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Razavipour SF, Yoon H, Jang K, Kim M, Nawara HM, Bagheri A, Huang WC, Shin M, Zhao D, Zhou Z, Van Boven D, Briegel K, Morey L, Ince TA, Johnson M, Slingerland JM. C-terminally phosphorylated p27 activates self-renewal driver genes to program cancer stem cell expansion, mammary hyperplasia and cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5152. [PMID: 38886396 PMCID: PMC11183067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In many cancers, a stem-like cell subpopulation mediates tumor initiation, dissemination and drug resistance. Here, we report that cancer stem cell (CSC) abundance is transcriptionally regulated by C-terminally phosphorylated p27 (p27pT157pT198). Mechanistically, this arises through p27 co-recruitment with STAT3/CBP to gene regulators of CSC self-renewal including MYC, the Notch ligand JAG1, and ANGPTL4. p27pTpT/STAT3 also recruits a SIN3A/HDAC1 complex to co-repress the Pyk2 inhibitor, PTPN12. Pyk2, in turn, activates STAT3, creating a feed-forward loop increasing stem-like properties in vitro and tumor-initiating stem cells in vivo. The p27-activated gene profile is over-represented in STAT3 activated human breast cancers. Furthermore, mammary transgenic expression of phosphomimetic, cyclin-CDK-binding defective p27 (p27CK-DD) increases mammary duct branching morphogenesis, yielding hyperplasia and microinvasive cancers that can metastasize to liver, further supporting a role for p27pTpT in CSC expansion. Thus, p27pTpT interacts with STAT3, driving transcriptional programs governing stem cell expansion or maintenance in normal and cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavipour
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Hyunho Yoon
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, South Korea
| | - Kibeom Jang
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Minsoon Kim
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Amir Bagheri
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Wei-Chi Huang
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Miyoung Shin
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dekuang Zhao
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Zhiqun Zhou
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Derek Van Boven
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karoline Briegel
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Lluis Morey
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tan A Ince
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Johnson
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Joyce M Slingerland
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA.
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Oke A, Manohar SM. Dynamic Roles of Signaling Pathways in Maintaining Pluripotency of Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2024; 26:46-56. [PMID: 38635924 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2024.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Culturing of mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro was a major breakthrough in the field of stem cell biology. These models gained popularity very soon mainly due to their pluripotency. Evidently, the ESCs of mouse and human origin share typical phenotypic responses due to their pluripotent nature, such as self-renewal capacity and potency. The conserved network of core transcription factors regulates these responses. However, significantly different signaling pathways and upstream transcriptional networks regulate expression and activity of these core pluripotency factors in ESCs of both the species. In fact, ample evidence shows that a pathway, which maintains pluripotency in mouse ESCs, promotes differentiation in human ESCs. In this review, we discuss the role of canonical signaling pathways implicated in regulation of pluripotency and differentiation particularly in mouse and human ESCs. We believe that understanding these distinct and at times-opposite mechanisms-is critical for the progress in the field of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Oke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-Be) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonal M Manohar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-Be) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Zhang Y, Gao S, Yao S, Weng D, Wang Y, Huang Q, Zhang X, Wang H, Xu W. IL-27 mediates immune response of pneumococcal vaccine SPY1 through Th17 and memory CD4 +T cells. iScience 2023; 26:107464. [PMID: 37588169 PMCID: PMC10425906 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective means of preventing pneumococcal disease and SPY1 is a live attenuated pneumococcal vaccine we obtained earlier. We found IL-27 and its specific receptor (WSX-1) were increased in SPY1 vaccinated mice. Bacterial clearance and survival rates were decreased in SPY1 vaccinated IL-27Rα-/- mice. The vaccine-induced Th17 cell response and IgA secretion were also suppressed in IL-27Rα-/- mice. STAT3 and NF-κB signaling and expression of the Th17 cell polarization-related cytokines were also decreased in IL-27Rα-/- bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells(BMDC) stimulated with inactivated SPY1. The numbers of memory CD4+T cells were also decreased in SPY1 vaccinated IL-27Rα-/- mice. These results suggested that IL-27 plays a protective role in SPY1 vaccine by promoting Th17 polarization through STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways and memory CD4+T cells production in the SPY1 vaccine. In addition, we found that the immune protection of SPY1 vaccine was independent of aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shifei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danlin Weng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Rohrer KA, Song H, Akbar A, Chen Y, Pramanik S, Wilder PJ, McIntyre EM, Chaturvedi NK, Bhakat KK, Rizzino A, Coulter DW, Ray S. STAT3 Inhibition Attenuates MYC Expression by Modulating Co-Activator Recruitment and Suppresses Medulloblastoma Tumor Growth by Augmenting Cisplatin Efficacy In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082239. [PMID: 37190167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MB is a common childhood malignancy of the central nervous system, with significant morbidity and mortality. Among the four molecular subgroups, MYC-amplified Group 3 MB is the most aggressive type and has the worst prognosis due to therapy resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the role of activated STAT3 in promoting MB pathogenesis and chemoresistance via inducing the cancer hallmark MYC oncogene. Targeting STAT3 function either by inducible genetic knockdown (KD) or with a clinically relevant small molecule inhibitor reduced tumorigenic attributes in MB cells, including survival, proliferation, anti-apoptosis, migration, stemness and expression of MYC and its targets. STAT3 inhibition attenuates MYC expression by affecting recruitment of histone acetyltransferase p300, thereby reducing enrichment of H3K27 acetylation in the MYC promoter. Concomitantly, it also decreases the occupancy of the bromodomain containing protein-4 (BRD4) and phosphoSer2-RNA Pol II (pSer2-RNAPol II) on MYC, resulting in reduced transcription. Importantly, inhibition of STAT3 signaling significantly attenuated MB tumor growth in subcutaneous and intracranial orthotopic xenografts, increased the sensitivity of MB tumors to cisplatin, and improved the survival of mice bearing high-risk MYC-amplified tumors. Together, the results of our study demonstrate that targeting STAT3 may be a promising adjuvant therapy and chemo-sensitizer to augment treatment efficacy, reduce therapy-related toxicity and improve quality of life in high-risk pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Rohrer
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Heyu Song
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Anum Akbar
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yingling Chen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Suravi Pramanik
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Phillip J Wilder
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Erin M McIntyre
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nagendra K Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kishor K Bhakat
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Angie Rizzino
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Don W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sutapa Ray
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Wu X, Liu S, Liang G. Detecting clusters of transcription factors based on a nonhomogeneous poisson process model. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:535. [PMID: 36494794 PMCID: PMC9738027 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-05090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapidly growing genome-wide ChIP-seq data have provided unprecedented opportunities to explore transcription factor (TF) binding under various cellular conditions. Despite the rich resources, development of analytical methods for studying the interaction among TFs in gene regulation still lags behind. RESULTS In order to address cooperative TF binding and detect TF clusters with coordinative functions, we have developed novel computational methods based on clustering the sample paths of nonhomogeneous Poisson processes. Simulation studies demonstrated the capability of these methods to accurately detect TF clusters and uncover the hierarchy of TF interactions. A further application to the multiple-TF ChIP-seq data in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) showed that our methods identified the cluster of core ESC regulators reported in the literature and provided new insights on functional implications of transcrisptional regulatory modules. CONCLUSIONS Effective analytical tools are essential for studying protein-DNA relations. Information derived from this research will help us better understand the orchestration of transcription factors in gene regulation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, 250 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Shicheng Liu
- grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, 225 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Guanying Liang
- grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, 225 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
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Comparison of Sources and Methods for the Isolation of Equine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells and Preliminary Results on Their Reaction to Incubation with 5-Azacytidine. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162049. [PMID: 36009640 PMCID: PMC9404420 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The function of the equine heart is different from that in other species, and a species-specific in vitro model would simplify investigations in the field of equine cardiology. The recent advances in stem cell research and the availability of adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) could be a promising starting point for the development of such an in vitro model. In order to test the hypothesis that equine ASCs can be differentiated into cells resembling heart cells, we isolated ASCs from abdominal, retrobulbar, and subcutaneous adipose tissue after collagenase digestion or from direct cultivation of explants. Both techniques resulted in similar yields of cells displaying morphological, immunophenotypical, and molecular biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. Abdominal adipose tissue was found to be most suitable for ASC isolation in equines. However, contrasting earlier studies performed with ASCs from other species, equine ASCs were refractory to 5-azacytidine-induced upregulation of markers characteristic for the differentiation into heart cells. Hence, further studies are required to establish equine cardiomyocyte induction. Abstract Physiological particularities of the equine heart justify the development of an in vitro model suitable for investigations of the species-specific equine cardiac electrophysiology. Adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) could be a promising starting point from which to develop such a cardiomyocyte (CM)-like cell model. Therefore, we compared abdominal, retrobulbar, and subcutaneous adipose tissue as sources for the isolation of ASCs applying two isolation methods: the collagenase digestion and direct explant culture. Abdominal adipose tissue was most suitable for the isolation of ASCs and both isolation methods resulted in comparable yields of CD45-/CD34-negative cells expressing the mesenchymal stem cell markers CD29, CD44, and CD90, as well as pluripotency markers, as determined by flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR. However, exposure of equine ASCs to 5-azacytidine (5-AZA), reportedly inducing CM differentiation from rats, rabbits, and human ASCs, was not successful in our study. More precisely, neither the early differentiation markers GATA4 and NKX2-5, nor the late CM differentiation markers TNNI3, MYH6, and MYH7 were upregulated in equine ASCs exposed to 10 µM 5-AZA for 48 h. Hence, further work focusing on the optimal conditions for CM differentiation of equine stem cells derived from adipose tissue, as well as possibly from other origins, are needed.
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7
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Thege FI, Rupani DN, Barathi BB, Manning SL, Maitra A, Rhim AD, Wörmann SM. A Programmable In Vivo CRISPR Activation Model Elucidates the Oncogenic and Immunosuppressive Functions of MYC in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2761-2776. [PMID: 35666804 PMCID: PMC9357118 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) are time-consuming, laborious, and offer limited spatiotemporal control. Here, we describe the development of a streamlined platform for in vivo gene activation using CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) technology. Unlike conventional GEMMs, this model system allows for flexible, sustained, and timed activation of one or more target genes using single or pooled lentiviral guides. Myc and Yap1 were used as model oncogenes to demonstrate gene activation in primary pancreatic organoid cultures in vitro and enhanced tumorigenic potential in Myc-activated organoids when transplanted orthotopically in vivo. Implementation of this model as an autochthonous lung cancer model showed that transduction-mediated activation of Myc led to accelerated tumor progression and significantly reduced overall survival relative to nontargeted tumor controls. Furthermore, Myc activation led to the acquisition of an immune suppressive, "cold" tumor microenvironment. Cross-species validation of these results using publicly available RNA/DNA-seq datasets linked MYC to a previously described immunosuppressive molecular subtype in patient tumors, thus identifying a patient cohort that may benefit from combined MYC- and immune-targeted therapies. Overall, this work demonstrates how CRISPRa can be used for rapid functional validation of putative oncogenes and may allow for the identification and evaluation of potential metastatic and oncogenic drivers through competitive screening. SIGNIFICANCE A streamlined platform for programmable CRISPR gene activation enables rapid evaluation and functional validation of putative oncogenes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik I. Thege
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- CORRESPONDANCE: Fredrik I. Thege, , Sonja M. Wörmann, , MD Anderson Cancer Center, Zayed Building, Z3.2065, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dhwani N. Rupani
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bhargavi B. Barathi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sara L. Manning
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew D. Rhim
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sonja M. Wörmann
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- CORRESPONDANCE: Fredrik I. Thege, , Sonja M. Wörmann, , MD Anderson Cancer Center, Zayed Building, Z3.2065, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Huang D, Zhang C, Wang P, Li X, Gao L, Zhao C. JMJD3 Promotes Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Th17-Cell Differentiation by Modulating the STAT3-RORc Signaling Pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:778-787. [PMID: 35867069 PMCID: PMC9416562 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response mediated by Th17 cells is essential in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS) could promote Th17-cell differentiation directly, while the downstream signaling remains elusive. This study was aimed to explore the role of JMJD3 (a JmjC family histone demethylase) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in Th17-cell differentiation triggered by Pg-LPS and clarify the interaction between them. We found that the expression of JMJD3 and STAT3 was significantly increased under Th17-polarizing conditions. Pg-LPS could promote Th17-cell differentiation from CD4+ T cells, with an increased expression of JMJD3 and STAT3 compared to the culture without Pg-LPS. The coimmunoprecipitation results showed that the interactions of JMJD3 and STAT3, STAT3 and retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) were enhanced following Pg-LPS stimulation during Th17-cell differentiation. Further blocking assays were performed and the results showed that inhibition of STAT3 or JMJD3 both suppressed the Th17-cell differentiation, JMJD3 inhibitor could reduce the expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3, while JMJD3 expression was not affected when STAT3 was inhibited. Taken together, this study found that JMJD3 could promote Pg-LPS induced Th17-cell differentiation by modulating the STAT3-RORc signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Huang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiting Li
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjiang Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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MAEL Augments Cancer Stemness Properties and Resistance to Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through the PTGS2/AKT/STAT3 Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122880. [PMID: 35740546 PMCID: PMC9221398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the most common and lethal subtype of liver cancer without effective therapeutics. Understanding and targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs), a stem-cell-like subpopulation, which are emerging as effective ways to decipher tumor biology and develop therapies, may help to revolutionize cancer management. Cancer/testis antigen Maelstrom (MAEL) has been implicated in the regulation of CSC phenotypes, while the role of CSCs remains unclear. We demonstrated that MAEL positively regulates cancer stem-cell-like properties in HCC, and MAEL silencing provokes tumor cells’ sensitivity to sorafenib. We further discovered that the MAEL-dependent stemness was operated via PGST2/IL8/AKT/STAT3 signaling. Collectively, our study suggests the MAEL/PGST2 axis as a potential therapeutic target against CSC and sorafenib resistance in HCC. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumorigenesis, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis in hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Cancer/testis antigen Maelstrom (MAEL) is implicated in the formation of CSC phenotypes, while the exact role and underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we found the upregulation of MAEL in HCC, with its expression negatively correlated with survival outcome. Functionally, MAEL promoted tumor cell aggressiveness, tumor stem-like potentials, and resistance to sorafenib in HCC cell lines. Transcriptional profiling indicated the dysregulation of stemness in MAEL knockout cells and identified PTGS2 as a critical downstream target transactivated by MAEL. The suppression effect of MAEL knockout in tumor aggressiveness was rescued in PTGS2 overexpression HCC cells. A molecular mechanism study revealed that the upregulation of PTGS2 by MAEL subsequently resulted in IL-8 secretion and the activation of AKT/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling. Collectively, our work identifies MAEL as an important stemness regulation gene in HCC. Targeting MAEL or its downstream molecules may provide a novel possibility for the elimination of CSC to enhance therapeutic efficacy for HCC patients in the future.
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10
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Telomerase in Cancer: Function, Regulation, and Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030808. [PMID: 35159075 PMCID: PMC8834434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cells undergoing malignant transformation must circumvent replicative senescence and eventual cell death associated with progressive telomere shortening that occurs through successive cell division. To do so, malignant cells reactivate telomerase to extend their telomeres and achieve cellular immortality, which is a “Hallmark of Cancer”. Here we review the telomere-dependent and -independent functions of telomerase in cancer, as well as its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target to diagnose and treat cancer patients. Abstract During the process of malignant transformation, cells undergo a series of genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic alterations, including the acquisition and propagation of genomic aberrations that impart survival and proliferative advantages. These changes are mediated in part by the induction of replicative immortality that is accompanied by active telomere elongation. Indeed, telomeres undergo dynamic changes to their lengths and higher-order structures throughout tumor formation and progression, processes overseen in most cancers by telomerase. Telomerase is a multimeric enzyme whose function is exquisitely regulated through diverse transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms to facilitate telomere extension. In turn, telomerase function depends not only on its core components, but also on a suite of binding partners, transcription factors, and intra- and extracellular signaling effectors. Additionally, telomerase exhibits telomere-independent regulation of cancer cell growth by participating directly in cellular metabolism, signal transduction, and the regulation of gene expression in ways that are critical for tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the complex mechanisms underlying telomere maintenance, with a particular focus on both the telomeric and extratelomeric functions of telomerase. We also explore the clinical utility of telomeres and telomerase in the diagnosis, prognosis, and development of targeted therapies for primary, metastatic, and recurrent cancers.
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11
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Sun L, Yan Y, Lv H, Li J, Wang Z, Wang K, Wang L, Li Y, Jiang H, Zhang Y. Rapamycin targets STAT3 and impacts c-Myc to suppress tumor growth. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:373-385.e6. [PMID: 34706270 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin is widely recognized as an inhibitor of mTOR, and has been approved for clinical use as an immunosuppressant. Its potencies in anti-cancer, anti-aging, and neurodegenerative diseases are emergingly established. The exploration of other targets of rapamycin will further elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. In this study, we use a chemical proteomics strategy that has identified STAT3, a transcription factor considered to be undruggable, as a direct functional protein target of rapamycin. Together with other multi-dimensional proteomics data, we show that rapamycin treatment in cell culture significantly inhibits c-Myc-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, we show that rapamycin suppresses tumor growth along with a decreased expression of STAT3 and c-Myc in an in vivo xenograft mouse model for hepatocellular carcinoma. Our data suggest that rapamycin acts directly on STAT3 to decrease its transcription activity, providing important information for the pharmacological and pharmaceutical development of STAT3 inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Heng Lv
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Wang
- ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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12
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Igelmann S, Lessard F, Uchenunu O, Bouchard J, Fernandez-Ruiz A, Rowell MC, Lopes-Paciencia S, Papadopoli D, Fouillen A, Ponce KJ, Huot G, Mignacca L, Benfdil M, Kalegari P, Wahba HM, Pencik J, Vuong N, Quenneville J, Guillon J, Bourdeau V, Hulea L, Gagnon E, Kenner L, Moriggl R, Nanci A, Pollak MN, Omichinski JG, Topisirovic I, Ferbeyre G. A hydride transfer complex reprograms NAD metabolism and bypasses senescence. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3848-3865.e19. [PMID: 34547241 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and redox balance play pivotal roles in cancer. Cellular senescence is a barrier for tumorigenesis circumvented in cancer cells by poorly understood mechanisms. We report a multi-enzymatic complex that reprograms NAD metabolism by transferring reducing equivalents from NADH to NADP+. This hydride transfer complex (HTC) is assembled by malate dehydrogenase 1, malic enzyme 1, and cytosolic pyruvate carboxylase. HTC is found in phase-separated bodies in the cytosol of cancer or hypoxic cells and can be assembled in vitro with recombinant proteins. HTC is repressed in senescent cells but induced by p53 inactivation. HTC enzymes are highly expressed in mouse and human prostate cancer models, and their inactivation triggers senescence. Exogenous expression of HTC is sufficient to bypass senescence, rescue cells from complex I inhibitors, and cooperate with oncogenic RAS to transform primary cells. Altogether, we provide evidence for a new multi-enzymatic complex that reprograms metabolism and overcomes cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Igelmann
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lessard
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Oro Uchenunu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T1E2, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A3T2, Canada
| | - Jacob Bouchard
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David Papadopoli
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T1E2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A3T2, Canada
| | - Aurélien Fouillen
- Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Katia Julissa Ponce
- Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Geneviève Huot
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Lian Mignacca
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benfdil
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Paloma Kalegari
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Haytham M Wahba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jan Pencik
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nhung Vuong
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jordan Quenneville
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jordan Guillon
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Véronique Bourdeau
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Laura Hulea
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Etienne Gagnon
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T1E2, Canada
| | - James G Omichinski
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T1E2, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A3T2, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A3T2, Canada.
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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13
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Venkatesh I, Mehra V, Wang Z, Simpson MT, Eastwood E, Chakraborty A, Beine Z, Gross D, Cabahug M, Olson G, Blackmore MG. Co-occupancy identifies transcription factor co-operation for axon growth. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2555. [PMID: 33953205 PMCID: PMC8099911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) act as powerful levers to regulate neural physiology and can be targeted to improve cellular responses to injury or disease. Because TFs often depend on cooperative activity, a major challenge is to identify and deploy optimal sets. Here we developed a bioinformatics pipeline, centered on TF co-occupancy of regulatory DNA, and used it to predict factors that potentiate the effects of pro-regenerative Klf6 in vitro. High content screens of neurite outgrowth identified cooperative activity by 12 candidates, and systematic testing in a mouse model of corticospinal tract (CST) damage substantiated three novel instances of pairwise cooperation. Combined Klf6 and Nr5a2 drove the strongest growth, and transcriptional profiling of CST neurons identified Klf6/Nr5a2-responsive gene networks involved in macromolecule biosynthesis and DNA repair. These data identify TF combinations that promote enhanced CST growth, clarify the transcriptional correlates, and provide a bioinformatics approach to detect TF cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwariya Venkatesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Vatsal Mehra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zimei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Matthew T Simpson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Erik Eastwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Zac Beine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Derek Gross
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael Cabahug
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Greta Olson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Murray G Blackmore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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14
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Gene Transactivation and Transrepression in MYC-Driven Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073458. [PMID: 33801599 PMCID: PMC8037706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a proto-oncogene regulating a large number of genes involved in a plethora of cellular functions. Its deregulation results in activation of MYC gene expression and/or an increase in MYC protein stability. MYC overexpression is a hallmark of malignant growth, inducing self-renewal of stem cells and blocking senescence and cell differentiation. This review summarizes the latest advances in our understanding of MYC-mediated molecular mechanisms responsible for its oncogenic activity. Several recent findings indicate that MYC is a regulator of cancer genome and epigenome: MYC modulates expression of target genes in a site-specific manner, by recruiting chromatin remodeling co-factors at promoter regions, and at genome-wide level, by regulating the expression of several epigenetic modifiers that alter the entire chromatin structure. We also discuss novel emerging therapeutic strategies based on both direct modulation of MYC and its epigenetic cofactors.
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15
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Sheng Y, Ma R, Yu C, Wu Q, Zhang S, Paulsen K, Zhang J, Ni H, Huang Y, Zheng Y, Qian Z. Role of c-Myc haploinsufficiency in the maintenance of HSCs in mice. Blood 2021; 137:610-623. [PMID: 33538795 PMCID: PMC8215193 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the dosage effect of c-Myc on hematopoiesis and its distinct role in mediating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and bone marrow niche cells. c-Myc haploinsufficiency led to ineffective hematopoiesis by inhibiting HSC self-renewal and quiescence and by promoting apoptosis. We have identified Nr4a1, Nr4a2, and Jmjd3, which are critical for the maintenance of HSC functions, as previously unrecognized downstream targets of c-Myc in HSCs. c-Myc directly binds to the promoter regions of Nr4a1, Nr4a2, and Jmjd3 and regulates their expression. Our results revealed that Nr4a1 and Nr4a2 mediates the function of c-Myc in regulating HSC quiescence, whereas all 3 genes contribute to the function of c-Myc in the maintenance of HSC survival. Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) is a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We have provided the first evidence that Apc haploinsufficiency induces a blockage of erythroid lineage differentiation through promoting secretion of IL6 in bone marrow endothelial cells. We found that c-Myc haploinsufficiency failed to rescue defective function of Apc-deficient HSCs in vivo but it was sufficient to prevent the development of severe anemia in Apc-heterozygous mice and to significantly prolong the survival of those mice. Furthermore, we showed that c-Myc-mediated Apc loss induced IL6 secretion in endothelial cells, and c-Myc haploinsufficiency reversed the negative effect of Apc-deficient endothelial cells on erythroid cell differentiation. Our studies indicate that c-Myc has a context-dependent role in mediating the function of Apc in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sheng
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Chunjie Yu
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Medicine and
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Medicine and
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Steven Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kimberly Paulsen
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Hongyu Ni
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; and
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Zhijian Qian
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Medicine and
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16
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Igelmann S, Neubauer HA, Ferbeyre G. STAT3 and STAT5 Activation in Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101428. [PMID: 31557897 PMCID: PMC6826753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)3 and 5 proteins are activated by many cytokine receptors to regulate specific gene expression and mitochondrial functions. Their role in cancer is largely context-dependent as they can both act as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. We review here the role of STAT3/5 activation in solid cancers and summarize their association with survival in cancer patients. The molecular mechanisms that underpin the oncogenic activity of STAT3/5 signaling include the regulation of genes that control cell cycle and cell death. However, recent advances also highlight the critical role of STAT3/5 target genes mediating inflammation and stemness. In addition, STAT3 mitochondrial functions are required for transformation. On the other hand, several tumor suppressor pathways act on or are activated by STAT3/5 signaling, including tyrosine phosphatases, the sumo ligase Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT3 (PIAS3), the E3 ubiquitin ligase TATA Element Modulatory Factor/Androgen Receptor-Coactivator of 160 kDa (TMF/ARA160), the miRNAs miR-124 and miR-1181, the Protein of alternative reading frame 19 (p19ARF)/p53 pathway and the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3 (SOCS1/3) proteins. Cancer mutations and epigenetic alterations may alter the balance between pro-oncogenic and tumor suppressor activities associated with STAT3/5 signaling, explaining their context-dependent association with tumor progression both in human cancers and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Igelmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
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17
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Hughes NP, Xu L, Nielsen CH, Chang E, Hori SS, Natarajan A, Lee S, Kjær A, Kani K, Wang SX, Mallick P, Gambhir SS. A blood biomarker for monitoring response to anti-EGFR therapy. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:333-344. [PMID: 29689709 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-171149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To monitor therapies targeted to epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we investigated Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) as a biomarker of response to anti-EGFR agents. METHODS We studied cells that are sensitive (H3255, HCC827) or resistant (H1975, H460) to gefitinib. PRDX6 was examined with either gefitinib or vehicle treatment using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We created xenograft models from one sensitive (HCC827) and one resistant cell line (H1975) and monitored serum PRDX6 levels during treatment. RESULTS PRDX6 levels in cell media from sensitive cell lines increased significantly after gefitinib treatment vs. vehicle, whereas there was no significant difference for resistant lines. PRDX6 accumulation over time correlated positively with gefitinib sensitivity. Serum PRDX6 levels in gefitinib-sensitive xenograft models increased markedly during the first 24 hours of treatment and then decreased dramatically during the following 48 hours. Differences in serum PRDX6 levels between vehicle and gefitinib-treated animals could not be explained by differences in tumor burden. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that changes in serum PRDX6 during the course of gefitinib treatment of xenograft models provide insight into tumor response and such an approach offers several advantages over imaging-based strategies for monitoring response to anti-EGFR agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Hughes
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lingyun Xu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carsten H Nielsen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Center for Diagnostic Investigations, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edwin Chang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sharon S Hori
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Arutselvan Natarajan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Lee
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Center for Diagnostic Investigations, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kian Kani
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute of Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan X Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Parag Mallick
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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18
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Xu J, Wang Y, Ma F, Li Z, Liu N. Stat3 activation is critical for pluripotency maintenance. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1044-1051. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine, Nankai University Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin China
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine, Nankai University Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Yuebing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine, Nankai University Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Fengxia Ma
- State Key Lab of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine, Nankai University Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine, Nankai University Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin China
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19
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STAT3-Inducible Mouse ESCs: A Model to Study the Role of STAT3 in ESC Maintenance and Lineage Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8632950. [PMID: 30254684 PMCID: PMC6142778 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8632950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that STAT3 is essential in maintaining self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and modulates ESC differentiation. However, there is still lack of direct evidence on STAT3 functions in ESCs and embryogenesis because constitutive STAT3 knockout (KO) mouse is embryonic lethal at E6.5-E7.5, prior to potential functional role in early development can be assessed. Therefore, in this study, two inducible STAT3 ESC lines were established, including the STAT3 knockout (InSTAT3 KO) and pSTAT3 overexpressed (InSTAT3 CA) using Tet-on inducible system in which STAT3 expression can be strictly controlled by doxycycline (Dox) stimulation. Through genotyping, deletion of STAT3 alleles was detected in InSTAT3 KO ESCs following 24 hours Dox stimulation. Western blot also showed that pSTAT3 and STAT3 protein levels were significantly reduced in InSTAT3 KO ESCs while dominantly elevated in InSTAT3 CA ECSs upon Dox stimulation. Likewise, it was found that STAT3-null ESCs would affect the differentiation of ESCs into mesoderm and cardiac lineage. Taken together, the findings of this study indicated that InSTAT3 KO and InSTAT3 CA ESCs could provide a new tool to clarify the direct targets of STAT3 and its role in ESC maintenance, which will facilitate the elaboration of the mechanisms whereby STAT3 maintains ESC pluripotency and regulates ESC differentiation during mammalian embryogenesis.
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20
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Njatcha C, Farooqui M, Kornberg A, Johnson DE, Grandis JR, Siegfried JM. STAT3 Cyclic Decoy Demonstrates Robust Antitumor Effects in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1917-1926. [PMID: 29891486 PMCID: PMC6125196 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Constitutively activated STAT3 plays a critical role in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) progression by mediating proliferation and survival. STAT3 activation in normal cells is transient, making it an attractive target for NSCLC therapy. The therapeutic potential of blocking STAT3 in NSCLC was assessed utilizing a decoy approach by ligating a double-stranded 15-mer oligonucleotide that corresponds to the STAT3 response element of STAT3-target genes, to produce a cyclic STAT3 decoy (CS3D). The decoy was evaluated using NSCLC cells containing either wild-type EGFR (201T) or mutant EGFR with an additional EGFRi resistance mutation (H1975). These cells are resistant to EGFR inhibitors and require an alternate therapeutic approach. CS3D activity was compared with an inactive cyclic control oligonucleotide (CS3M) that differs by a single base pair, rendering it unable to bind to STAT3 protein. Transfection of 0.3 μmol/L of CS3D caused a 50% inhibition in proliferation in 201T and H1975 cells, relative to CS3M, and a 2-fold increase in apoptotic cells. Toxicity was minimal in normal cells. CS3D treatment caused a significant reduction of mRNA and protein expression of the STAT3 target gene c-Myc and inhibited colony formation by 70%. The active decoy decreased the nuclear pool of STAT3 compared with the mutant. In a xenograft model, treatments with CS3D (5 mg/kg) caused a potent 96.5% and 81.7% reduction in tumor growth in 201T (P < 0.007) and H1975 models (P < 0.0001), respectively, and reduced c-Myc and p-STAT3 proteins. Targeting STAT3 with the cyclic decoy could be an effective therapeutic strategy for NSCLC. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 1917-26. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Njatcha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mariya Farooqui
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Adam Kornberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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21
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KLF6 and STAT3 co-occupy regulatory DNA and functionally synergize to promote axon growth in CNS neurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12565. [PMID: 30135567 PMCID: PMC6105645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of axon regeneration in the CNS limits recovery from damage and disease. Members of the KLF family of transcription factors can exert both positive and negative effects on axon regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that forced expression of KLF6 promotes axon regeneration by corticospinal tract neurons in the injured spinal cord. RNA sequencing identified 454 genes whose expression changed upon forced KLF6 expression in vitro, including sub-networks that were highly enriched for functions relevant to axon extension including cytoskeleton remodeling, lipid synthesis, and bioenergetics. In addition, promoter analysis predicted a functional interaction between KLF6 and a second transcription factor, STAT3, and genome-wide footprinting using ATAC-Seq data confirmed frequent co-occupancy. Co-expression of the two factors yielded a synergistic elevation of neurite growth in vitro. These data clarify the transcriptional control of axon growth and point the way toward novel interventions to promote CNS regeneration.
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22
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Rodríguez Varela MS, Mucci S, Videla Richardson GA, Morris Hanon O, Furmento VA, Miriuka SG, Sevlever GE, Scassa ME, Romorini L. Regulation of cyclin E1 expression in human pluripotent stem cells and derived neural progeny. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1721-1744. [PMID: 29995582 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1496740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESCs and hiPSCs) show unique cell cycle characteristics, such as a short doubling time due to an abbreviated G1 phase. Whether or not the core cell cycle machinery directly regulates the stemness and/or the differentiation potential of hPSCs remains to be determined. To date, several scenarios describing the atypical cell cycle of hPSCs have been suggested, and therefore there is still controversy over how cyclins, master regulators of the cell cycle, are expressed and regulated. Furthermore, the cell cycle profile and the expression pattern of major cyclins in hESCs-derived neuroprogenitors (NP) have not been studied yet. Therefore, herein we characterized the expression pattern of major cyclins in hPSCs and NP. We determined that all studied cyclins mRNA expression levels fluctuate along cell cycle. Particularly, after a thorough analysis of synchronized cell populations, we observed that cyclin E1 mRNA levels increased sharply in G1/S concomitantly with cyclin E1 protein accumulation in hPSCs and NP. Additionally, we demonstrated that cyclin E1 mRNA expression levels involves the activation of MEK/ERK pathway and the transcription factors c-Myc and E2Fs in hPSCs. Lastly, our results reveal that proteasome mediates the marked down-regulation (degradation) of cyclin E1 protein observed in G2/M by a mechanism that requires a functional CDK2 but not GSK3β activity. ABBREVIATIONS hPSCs: human pluripotent stem cells; hESCs: human embryonic stem cells; hiPSCs: human induced pluripotent stem cells; NP: neuroprogenitors; HF: human foreskin fibroblasts; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; iMEFs: irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts; CDKs: cyclindependent kinases; CKIs: CDK inhibitors; CNS: central nervous system; Oct-4: Octamer-4; EB: embryoid body; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; cTnT: Cardiac Troponin T; MAP-2: microtubule-associated protein; TUJ-1: neuron-specific class III β-tubulin; bFGF: basic fibroblastic growth factor; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; KSR: knock out serum replacement; CM: iMEF conditioned medium; E8: Essential E8 medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Rodríguez Varela
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Sofía Mucci
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Guillermo Agustín Videla Richardson
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Olivia Morris Hanon
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Verónica Alejandra Furmento
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Santiago Gabriel Miriuka
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Gustavo Emilio Sevlever
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María Elida Scassa
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Leonardo Romorini
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
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23
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Shannon ML, Fame RM, Chau KF, Dani N, Calicchio ML, Géléoc GS, Lidov HGW, Alexandrescu S, Lehtinen MK. Mice Expressing Myc in Neural Precursors Develop Choroid Plexus and Ciliary Body Tumors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1334-1344. [PMID: 29545198 PMCID: PMC5971223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choroid plexus tumors and ciliary body medulloepithelioma are predominantly pediatric neoplasms. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of these tumors has been hindered by their rarity and lack of models that faithfully recapitulate the disease. Here, we find that endogenous Myc proto-oncogene protein is down-regulated in the forebrain neuroepithelium, whose neural plate border domains give rise to the anterior choroid plexus and ciliary body. To uncover the consequences of persistent Myc expression, MYC expression was forced in multipotent neural precursors (nestin-Cre:Myc), which produced fully penetrant models of choroid plexus carcinoma and ciliary body medulloepithelioma. Nestin-mediated MYC expression in the epithelial cells of choroid plexus leads to the regionalized formation of choroid plexus carcinoma in the posterior domain of the lateral ventricle choroid plexus and the fourth ventricle choroid plexus that is accompanied by loss of multiple cilia, up-regulation of protein biosynthetic machinery, and hydrocephalus. Parallel MYC expression in the ciliary body leads also to up-regulation of protein biosynthetic machinery. Additionally, Myc expression in human choroid plexus tumors increases with aggressiveness of disease. Collectively, our findings expose a select vulnerability of the neuroepithelial lineage to postnatal tumorigenesis and provide a new mouse model for investigating the pathogenesis of these rare pediatric neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Shannon
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin F Chau
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neil Dani
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monica L Calicchio
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gwenaelle S Géléoc
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hart G W Lidov
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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24
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Cheng CC, Shi LH, Wang XJ, Wang SX, Wan XQ, Liu SR, Wang YF, Lu Z, Wang LH, Ding Y. Stat3/Oct-4/c-Myc signal circuit for regulating stemness-mediated doxorubicin resistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells and inhibitory effects of WP1066. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:339-348. [PMID: 29750424 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs), however resistance limits its effectiveness. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with Dox resistance in MCF-7 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) may functionally shift non-CSCs towards CSCs. However, whether Stat3 drives the formation of CSCs during the development of resistance in TNBC, and whether a Stat3 inhibitor reverses CSC-mediated Dox resistance, remains to be elucidated. In the present study, human MDA-MB-468 and murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell lines with the typical characteristics of TNBCs, were compared with estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 cells as a model system. The MTT assay was used to detect cytotoxicity of Dox. In addition, the expression levels of CSC-specific markers and transcriptional factors were measured by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. The mammosphere formation assay was used to detect stem cell activity. Under long-term continuous treatment with Dox at a low concentration, TNBC cultures not only exhibited a drug-resistant phenotype, but also showed CSC properties. These Dox-resistant TNBC cells showed activation of Stat3 and high expression levels of pluripotency transcription factors octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct-4) and c-Myc, which was different from the high expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (Sox2) in Dox-resistant MCF-7 cells. WP1066 inhibited the phosphorylation of Stat3, and decreased the expression of Oct-4 and c-Myc, leading to a reduction in the CD44-positive cell population, and restoring the sensitivity of the cells to Dox. Taken together, a novel signal circuit of Stat3/Oct-4/c-Myc was identified for regulating stemness-mediated Dox resistance in TNBC. The Stat3 inhibitor WP1066 was able to overcome the resistance to Dox through decreasing the enrichment of CSCs, highlighting the therapeutic potential of WP1066 as a novel sensitizer of Dox-resistant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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25
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Ray S, Coulter DW, Gray SD, Sughroue JA, Roychoudhury S, McIntyre EM, Chaturvedi NK, Bhakat KK, Joshi SS, McGuire TR, Sharp JG. Suppression of STAT3 NH 2 -terminal domain chemosensitizes medulloblastoma cells by activation of protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 via de-repression by microRNA-21. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:536-548. [PMID: 29280516 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant pediatric brain tumor with poor prognosis. Signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in MB where it functions as an oncoprotein, mediating cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we have delineated the functional role of activated STAT3 in MB, by using a cell permeable STAT3-NH2 terminal domain inhibitor (S3-NTDi) that specifically perturbs the structure/function of STAT3. We have implemented several biochemical experiments using human MB tumor microarray (TMA) and pediatric MB cell lines, derived from high-risk SHH-TP53-mutated and MYC-amplified Non-WNT/SHH tumors. Treatment of MB cells with S3-NTDi leads to growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. S3-NTDi downregulated expression of STAT3 target genes, delayed migration of MB cells, attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expressions and reduced cancer stem-cell associated protein expressions in MB-spheres. To elucidate mechanisms, we showed that S3-NTDi induce expression of pro-apoptotic gene, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and decrease association of STAT3 to the proximal promoter of CCND1 and BCL2. Of note, S3-NTDi downregulated microRNA-21, which in turn, de-repressed Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT3 (PIAS3), a negative regulator of STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, combination therapy with S3-NTDi and cisplatin significantly decreased highly aggressive MYC-amplified MB cell growth and induced apoptosis by downregulating STAT3 regulated proliferation and anti-apoptotic gene expression. Together, our results revealed an important role of STAT3 in regulating MB pathogenesis. Disruption of this pathway with S3-NTDi, therefore, may serves as a promising candidate for targeted MB therapy by enhancing chemosensitivity of MB cells and potentially improving outcomes in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Ray
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Don W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shawn D Gray
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jason A Sughroue
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shrabasti Roychoudhury
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Erin M McIntyre
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nagendra K Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kishor K Bhakat
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shantaram S Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - John G Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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26
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He R, Xhabija B, Al-Qanber B, Kidder BL. OCT4 supports extended LIF-independent self-renewal and maintenance of transcriptional and epigenetic networks in embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16360. [PMID: 29180818 PMCID: PMC5703885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency is governed by OCT4-centric transcriptional networks. Conventional ES cells can be derived and maintained in vitro with media containing the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which propagates the pluripotent state by activating STAT3 signaling, and simultaneous inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and MAP kinase/ERK kinase signaling. However, it is unclear whether overexpression of OCT4 is sufficient to overcome LIF-dependence. Here, we show that inducible expression of OCT4 (iOCT4) supports long-term LIF-independent self-renewal of ES cells cultured in media containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) and a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibitor, and in serum-free media. Global expression analysis revealed that LIF-independent iOCT4 ES cells and control ES cells exhibit similar transcriptional programs relative to epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) and differentiated cells. Epigenomic profiling also demonstrated similar patterns of histone modifications between LIF-independent iOCT4 and control ES cells. Moreover, LIF-independent iOCT4 ES cells retain the capacity to differentiate in vitro and in vivo upon downregulation of OCT4 expression. These findings indicate that OCT4 expression is sufficient to sustain intrinsic signaling in a LIF-independent manner to promote ES cell pluripotency and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsheng He
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Besa Xhabija
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Batool Al-Qanber
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin L Kidder
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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27
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Tang S, Fang Y, Huang G, Xu X, Padilla-Banks E, Fan W, Xu Q, Sanderson SM, Foley JF, Dowdy S, McBurney MW, Fargo DC, Williams CJ, Locasale JW, Guan Z, Li X. Methionine metabolism is essential for SIRT1-regulated mouse embryonic stem cell maintenance and embryonic development. EMBO J 2017; 36:3175-3193. [PMID: 29021282 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine metabolism is critical for epigenetic maintenance, redox homeostasis, and animal development. However, the regulation of methionine metabolism remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that SIRT1, the most conserved mammalian NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, is critically involved in modulating methionine metabolism, thereby impacting maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and subsequent embryogenesis. We demonstrate that SIRT1-deficient mESCs are hypersensitive to methionine restriction/depletion-induced differentiation and apoptosis, primarily due to a reduced conversion of methionine to S-adenosylmethionine. This reduction markedly decreases methylation levels of histones, resulting in dramatic alterations in gene expression profiles. Mechanistically, we discover that the enzyme converting methionine to S-adenosylmethionine in mESCs, methionine adenosyltransferase 2a (MAT2a), is under control of Myc and SIRT1. Consistently, SIRT1 KO embryos display reduced Mat2a expression and histone methylation and are sensitive to maternal methionine restriction-induced lethality, whereas maternal methionine supplementation increases the survival of SIRT1 KO newborn mice. Our findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism for methionine metabolism and highlight the importance of methionine metabolism in SIRT1-mediated mESC maintenance and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yi Fang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Padilla-Banks
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Wei Fan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Qing Xu
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sydney M Sanderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julie F Foley
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch and Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Scotty Dowdy
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch and Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael W McBurney
- Program for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David C Fargo
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Carmen J Williams
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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28
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Zarrabi M, Afzal E, Asghari MH, Mohammad M, Es HA, Ebrahimi M. Inhibition of MEK/ERK signalling pathway promotes erythroid differentiation and reduces HSCs engraftment in ex vivo expanded haematopoietic stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1464-1474. [PMID: 28994199 PMCID: PMC5824365 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The MEK/ERK pathway is found to be important in regulating different biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation and survival in a wide variety of cells. However, its role in self‐renewal of haematopoietic stem cells is controversial and remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to understand the role of MEK/ERK pathway in ex vivo expansion of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and purified CD34+ cells, both derived from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB). Based on our results, culturing the cells in the presence of an inhibitor of MEK/ERK pathway—PD0325901 (PD)—significantly reduces the expansion of CD34+ and CD34+ CD38− cells, while there is no change in the expression of stemness‐related genes (HOXB4, BMI1). Moreover, in vivo analysis demonstrates that PD reduces engraftment capacity of ex vivo expanded CD34+ cells. Notably, when ERK pathway is blocked in UCB‐MNCs, spontaneous erythroid differentiation is promoted, found in concomitant with increasing number of burst‐forming unit‐erythroid colony (BFU‐E) as well as enhancement of erythroid glycophorin‐A marker. These results are in total conformity with up‐regulation of some erythroid enhancer genes (TAL1, GATA2, LMO2) and down‐regulation of some erythroid repressor genes (JUN, PU1) as well. Taken together, our results support the idea that MEK/ERK pathway has a critical role in achieving the correct balance between self‐renewal and differentiation of UCB cells. Also, we suggest that inhibition of ERK signalling could likely be a new key for erythroid induction of UCB‐haematopoietic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Zarrabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Afzal
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Animal Core Facility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohammad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aboulkheyr Es
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Greaves RB, Dietmann S, Smith A, Stepney S, Halley JD. A conceptual and computational framework for modelling and understanding the non-equilibrium gene regulatory networks of mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005713. [PMID: 28863148 PMCID: PMC5599049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of pluripotent embryonic stem cells to differentiate into any cell type in the body makes them invaluable in the field of regenerative medicine. However, because of the complexity of both the core pluripotency network and the process of cell fate computation it is not yet possible to control the fate of stem cells. We present a theoretical model of stem cell fate computation that is based on Halley and Winkler’s Branching Process Theory (BPT) and on Greaves et al.’s agent-based computer simulation derived from that theoretical model. BPT abstracts the complex production and action of a Transcription Factor (TF) into a single critical branching process that may dissipate, maintain, or become supercritical. Here we take the single TF model and extend it to multiple interacting TFs, and build an agent-based simulation of multiple TFs to investigate the dynamics of such coupled systems. We have developed the simulation and the theoretical model together, in an iterative manner, with the aim of obtaining a deeper understanding of stem cell fate computation, in order to influence experimental efforts, which may in turn influence the outcome of cellular differentiation. The model used is an example of self-organization and could be more widely applicable to the modelling of other complex systems. The simulation based on this model, though currently limited in scope in terms of the biology it represents, supports the utility of the Halley and Winkler branching process model in describing the behaviour of stem cell gene regulatory networks. Our simulation demonstrates three key features: (i) the existence of a critical value of the branching process parameter, dependent on the details of the cistrome in question; (ii) the ability of an active cistrome to “ignite” an otherwise fully dissipated cistrome, and drive it to criticality; (iii) how coupling cistromes together can reduce their critical branching parameter values needed to drive them to criticality. Pluripotent stem cells possess the capacity both to renew themselves indefinitely and to differentiate to any cell type in the body. Thus the ability to direct stem cell differentiation would have immense potential in regenerative medicine. There is a massive amount of biological data relevant to stem cells; here we exploit data relating to stem cell differentiation to help understand cell behaviour and complexity. These cells contain a dynamic, non-equilibrium network of genes regulated in part by transcription factors expressed by the network itself. Here we take an existing theoretical framework, Transcription Factor Branching Processes, which explains how these genetic networks can have critical behaviour, and can tip between low and full expression. We use this theory as the basis for the design and implementation of a computational simulation platform, which we then use to run a variety of simulation experiments, to gain a better understanding how these various transcription factors can combine, interact, and influence each other. The simulation parameters are derived from experimental data relating to the core factors in pluripotent stem cell differentiation. The simulation results determine the critical values of branching process parameters, and how these are modulated by the various interacting transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Greaves
- York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Stepney
- York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Julianne D. Halley
- York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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30
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Sherry-Lynes MM, Sengupta S, Kulkarni S, Cochran BH. Regulation of the JMJD3 (KDM6B) histone demethylase in glioblastoma stem cells by STAT3. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174775. [PMID: 28384648 PMCID: PMC5383422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth factor and cytokine regulated transcription factor STAT3 is required for the self-renewal of several stem cell types including tumor stem cells from glioblastoma. Here we show that STAT3 inhibition leads to the upregulation of the histone H3K27me2/3 demethylase Jmjd3 (KDM6B), which can reverse polycomb complex-mediated repression of tissue specific genes. STAT3 binds to the Jmjd3 promoter, suggesting that Jmjd3 is a direct target of STAT3. Overexpression of Jmjd3 slows glioblastoma stem cell growth and neurosphere formation, whereas knockdown of Jmjd3 rescues the STAT3 inhibitor-induced neurosphere formation defect. Consistent with this observation, STAT3 inhibition leads to histone H3K27 demethylation of neural differentiation genes, such as Myt1, FGF21, and GDF15. These results demonstrate that the regulation of Jmjd3 by STAT3 maintains repression of differentiation specific genes and is therefore important for the maintenance of self-renewal of normal neural and glioblastoma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen M. Sherry-Lynes
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Dept. of Developmental,Molecular, and Chemical Biology Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sejuti Sengupta
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Dept. of Developmental,Molecular, and Chemical Biology Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Shreya Kulkarni
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Dept. of Developmental,Molecular, and Chemical Biology Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Brent H. Cochran
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Dept. of Developmental,Molecular, and Chemical Biology Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, MA, United States of America
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31
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Fütterer A, de Celis J, Navajas R, Almonacid L, Gutiérrez J, Talavera-Gutiérrez A, Pacios-Bras C, Bernascone I, Martin-Belmonte F, Martinéz-A C. DIDO as a Switchboard that Regulates Self-Renewal and Differentiation in Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1062-1075. [PMID: 28330622 PMCID: PMC5390109 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition from symmetric to asymmetric cell division requires precise coordination of differential gene expression. We show that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) mainly express DIDO3 and that their differentiation after leukemia inhibitory factor withdrawal requires DIDO1 expression. C-terminal truncation of DIDO3 (Dido3ΔCT) impedes ESC differentiation while retaining self-renewal; small hairpin RNA-Dido1 ESCs have the same phenotype. Dido3ΔCT ESC differentiation is rescued by ectopic expression of DIDO3, which binds the Dido locus via H3K4me3 and RNA POL II and induces DIDO1 expression. DIDO1, which is exported to cytoplasm, associates with, and is N-terminally phosphorylated by PKCiota. It binds the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2, which contributes to cell fate by OCT4 degradation, to allow expression of primitive endoderm (PE) markers. PE formation also depends on phosphorylated DIDO3 localization to centrosomes, which ensures their correct positioning for PE cell polarization. We propose that DIDO isoforms act as a switchboard that regulates genetic programs for ESC transition from pluripotency maintenance to promotion of differentiation. DIDO3 regulates DIDO1 expression Cytoplasmic DIDO1 promotes cell fate DIDO3 regulates centrosome position DIDO1 and DIDO3 are phosphorylated by PKCiota
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Fütterer
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jésus de Celis
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosana Navajas
- Proteomics Unit, ProteoRed ISCIII, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Almonacid
- Genomics Unit, Q-PCR Facility, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Gutiérrez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Talavera-Gutiérrez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Pacios-Bras
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilenia Bernascone
- Department of Development and Differentiation, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martin-Belmonte
- Department of Development and Differentiation, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martinéz-A
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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32
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Xin J, Zhang Z, Su X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yang R. Epigenetic Component p66a Modulates Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Modifying STAT3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2712-2720. [PMID: 28193828 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 plays a critical role in myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation and activation. Most studies have probed underlying mechanisms of STAT3 activation. However, epigenetic events involved in STAT3 activation are poorly understood. In this study, we identified several epigenetic-associated proteins such as p66a (Gatad2a), a novel protein transcriptional repressor that might interact with STAT3 in functional MDSCs, by using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. p66a could regulate the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of STAT3. Silencing p66a promoted not only phosphorylation but also K63 ubiquitination of STAT3 in the activated MDSCs. Interestingly, p66a expression was significantly suppressed by IL-6 both in vitro and in vivo during MDSC activation, suggesting that p66a is involved in IL-6-mediated differentiation of MDSCs. Indeed, silencing p66a could promote MDSC accumulation, differentiation, and activation. Tumors in mice injected with p66a small interfering RNA-transfected MDSCs also grew faster, whereas tumors in mice injected with p66a-transfected MDSCs were smaller as compared with the control. Thus, our data demonstrate that p66a may physically interact with STAT3 to suppress its activity through posttranslational modification, which reveals a novel regulatory mechanism controlling STAT3 activation during myeloid cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; and.,Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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33
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Fagnocchi L, Zippo A. Multiple Roles of MYC in Integrating Regulatory Networks of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:7. [PMID: 28217689 PMCID: PMC5289991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are defined by their self-renewal potential, which permits their unlimited propagation, and their pluripotency, being able to generate cell of the three embryonic lineages. These properties render PSCs a valuable tool for both basic and medical research. To induce and stabilize the pluripotent state, complex circuitries involving signaling pathways, transcription regulators and epigenetic mechanisms converge on a core transcriptional regulatory network of PSCs, thus determining their cell identity. Among the transcription factors, MYC represents a central hub, which modulates and integrates multiple mechanisms involved both in the maintenance of pluripotency and in cell reprogramming. Indeed, it instructs the PSC-specific cell cycle, metabolism and epigenetic landscape, contributes to limit exit from pluripotency and modulates signaling cascades affecting the PSC identity. Moreover, MYC extends its regulation on pluripotency by controlling PSC-specific non-coding RNAs. In this report, we review the MYC-controlled networks, which support the pluripotent state and discuss how their perturbation could affect cell identity. We further discuss recent finding demonstrating a central role of MYC in triggering epigenetic memory in PSCs, which depends on the establishment of a WNT-centered self-reinforcing circuit. Finally, we comment on the therapeutic implications of the role of MYC in affecting PSCs. Indeed, PSCs are used for both disease and cancer modeling and to derive cells for regenerative medicine. For these reasons, unraveling the MYC-mediated mechanism in those cells is fundamental to exploit their full potential and to identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Epigenetics, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM)Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan, Italy
| | - Alessio Zippo
- Department of Epigenetics, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM)Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan, Italy
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34
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Yao K, Duan Z, Zhou J, Li L, Zhai F, Dong Y, Wang X, Ma Z, Bian Y, Qi X, Li L. Clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics of type II and type I focal cortical dysplasia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:76415-76422. [PMID: 27811355 PMCID: PMC5363519 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) II and I are major causes for drug-resistant epilepsy. In order to gain insight into the possible correlations between FCD II and FCD I, different clinical characteristics and immunohistochemical expression characteristics in FCD I and II were analyzed. The median age of onset and duration of epilepsy in FCD I and FCD II patients were 2.1 years and 5.3 years vs 2.4 years and 4.5 years. Therefore, the median age of onset and duration of epilepsy were similar in the two groups. Pathological lesions were predominantly located in frontal lobe in FCD II and temporal in FCD I. Significantly more signal abnormalities in FLAIR and T2 images were demonstrated in FCD II than FCD I. The rate of satisfied seizure outcome was relative higher in FCDII patients (95.12%) than that in FCDI group (84.6%). Furthermore, we detected expressions of progenitor cell proteins and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade activation protein in FCDs. Results showed that sex-determiningregion Y-box 2(SOX2), Kruppel-likefactor 4 (KLF4) and phospho-S6 ribosomal proteins (ser240/244 or ser235/236) were expressed in FCDII group but not in FCD I. Overall, this study unveils FCD I and II exhibit distinct clinical and immunohistochemical expression characteristics, revealing different pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yao
- Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China
| | - Zejun Duan
- Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Dong
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Beijing Health Vocational College, Xicheng, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Ma
- Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bian
- Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China
| | - Xueling Qi
- Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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35
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Garg V, Morgani S, Hadjantonakis AK. Capturing Identity and Fate Ex Vivo: Stem Cells from the Mouse Blastocyst. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 120:361-400. [PMID: 27475857 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During mouse preimplantation development, three molecularly, morphologically, and spatially distinct lineages are formed, the embryonic epiblast, the extraembryonic primitive endoderm, and the trophectoderm. Stem cell lines representing each of these lineages have now been derived and can be indefinitely maintained and expanded in culture, providing an unlimited source of material to study the interplay of tissue-specific transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in these fundamental cell fate decisions. Here we outline our current understanding of the derivation, maintenance, and properties of these in vitro stem cell models representing the preimplantation embryonic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Garg
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - S Morgani
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - A-K Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, United States.
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36
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Bienaimé F, Muorah M, Yammine L, Burtin M, Nguyen C, Baron W, Garbay S, Viau A, Broueilh M, Blanc T, Peters D, Poli V, Anglicheau D, Friedlander G, Pontoglio M, Gallazzini M, Terzi F. Stat3 Controls Tubulointerstitial Communication during CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3690-3705. [PMID: 27153926 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015091014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In CKD, tubular cells may be involved in the induction of interstitial fibrosis, which in turn, leads to loss of renal function. However, the molecular mechanisms that link tubular cells to the interstitial compartment are not clear. Activation of the Stat3 transcription factor has been reported in tubular cells after renal damage, and Stat3 has been implicated in CKD progression. Here, we combined an experimental model of nephron reduction in mice from different genetic backgrounds and genetically modified animals with in silico and in vitro experiments to determine whether the selective activation of Stat3 in tubular cells is involved in the development of interstitial fibrosis. Nephron reduction caused Stat3 phosphorylation in tubular cells of lesion-prone mice but not in resistant mice. Furthermore, specific deletion of Stat3 in tubular cells significantly reduced the extent of interstitial fibrosis, which correlated with reduced fibroblast proliferation and matrix synthesis, after nephron reduction. Mechanistically, in vitro tubular Stat3 activation triggered the expression of a specific subset of paracrine profibrotic factors, including Lcn2, Pdgfb, and Timp1. Together, our results provide a molecular link between tubular and interstitial cells during CKD progression and identify Stat3 as a central regulator of this link and a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bienaimé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, and
| | - Mordi Muorah
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Lucie Yammine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Martine Burtin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Clément Nguyen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Willian Baron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Serge Garbay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Viau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Mélanie Broueilh
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Thomas Blanc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Dorien Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino University, Turin, Italy
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling.,Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Friedlander
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, and
| | - Marco Pontoglio
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Morgan Gallazzini
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Growth and Signaling,
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37
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Jaeger PA, Lucin KM, Britschgi M, Vardarajan B, Huang RP, Kirby ED, Abbey R, Boeve BF, Boxer AL, Farrer LA, Finch N, Graff-Radford NR, Head E, Hofree M, Huang R, Johns H, Karydas A, Knopman DS, Loboda A, Masliah E, Narasimhan R, Petersen RC, Podtelezhnikov A, Pradhan S, Rademakers R, Sun CH, Younkin SG, Miller BL, Ideker T, Wyss-Coray T. Network-driven plasma proteomics expose molecular changes in the Alzheimer's brain. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:31. [PMID: 27112350 PMCID: PMC4845325 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological pathways that significantly contribute to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease are largely unknown and cannot be observed directly. Cognitive symptoms appear only decades after the molecular disease onset, further complicating analyses. As a consequence, molecular research is often restricted to late-stage post-mortem studies of brain tissue. However, the disease process is expected to trigger numerous cellular signaling pathways and modulate the local and systemic environment, and resulting changes in secreted signaling molecules carry information about otherwise inaccessible pathological processes. Results To access this information we probed relative levels of close to 600 secreted signaling proteins from patients’ blood samples using antibody microarrays and mapped disease-specific molecular networks. Using these networks as seeds we then employed independent genome and transcriptome data sets to corroborate potential pathogenic pathways. Conclusions We identified Growth-Differentiation Factor (GDF) signaling as a novel Alzheimer’s disease-relevant pathway supported by in vivo and in vitro follow-up experiments, demonstrating the existence of a highly informative link between cellular pathology and changes in circulatory signaling proteins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0095-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Jaeger
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kurt M Lucin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Present address: Biology Department, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, USA
| | - Markus Britschgi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Present address: Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, NORD DTA, Roche Innovation, Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech, Norcrosse, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Kirby
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachelle Abbey
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Genomics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - NiCole Finch
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matan Hofree
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruochun Huang
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech, Norcrosse, GA, USA
| | - Hudson Johns
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrey Loboda
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ramya Narasimhan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Suraj Pradhan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Chung-Huan Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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38
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Zinc Chloride Transiently Maintains Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by Activating Stat3 Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148994. [PMID: 26910359 PMCID: PMC4765890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of the pluripotency maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cells is important for investigations of early embryo development and for cell replacement therapy, but the mechanism behind pluripotency is still incompletely understood. Recent findings show that zinc, an essential trace element in humans, is critically involved in regulating various signaling pathways and genes expression. However, its role in ES cell fate determination remains to be further explored. Here we showed that 2μM zinc chloride (ZnCl2) transiently maintained mouse ES cell pluripotency in vitro. The cultured mouse ES cells remained undifferentiated under 2μM ZnCl2 treatment in leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) withdrawal, retinoic acid (RA) or embryoid bodies (EBs) differentiation assays. In addition, ZnCl2 increased pluripotency genes expression and inhibited differentiation genes expression. Further mechanistic studies revealed that ZnCl2 transiently activated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling through promoting Stat3 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Stat3 signaling abrogated the effects of ZnCl2 on mouse ES cell pluripotency. Taken together, this study demonstrated a critical role of zinc in the pluripotency maintenance of mouse ES cells, as well as an important regulator of Stat3 signaling.
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39
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Kin K, Chen X, Gonzalez-Garay M, Fakhouri WD. The effect of non-coding DNA variations on P53 and cMYC competitive inhibition at cis-overlapping motifs. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1517-27. [PMID: 26908612 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding DNA variations play a critical role in increasing the risk for development of common complex diseases, and account for the majority of SNPs highly associated with cancer. However, it remains a challenge to identify etiologic variants and to predict their pathological effects on target gene expression for clinical purposes. Cis-overlapping motifs (COMs) are elements of enhancer regions that impact gene expression by enabling competitive binding and switching between transcription factors. Mutations within COMs are especially important when the involved transcription factors have opposing effects on gene regulation, like P53 tumor suppressor and cMYC proto-oncogene. In this study, genome-wide analysis of ChIP-seq data from human cancer and mouse embryonic cells identified a significant number of putative regulatory elements with signals for both P53 and cMYC. Each co-occupied element contains, on average, two COMs, and one common SNP every two COMs. Gene ontology of predicted target genes for COMs showed that the majority are involved in DNA damage, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and RNA processing. EMSA results showed that both cMYC and P53 bind to cis-overlapping motifs within a ChIP-seq co-occupied region in Chr12. In vitro functional analysis of selected co-occupied elements verified enhancer activity, and also showed that the occurrence of SNPs within three COMs significantly altered enhancer activity. We identified a list of COM-associated functional SNPs that are in close proximity to SNPs associated with common diseases in large population studies. These results suggest a potential molecular mechanism to identify etiologic regulatory mutations associated with common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kin
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA and
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA and
| | - Manuel Gonzalez-Garay
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA and
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40
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Zhang W, Qu X, Chen B, Snyder M, Wang M, Li B, Tang Y, Chen H, Zhu W, Zhan L, Yin N, Li D, Xie L, Liu Y, Zhang JJ, Fu XY, Rubart M, Song LS, Huang XY, Shou W. Critical Roles of STAT3 in β-Adrenergic Functions in the Heart. Circulation 2016; 133:48-61. [PMID: 26628621 PMCID: PMC4698100 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.017472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Adrenergic receptors (βARs) play paradoxical roles in the heart. On one hand, βARs augment cardiac performance to fulfill the physiological demands, but on the other hand, prolonged activations of βARs exert deleterious effects that result in heart failure. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a dynamic role in integrating multiple cytokine signaling pathways in a number of tissues. Altered activation of STAT3 has been observed in failing hearts in both human patients and animal models. Our objective is to determine the potential regulatory roles of STAT3 in cardiac βAR-mediated signaling and function. METHODS AND RESULTS We observed that STAT3 can be directly activated in cardiomyocytes by β-adrenergic agonists. To follow up this finding, we analyzed βAR function in cardiomyocyte-restricted STAT3 knockouts and discovered that the conditional loss of STAT3 in cardiomyocytes markedly reduced the cardiac contractile response to acute βAR stimulation, and caused disengagement of calcium coupling and muscle contraction. Under chronic β-adrenergic stimulation, Stat3cKO hearts exhibited pronounced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cell death, and subsequent cardiac fibrosis. Biochemical and genetic data supported that Gαs and Src kinases are required for βAR-mediated activation of STAT3. Finally, we demonstrated that STAT3 transcriptionally regulates several key components of βAR pathway, including β1AR, protein kinase A, and T-type Ca(2+) channels. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate for the first time that STAT3 has a fundamental role in βAR signaling and functions in the heart. STAT3 serves as a critical transcriptional regulator for βAR-mediated cardiac stress adaption, pathological remodeling, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.).
| | - Xiuxia Qu
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Biyi Chen
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Marylynn Snyder
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Meijing Wang
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Baiyan Li
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Yue Tang
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Hanying Chen
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Li Zhan
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Ni Yin
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Deqiang Li
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Li Xie
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Ying Liu
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - J Jillian Zhang
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Xin-Yuan Fu
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Michael Rubart
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Xin-Yun Huang
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Weinian Shou
- From State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (W. Zhang, X.Q., Y.T., W.S.); Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN (W. Zhang, B.L., H.C., W. Zhu, L.Z., N.Y., D.L., L.X., Y.L., M.R., W.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.C., L.-S.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY (M.S., J.J.Z., X.-Y.H.); Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.W.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (B.L.); Department of Heart Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (N.Y., L.X.); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (X.-Y.F.).
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Ravens S, Yu C, Ye T, Stierle M, Tora L. Tip60 complex binds to active Pol II promoters and a subset of enhancers and co-regulates the c-Myc network in mouse embryonic stem cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2015; 8:45. [PMID: 26550034 PMCID: PMC4636812 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-015-0039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tip60 (KAT5) is the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) of the mammalian Tip60/NuA4 complex. While Tip60 is important for early mouse development and mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) pluripotency, the function of Tip60 as reflected in a genome-wide context is not yet well understood. Results Gel filtration of nuclear mESCs extracts indicate incorporation of Tip60 into large molecular complexes and exclude the existence of large quantities of “free” Tip60 within the nuclei of ESCs. Thus, monitoring of Tip60 binding to the genome should reflect the behaviour of Tip60-containing complexes. The genome-wide mapping of Tip60 binding in mESCs by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) shows that the Tip60 complex is present at promoter regions of predominantly active genes that are bound by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and contain the H3K4me3 histone mark. The coactivator HAT complexes, Tip60- and Mof (KAT8)-containing (NSL and MSL), show a global overlap at promoters, whereas distinct binding profiles at enhancers suggest different regulatory functions of each essential HAT complex. Interestingly, Tip60 enrichment peaks at about 200 bp downstream of the transcription start sites suggesting a function for the Tip60 complexes in addition to histone acetylation. The comparison of genome-wide binding profiles of Tip60 and c-Myc, a somatic cell reprogramming factor that binds predominantly to active genes in mESCs, demonstrate that Tip60 and c-Myc co-bind at 50–60 % of their binding sites. We also show that the Tip60 complex binds to a subset of bivalent developmental genes and defines a set of mESC-specific enhancer as well as super-enhancer regions. Conclusions Our study suggests that the Tip60 complex functions as a global transcriptional co-activator at most active Pol II promoters, co-regulates the ESC-specific c-Myc network, important for ESC self-renewal and cell metabolism and acts at a subset of active distal regulatory elements, or super enhancers, in mESCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-015-0039-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Ravens
- Cellular Signalling and Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), BP 10142, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, CU de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Changwei Yu
- Cellular Signalling and Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), BP 10142, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, CU de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Tao Ye
- Microarrays and Deep Sequencing Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, UdS, BP 10142, CU de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Stierle
- Cellular Signalling and Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), BP 10142, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, CU de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Laszlo Tora
- Cellular Signalling and Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), BP 10142, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, CU de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
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Hadjimichael C, Chanoumidou K, Papadopoulou N, Arampatzi P, Papamatheakis J, Kretsovali A. Common stemness regulators of embryonic and cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1150-1184. [PMID: 26516408 PMCID: PMC4620423 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i9.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells is regulated by a well characterized gene transcription circuitry. The circuitry is assembled by ESC specific transcription factors, signal transducing molecules and epigenetic regulators. Growing understanding of stem-like cells, albeit of more complex phenotypes, present in tumors (cancer stem cells), provides a common conceptual and research framework for basic and applied stem cell biology. In this review, we highlight current results on biomarkers, gene signatures, signaling pathways and epigenetic regulators that are common in embryonic and cancer stem cells. We discuss their role in determining the cell phenotype and finally, their potential use to design next generation biological and pharmaceutical approaches for regenerative medicine and cancer therapies.
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Wu Y, Chen K, Liu X, Huang L, Zhao D, Li L, Gao M, Pei D, Wang C, Liu X. Srebp-1 Interacts with c-Myc to Enhance Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Stem Cells 2015; 34:83-92. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Keshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Danyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Linpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Peking Union Medical College, Program of Radiation Protection & Drug Discovery; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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Hirai H, Firpo M, Kikyo N. Establishment of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-independent iPS cells with potentiated Oct4. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:469-480. [PMID: 26413786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is widely used to establish and maintain naïve pluripotent stem cells, including mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Although the combination of chemical inhibitors called 2i can establish mouse iPSCs without LIF from primed pluripotent stem cells, it has been difficult, if not impossible, to establish mouse iPSCs from differentiated somatic cells without LIF. We previously showed that the fusion gene of the transactivation domain of MyoD and the full-length Oct4 (M3O) increases the efficiency of making iPSCs when transduced into fibroblasts along with Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (M3O-SKM). Here, we report that M3O-SKM allows for establishment of iPSCs without exogenous LIF from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The established iPSCs remained undifferentiated and maintained pluripotency over 90 days without LIF as long as M3O was expressed. The iPSCs upregulated miR-205-5p, which was potentially involved in the LIF-independence by suppressing the two signaling pathways inhibited by 2i. The result indicates that potentiated Oct4 can substitute for the LIF signaling pathway, providing a novel model to link Oct4 and LIF, two of the most significant players in naïve pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hirai
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Meri Firpo
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Nobuaki Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Measles Virus Infection Inactivates Cellular Protein Phosphatase 5 with Consequent Suppression of Sp1 and c-Myc Activities. J Virol 2015; 89:9709-18. [PMID: 26157124 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00825-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Measles virus (MeV) causes several unique syndromes, including transient immunosuppression. To clarify the cellular responses to MeV infection, we previously analyzed a MeV-infected epithelial cell line and a lymphoid cell line by microarray and showed that the expression of numerous genes was up- or downregulated in the epithelial cells. In particular, there was a characteristic comprehensive downregulation of housekeeping genes during late stage infection. To identify the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we examined the phosphorylation status of transcription factors and kinase/phosphatase activities in epithelial cells after infection. MeV infection inactivated cellular protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) that consequently inactivated DNA-dependent protein kinase, which reduced Sp1 phosphorylation levels, and c-Myc degradation, both of which downregulated the expression of many housekeeping genes. In addition, intracellular accumulation of viral nucleocapsid inactivated PP5 and subsequent downstream responses. These findings demonstrate a novel strategy of MeV during infection, which causes the collapse of host cellular functions. IMPORTANCE Measles virus (MeV) is one of the most important pathogens in humans. We previously showed that MeV infection induces the comprehensive downregulation of housekeeping genes in epithelial cells. By examining this phenomenon, we clarified the molecular mechanism underlying the constitutive expression of housekeeping genes in cells, which is maintained by cellular protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) and DNA-dependent protein kinase. We also demonstrated that MeV targets PP5 for downregulation in epithelial cells. This is the first report to show how MeV infection triggers a reduction in overall cellular functions of infected host cells. Our findings will help uncover unique pathogenicities caused by MeV.
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Han Z, Wang X, Ma L, Chen L, Xiao M, Huang L, Cao Y, Bai J, Ma D, Zhou J, Hong Z. Inhibition of STAT3 signaling targets both tumor-initiating and differentiated cell populations in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8416-28. [PMID: 25261365 PMCID: PMC4226693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite of tremendous research efforts to profile prostate cancer, the genetic alterations and biological processes that correlate with disease progression remain partially elusive. In this study we show that the STAT3 small molecule inhibitor Stattic caused S-phase accumulation at low-dose levels and led to massive apoptosis at a relatively high-dose level in prostate cancer cells. STAT3 knockdown led to the disruption of the microvascular niche which tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and non-tumor initiating cells (non-TICs)depend on. Primary human prostate cancer cells and prostate cancer cell line contained high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHhigh) subpopulations with stem cell-like characteristics, which expressed higher levels of the active phosphorylated form of STAT3 (pSTAT3) than that of non-ALDHhigh subpopulations. Stattic could singnificantly decreas the population of ALDHhigh prostate cancer cells even at low-dose levels. IL-6 can convert non-ALDHhigh cells to ALDHhigh cells in prostate cancer cell line as well as from cells derived from human prostate tumors, the conversion mediated by IL-6 was abrogated in the presence of STAT3 inhibitor or upon STAT3 knockdown. STAT3 knockdown significantly impaired the ability of prostate cancer cells to initiate development of prostate adenocarcinoma. Moreover, blockade of STAT3 signaling was significantly effective in eradicating the tumor-initiating and bulk tumor cancer cell populations in both prostate cancer cell-line xenograft model and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models. This data suggests that targeting both tumor initiating and differentiated cell populations by STAT3 inhibition is predicted to have greater efficacy for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Han
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Liang Huang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Bai
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenya Hong
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yang CM, Chiba T, Brill B, Delis N, von Manstein V, Vafaizadeh V, Oellerich T, Groner B. Expression of the miR-302/367 cluster in glioblastoma cells suppresses tumorigenic gene expression patterns and abolishes transformation related phenotypes. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2296-309. [PMID: 25991553 PMCID: PMC4744715 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellular transformation is initiated by the activation of oncogenes and a closely associated developmental reprogramming of the epigenetic landscape. Transcription factors, regulators of chromatin states and microRNAs influence cell fates in development and stabilize the phenotypes of normal, differentiated cells and of cancer cells. The miR‐302/367 cluster, predominantly expressed in human embryonic stem cells (hESs), can promote the cellular reprogramming of human and mouse cells and contribute to the generation of iPSC. We have used the epigenetic reprogramming potential of the miR‐302/367 cluster to “de‐program” tumor cells, that is, hift their gene expression pattern towards an alternative program associated with more benign cellular phenotypes. Induction of the miR‐302/367 cluster in extensively mutated U87MG glioblastoma cells drastically suppressed the expression of transformation related proteins, for example, the reprogramming factors OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and c‐MYC, and the transcription factors POU3F2, SALL2 and OLIG2, required for the maintenance of glioblastoma stem‐like tumor propagating cells. It also diminished PI3K/AKT and STAT3 signaling, impeded colony formation in soft agar and cell migration and suppressed pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion. At the same time, the miR‐302/367 cluster restored the expression of neuronal markers of differentiation. Most notably, miR‐302/367 cluster expressing cells lose their ability to form tumors and to establish liver metastasis in nude mice. The induction of the miR‐302/367 cluster in U87MG glioblastoma cells suppresses the expression of multiple transformation related genes, abolishes the tumor and metastasis formation potential of these cells and can potentially become a new approach for cancer therapy. What's new? The transformation of normal cells into malignant cells shares many similarities with the reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent cells, raising the possibility that reprogramming factors may be used to counteract cellular transformation. This study demonstrates that reversion of transformation and normalization of cellular properties can be achieved in highly‐aberrant glioblastoma cells through the expression of the miR‐302/367 cluster. miR‐302/367 drastically changes the gene expression pattern and abolishes transformation‐related phenotypes in a coordinated fashion. miR‐302/367 prevents tumor and metastasis formation and restores features of neuronal differentiation. Such “deprogramming” of tumor cells could potentially become a new concept for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Min Yang
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt Am Main, D-60596, Germany
| | - Tomohiro Chiba
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-08-611, Japan
| | - Boris Brill
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt Am Main, D-60596, Germany
| | - Natalia Delis
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt Am Main, D-60596, Germany
| | - Viktoria von Manstein
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt Am Main, D-60596, Germany
| | - Vida Vafaizadeh
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt Am Main, D-60596, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, D-60590, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Bernd Groner
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt Am Main, D-60596, Germany
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Thakur R, Trivedi R, Rastogi N, Singh M, Mishra DP. Inhibition of STAT3, FAK and Src mediated signaling reduces cancer stem cell load, tumorigenic potential and metastasis in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10194. [PMID: 25973915 PMCID: PMC4431480 DOI: 10.1038/srep10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for aggressive tumor growth, metastasis and therapy resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Shikonin (Shk) on breast cancer and found its anti-CSC potential. Shk treatment decreased the expression of various epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and CSC associated markers. Kinase profiling array and western blot analysis indicated that Shk inhibits STAT3, FAK and Src activation. Inhibition of these signaling proteins using standard inhibitors revealed that STAT3 inhibition affected CSCs properties more significantly than FAK or Src inhibition. We observed a significant decrease in cell migration upon FAK and Src inhibition and decrease in invasion upon inhibition of STAT3, FAK and Src. Combined inhibition of STAT3 with Src or FAK reduced the mammosphere formation, migration and invasion more significantly than the individual inhibitions. These observations indicated that the anti-breast cancer properties of Shk are due to its potential to inhibit multiple signaling proteins. Shk also reduced the activation and expression of STAT3, FAK and Src in vivo and reduced tumorigenicity, growth and metastasis of 4T1 cells. Collectively, this study underscores the translational relevance of using a single inhibitor (Shk) for compromising multiple tumor-associated signaling pathways to check cancer metastasis and stem cell load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Thakur
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, INDIA
| | - Rachana Trivedi
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, INDIA
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, INDIA
| | - Manisha Singh
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, INDIA
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, INDIA
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Neri F, Incarnato D, Krepelova A, Dettori D, Rapelli S, Maldotti M, Parlato C, Anselmi F, Galvagni F, Oliviero S. TET1 is controlled by pluripotency-associated factors in ESCs and downmodulated by PRC2 in differentiated cells and tissues. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:6814-26. [PMID: 25925565 PMCID: PMC4538807 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) genes encode for a family of hydroxymethylase enzymes involved in regulating DNA methylation dynamics. Tet1 is highly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) where it plays a critical role the pluripotency maintenance. Tet1 is also involved in cell reprogramming events and in cancer progression. Although the functional role of Tet1 has been largely studied, its regulation is poorly understood. Here we show that Tet1 gene is regulated, both in mouse and human ESCs, by the stemness specific factors Oct3/4, Nanog and by Myc. Thus Tet1 is integrated in the pluripotency transcriptional network of ESCs. We found that Tet1 is switched off by cell proliferation in adult cells and tissues with a consequent genome-wide reduction of 5hmC, which is more evident in hypermethylated regions and promoters. Tet1 downmodulation is mediated by the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) through H3K27me3 histone mark deposition. This study expands the knowledge about Tet1 involvement in stemness circuits in ESCs and provides evidence for a transcriptional relationship between Tet1 and PRC2 in adult proliferating cells improving our understanding of the crosstalk between the epigenetic events mediated by these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Neri
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Danny Incarnato
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, Torino, 10126, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Krepelova
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Daniela Dettori
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapelli
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, Torino, 10126, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Maldotti
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Caterina Parlato
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Francesca Anselmi
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, Torino, 10126, Italy Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Huang G, Ye S, Zhou X, Liu D, Ying QL. Molecular basis of embryonic stem cell self-renewal: from signaling pathways to pluripotency network. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1741-57. [PMID: 25595304 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be maintained in culture indefinitely while retaining the capacity to generate any type of cell in the body, and therefore not only hold great promise for tissue repair and regeneration, but also provide a powerful tool for modeling human disease and understanding biological development. In order to fulfill the full potential of ESCs, it is critical to understand how ESC fate, whether to self-renew or to differentiate into specialized cells, is regulated. On the molecular level, ESC fate is controlled by the intracellular transcriptional regulatory networks that respond to various extrinsic signaling stimuli. In this review, we discuss and compare important signaling pathways in the self-renewal and differentiation of mouse, rat, and human ESCs with an emphasis on how these pathways integrate into ESC-specific transcription circuitries. This will be beneficial for understanding the common and conserved mechanisms that govern self-renewal, and for developing novel culture conditions that support ESC derivation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Huang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
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