosstalk in breast cancer models. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:88-93. [PMID: 28442393 PMCID: PMC5653461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is the major mitogenic stimulus of mammary gland development during puberty wherein ER signaling acts to induce abundant PR expression. PR signaling, in contrast, is the primary driver of mammary epithelial cell proliferation in adulthood. The high circulating levels of progesterone during pregnancy signal through PR, inducing expression of the prolactin receptor (PRLR). Cooperation between PR and prolactin (PRL) signaling, via regulation of downstream components in the PRL signaling pathway including JAKs and STATs, facilitates the alveolar morphogenesis observed during pregnancy. Indeed, these pathways are fully integrated via activation of shared signaling pathways (i.e. JAKs, MAPKs) as well as by the convergence of PRs and STATs at target genes relevant to both mammary gland biology and breast cancer progression (i.e. proliferation, stem cell outgrowth, tissue cell type heterogeneity). Thus, rather than a single mediator such as ER, transcription factor cascades (ER>PR>STATs) are responsible for rapid proliferative and developmental programming in the normal mammary gland. It is not surprising that these same mediators typify uncontrolled proliferation in a majority of breast cancers, where ER and PR are most often co-expressed and may cooperate to drive malignant tumor progression. This review will primarily focus on the integration of PR and PRL signaling in breast cancer models and the importance of this cross-talk in cancer progression in the context of mammographic density. Components of these PR/PRL signaling pathways could offer alternative drug targets and logical complements to anti-ER or anti-estrogen-based endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Leehy
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Thu H Truong
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Laura J Mauro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Carol A Lange
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States.
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6
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Mediator Kinase Phosphorylation of STAT1 S727 Promotes Growth of Neoplasms With JAK-STAT Activation. EBioMedicine 2017; 26:112-125. [PMID: 29239838 PMCID: PMC5832629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive JAK-STAT signaling drives the proliferation of most myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and a subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but persistence emerges with chronic exposure to JAK inhibitors. MPN and post-MPN AML are dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation of STATs, but the role of serine STAT1 phosphorylation remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that Mediator kinase inhibitor cortistatin A (CA) reduced proliferation of JAK2-mutant AML in vitro and in vivo and also suppressed CDK8-dependent phosphorylation of STAT1 at serine 727. Here we report that phosphorylation of STAT1 S727 promotes the proliferation of AML cells with JAK-STAT pathway activation. Inhibition of serine phosphorylation by CA promotes growth arrest and differentiation, inhibits colony formation in MPN patient samples and reduces allele burden in MPN mouse models. These results reveal that STAT1 pS727 regulates growth and differentiation in JAK-STAT activated neoplasms and suggest that Mediator kinase inhibition represents a therapeutic strategy to regulate JAK-STAT signaling. CDK8/19 inhibitor cortistatin A synergizes with FDA-approved JAK1/2 ruxolitinib and inhibits ruxolitinib-persistent cells. CDK8/19 phosphorylation of STAT1 S727 promotes growth and suppresses differentiation. Cortistatin A upregulates expression of STAT1 pS727- and SE-associated genes.
Previously, it was known that cancer cells with activated JAK-STAT signaling are driven by oncogenic actions of JAK2 and tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5. The FDA-approved JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib targets these dependencies, but significant challenges remain in the clinic, especially for leukemia patients. We show here that JAK2-mutant leukemia cells that become resistant to ruxolitinib are sensitive to CDK8/19 inhibitor CA and that CA synergizes with ruxolitinib, indicating that CDK8/19 inhibitors may be an effective therapeutic strategy for these cancers. Further, our studies provide insights into the mechanistic role of STAT1 serine phosphorylation by CDK8/19 in JAK2-activated leukemia.
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7
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Wang S, Darini C, Désaubry L, Koromilas AE. STAT1 Promotes KRAS Colon Tumor Growth and Susceptibility to Pharmacological Inhibition of Translation Initiation Factor eIF4A. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 15:3055-3063. [PMID: 27913706 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT1 displays antitumor functions for certain forms of cancer via immunoregulatory and cell-autonomous pathways. Paradoxically, STAT1 can promote the survival of different tumor types treated with chemotherapeutic drugs through mechanisms that are not clearly defined. Herein, we demonstrate that STAT1 displays prosurvival effects in human KRAS colon tumor cells by regulating pathways that converge on the initiation of mRNA translation. Specifically, STAT1 increases PI3K class IB signaling and promotes the downregulation of the programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4), a protein with tumor-suppressive properties. PDCD4 downregulation by STAT1 increases the activity of the translation initiation factor eIF4A, which facilitates the cap-independent translation of mRNAs encoding for the antiapoptotic XIAP and BCL-XL in colon tumors with mutated but not normal KRAS Genetic inactivation of STAT1 impairs the tumorigenic potency of human KRAS colon tumor cells and renders them resistant to the antitumor effects of the pharmacologic inhibition of eIF4A in culture and immunodeficient mice. Our data demonstrate an important connection between mRNA translation and KRAS tumorigenesis under the control of STAT1, which can determine the susceptibility of KRAS tumors to pharmacologic inhibition of mRNA translation initiation. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 3055-63. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cedric Darini
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique (UMR 7200), Faculté de Pharmacie de l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antonis E Koromilas
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Darvin P, Joung YH, Kang DY, Sp N, Byun HJ, Hwang TS, Sasidharakurup H, Lee CH, Cho KH, Park KD, Lee HK, Yang YM. Tannic acid inhibits EGFR/STAT1/3 and enhances p38/STAT1 signalling axis in breast cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:720-734. [PMID: 27862996 PMCID: PMC5345631 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA), a naturally occurring polyphenol, is a potent anti-oxidant with anti-proliferative effects on multiple cancers. However, its ability to modulate gene-specific expression of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes has not been assessed. This work investigates the mechanism of TA to regulate canonical and non-canonical STAT pathways to impose the gene-specific induction of G1-arrest and apoptosis. Regardless of the p53 status and membrane receptors, TA induced G1-arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Tannic acid distinctly modulated both canonical and non-canonical STAT pathways, each with a specific role in TA-induced anti-cancer effects. Tannic acid enhanced STAT1 ser727 phosphorylation via upstream serine kinase p38. This STAT1 ser727 phosphorylation enhanced the DNA-binding activity of STAT1 and in turn enhanced expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 . However, TA binds to EGF-R and inhibits the tyrosine phosphorylation of both STAT1 and STAT3. This inhibition leads to the inhibition of STAT3/BCL-2 DNA-binding activity. As a result, the expression and mitochondrial localization of BCl-2 are declined. This altered expression and localization of mitochondrial anti-pore factors resulted in the release of cytochrome c and the activation of intrinsic apoptosis cascade involving caspases. Taken together, our results suggest that TA modulates EGF-R/Jak2/STAT1/3 and P38/STAT1/p21Waf1/Cip1 pathways and induce G1-arrest and intrinsic apoptosis in breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Darvin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youn Hee Joung
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nipin Sp
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Byun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Sook Hwang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hema Sasidharakurup
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Kollam, India
| | - Chi Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Kyung Do Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hak Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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9
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Teratake Y, Kuga C, Hasegawa Y, Sato Y, Kitahashi M, Fujimura L, Watanabe-Takano H, Sakamoto A, Arima M, Tokuhisa T, Hatano M. Transcriptional repression of p27 is essential for murine embryonic development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26244. [PMID: 27196371 PMCID: PMC4872541 DOI: 10.1038/srep26244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nczf gene has been identified as one of Ncx target genes and encodes a novel KRAB zinc-finger protein, which functions as a sequence specific transcriptional repressor. In order to elucidate Nczf functions, we generated Nczf knockout (Nczf−/−) mice. Nczf−/− mice died around embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) with small body size and impairment of axial rotation. Histopathological analysis revealed that the cell number decreased and pyknotic cells were occasionally observed. We examined the expression of cell cycle related genes in Nczf−/− mice. p27 expression was increased in E8.0 Nczf−/− mice compared to that of wild type mice. Nczf knockdown by siRNA resulted in increased expression of p27 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Furthermore, p27 promoter luciferase reporter gene analysis confirmed the regulation of p27 mRNA expression by Nczf. Nczf−/−; p27−/− double knockout mice survived until E11.5 and the defect of axial rotation was restored. These data suggest that p27 repression by Nczf is essential in the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Teratake
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chisa Kuga
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Hasegawa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sato
- Developmental Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayasu Kitahashi
- Developmental Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Lisa Fujimura
- Biomedical Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruko Watanabe-Takano
- Biomedical Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akemi Sakamoto
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan.,Biomedical Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Arima
- Developmental Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuhisa
- Developmental Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hatano
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan.,Biomedical Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
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10
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Meissl K, Macho-Maschler S, Müller M, Strobl B. The good and the bad faces of STAT1 in solid tumours. Cytokine 2015; 89:12-20. [PMID: 26631912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 is part of the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT signalling cascade and is best known for its essential role in mediating responses to all types of interferons (IFN). STAT1 regulates a variety of cellular processes, such as antimicrobial activities, cell proliferation and cell death. It exerts important immune modulatory activities both in the innate and the adaptive arm of the immune system. Based on studies in mice and data from human patients, STAT1 is generally considered a tumour suppressor but there is growing evidence that it can also act as a tumour promoter. This review aims at contrasting the two faces of STAT1 in tumourigenesis and providing an overview on the current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms or pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Meissl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Macho-Maschler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Yuasa K, Hijikata T. Distal regulatory element of the STAT1 gene potentially mediates positive feedback control of STAT1 expression. Genes Cells 2015; 21:25-40. [PMID: 26592235 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a distal regulatory element located approximately 5.5-kb upstream of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gene, thereafter designating it as 5.5-kb upstream regulatory region (5.5URR). In this study, we investigated the functional roles of 5.5URR in the transcriptional regulation of STAT1 gene. A chromosome conformation capture assay indicated physical interaction of 5.5URR with the STAT1 core promoter. In luciferase reporter assays, 5.5URR-combined STAT1 core promoter exhibited significant increase in reporter activity enhanced by forced STAT1 expression or interferon (IFN) treatment, but STAT1 core promoter alone did not. The 5.5URR contained IFN-stimulated response element and GAS sites, which bound STAT1 complexes in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Consistently, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays of HEK293 cells with Halo-tagged STAT1 expression indicated the association of Halo-tagged STAT1 with 5.5URR. ChIP assays with IFN treatment demonstrated that IFNs promoted the recruitment of Halo-tagged STAT1 to 5.5URR. Forced STAT1 expression or IFN treatment increased the expression of endogenous STAT1 and other IFN signaling pathway components, such as STAT2, IRF9 and IRF1, besides IFN-responsive genes. Collectively, the results suggest that 5.5URR may provide a regulatory platform for positive feedback control of STAT1 expression possibly to amplify or sustain the intracellular IFN signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Yuasa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Takao Hijikata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
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12
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Wang S, Koromilas AE. STAT1-mediated translational control in tumor suppression and antitumor therapies. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1055049. [PMID: 27314074 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1055049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1) functions as a tumor suppressor but paradoxically protects tumor cells from death induced by DNA damaging drugs. An important mechanism employed by Stat1 to exert its tumor suppressor and cytoprotective effects involves translation of select mRNAs encoding proteins with either antitumor or prosurvival properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antonis E Koromilas
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Hatziieremia S, Mohammed Z, McCall P, Willder JM, Roseweir AK, Underwood MA, Edwards J. Loss of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 is associated with prostate cancer recurrence. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1667-1677. [PMID: 26495772 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
STAT1 loss has previously been implicated in cell line studies to modify prostate cancer cell growth and survival, however the clinical significance of this has not previously been established. This study investigated if STAT1 loss was associated with patient outcome measures and the phenotypic consequence of STAT1 silencing. STAT1 expression was assessed in two patient cohorts with localised (n = 78) and advanced prostate cancer at initial diagnosis (n = 39) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Impact of STAT1 silencing on prostate cancer cells lines was assessed using Cell Death detection ELISA, TLDA gene signature apoptosis arrays, WST-1 assay, xCELLigence system, clonogenic assay, and wound healing assay. In the localised patient cohort, low expression of STAT1 was associated with shorter time to disease recurrence (3.8 vs 7.3 years, P = 0.02) and disease specific survival (6.6 vs 9.3 years, P = 0.05). In the advanced patient cohort, low expression was associated with shorter time to disease recurrence (2.0 vs 3.9 years, P = 0.001). When STAT1 was silenced in PC3 cells (AR negative) and LNCaP cells (AR positive) silencing did not influence levels of apoptosis in either cell line and had little effect on cell viability in the LNCaP cells. In contrast, STAT1 silencing in the PC3 cells resulted in a pronounced increase in cell viability (WST-1 assay: mock silenced vs STAT1 silenced, P < 0.001), clonagenicity (clonogenic assay: mock silenced vs STAT1 silenced, P < 0.001), and migration (wound healing: mock silenced vs STAT1 silenced, P < 0.001). In conclusion, loss of STAT1 may promote prostate cancer recurrence in AR negative patients via increasing cell viability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hatziieremia
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Mohammed
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela McCall
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Willder
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia K Roseweir
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Urology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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14
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Stat1 stimulates cap-independent mRNA translation to inhibit cell proliferation and promote survival in response to antitumor drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2149-55. [PMID: 25870277 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420671112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) functions as a tumor suppressor via immune regulatory and cell-autonomous pathways. Herein, we report a previously unidentified cell-autonomous Stat1 function, which is its ability to exhibit both antiproliferative and prosurvival properties by facilitating translation of mRNAs encoding for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) and antiapoptotic proteins X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and B-cell lymphoma xl. Translation of the select mRNAs requires the transcriptional function of Stat1, resulting in the up-regulation of the p110γ subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) class IB and increased expression of the translational repressor translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4EBP1). Increased PI3Kγ signaling promotes the degradation of the eIF4A inhibitor programmed cell death protein 4, which favors the cap-independent translation of the select mRNAs under conditions of general inhibition of protein synthesis by up-regulated eIF4E-binding protein 1. As such, Stat1 inhibits cell proliferation but also renders cells increasingly resistant to antiproliferative effects of pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K and/or mammalian target of rapamycin. Stat1 also protects Ras-transformed cells from the genotoxic effects of doxorubicin in culture and immune-deficient mice. Our findings demonstrate an important role of mRNA translation in the cell-autonomous Stat1 functions, with implications in tumor growth and treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs.
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15
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Kharma B, Baba T, Matsumura N, Kang HS, Hamanishi J, Murakami R, McConechy MM, Leung S, Yamaguchi K, Hosoe Y, Yoshioka Y, Murphy SK, Mandai M, Hunstman DG, Konishi I. STAT1 drives tumor progression in serous papillary endometrial cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6519-30. [PMID: 25267067 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of the interferon-induced transcription factor STAT1 have associated its dysregulation with poor prognosis in some cancers, but its mechanistic contributions are not well defined. In this study, we report that the STAT1 pathway is constitutively upregulated in type II endometrial cancers. STAT1 pathway alteration was especially prominent in serous papillary endometrial cancers (SPEC) that are refractive to therapy. Our results defined a "SPEC signature" as a molecular definition of its malignant features and poor prognosis. Specifically, we found that STAT1 regulated MYC as well as ICAM1, PD-L1, and SMAD7, as well as the capacity for proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumorigenecity in cells with a high SPEC signature. Together, our results define STAT1 as a driver oncogene in SPEC that modulates disease progression. We propose that STAT1 functions as a prosurvival gene in SPEC, in a manner important to tumor progression, and that STAT1 may be a novel target for molecular therapy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budiman Kharma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hyun Sook Kang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Murakami
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Melissa M McConechy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samuel Leung
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Hosoe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yoshioka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - David G Hunstman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ikuo Konishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Koromilas AE, Sexl V. The tumor suppressor function of STAT1 in breast cancer. JAKSTAT 2014; 2:e23353. [PMID: 24058806 PMCID: PMC3710319 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.23353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-tumor function of STAT1 through its capacity to control the immune system and promote tumor immune surveillance has been well understood. However, little is known about cell autonomous (i.e., tumor cell-specific) functions of STAT1 in tumor formation. Recent studies have provided strong evidence that STAT1 suppresses mouse mammary gland tumorigenesis by both, immune regulatory and tumor cell-specific functions of STAT1. Specifically, STAT1 deficiency in the mouse mammary gland inhibits ErbB2/Neu-mediated tumorigenesis and contributes to spontaneous formation of estrogen receptor α (ER α)-positive as well as ER α-negative tumors closely resembling human disease. Herein, we review the anti-tumor functions of STAT1 revealed from investigations of murine breast cancer models and from characterization of the signaling properties of STAT1 in human breast tumor cells. The significance of STAT1 in breast cancer is underscored by studies proposing a prognostic value for the expression and/or phosphorylation of STAT1 for specific molecular types of breast cancer. Furthermore, STAT1 dependent transcription is proposed to contribute to therapeutic responses by modulating the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and the development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis E Koromilas
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre; Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital; Montreal, QC Canada ; Department of Oncology; Faculty of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
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17
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MALILAS WARAPORN, KOH SANGSEOK, KIM SEOKHO, SRISUTTEE RATAKORN, CHO ILRAE, MOON JEONG, YOO HWASEUNG, OH SANGTAEK, JOHNSTON RANDALN, CHUNG YOUNGHWA. Cancer upregulated gene 2, a novel oncogene, enhances migration and drug resistance of colon cancer cells via STAT1 activation. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1111-6. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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18
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Zhu M, Liu CC, Cheng C. REACTIN: regulatory activity inference of transcription factors underlying human diseases with application to breast cancer. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:504. [PMID: 23885756 PMCID: PMC3750236 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic alterations of transcription factors (TFs) have been implicated in the tumorigenesis of cancers. In many cancers, alteration of TFs results in aberrant activity of them without changing their gene expression level. Gene expression data from microarray or RNA-seq experiments can capture the expression change of genes, however, it is still challenge to reveal the activity change of TFs. RESULTS Here we propose a method, called REACTIN (REgulatory ACTivity INference), which integrates TF binding data with gene expression data to identify TFs with significantly differential activity between disease and normal samples. REACTIN successfully detect differential activity of estrogen receptor (ER) between ER+ and ER- samples in 10 breast cancer datasets. When applied to compare tumor and normal breast samples, it reveals TFs that are critical for carcinogenesis of breast cancer. Moreover, Reaction can be utilized to identify transcriptional programs that are predictive to patient survival time of breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS REACTIN provides a useful tool to investigate regulatory programs underlying a biological process providing the related case and control gene expression data. Considering the enormous amount of cancer gene expression data and the increasingly accumulating ChIP-seq data, we expect wide application of REACTIN for revealing the regulatory mechanisms of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Chun-Chi Liu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA
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19
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Ju H, Li X, Li H, Wang X, Wang H, Li Y, Dou C, Zhao G. Mediation of multiple pathways regulating cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in the human malignant glioma cell line U87MG via unphosphorylated STAT1. J Neurosurg 2013; 118:1239-47. [DOI: 10.3171/2013.3.jns122051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is thought to be a tumor suppressor protein. The authors investigated the expression and role of STAT1 in glioblastoma.
Methods
Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of STAT1 in glioblastoma and normal brain tissues. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect mRNA and protein expression levels of STAT1. Cell growth, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and the expression of related genes and proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, p21, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen) were examined in vitro via cell counting kit-8, wound-healing, flow cytometry, Rhodamine B, TUNEL, and Western blot assays.
Results
Human glioblastoma had decreased expression of STAT1 proteins. Transfection of the U87MG cells with STAT1 plasmid in vitro demonstrated significant inhibition of cell growth and an increase in apoptotic cell death compared with cells transfected with vector or mock plasmids. These effects were associated with the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and p21 and the downregulation of Bcl-2 expression.
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that increased expression of STAT1 by transfection with STAT1 plasmid synergistically inhibits human U87MG glioblastoma cell growth in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Ju
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Xin Li
- 2Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center and Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province
| | - Hong Li
- 3Departments of Oncology and
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- 4Medical College of Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- 5Neurosurgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; and
| | - Yang Li
- 2Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center and Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province
| | - Changwu Dou
- 5Neurosurgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; and
| | - Gang Zhao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University
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20
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Handy I, Patel RC. STAT1 requirement for PKR-induced cell cycle arrest in vascular smooth muscle cells in response to heparin. Gene 2013; 524:15-21. [PMID: 23597922 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines that exhibit antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties. PKR (protein kinase, RNA activated) is of central importance in mediating the antiproliferative actions of IFNs. Our research has established that PKR inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by regulating G1 to S transition. Many cardiovascular diseases result from complications of atherosclerosis, a chronic and progressive inflammatory condition often characterized by excessive proliferation of VSMC. Thus, an effective method for inhibiting VSMC proliferation is likely to arrest atherosclerosis and restenosis at early stages. Our research establishes that PKR activation in VSMC leads to a G1 arrest brought about by an inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) activity by p27(kip1). In quiescent VSMC, p27(kip1) levels are high and when stimulated by serum/growth factors, p27(kip1) levels drop by destabilization of the protein. Under conditions that lead to activation of PKR, there is a marked inhibition of p27(kip1) down-regulation due to increased stability of p27(kip1) protein. In order to understand the mechanism of heparin-induced stabilization of p27(kip1) in VSMC, we examined the involvement of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1 (STAT1), which is an important player in mediating antiproliferative effects of IFNs. Our results demonstrate that PKR overexpression in VSMC leads to an increase in p27(kip1) protein levels and this increase requires the catalytic activity of PKR. PKR activation induced by antiproliferative agent heparin leads to phosphorylation of STAT1 on serine 727, which is essential for the cell cycle block. STAT1 null VSMCs are largely defective in heparin-induced cell cycle arrest and in PKR null cells the STAT1 phosphorylation in response to heparin was absent. These results establish that heparin causes STAT1 phosphorylation on serine 727 via activation of PKR and that this event is required for the G1 arrest in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indhira Handy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208,USA
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21
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Chan SR, Vermi W, Luo J, Lucini L, Rickert C, Fowler AM, Lonardi S, Arthur C, Young LJT, Levy DE, Welch MJ, Cardiff RD, Schreiber RD. STAT1-deficient mice spontaneously develop estrogen receptor α-positive luminal mammary carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R16. [PMID: 22264274 PMCID: PMC3496133 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although breast cancers expressing estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and progesterone receptors (PR) are the most common form of mammary malignancy in humans, it has been difficult to develop a suitable mouse model showing similar steroid hormone responsiveness. STAT transcription factors play critical roles in mammary gland tumorigenesis, but the precise role of STAT1 remains unclear. Herein, we show that a subset of human breast cancers display reduced STAT1 expression and that mice lacking STAT1 surprisingly develop ERα+/PR+ mammary tumors. METHODS We used a combination of approaches, including histological examination, gene targeted mice, gene expression analysis, tumor transplantaion, and immunophenotyping, to pursue this study. RESULTS Forty-five percent (37/83) of human ERα+ and 22% (17/78) of ERα- breast cancers display undetectable or low levels of STAT1 expression in neoplastic cells. In contrast, STAT1 expression is elevated in epithelial cells of normal breast tissues adjacent to the malignant lesions, suggesting that STAT1 is selectively downregulated in the tumor cells during tumor progression. Interestingly, the expression levels of STAT1 in the tumor-infiltrating stromal cells remain elevated, indicating that single-cell resolution analysis of STAT1 level in primary breast cancer biopsies is necessary for accurate assessment. Female mice lacking functional STAT1 spontaneously develop mammary adenocarcinomas that comprise > 90% ERα+/PR+ tumor cells, and depend on estrogen for tumor engraftment and progression. Phenotypic marker analyses demonstrate that STAT1-/- mammary tumors arise from luminal epithelial cells, but not myoepithelial cells. In addition, the molecular signature of the STAT1-/- mammary tumors overlaps closely to that of human luminal breast cancers. Finally, introduction of wildtype STAT1, but not a STAT1 mutant lacking the critical Tyr701 residue, into STAT1-/- mammary tumor cells results in apoptosis, demonstrating that the tumor suppressor function of STAT1 is cell-autonomous and requires its transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that STAT1 suppresses mammary tumor formation and its expression is frequently lost during breast cancer progression. Spontaneous mammary tumors that develop in STAT1-/- mice closely recapitulate the progression, ovarian hormone responsiveness, and molecular characteristics of human luminal breast cancer, the most common subtype of human breast neoplasms, and thus represent a valuable platform for testing novel treatments and detection modalities.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Down-Regulation
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/deficiency
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Szeman Ruby Chan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia/Spedali Civilli di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Lucini
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia/Spedali Civilli di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Charles Rickert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amy M Fowler
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia/Spedali Civilli di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Cora Arthur
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Larry JT Young
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, County Road 98 and Hutchison Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David E Levy
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, MSB 548, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael J Welch
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, County Road 98 and Hutchison Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Robert D Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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22
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Papadakis AI, Paraskeva E, Peidis P, Muaddi H, Li S, Raptis L, Pantopoulos K, Simos G, Koromilas AE. eIF2α Kinase PKR Modulates the Hypoxic Response by Stat3-Dependent Transcriptional Suppression of HIF-1α. Cancer Res 2010; 70:7820-9. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Zhang L, Wang D, Jiang W, Edwards D, Qiu W, Barroilhet LM, Rho JH, Jin L, Seethappan V, Vitonis A, Wang J, Mok SC, Crum C, Cramer DW, Ye B. Activated networking of platelet activating factor receptor and FAK/STAT1 induces malignant potential in BRCA1-mutant at-risk ovarian epithelium. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:74. [PMID: 20576130 PMCID: PMC2903602 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is essential to understand the molecular basis of ovarian cancer etiology and tumor development to provide more effective preventive and therapeutic approaches to reduce mortality. Particularly, the molecular targets and pathways involved in early malignant transformation are still not clear. Pro-inflammatory lipids and pathways have been reported to play significant roles in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. The major objective of this study was to explore and determine whether platelet activating factor (PAF) and receptor associated networking pathways might significantly induce malignant potential in BRCA1-mutant at-risk epithelial cells. METHODS BRCA1-mutant ovarian epithelial cell lines including (HOSE-636, HOSE-642), BRCA1-mutant ovarian cancer cell (UWB1.289), wild type normal ovarian epithelial cell (HOSE-E6E7) and cancerous cell line (OVCA429), and the non-malignant BRCA1-mutant distal fallopian tube (fimbria) tissue specimens were used in this study. Mutation analysis, kinase microarray, western blot, immune staining, co-immune precipitation, cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation and bioinformatic pathway analysis were applied. RESULTS We found that PAF, as a potent pro-inflammatory mediator, induced significant anti-apoptotic effect in BRCA1-mutant ovarian surface epithelial cells, but not in wild type HOSE cells. With kinase microarray technology and the specific immune approaches, we found that phosphor-STAT1 was activated by 100 nM PAF treatment only in BRCA1-mutant associated at-risk ovarian epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cells, but not in BRCA1-wild type normal (HOSE-E6E7) or malignant (OVCA429) ovarian epithelial cells. Co-immune precipitation revealed that elevated PAFR expression is associated with protein-protein interactions of PAFR-FAK and FAK-STAT1 in BRCA1-mutant ovarian epithelial cells, but not in the wild-type control cells. CONCLUSION Previous studies showed that potent inflammatory lipid mediators such as PAF and its receptor (PAFR) significantly contribute to cancer progression and metastasis. Our findings suggest that these potent inflammatory lipids and receptor pathways are significantly involved in the early malignant transformation through PAFR-FAK-STAT1 networking and to block apoptosis pathway in BRCA1 dysfunctional at-risk ovarian epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Dale Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa M Barroilhet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jung-hyun Rho
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lianjin Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanitha Seethappan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Vitonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel C Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Crum
- Department Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Wang S, Raven JF, Koromilas AE. STAT1 represses Skp2 gene transcription to promote p27Kip1 stabilization in Ras-transformed cells. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:798-805. [PMID: 20407011 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is an F-box protein that serves as a subunit of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box ubiquitin protein ligase complex. Skp2 is overexpressed in many tumors and promotes tumor formation through its ability to induce the degradation of proteins with antiproliferative and tumor-suppressor functions, such as p27(Kip1). The signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a key regulator of the immune system through its capacity to act downstream of interferons. STAT1 exhibits tumor-suppressor properties by inhibiting oncogenic pathways and promoting tumor immunosurveillance. Previous work established the antitumor function of STAT1 in Ras-transformed cells through the induction of p27(Kip1) at the transcriptional level. Herein, we unveil a novel pathway used by STAT1 to upregulate p27(Kip1). Specifically, we show that STAT1 impedes Skp2 gene transcription by binding to Skp2 promoter DNA in vitro and in vivo. Decreased Skp2 expression by STAT1 is accompanied by the increased stability of p27(Kip1) in Ras-transformed cells. We further show that impaired expression of STAT1 in human colon cancer cells containing an activated form of K-Ras is associated with the upregulation of Skp2 and downregulation of p27(Kip1). Our study identifies Skp2 as a new target gene of STAT1 in Ras-transformed cells with profound implications in cell transformation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Room 508, 3999 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2.
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Datta B. Roles of P67/MetAP2 as a tumor suppressor. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2009; 1796:281-92. [PMID: 19716858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A precise balance between growth promoting signals and growth inhibitory signals plays important roles in the maintenance of healthy mammalian cells. Any deregulation of this critical balance converts normal cells into abnormal or cancerous cells. Several macromolecules are being identified and characterized that are involved in the regulation of cell signaling pathways that connect to the cell cycle and thus they play roles as tumor promoters or tumor suppressors. In situ tumor formation needs active angiogenesis, a process that generates new blood vessels from existing ones either by splitting or sprouting. Several small molecule inhibitors and proteins have been identified as inhibitors of angiogenesis. One such protein, p67/MetAP2 also known as methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2), has been shown to bind covalently to fumagillin and its derivatives that have anti-angiogenic activity. In addition to fumagillin or its derivatives, several other small molecule inhibitors of p67/MetAP2 have been recently identified and some of these drugs are in phase III trials for cancer therapy. Although molecular details of actions toward tumor suppression by these drugs are largely unknown, a significant progress has been made to understand the structure-function relationship of p67/MetAP2 and its roles in the maintenance of the levels of phosphorylation of the proportional, variant-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2 proportional, variant) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). In this article, roles of p67/MetAP2 in the suppression of cancer development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bansidhar Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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26
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van Tiel CM, Bonta PI, Rittersma SZH, Beijk MAM, Bradley EJ, Klous AM, Koch KT, Baas F, Jukema JW, Pons D, Sampietro ML, Pannekoek H, de Winter RJ, de Vries CJM. p27kip1-838C>A single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with restenosis risk after coronary stenting and modulates p27kip1 promoter activity. Circulation 2009; 120:669-76. [PMID: 19667240 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.842179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) is a key regulator of smooth muscle cell and leukocyte proliferation in vascular disease, including in-stent restenosis. We therefore hypothesized that common genetic variations or single nucleotide polymorphisms in p27(kip1) may serve as a useful tool in risk stratification for in-stent restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Three single nucleotide polymorphisms concerning the p27(kip1) gene (-838C>A, rs36228499; -79C>T, rs34330; +326G>T, rs2066827) were determined in a cohort of 715 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty and stent placement. We discovered that the p27(kip1)-838C>A single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with clinical in-stent restenosis; the -838AA genotype decreases the risk of target vessel revascularization (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.10 to 0.77). This finding was replicated in another cohort study of 2309 patients (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.93). No association was detected between this end point and the p27(kip1)-79C>T and +326G>T single nucleotide polymorphisms. We subsequently studied the functional importance of the -838C>A single nucleotide polymorphism and detected a 20-fold increased basal p27(kip1) transcriptional activity of the -838A allele containing promoter. CONCLUSIONS Patients with the p27(kip1)-838AA genotype have a decreased risk of in-stent restenosis corresponding with enhanced promoter activity of the -838A allele of this cell-cycle inhibitor, which may explain decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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