1
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Ibneeva L, Singh SP, Sinha A, Eski SE, Wehner R, Rupp L, Kovtun I, Pérez-Valencia JA, Gerbaulet A, Reinhardt S, Wobus M, von Bonin M, Sancho J, Lund F, Dahl A, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M, Chavakis T, Wielockx B, Grinenko T. CD38 promotes hematopoietic stem cell dormancy. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002517. [PMID: 38422172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation of deeply quiescent, so-called dormant hematopoietic stem cells (dHSCs) resides at the top of the hematopoietic hierarchy and serves as a reserve pool for HSCs. The state of dormancy protects the HSC pool from exhaustion throughout life; however, excessive dormancy may prevent an efficient response to hematological stresses. Despite the significance of dHSCs, the mechanisms maintaining their dormancy remain elusive. Here, we identify CD38 as a novel and broadly applicable surface marker for the enrichment of murine dHSCs. We demonstrate that cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR), the product of CD38 cyclase activity, regulates the expression of the transcription factor c-Fos by increasing the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Subsequently, we uncover that c-Fos induces the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p57Kip2 to drive HSC dormancy. Moreover, we found that CD38 ecto-enzymatic activity at the neighboring CD38-positive cells can promote human HSC quiescence. Together, CD38/cADPR/Ca2+/c-Fos/p57Kip2 axis maintains HSC dormancy. Pharmacological manipulations of this pathway can provide new strategies to improve the success of stem cell transplantation and blood regeneration after injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Ibneeva
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Anupam Sinha
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sema Elif Eski
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luise Rupp
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iryna Kovtun
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juan Alberto Pérez-Valencia
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerbaulet
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Reinhardt
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Wobus
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte von Bonin
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jaime Sancho
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra" CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Frances Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Andreas Dahl
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatyana Grinenko
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Luis TC, Barkas N, Carrelha J, Giustacchini A, Mazzi S, Norfo R, Wu B, Aliouat A, Guerrero JA, Rodriguez-Meira A, Bouriez-Jones T, Macaulay IC, Jasztal M, Zhu G, Ni H, Robson MJ, Blakely RD, Mead AJ, Nerlov C, Ghevaert C, Jacobsen SEW. Perivascular niche cells sense thrombocytopenia and activate hematopoietic stem cells in an IL-1 dependent manner. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6062. [PMID: 37770432 PMCID: PMC10539537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in specialized niches in the bone marrow are responsible for the balanced output of multiple short-lived blood cell lineages in steady-state and in response to different challenges. However, feedback mechanisms by which HSCs, through their niches, sense acute losses of specific blood cell lineages remain to be established. While all HSCs replenish platelets, previous studies have shown that a large fraction of HSCs are molecularly primed for the megakaryocyte-platelet lineage and are rapidly recruited into proliferation upon platelet depletion. Platelets normally turnover in an activation-dependent manner, herein mimicked by antibodies inducing platelet activation and depletion. Antibody-mediated platelet activation upregulates expression of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) in platelets, and in bone marrow extracellular fluid in vivo. Genetic experiments demonstrate that rather than IL-1 directly activating HSCs, activation of bone marrow Lepr+ perivascular niche cells expressing IL-1 receptor is critical for the optimal activation of quiescent HSCs upon platelet activation and depletion. These findings identify a feedback mechanism by which activation-induced depletion of a mature blood cell lineage leads to a niche-dependent activation of HSCs to reinstate its homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago C Luis
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK.
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, London, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Nikolaos Barkas
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Joana Carrelha
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Alice Giustacchini
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Mazzi
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruggiero Norfo
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Bishan Wu
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Affaf Aliouat
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Jose A Guerrero
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Meira
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiphaine Bouriez-Jones
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Iain C Macaulay
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UZ, Norwich, UK
| | - Maria Jasztal
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guangheng Zhu
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- CCOA Therapeutics Inc, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- CCOA Therapeutics Inc, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Matthew J Robson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Adam J Mead
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, UK.
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Zeng X, Li X, Li X, Wei C, Shi C, Hu K, Kong D, Luo Q, Xu Y, Shan W, Zhang M, Shi J, Feng J, Han Y, Huang H, Qian P. Fecal microbiota transplantation from young mice rejuvenates aged hematopoietic stem cells by suppressing inflammation. Blood 2023; 141:1691-1707. [PMID: 36638348 PMCID: PMC10646769 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging is accompanied by hematopoietic reconstitution dysfunction, including loss of regenerative and engraftment ability, myeloid differentiation bias, and elevated risks of hematopoietic malignancies. Gut microbiota, a key regulator of host health and immunity, has recently been reported to affect hematopoiesis. However, there is currently limited empirical evidence explaining the direct impact of gut microbiome on aging hematopoiesis. In this study, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from young mice to aged mice and observed a significant increment in lymphoid differentiation and decrease in myeloid differentiation in aged recipient mice. Furthermore, FMT from young mice rejuvenated aged HSCs with enhanced short-term and long-term hematopoietic repopulation capacity. Mechanistically, single-cell RNA sequencing deciphered that FMT from young mice mitigated inflammatory signals, upregulated the FoxO signaling pathway, and promoted lymphoid differentiation of HSCs during aging. Finally, integrated microbiome and metabolome analyses uncovered that FMT reshaped gut microbiota composition and metabolite landscape, and Lachnospiraceae and tryptophan-associated metabolites promoted the recovery of hematopoiesis and rejuvenated aged HSCs. Together, our study highlights the paramount importance of the gut microbiota in HSC aging and provides insights into therapeutic strategies for aging-related hematologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Zeng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejia Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Delin Kong
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Shi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingli Han
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Patterson AM, Vemula S, Plett PA, Sampson CH, Chua HL, Fisher A, Wu T, Sellamuthu R, Feng H, Katz BP, DesRosiers CM, Pelus LM, Cox GN, MacVittie TJ, Orschell CM. Age and Sex Divergence in Hematopoietic Radiosensitivity in Aged Mouse Models of the Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome. Radiat Res 2022; 198:221-242. [PMID: 35834823 PMCID: PMC9512046 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00071.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is highly sensitive to stress from both aging and radiation exposure, and the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) should be modeled in the geriatric context separately from young for development of age-appropriate medical countermeasures (MCMs). Here we developed aging murine H-ARS models, defining radiation dose response relationships (DRRs) in 12-month-old middle-aged and 24-month-old geriatric male and female C57BL/6J mice, and characterized diverse factors affecting geriatric MCM testing. Groups of approximately 20 mice were exposed to ∼10 different doses of radiation to establish radiation DRRs for estimation of the LD50/30. Radioresistance increased with age and diverged dramatically between sexes. The LD50/30 in young adult mice averaged 853 cGy and was similar between sexes, but increased in middle age to 1,005 cGy in males and 920 cGy in females, with further sex divergence in geriatric mice to 1,008 cGy in males but 842 cGy in females. Correspondingly, neutrophils, platelets, and functional hematopoietic progenitor cells were all increased with age and rebounded faster after irradiation. These effects were higher in aged males, and neutrophil dysfunction was observed in aged females. Upstream of blood production, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) markers associated with age and myeloid bias (CD61 and CD150) were higher in geriatric males vs. females, and sex-divergent gene signatures were found in HSCs relating to cholesterol metabolism, interferon signaling, and GIMAP family members. Fluid intake per gram body weight decreased with age in males, and decreased after irradiation in all mice. Geriatric mice of substrain C57BL/6JN sourced from the National Institute on Aging were significantly more radiosensitive than C57BL/6J mice from Jackson Labs aged at our institution, indicating mouse source and substrain should be considered in geriatric radiation studies. This work highlights the importance of sex, vendor, and other considerations in studies relating to hematopoiesis and aging, identifies novel sex-specific functional and molecular changes in aging hematopoietic cells at steady state and after irradiation, and presents well-characterized aging mouse models poised for MCM efficacy testing for treatment of acute radiation effects in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Patterson
- Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sasidhar Vemula
- Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - P. Artur Plett
- Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Carol H. Sampson
- Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hui Lin Chua
- Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alexa Fisher
- Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rajendran Sellamuthu
- Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hailin Feng
- Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Barry P. Katz
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Colleen M. DesRosiers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Louis M. Pelus
- Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | - Christie M. Orschell
- Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
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5
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Zeng X, Li X, Shao M, Xu Y, Shan W, Wei C, Li X, Wang L, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Qian P, Huang H. Integrated Single-Cell Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Intrinsic and Extrinsic Biological Characteristics of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging. Front Genet 2021; 12:745786. [PMID: 34737765 PMCID: PMC8560737 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.745786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, which is accompanied by loss of self-renewal capacity, myeloid-biased differentiation and increased risks of hematopoietic malignancies, is an important focus in stem cell research. However, the mechanisms underlying HSC aging have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we integrated 3 independent single-cell transcriptome datasets of HSCs together and identified Stat3 and Ifngr1 as two markers of apoptosis-biased and inflammatory aged HSCs. Besides, common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between young and aged HSCs were identified and further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were predominantly involved in the cell cycle and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. We further found that the Skp2-induced signaling pathway (Skp2→Cip1→CycA/CDK2→DP-1) contributed to a rapid transition through G1 phase in aged HSCs. In addition, analysis of the extrinsic alterations on HSC aging revealed the increased expression levels of inflammatory genes in bone marrow microenvironment. Colony formation unit assays showed that inflammatory cytokines promoted cellular senescence and that blockade of inflammatory pathway markedly rejuvenated aged HSC functions and increased B cell output. Collectively, our study elucidated the biological characteristics of HSC aging, and the genes and pathways we identified could be potential biomarkers and targets for the identification and rejuvenation of aged HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Zeng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mi Shao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Limengmeng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.,Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Gaudette BT, Roman CJ, Ochoa TA, Gómez Atria D, Jones DD, Siebel CW, Maillard I, Allman D. Resting innate-like B cells leverage sustained Notch2/mTORC1 signaling to achieve rapid and mitosis-independent plasma cell differentiation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e151975. [PMID: 34473651 DOI: 10.1172/jci151975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how cells regulate and integrate distinct biosynthetic pathways governing differentiation and cell division. For B lineage cells it is widely accepted that activated cells must complete several rounds of mitosis before yielding antibody-secreting plasma cells. However, we report that marginal zone (MZ) B cells, innate-like naive B cells known to generate plasma cells rapidly in response to blood-borne bacteria, generate functional plasma cells despite cell-cycle arrest. Further, short-term Notch2 blockade in vivo reversed division-independent differentiation potential and decreased transcript abundance for numerous mTORC1- and Myc-regulated genes. Myc loss compromised plasma cell differentiation for MZ B cells, and reciprocally induced ectopic mTORC1 signaling in follicular B cells enabled division-independent differentiation and plasma cell-affiliated gene expression. We conclude that ongoing in situ Notch2/mTORC1 signaling in MZ B cells establishes a unique cellular state that enables rapid division-independent plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carly J Roman
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Trini A Ochoa
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Daniela Gómez Atria
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Derek D Jones
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Allman
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
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7
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Arai F, Stumpf PS, Ikushima YM, Hosokawa K, Roch A, Lutolf MP, Suda T, MacArthur BD. Machine Learning of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Divisions from Paired Daughter Cell Expression Profiles Reveals Effects of Aging on Self-Renewal. Cell Syst 2020; 11:640-652.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Abstract
Modern single cell experiments have revealed unexpected heterogeneity in apparently functionally 'pure' cell populations. However, we are still lacking a conceptual framework to understand this heterogeneity. Here, we propose that cellular memories-changes in the molecular status of a cell in response to a stimulus, that modify the ability of the cell to respond to future stimuli-are an essential ingredient in any such theory. We illustrate this idea by considering a simple age-structured model of stem cell proliferation that takes account of mitotic memories. Using this model we argue that asynchronous mitosis generates heterogeneity that is central to stem cell population function. This model naturally explains why stem cell numbers increase through life, yet regenerative potency simultaneously declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Stumpf
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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9
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Cho HJ, Lee J, Yoon SR, Lee HG, Jung H. Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate and Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134780. [PMID: 32640596 PMCID: PMC7369689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decision, whether they keep quiescence, self-renew, or differentiate into blood lineage cells, is critical for maintaining the immune system throughout one’s lifetime. As HSCs are exposed to age-related stress, they gradually lose their self-renewal and regenerative capacity. Recently, many reports have implicated signaling pathways in the regulation of HSC fate determination and malignancies under aging stress or pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of signaling pathways that regulate HSC fate including quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation during aging, and additionally introduce pharmacological approaches to rescue defects of HSC fate determination or hematopoietic malignancies by kinase signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jun Cho
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.C.); (S.R.Y.)
| | - Jungwoon Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.C.); (S.R.Y.)
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.C.); (S.R.Y.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.G.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.C.); (S.R.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.G.L.); (H.J.)
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10
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Li X, Zeng X, Xu Y, Wang B, Zhao Y, Lai X, Qian P, Huang H. Mechanisms and rejuvenation strategies for aged hematopoietic stem cells. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:31. [PMID: 32252797 PMCID: PMC7137344 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, which is accompanied by reduced self-renewal ability, impaired homing, myeloid-biased differentiation, and other defects in hematopoietic reconstitution function, is a hot topic in stem cell research. Although the number of HSCs increases with age in both mice and humans, the increase cannot compensate for the defects of aged HSCs. Many studies have been performed from various perspectives to illustrate the potential mechanisms of HSC aging; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear, blocking further exploration of aged HSC rejuvenation. To determine how aged HSC defects occur, we provide an overview of differences in the hallmarks, signaling pathways, and epigenetics of young and aged HSCs as well as of the bone marrow niche wherein HSCs reside. Notably, we summarize the very recent studies which dissect HSC aging at the single-cell level. Furthermore, we review the promising strategies for rejuvenating aged HSC functions. Considering that the incidence of many hematological malignancies is strongly associated with age, our HSC aging review delineates the association between functional changes and molecular mechanisms and may have significant clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Lai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Nolte MA, Goedhart M, Geginat J. Maintenance of memory CD8 T cells: Divided over division. Eur J Immunol 2019; 47:1875-1879. [PMID: 29114880 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Once generated during an infection, memory CD8+ T cells can provide long-lasting protection against reinfection with an intracellular pathogen, but the longevity of this defense depends on the ability of these pathogen-specific memory cells to be maintained. It is generally believed that the bone marrow plays an important role in this respect, where memory CD8 T cells receive reinvigorating signals from cytokines that induce homeostatic proliferation. However, in the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Siracusa et al. (Eur. J. Immunol. 2017. 47: 1900-1905) argue against this dogma, as they provide evidence that CD8 memory T cells in murine bone marrow are not proliferating, but largely quiescent, which protects them from elimination by the cytostatic drug Cyclophosphamide. Interestingly, this is in sharp contrast to the proliferating cell counterparts in the spleen, which are eliminated by this treatment. Here, we will discuss the impact of these results, how they relate to opposing findings by others in the field, and what the relevance of these findings is for humans and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn A Nolte
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke Goedhart
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jens Geginat
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
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12
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Desai A, Zhang Y, Park Y, Dawson DM, Larusch GA, Kasturi L, Wald D, Ready JM, Gerson SL, Markowitz SD. A second-generation 15-PGDH inhibitor promotes bone marrow transplant recovery independently of age, transplant dose and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support. Haematologica 2018; 103:1054-1064. [PMID: 29472361 PMCID: PMC6058768 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.178376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following myeloablative chemotherapy is a curative treatment for many hematopoietic malignancies. However, profound granulocytopenia during the interval between transplantation and marrow recovery exposes recipients to risks of fatal infection, a significant source of transplant-associated morbidity and mortality. We have previously described the discovery of a small molecule, SW033291, that potently inhibits the prostaglandin degrading enzyme 15-PGDH, increases bone marrow prostaglandin E2, and accelerates hematopoietic recovery following murine transplant. Here we describe the efficacy of (+)-SW209415, a second-generation 15-PGDH inhibitor, in an expanded range of models relevant to human transplantation. (+)-SW209415 is 10,000-fold more soluble, providing the potential for intravenous delivery, while maintaining potency in inhibiting 15-PGDH, increasing in vivo prostaglandin E2, and accelerating hematopoietic regeneration following transplantation. In additional models, (+)-SW209415: (i) demonstrated synergy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, the current standard of care; (ii) maintained efficacy as transplant cell dose was escalated; (iii) maintained efficacy when transplant donors and recipients were aged; and (iv) potentiated homing in xenotransplants using human hematopoietic stem cells. (+)-SW209415 showed no adverse effects, no potentiation of in vivo growth of human myeloma and leukemia xenografts, and, on chronic high-dose administration, no toxicity as assessed by weight, blood counts and serum chemistry. These studies provide independent chemical confirmation of the activity of 15-PGDH inhibitors in potentiating hematopoietic recovery, extend the range of models in which inhibiting 15-PGDH demonstrates activity, allay concerns regarding potential for adverse effects from increasing prostaglandin E2, and thereby, advance 15-PGDH as a therapeutic target for potentiating hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Desai
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yongyou Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Youngsoo Park
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawn M Dawson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gretchen A Larusch
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lakshmi Kasturi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Wald
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stanton L Gerson
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sanford D Markowitz
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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13
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An efficient protocol for in vivo labeling of proliferating epithelial cells. J Immunol Methods 2018; 457:82-86. [PMID: 29605230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The study of organogenesis, tissue-homeostasis and regeneration requires the precise assessment of in vivo cell proliferation. To this end a host of methods have been developed to detect and quantify DNA synthesis in proliferating cells. These include cell labeling with various nucleotide analogues and fluorescence reporter-based animal models with each method presenting its idiosyncratic shortcomings. Quantitative assessment of epithelial cell turnover has been partly hampered due to their variable and limited in vivo accessibility and the requirement for harsher isolation procedures to procure single cells for FACS analysis. Here, we report a reliable protocol to study in vivo cell proliferation of epithelial cells in mice by repeatedly injecting EdU intravenously for an extended 12-day period. EdU incorporation was quantitated ex vivo by FACS after tissue dissociation in order to obtain single epithelial cell suspensions. As a lead population, we analyzed thymic epithelial cells (TECs), where we were able to label compartmentalized TEC subsets to saturation without apparent toxic effects on the thymus architecture or stress-sensitive TEC lineage differentiation. The data is in concordance with the prevailing model of medullary TEC terminal differentiation that includes the post-Aire stage. The same protocol was successfully applied to epithelial cells of various other organs - skin, lymph node, kidney and small intestine - tissues with widely varying frequencies and rates of proliferating epithelial cells.
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14
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Säwén P, Lang S, Mandal P, Rossi DJ, Soneji S, Bryder D. Mitotic History Reveals Distinct Stem Cell Populations and Their Contributions to Hematopoiesis. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2809-18. [PMID: 26997272 PMCID: PMC4819906 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of short-lived blood cells is dependent on rapid proliferation of immature precursors. Using a conditional histone 2B-mCherry-labeling mouse model, we characterize hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and progenitor proliferation dynamics in steady state and following several types of induced stress. HSC proliferation following HSC transplantation into lethally irradiated mice is fundamentally different not only from native hematopoiesis but also from other stress contexts. Whereas transplantation promoted sustained, long-term proliferation of HSCs, both cytokine-induced mobilization and acute depletion of selected blood cell lineages elicited very limited recruitment of HSCs to the proliferative pool. By coupling mCherry-based analysis of proliferation history with multiplex gene expression analyses on single cells, we have found that HSCs can be stratified into four distinct subtypes. These subtypes have distinct molecular signatures and differ significantly in their reconstitution potentials, showcasing the power of tracking proliferation history when resolving functional heterogeneity of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Säwén
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, BMC B12, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Lang
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, BMC B12, 22184 Lund, Sweden; StemTherapy, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pankaj Mandal
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02116, USA
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02116, USA
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, BMC B12, 22184 Lund, Sweden; StemTherapy, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, BMC B12, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Hemato-Linné, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; StemTherapy, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
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15
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Grover A, Sanjuan-Pla A, Thongjuea S, Carrelha J, Giustacchini A, Gambardella A, Macaulay I, Mancini E, Luis TC, Mead A, Jacobsen SEW, Nerlov C. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals molecular and functional platelet bias of aged haematopoietic stem cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11075. [PMID: 27009448 PMCID: PMC4820843 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate more myeloid cells and fewer lymphoid cells compared with young HSCs, contributing to decreased adaptive immunity in aged individuals. However, it is not known how intrinsic changes to HSCs and shifts in the balance between biased HSC subsets each contribute to the altered lineage output. Here, by analysing HSC transcriptomes and HSC function at the single-cell level, we identify increased molecular platelet priming and functional platelet bias as the predominant age-dependent change to HSCs, including a significant increase in a previously unrecognized class of HSCs that exclusively produce platelets. Depletion of HSC platelet programming through loss of the FOG-1 transcription factor is accompanied by increased lymphoid output. Therefore, increased platelet bias may contribute to the age-associated decrease in lymphopoiesis. With age, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) produce more myeloid than lymphoid cells, affecting adaptive immunity. By combining HSC single cell transcriptomics with functional studies, Grover et al. find that platelet production is also increased in old murine HSCs and show that the FOG-1 transcription factor contributes to the age-dependent platelet bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Grover
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alejandra Sanjuan-Pla
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Supat Thongjuea
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Joana Carrelha
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Haemopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Alice Giustacchini
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Haemopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Adriana Gambardella
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.,EMBL Mouse Biology Program, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Iain Macaulay
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Haemopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Elena Mancini
- EMBL Mouse Biology Program, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Tiago C Luis
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Haemopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Adam Mead
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Haemopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Haemopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.,EMBL Mouse Biology Program, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
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16
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Menner AJ, Rauch KS, Aichele P, Pircher H, Schachtrup C, Schachtrup K. Id3 Controls Cell Death of 2B4+ Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Chronic Viral Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2103-14. [PMID: 26232435 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sustained Ag persistence in chronic infection results in a deregulated CD8(+) T cell response that is characterized by T cell exhaustion and cell death of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells. Yet, the underlying transcriptional mechanisms regulating CD8(+) T cell exhaustion and cell death are poorly defined. Using the experimental mouse model of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, we demonstrate that the transcriptional regulator Id3 controls cell death of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells in chronic infection. By comparing acute and chronic infection, we showed that Id3 (-) virus-specific CD8(+) T cells were less abundant, whereas the absolute numbers of Id3 (+) virus-specific CD8(+) T cells were equal in chronic and acute infection. Phenotypically, Id3 (-) and Id3 (+) cells most prominently differed with regard to expression of the surface receptor 2B4; although Id3 (-) cells were 2B4(+), almost all Id3 (+) cells lacked expression of 2B4. Lineage-tracing experiments showed that cells initially expressing Id3 differentiated into Id3 (-)2B4(+) cells; in turn, these cells were terminally differentiated and highly susceptible to cell death under conditions of persisting Ag. Enforced Id3 expression specifically increased the persistence of 2B4(+) virus-specific CD8(+) T cells by decreasing susceptibility to Fas/Fas ligand-mediated cell death. Thus, our findings reveal that the transcriptional regulator Id3 promotes the survival of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells in chronic infection and suggest that targeting Id3 might be beneficial for preventing cell death of CD8(+) T cells in chronic infection or for promoting cell death of uncontrolled, hyperactive CD8(+) T cells to prevent immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Menner
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center and University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina S Rauch
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center and University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Aichele
- Center for Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center and University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Center for Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center and University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Schachtrup
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center and University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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17
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Wong JC, Weinfurtner KM, Alzamora MDP, Kogan SC, Burgess MR, Zhang Y, Nakitandwe J, Ma J, Cheng J, Chen SC, Ho TT, Flach J, Reynaud D, Passegué E, Downing JR, Shannon K. Functional evidence implicating chromosome 7q22 haploinsufficiency in myelodysplastic syndrome pathogenesis. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26193121 PMCID: PMC4569895 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 7 deletions are highly prevalent in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and likely contribute to aberrant growth through haploinsufficiency. We generated mice with a heterozygous germ line deletion of a 2-Mb interval of chromosome band 5A3 syntenic to a commonly deleted segment of human 7q22 and show that mutant hematopoietic cells exhibit cardinal features of MDS. Specifically, the long-term hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment is expanded in 5A3(+/del) mice, and the distribution of myeloid progenitors is altered. 5A3(+/del) HSCs are defective for lymphoid repopulating potential and show a myeloid lineage output bias. These cell autonomous abnormalities are exacerbated by physiologic aging and upon serial transplantation. The 5A3 deletion partially rescues defective repopulation in Gata2 mutant mice. 5A3(+/del) hematopoietic cells exhibit decreased expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, and perturbed oxygen consumption. These studies provide the first functional data linking 7q22 deletions to MDS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine C Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kelley M Weinfurtner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Scott C Kogan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michael R Burgess
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Unit of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Transgenic Animal Models, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Joy Nakitandwe
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Shann-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Theodore T Ho
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Johanna Flach
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Damien Reynaud
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - James R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Kevin Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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18
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Cao Y, Zhang A, Cai J, Yuan N, Lin W, Liu S, Xu F, Song L, Li X, Fang Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhao W, Hu S, Zhang S, Wang J. Autophagy regulates the cell cycle of murine HSPCs in a nutrient-dependent manner. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:229-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Sercan Alp Ö, Durlanik S, Schulz D, McGrath M, Grün JR, Bardua M, Ikuta K, Sgouroudis E, Riedel R, Zehentmeier S, Hauser AE, Tsuneto M, Melchers F, Tokoyoda K, Chang HD, Thiel A, Radbruch A. Memory CD8(+) T cells colocalize with IL-7(+) stromal cells in bone marrow and rest in terms of proliferation and transcription. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:975-87. [PMID: 25639669 PMCID: PMC4415462 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that memory CD8+ T cells are maintained in secondary lymphoid tissues, peripheral tissues, and BM by homeostatic proliferation. Their survival has been shown to be dependent on IL-7, but it is unclear where they acquire it. Here we show that in murine BM, memory CD8+ T cells individually colocalize with IL-7+ reticular stromal cells. The T cells are resting in terms of global transcription and do not express markers of activation, for example, 4-1BB (CD137), IL-2, or IFN-γ, despite the expression of CD69 on about 30% of the cells. Ninety-five percent of the memory CD8+ T cells in BM are in G0 phase of cell cycle and do not express Ki-67. Less than 1% is in S/M/G2 of cell cycle, according to propidium iodide staining. While previous publications have estimated the extent of proliferation of CD8+ memory T cells on the basis of BrdU incorporation, we show here that BrdU itself induces proliferation of CD8+ memory T cells. Taken together, the present results suggest that CD8+ memory T cells are maintained as resting cells in the BM in dedicated niches with their survival conditional on IL-7 receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özen Sercan Alp
- Department of Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Nakamura-Ishizu A, Takizawa H, Suda T. The analysis, roles and regulation of quiescence in hematopoietic stem cells. Development 2015; 141:4656-66. [PMID: 25468935 DOI: 10.1242/dev.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis requires the presence of multipotent adult stem cells that are capable of efficient self-renewal and differentiation; some of these have been shown to exist in a dormant, or quiescent, cell cycle state. Such quiescence has been proposed as a fundamental property of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the adult bone marrow, acting to protect HSCs from functional exhaustion and cellular insults to enable lifelong hematopoietic cell production. Recent studies have demonstrated that HSC quiescence is regulated by a complex network of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors. In addition, detailed single-cell analyses and novel imaging techniques have identified functional heterogeneity within quiescent HSC populations and have begun to delineate the topological organization of quiescent HSCs. Here, we review the current methods available to measure quiescence in HSCs and discuss the roles of HSC quiescence and the various mechanisms by which HSC quiescence is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, 117599 Singapore
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Toshio Suda
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, 117599 Singapore
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21
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Povinelli BJ, Nemeth MJ. Wnt5a regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and repopulation through the Ryk receptor. Stem Cells 2014; 32:105-15. [PMID: 23939973 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper regulation of the balance between hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation is necessary to maintain hematopoiesis throughout life. The Wnt family of ligands has been implicated as critical regulators of these processes through a network of signaling pathways. Previously, we have demonstrated that the Wnt5a ligand can induce HSC quiescence through a noncanonical Wnt pathway, resulting in an increased ability to reconstitute hematopoiesis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the Ryk protein, a Wnt ligand receptor that can bind the Wnt5a ligand, regulated the response of HSCs to Wnt5a. We observed that inhibiting Ryk blocked the ability of Wnt5a to induce HSC quiescence and enhance short-term and long-term hematopoietic repopulation. We found that Wnt5a suppressed production of reactive oxygen species, a known inducer of HSC proliferation. The ability of Wnt5a to inhibit ROS production was also regulated by Ryk. From these data, we propose that Wnt5a regulates HSC quiescence and hematopoietic repopulation through the Ryk receptor and that this process is mediated by suppression of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Povinelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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22
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Desai A, Qing Y, Gerson SL. Exonuclease 1 is a critical mediator of survival during DNA double strand break repair in nonquiescent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:582-93. [PMID: 24420907 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations require DNA repair pathways to maintain their long-term survival and reconstitution capabilities, but mediators of these processes are still being elucidated. Exonuclease 1 (Exo1) participates in homologous recombination (HR) and Exo1 loss results in impaired 5' HR end resection. We use cultured Exo1(mut) fibroblasts and bone marrow to demonstrate that loss of Exo1 function results in defective HR in cycling cells. Conversely, in Exo1(mut) mice HR is not required for maintenance of quiescent HSCs at steady state, confirming the steady state HSC reliance on nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Exo1(mut) mice sustained serial repopulation, displayed no defect in competitive repopulation or niche occupancy, and exhibited no increased sensitivity to whole body ionizing radiation. However, when Exo1(mut) HSCs were pushed into cell cycle in vivo with 5-fluorouracil or poly IC, the hematopoietic population became hypersensitive to IR, resulting in HSC defects and animal death. We propose Exo1-mediated HR is dispensable for stem cell function in quiescent HSC, whereas it is essential to HSC response to DNA damage processing after cell cycle entry, and its loss is not compensated by intact NHEJ. In HSCs, the maintenance of stem cell function after DNA damage is dependent on the DNA repair capacity, segregated by active versus quiescent points in cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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23
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have become the most extensively studied stem cells and HSC-based cellular therapy is promising for hematopoietic cancers and hereditary blood disorders. Successful treatment of patients with HSC cells depends on sufficient number of highly purified HSCs and progenitor cells. However, stem cells are a very rare population no matter where they come from. Thus, ex vivo amplification of these HSCs is essential. The heavy demands from more and more patients for HSCs also require industrial-scale expansion of HSCs with lower production cost and higher efficiency. Two main ways to reach that goal: (1) to find clinically applicable, simple and efficient methods (or reagents) to enrich HSCs; (2) to find new developmental regulators and chemical compounds in order to replace the currently used cytokine cocktails for HSCs amplification. In this Editorial review, we would like to introduce the current status of ex vivo expansion of HSCs, particularly focusing on enrichment and culture supplements.
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24
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Divisional history and hematopoietic stem cell function during homeostasis. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:473-90. [PMID: 24749072 PMCID: PMC3986626 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the homeostatic behavior of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) temporally defined according to their divisional histories using an HSPC-specific GFP label-retaining system. We show that homeostatic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) lose repopulating potential after limited cell divisions. Once HSCs exit dormancy and accrue divisions, they also progressively lose the ability to return to G0 and functional activities associated with quiescent HSCs. In addition, dormant HSPCs phenotypically defined as multipotent progenitor cells display robust stem cell activity upon transplantation, suggesting that temporal quiescence is a greater indicator of function than cell-surface phenotype. Our studies suggest that once homeostatic HSCs leave dormancy, they are slated for extinction. They self-renew phenotypically, but they lose self-renewal activity. As such, they question self-renewal as a characteristic of homeostatic, nonperturbed HSCs in contrast to self-renewal demonstrated under stress conditions. Homeostatic HSCs progressively lose self-renewal ability with cell division G0 homeostatic HSCs lose functional ability in relation to their divisional history Temporally defined quiescence reflects HSC functional abilities better than phenotype Once dormant HSCs are activated without stress, they lose self-renewal activity
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25
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Developing a Systems-Based Understanding of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Cycle Control. A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH TO BLOOD 2014; 844:189-200. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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26
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Kozar S, Morrissey E, Nicholson AM, van der Heijden M, Zecchini HI, Kemp R, Tavaré S, Vermeulen L, Winton DJ. Continuous clonal labeling reveals small numbers of functional stem cells in intestinal crypts and adenomas. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 13:626-33. [PMID: 24035355 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lineage-tracing approaches, widely used to characterize stem cell populations, rely on the specificity and stability of individual markers for accurate results. We present a method in which genetic labeling in the intestinal epithelium is acquired as a mutation-induced clonal mark during DNA replication. By determining the rate of mutation in vivo and combining this data with the known neutral-drift dynamics that describe intestinal stem cell replacement, we quantify the number of functional stem cells in crypts and adenomas. Contrary to previous reports, we find that significantly lower numbers of "working" stem cells are present in the intestinal epithelium (five to seven per crypt) and in adenomas (nine per gland), and that those stem cells are also replaced at a significantly lower rate. These findings suggest that the bulk of tumor stem cell divisions serve only to replace stem cell loss, with rare clonal victors driving gland repopulation and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kozar
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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27
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Norddahl GL, Wahlestedt M, Gisler S, Sigvardsson M, Bryder D. Reduced repression of cytokine signaling ameliorates age-induced decline in hematopoietic stem cell function. Aging Cell 2012; 11:1128-31. [PMID: 22809070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging causes profound effects on the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool, including an altered output of mature progeny and enhanced self-propagation of repopulating-defective HSCs. An important outstanding question is whether HSCs can be protected from aging. The signal adaptor protein LNK negatively regulates hematopoiesis at several cellular stages. It has remained unclear how the enhanced sensitivity to cytokine signaling caused by LNK deficiency affects hematopoiesis upon aging. Our findings demonstrate that aged LNK-/- HSCs displayed a robust overall reconstitution potential and gave rise to a hematopoietic system with a balanced lineage distribution. Although aged LNK-/- HSCs displayed a distinct molecular profile in which reduced proliferation was central, little or no difference in the proliferation of aged LNK-/- HSCs was observed after transplantation when compared to aged WT HSCs. This coincided with equal telomere maintenance in WT and LNK-/- HSCs. Collectively, our studies suggest that enhanced cytokine signaling can counteract functional age-related HSC decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudmundur L Norddahl
- Lund University, Institution for Experimental Medical Science, Immunology section, BMC D14, Tornavägen 10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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28
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) division leads to self-renewal, differentiation, or death of HSCs, and adequate balance of this process results in sustained, lifelong, high-throughput hematopoiesis. Despite their contribution to hematopoietic cell production, the majority of cells within the HSC population are quiescent at any given time. Recent studies have tackled the questions of how often HSCs divide, how divisional history relates to repopulating potential, and how many HSCs contribute to hematopoiesis. Here, we summarize these recent findings on HSC turnover from different experimental systems and discuss hypothetical models for HSC cycling and maintenance in steady-state and upon hematopoietic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Takizawa
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Pietras EM, Warr MR, Passegué E. Cell cycle regulation in hematopoietic stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 195:709-20. [PMID: 22123859 PMCID: PMC3257565 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all lineages of blood cells. Because HSCs must persist for a lifetime, the balance between their proliferation and quiescence is carefully regulated to ensure blood homeostasis while limiting cellular damage. Cell cycle regulation therefore plays a critical role in controlling HSC function during both fetal life and in the adult. The cell cycle activity of HSCs is carefully modulated by a complex interplay between cell-intrinsic mechanisms and cell-extrinsic factors produced by the microenvironment. This fine-tuned regulatory network may become altered with age, leading to aberrant HSC cell cycle regulation, degraded HSC function, and hematological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Pietras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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30
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Zhang Q, Iida R, Shimazu T, Kincade PW. Replenishing B lymphocytes in health and disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:196-203. [PMID: 22236696 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The path from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to functional B lymphocytes has long been appreciated as a basic model of differentiation, but much clinically relevant information has also been obtained. It is now possible to conduct single cell studies with increasingly high resolution, revealing that individual stem and progenitor cells differ from each other with respect to differentiation potential and fates. B lymphopoiesis is now seen as a gradual and unsynchronized process where progenitors eventually become B lineage restricted. Major milestones have been identified, but a precise sequence need not be followed and oscillation between states is possible. It is not yet clear if this versatility has survival value, but information is accumulating about infections and age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhao Zhang
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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31
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Ko KH, Holmes T, Palladinetti P, Song E, Nordon R, O'Brien TA, Dolnikov A. GSK-3β inhibition promotes engraftment of ex vivo-expanded hematopoietic stem cells and modulates gene expression. Stem Cells 2011; 29:108-18. [PMID: 20960517 DOI: 10.1002/stem.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has been identified as an important regulator of stem cell function acting through activation of the wingless (Wnt) pathway. Here, we report that treatment with an inhibitor of GSK-3β, 6-bromoindirubin 3'-oxime (BIO) delayed cell cycle progression by increasing cell cycle time. BIO treatment resulted in the accumulation of late dividing cells enriched with primitive progenitor cells retaining the ability for sustained proliferation. In vivo analysis using a Non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) transplantation model has demonstrated that pretreatment with BIO promotes engraftment of ex vivo-expanded hematopoietic stem cells. BIO enhanced the engraftment of myeloid, lymphoid and primitive stem cell compartments. Limiting dilution analysis of SCID repopulating cells (SRC) revealed that BIO treatment increased human chimerism without increasing SRC frequency. Clonogenic analysis of human cells derived from the bone marrow of transplant recipient mice demonstrated that a higher level of human chimerism and cellularity was related to increased regeneration per SRC unit. Gene expression analysis showed that treatment with BIO did not modulate the expression of canonical Wnt target genes upregulated during cytokine-induced cell proliferation. BIO increased the expression of several genes regulating Notch and Tie2 signaling downregulated during ex vivo expansion, suggesting a role in improving stem cell engraftment. In addition, treatment with BIO upregulated CDK inhibitor p57 and downregulated cyclin D1, providing a possible mechanism for the delay seen in cell cycle progression. We conclude that transient, pharmacologic inhibition of GSK-3β provides a novel approach to improve engraftment of expanded HSC after stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kap-Hyoun Ko
- Sydney Cord and Marrow Transplant Facility, Centre for Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, Australia
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32
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Hoxb4-YFP reporter mouse model: a novel tool for tracking HSC development and studying the role of Hoxb4 in hematopoiesis. Blood 2011; 117:3521-8. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-12-253989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hoxb4 overexpression promotes dramatic expansion of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) without leukemic transformation and induces development of definitive HSCs from early embryonic yolk sac and differentiating embryonic stem cells. Knockout studies of Hoxb4 showed little effect on hematopoiesis, but interpretation of these results is obscured by the lack of direct evidence that Hoxb4 is expressed in HSCs and possible compensatory effects of other (Hox) genes. To evaluate accurately the pattern of Hoxb4 expression and to gain a better understanding of the physiologic role of Hoxb4 in the hemato-poietic system, we generated a knock-in Hoxb4–yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) reporter mouse model. We show that BM Lin−Sca1+c-Kit+ cells express Hoxb4-YFP and demonstrate functionally in the long-term repopulation assay that definitive HSCs express Hoxb4. Similarly, aorta-gonad-mesonephrous–derived CD45+CD144+ cells, enriched for HSCs, express Hoxb4. Furthermore, yolk sac and placental HSC populations express Hoxb4. Unexpectedly, Hoxb4 expression in the fetal liver HSCs is lower than in the BM, reaching negligible levels in some HSCs, suggesting an insignificant role of Hoxb4 in expansion of fetal liver HSCs. Hoxb4 expression therefore would not appear to correlate with the cycling status of fetal liver HSCs, although highly proliferative HSCs from young BM show strong Hoxb4 expression.
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33
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Takizawa H, Regoes RR, Boddupalli CS, Bonhoeffer S, Manz MG. Dynamic variation in cycling of hematopoietic stem cells in steady state and inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:273-84. [PMID: 21300914 PMCID: PMC3039863 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both fast-cycling and quiescent mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can reconstitute lifelong hematopoiesis, and HSC cycling status can fluctuate over time in steady state and accelerate upon inflammation. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain blood production. How often mouse HSCs divide and whether each HSC contributes simultaneously, sequentially, or repetitively to hematopoiesis remains to be determined. We track division of 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)–labeled HSC in vivo. We found that, in steady-state mice, bone marrow cells capable of reconstituting lifelong hematopoiesis are found within both fast-cycling (undergoing five or more divisions in 7 wk) and quiescent (undergoing zero divisions in 12–14 wk) lineage marker–negative c-Kit+ Sca-1+ populations. The contribution of each population to hematopoiesis can fluctuate with time, and cells with extensive proliferative history are prone to return to quiescence. Furthermore, injection of the bacterial component lipopolysaccharide increased the proliferation and self-renewal capacity of HSCs. These findings suggest a model in which all HSCs undergo dynamic and demand-adapted entry into and exit out of the cell cycle over time. This may facilitate a similar degree of turnover of the entire HSC pool at the end of life.
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Hypoxia mediates low cell-cycle activity and increases the proportion of long-term–reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells during in vitro culture. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:301-310.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bhattacharya D, Czechowicz A, Ooi AGL, Rossi DJ, Bryder D, Weissman IL. Niche recycling through division-independent egress of hematopoietic stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2837-50. [PMID: 19887396 PMCID: PMC2806613 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are thought to reside in discrete niches through stable adhesion, yet previous studies have suggested that host HSCs can be replaced by transplanted donor HSCs, even in the absence of cytoreductive conditioning. To explain this apparent paradox, we calculated, through cell surface phenotyping and transplantation of unfractionated blood, that approximately 1-5% of the total pool of HSCs enters into the circulation each day. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) feeding experiments demonstrated that HSCs in the peripheral blood incorporate BrdU at the same rate as do HSCs in the bone marrow, suggesting that egress from the bone marrow to the blood can occur without cell division and can leave behind vacant HSC niches. Consistent with this, repetitive daily transplantations of small numbers of HSCs administered as new niches became available over the course of 7 d led to significantly higher levels of engraftment than did large, single-bolus transplantations of the same total number of HSCs. These data provide insight as to how HSC replacement can occur despite the residence of endogenous HSCs in niches, and suggest therapeutic interventions that capitalize upon physiological HSC egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepta Bhattacharya
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been defined by their ability to establish long-term hematopoiesis in myelo-ablated hosts. Prospective isolation using combinations of cell-surface markers and/or dye exclusion can yield highly purified and nearly homogeneous phenotypically defined cells that repopulate irradiated hosts. Although highly informative, these types of analyses may not necessarily reflect ongoing homeostatic hematopoiesis. HSCs are also described as being quiescent. This has been demonstrated by cell cycle analysis of phenotypically defined HSCs. Some studies have challenged the existence of truly quiescent HSCs, suggesting that they continuously cycle, albeit with very slow kinetics. Here we present a pulse-chase system based on the controllable incorporation of H2B-GFP into nucleosomes, which allows the identification, purification, and functional analysis of viable label-retaining cells. Our data complement and extend recent studies using similar strategies. These, together with our present studies, find a rare, quiescent or dormant subset within the population of stringently defined HSC phenotypes. To date, three types of niches, endosteal, vascular, and reticular, have been described; herein we review the cellular and spatial nature of these microenvironments. We propose that HSC label-retention combined with genetically manipulated stem cell niches will allow us to determine their anatomical architecture, to address HSC cell fate proliferation kinetics, and to begin to dissect the molecular cross talk among stem cells and niche cells in vivo during both normal and perturbed homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schaniel
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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Attema JL, Pronk CJH, Norddahl GL, Nygren JM, Bryder D. Hematopoietic stem cell ageing is uncoupled from p16INK4A-mediated senescence. Oncogene 2009; 28:2238-43. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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