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Rother F, Depping R, Popova E, Huegel S, Heiler A, Hartmann E, Bader M. Karyopherin α2 is a maternal effect gene required for early embryonic development and female fertility in mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23623. [PMID: 38656660 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301572rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear transport of proteins plays an important role in mediating the transition from egg to embryo and distinct karyopherins have been implicated in this process. Here, we studied the impact of KPNA2 deficiency on preimplantation embryo development in mice. Loss of KPNA2 results in complete arrest at the 2cell stage and embryos exhibit the inability to activate their embryonic genome as well as a severely disturbed nuclear translocation of Nucleoplasmin 2. Our findings define KPNA2 as a new maternal effect gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rother
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Elena Popova
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Huegel
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ariane Heiler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enno Hartmann
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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de la Rosa S, del Mar Rigual M, Vargiu P, Ortega S, Djouder N. Endogenous retroviruses shape pluripotency specification in mouse embryos. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk9394. [PMID: 38266080 PMCID: PMC10807815 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk9394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The smooth and precise transition from totipotency to pluripotency is a key process in embryonic development, generating pluripotent stem cells capable of forming all cell types. While endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are essential for early development, their precise roles in this transition remains mysterious. Using cutting-edge genetic and biochemical techniques in mice, we identify MERVL-gag, a retroviral protein, as a crucial modulator of pluripotent factors OCT4 and SOX2 during lineage specification. MERVL-gag tightly operates with URI, a prefoldin protein that concurs with pluripotency bias in mouse blastomeres, and which is indeed required for totipotency-to-pluripotency transition. Accordingly, URI loss promotes a stable totipotent-like state and embryo arrest at 2C stage. Mechanistically, URI binds and shields OCT4 and SOX2 from proteasome degradation, while MERVL-gag displaces URI from pluripotent factor interaction, causing their degradation. Our findings reveal the symbiotic coevolution of ERVs with their host cells to ensure the smooth and timely progression of early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio de la Rosa
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María del Mar Rigual
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pierfrancesco Vargiu
- Mouse Genome Editing Core Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Mouse Genome Editing Core Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
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3
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Takada Y, Fierro L, Sato K, Sanada T, Ishii A, Yamamoto T, Kotani T. Mature mRNA processing that deletes 3' end sequences directs translational activation and embryonic development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6532. [PMID: 38000026 PMCID: PMC10672166 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Eggs accumulate thousands of translationally repressed mRNAs that are translated into proteins after fertilization to direct diverse developmental processes. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the translation of stored mRNAs after fertilization remain unclear. Here, we report a previously unknown RNA processing of 3' end sequences of mature mRNAs that activates the translation of stored mRNAs. Specifically, 9 to 72 nucleotides at the 3' ends of zebrafish pou5f3 and mouse Pou5f1 mRNAs were deleted in the early stages of development. Reporter assays illustrated the effective translation of the truncated forms of mRNAs. Moreover, promotion and inhibition of the shortening of 3' ends accelerated and attenuated Pou5f3 accumulation, respectively, resulting in defective development. Identification of proteins binding to unprocessed and/or processed mRNAs revealed that mRNA shortening acts as molecular switches. Comprehensive analysis revealed that >250 mRNAs underwent this processing. Therefore, our results provide a molecular principle that triggers the translational activation and directs development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takada
- Biosystems Science Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ludivine Fierro
- Biosystems Science Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sato
- Biosystems Science Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sanada
- Biosystems Science Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Anna Ishii
- Biosystems Science Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kotani
- Biosystems Science Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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4
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Kumari P, Thuestad L, Ciosk R. Post-transcriptional repression of CFP-1 expands the regulatory repertoire of LIN-41/TRIM71. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10668-10680. [PMID: 37670562 PMCID: PMC10602926 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans LIN-41/TRIM71 is a well-studied example of a versatile regulator of mRNA fate, which plays different biological functions involving distinct post-transcriptional mechanisms. In the soma, LIN-41 determines the timing of developmental transitions between larval stages. The somatic LIN-41 recognizes specific mRNAs via LREs (LIN-41 Recognition Elements) and elicits either mRNA decay or translational repression. In the germline, LIN-41 controls the oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET), although the relevant targets and regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. The germline LIN-41 was suggested to regulate mRNAs indirectly by associating with another RNA-binding protein. We show here that LIN-41 can also regulate germline mRNAs via the LREs. Through a computational-experimental analysis, we identified the germline mRNAs potentially controlled via LREs and validated one target, the cfp-1 mRNA, encoding a conserved chromatin modifier. Our analysis suggests that cfp-1 may be a long-sought target whose LIN-41-mediated regulation during OET facilitates the transcriptional reprogramming underlying the switch from germ- to somatic cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kumari
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | | | - Rafal Ciosk
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
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5
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Moradi-Hajidavaloo R, Jafarpour F, Hajian M, Rahimi Andani M, Rouhollahi Varnosfaderani S, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Oct-4 activating compound 1 (OAC1) could improve the quality of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in the bovine. Theriogenology 2023; 198:75-86. [PMID: 36565671 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies described aberrant nuclear reprogramming in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos that is distinctly different from fertilized embryos. This abnormal nuclear reprogramming hampers the proper pre- and/or post-implantation development. It has been demonstrated that SCNT blastocysts aberrantly expressed POU5F1 and POU5F1-related genes. With regard to this, it has been postulated that promoting the expression of POU5F1 in SCNT embryos may enhance reprogramming in SCNT embryos. In this study, we treated either fibroblast donor cells or SCNT embryos with OAC1 as a novel small molecule that has been reported to induce POU5F1 expression. Quantitative results from the MTS assay revealed that lower concentrations of OAC1 (1, 1.5, and 3 μM) are non-toxic after 2, 4, and 6 days, but higher concentrations (6, 8, 10, and 12 μM) are toxic and reduced the proliferation of cells after 6 days. No enhancement in the expression of endogenous POU5F1 was observed when both mouse and bovine fibroblast cells were treated with 1.5 and 3 μM OAC1 for up to 6 consecutive days. Subsequently, we treated either fibroblast as donor cells in the SCNT procedure (BFF-OAC1 group) or SCNT embryos [for 4 days (IVC-OAC1: D4-D7 group) or 7 days (IVC-OAC1: D0-D7 group)] with 1.5 μM OAC1. We observed that neither treatment of fibroblast donor cells nor SCNT embryos improved the cleavage and blastocyst rates. Interestingly, we observed that treatment of SCNT embryos all throughout the in vitro culture (IVC) (IVC-OAC1: D0-D7) with 1.5 μM OAC1 improves the quality of derived blastocyst which was indexed by morphological grading, blastomere allocation, epigenetic marks and mRNA expression of target genes. In conclusion, our results showed that supplementation of IVC medium with 1.5 μM OAC1 (D0-D7) accelerates SCNT reprogramming in bovine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Moradi-Hajidavaloo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rahimi Andani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Rouhollahi Varnosfaderani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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Cui G, Xu Y, Cao S, Shi K. Inducing somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells is an important platform to study the mechanism of early embryonic development. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:70-85. [PMID: 35075695 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The early embryonic development starts with the totipotent zygote upon fertilization of differentiated sperm and egg, which undergoes a range of reprogramming and transformation to acquire pluripotency. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), a nonclonal technique to produce stem cells, are originated from differentiated somatic cells via accomplishment of cell reprogramming, which shares common reprogramming process with early embryonic development. iPSCs are attractive in recent years due to the potentially significant applications in disease modeling, potential value in genetic improvement of husbandry animal, regenerative medicine, and drug screening. This review focuses on introducing the research advance of both somatic cell reprogramming and early embryonic development, indicating that the mechanisms of iPSCs also shares common features with that of early embryonic development in several aspects, such as germ cell factors, DNA methylation, histone modification, and/or X chromosome inactivation. As iPSCs can successfully avoid ethical concerns that are naturally present in the embryos and/or embryonic stem cells, the practicality of somatic cell reprogramming (iPSCs) could provide an insightful platform to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guina Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyuan Cao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Kerong Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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7
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Wang J, Liu X, Yang J, Guo H, Li J, Huo L, Zhao H, Wang X, Yan X, Li B, Sun Y. Effects of small-molecule compounds on fibroblast properties in golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana). J Med Primatol 2021; 50:323-331. [PMID: 34664268 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is an endangered primate species, whose molecular material for conservation purposes has not yet been maintained. Although small-molecule compounds (SMCs) have been reported to improve induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), their efficiency in the interspecies-transferred nucleus is still unknown. METHODS We thus used the fibroblasts from the golden snub-nosed monkey treated with SMC as donor cells, injected into the enucleated oocytes of goats, to test such efficiency. Gene expression profiles in the cell-constructed embryos with and without SMCs were compared by qPCR. RESULTS The results show that cell morphology undergoes remarkable changes (volume is smaller than normal cells, and many black spots in the cytoplasm were found); pluripotent genes (Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog) significantly increased with SMC treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that SMCs alter the properties of donor cells and promote the expression of pluripotent genes in hybrid embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanxing Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- The school of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihui Huo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Northwest Institute of Endangered Zoology Species, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Northwest Institute of Endangered Zoology Species, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingrong Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science, Kumming, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Building Pluripotency Identity in the Early Embryo and Derived Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082049. [PMID: 34440818 PMCID: PMC8391114 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion of two highly differentiated cells, an oocyte with a spermatozoon, gives rise to the zygote, a single totipotent cell, which has the capability to develop into a complete, fully functional organism. Then, as development proceeds, a series of programmed cell divisions occur whereby the arising cells progressively acquire their own cellular and molecular identity, and totipotency narrows until when pluripotency is achieved. The path towards pluripotency involves transcriptome modulation, remodeling of the chromatin epigenetic landscape to which external modulators contribute. Both human and mouse embryos are a source of different types of pluripotent stem cells whose characteristics can be captured and maintained in vitro. The main aim of this review is to address the cellular properties and the molecular signature of the emerging cells during mouse and human early development, highlighting similarities and differences between the two species and between the embryos and their cognate stem cells.
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9
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Composite morphogenesis during embryo development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 120:119-132. [PMID: 34172395 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenesis drives the formation of functional living shapes. Gene expression patterns and signaling pathways define the body plans of the animal and control the morphogenetic processes shaping the embryonic tissues. During embryogenesis, a tissue can undergo composite morphogenesis resulting from multiple concomitant shape changes. While previous studies have unraveled the mechanisms that drive simple morphogenetic processes, how a tissue can undergo multiple and simultaneous changes in shape is still not known and not much explored. In this chapter, we focus on the process of concomitant tissue folding and extension that is vital for the animal since it is key for embryo gastrulation and neurulation. Recent pioneering studies focus on this problem highlighting the roles of different spatially coordinated cell mechanisms or of the synergy between different patterns of gene expression to drive composite morphogenesis.
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10
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Stamatiadis P, Boel A, Cosemans G, Popovic M, Bekaert B, Guggilla R, Tang M, De Sutter P, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Menten B, Stoop D, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Coucke P, Heindryckx B. Comparative analysis of mouse and human preimplantation development following POU5F1 CRISPR/Cas9 targeting reveals interspecies differences. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1242-1252. [PMID: 33609360 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the role of POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1) in human preimplantation development and how does it compare with the mouse model? SUMMARY ANSWER POU5F1 is required for successful development of mouse and human embryos to the blastocyst stage as knockout embryos exhibited a significantly lower blastocyst formation rate, accompanied by lack of inner cell mass (ICM) formation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated genes (CRISPR-Cas9) has previously been used to examine the role of POU5F1 during human preimplantation development. The reported POU5F1-targeted blastocysts always retained POU5F1 expression in at least one cell, because of incomplete CRISPR-Cas9 editing. The question remains of whether the inability to obtain fully edited POU5F1-targeted blastocysts in human results from incomplete editing or the actual inability of these embryos to reach the blastocyst stage. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The efficiency of CRISPR-Cas9 to induce targeted gene mutations was first optimized in the mouse model. Two CRISPR-Cas9 delivery methods were compared in the B6D2F1 strain: S-phase injection (zygote stage) (n = 135) versus metaphase II-phase (M-phase) injection (oocyte stage) (n = 23). Four control groups were included: non-injected media-control zygotes (n = 43)/oocytes (n = 48); sham-injected zygotes (n = 45)/oocytes (n = 47); Cas9-protein injected zygotes (n = 23); and Cas9 protein and scrambled guide RNA (gRNA)-injected zygotes (n = 27). Immunofluorescence analysis was performed in Pou5f1-targeted zygotes (n = 37), media control zygotes (n = 19), and sham-injected zygotes (n = 15). To assess the capacity of Pou5f1-null embryos to develop further in vitro, additional groups of Pou5f1-targeted zygotes (n = 29) and media control zygotes (n = 30) were cultured to postimplantation stages (8.5 dpf). Aiming to identify differences in developmental capacity of Pou5f1-null embryos attributed to strain variation, zygotes from a second mouse strain-B6CBA (n = 52) were targeted. Overall, the optimized methodology was applied in human oocytes following IVM (metaphase II stage) (n = 101). The control group consisted of intracytoplasmically sperm injected (ICSI) IVM oocytes (n = 33). Immunofluorescence analysis was performed in human CRISPR-injected (n = 10) and media control (n = 9) human embryos. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A gRNA-Cas9 protein mixture targeting exon 2 of Pou5f1/POU5F1 was microinjected in mouse oocytes/zygotes or human IVM oocytes. Reconstructed embryos were cultured for 4 days (mouse) or 6.5 days (human) in sequential culture media. An additional group of mouse-targeted zygotes was cultured to postimplantation stages. Embryonic development was assessed daily, with detailed scoring at late blastocyst stage. Genomic editing was assessed by immunofluorescence analysis and next-generation sequencing. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Genomic analysis in mouse revealed very high editing efficiencies with 95% of the S-Phase and 100% of the M-Phase embryos containing genetic modifications, of which 89.47% in the S-Phase and 84.21% in the M-Phase group were fully edited. The developmental capacity was significantly compromised as only 46.88% embryos in the S-Phase and 19.05% in the M-Phase group reached the blastocyst stage, compared to 86.36% in control M-Phase and 90.24% in control S-Phase groups, respectively. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the loss of Pou5f1 expression and downregulation of the primitive marker SRY-Box transcription factor (Sox17). Our experiments confirmed the requirement of Pou5f1 expression for blastocyst development in the second B6CBA strain. Altogether, our data obtained in mouse reveal that Pou5f1 expression is essential for development to the blastocyst stage. M-Phase injection in human IVM oocytes (n = 101) similarly resulted in 88.37% of the POU5F1-targeted embryos being successfully edited. The developmental capacity of generated embryos was compromised from the eight-cell stage onwards. Only 4.55% of the microinjected embryos reached the late blastocyst stage and the embryos exhibited complete absence of ICM and an irregular trophectoderm cell layer. Loss of POU5F1 expression resulted in absence of SOX17 expression, as in mouse. Interestingly, genetic mosaicism was eliminated in a subset of targeted human embryos (9 out of 38), three of which developed into blastocysts. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION One of the major hurdles of CRISPR-Cas9 germline genome editing is the occurrence of mosaicism, which may complicate phenotypic analysis and interpretation of developmental behavior of the injected embryos. Furthermore, in this study, spare IVM human oocytes were used, which may not recapitulate the developmental behavior of in vivo matured oocytes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Comparison of developmental competency following CRISPR-Cas-mediated gene targeting in mouse and human may be influenced by the selected mouse strain. Gene targeting by CRISPR-Cas9 is subject to variable targeting efficiencies. Therefore, striving to reduce mosaicism can provide novel molecular insights into mouse and human embryogenesis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The research was funded by the Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University and supported by the FWO-Vlaanderen (Flemish fund for scientific research, Grant no. G051516N), and Hercules funding (FWO.HMZ.2016.00.02.01). The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stamatiadis
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Boel
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Cosemans
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Popovic
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Bekaert
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Guggilla
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Tang
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P De Sutter
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Stoop
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - P Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Ravisankar S, Hanna CB, Brooks KE, Murphy MJ, Redmayne N, Ryu J, Kinchen JM, Chavez SL, Hennebold JD. Metabolomics analysis of follicular fluid coupled with oocyte aspiration reveals importance of glucocorticoids in primate periovulatory follicle competency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6506. [PMID: 33753762 PMCID: PMC7985310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin administration during infertility treatment stimulates the growth and development of multiple ovarian follicles, yielding heterogeneous oocytes with variable capacity for fertilization, cleavage, and blastocyst formation. To determine how the intrafollicular environment affects oocyte competency, 74 individual rhesus macaque follicles were aspirated and the corresponding oocytes classified as failed to cleave, cleaved but arrested prior to blastulation, or those that formed blastocysts following in vitro fertilization. Metabolomics analysis of the follicular fluid (FF) identified 60 unique metabolites that were significantly different between embryo classifications, of which a notable increase in the intrafollicular ratio of cortisol to cortisone was observed in the blastocyst group. Immunolocalization of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, NR3C1) revealed translocation from the cytoplasm to nucleus with oocyte maturation in vitro and, correlation to intrafollicular expression of the 11-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenases that interconvert these glucocorticoids was detected upon an ovulatory stimulus in vivo. While NR3C1 knockdown in oocytes had no effect on their maturation or fertilization, expansion of the associated cumulus granulosa cells was inhibited. Our findings indicate an important role for NR3C1 in the regulation of follicular processes via paracrine signaling. Further studies are required to define the means through which the FF cortisol:cortisone ratio determines oocyte competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Ravisankar
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Carol B Hanna
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Kelsey E Brooks
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Melinda J Murphy
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Nash Redmayne
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Junghyun Ryu
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | - Shawn L Chavez
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA.
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12
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Martínez-Ramírez OC, Salazar-Piña DA, de Lorena RGM, Castro-Hernández C, Casas-Ávila L, Portillo-Jacobo JA, Rubio J. Association of NFκβ, TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and LPL Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Biochemical Parameters in a Mexican Population. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:940-965. [PMID: 33599871 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is strongly related to the etiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), and the expression of inflammatory cytokines may be modulated by polymorphisms located in the regulatory regions of the NFκβ, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and LPL genes. We considered it particularly important to investigate the relationship of gene polymorphisms involved in chronic inflammation with the risk of T2DM or uncontrolled biochemical parameters. METHODS We included 199 individuals with a T2DM diagnosis and 213 individuals without a T2DM diagnosis. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were used to assess polymorphisms. RESULTS We found a risk association between T2DM and uncontrolled biochemical parameters in a Mexican population for the genotypes del/del of NFκβ, -174 and -572 of IL-6, C/C of IL-1β, -308 and -238 of TNFα, and T/T of LPL. In subjects without diabetes (controls), we found an association between the G/C genotype of the -572 polymorphism and the G/C and C/C genotypes of the -597 polymorphism of IL-6 with the risk of glucose levels > 131 mg/dL. Genotype C/C of polymorphism -174 of the IL-6 gene was associated with high triglyceride levels, and levels > 5.8% of HbA1c were associated with the G/A genotype of TNFα -308. CONCLUSION Here, we describe for the first time the relationship of T2DM risk and uncontrolled biochemical parameters with polymorphisms in the NFκβ, IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, and LPL genes in a Mexican population. We also showed that for the population included in this study, there is an additive effect of the polymorphisms of the studied genes that considerably increases the risk of developing T2DM.We also showed that there are interactions between genes related to chronic inflammation that affect the risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Martínez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Río Iztacihuatl S/N. Col. Vista Hermosa, C.P. 62350, Mexico, Mexico.
| | - D A Salazar-Piña
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Río Iztacihuatl S/N. Col. Vista Hermosa, C.P. 62350, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ramos-García M de Lorena
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Río Iztacihuatl S/N. Col. Vista Hermosa, C.P. 62350, Mexico, Mexico
| | - C Castro-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - L Casas-Ávila
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, C.P. 14389, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J A Portillo-Jacobo
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Río Iztacihuatl S/N. Col. Vista Hermosa, C.P. 62350, Mexico, Mexico
| | - J Rubio
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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13
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Suwik K, Sinderewicz E, Boruszewska D, Kowalczyk-Zięba I, Staszkiewicz-Chodor J, Łukaszuk K, Wocławek-Potocka I. mRNA Expression and Role of PPARγ and PPARδ in Bovine Preimplantation Embryos Depending on the Quality and Developmental Stage. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122358. [PMID: 33321737 PMCID: PMC7763280 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The results of the presented study proved that in vitro produced early- and late- cleaved bovine embryos express mRNA of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at all stages of early development (2-, 4-, 16-cell embryo, morula, blastocyst). The expression of PPARδ and PPARγ was correlated with the expression of quality markers in bovine blastocysts [sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8), insulin-like growth receptor (IGF1R)]. It was found that in the group of early-cleaved embryos, which is after about 30 h after fertilization, positive correlations were stronger and more frequent, whereas the negative correlations were typical for group of late-cleaved embryos, which have a first cleave after 36 h. Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a nuclear receptors for prostacyclin (PGI2) have been recognized as being essential for early embryo development. The objectives of the present study were to determine if the bovine early- and late-cleaved embryos in different stages of early development express PPARγ and PPARδ. Since embryo developmental competence depends on numerous biological factors, we evaluated if the expression of PPARγ and PPARδ correlate with selected embryo quality markers (SOX2, OCT4, PLAC8, IGF1R) in the in vitro produced embryos at different stages of their development. Developmental rates and embryo quality for early- and late-cleaved embryos were provided according to International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS; developmental stages: 2-, 4-, 16-cell embryo, morula, blastocyst (1—early, 2—developing, 3—expanded, 4—hatched); quality stages: A—high quality, B—moderate quality, C—low quality). We found that bovine embryos expressed mRNA of PPARδ and PPARγ at all stages of early development, independently of their quality. In addition, the expression of PPARδ and PPARγ correlated with the expression of quality markers in bovine blastocysts. Positive correlations were stronger and more frequent in the group of early-cleaved embryos, whereas the negative correlations were typical for the group of late-cleaved embryos. Obtained results and available literature reports may indicate the participation of PGI2, via PPARδ and PPARγ, in the processes related to the early embryo development, through the participation of this factor in the modulation of blastocyst hatching, implantation, and post-implantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Suwik
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Emilia Sinderewicz
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Dorota Boruszewska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Ilona Kowalczyk-Zięba
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Joanna Staszkiewicz-Chodor
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Krzysztof Łukaszuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, 80-850 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Izabela Wocławek-Potocka
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-895393155
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14
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Takada Y, Iyyappan R, Susor A, Kotani T. Posttranscriptional regulation of maternal Pou5f1/Oct4 during mouse oogenesis and early embryogenesis. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:609-620. [PMID: 32930837 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein syntheses at appropriate timings are important for promoting diverse biological processes and are controlled at the levels of transcription and translation. Pou5f1/Oct4 is a transcription factor that is essential for vertebrate embryonic development. However, the precise timings when the mRNA and protein of Pou5f1/Oct4 are expressed during oogenesis and early stages of embryogenesis remain unclear. We analyzed the expression patterns of mRNA and protein of Pou5f1/Oct4 in mouse oocytes and embryos by using a highly sensitive in situ hybridization method and a monoclonal antibody specific to Pou5f1/Oct4, respectively. Pou5f1/Oct4 mRNA was detected in growing oocytes from the primary follicle stage to the fully grown GV stage during oogenesis. In contrast, Pou5f1/Oct4 protein was undetectable during oogenesis, oocyte maturation and the first cleavage stage but subsequently became detectable in the nuclei of early 2-cell-stage embryos. Pou5f1/Oct4 protein at this stage was synthesized from maternal mRNAs stored in oocytes. The amount of Pou5f1/Oct4 mRNA in the polysomal fraction was small in GV-stage oocytes but was significantly increased in fertilized eggs. Taken together, our results indicate that the synthesis of Pou5f1/Oct4 protein during oogenesis and early stages of embryogenesis is controlled at the level of translation and suggest that precise control of the amount of this protein by translational regulation is important for oocyte development and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takada
- Biosystems Science Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Rajan Iyyappan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Susor
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Tomoya Kotani
- Biosystems Science Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
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15
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Kang MH, You SY, Hong K, Kim JH. DMSO impairs the transcriptional program for maternal-to-embryonic transition by altering histone acetylation. Biomaterials 2019; 230:119604. [PMID: 31761489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used in basic and clinical research, yet its toxicity and biocompatibility properties remain elusive. Here, we report that exposure of mouse zygotes to 2% DMSO perturbed the transcriptional program, critical for maternal-to-embryonic transition and provoked developmental arrest at the 2- or 4-cell stage. Mechanistically, DMSO decreased total protein acetylation in the 2-cell embryos but increased histone H3 and H4 acetylations, as well as p53, H3K9, and H3K27 acetylations. The epigenetic changes led to an altered expression pattern of 16.26% of total valid genes in DMSO-exposed embryos. Among the affected genes, expression of maternal and minor zygotic gene activation (ZGA) genes was enhanced, whereas the ubiquitin-proteasome system, major ZGA transcripts, embryonic gene activation, the cell cycle, and ribosomal biogenesis genes were suppressed. Therefore, we conclude that DMSO causes developmental arrest by disrupting maternal-to-embryonic transition; hence, caution should be exerted when using it as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Yeob You
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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16
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Imai KS, Kobayashi K, Kari W, Rothbächer U, Ookubo N, Oda-Ishii I, Satou Y. Gata is ubiquitously required for the earliest zygotic gene transcription in the ascidian embryo. Dev Biol 2019; 458:215-227. [PMID: 31751550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In ascidian embryos, the earliest transcription from the zygotic genome begins between the 8-cell and 16-cell stages. Gata.a, a maternally expressed Gata transcription factor, activates target genes specifically in the animal hemisphere, whereas the complex of β-catenin and Tcf7 antagonizes the activity of Gata.a and activates target genes specifically in the vegetal hemisphere. Here, we show that genes zygotically expressed at the 16-cell stage have significantly more Gata motifs in their upstream regions. These genes included not only genes with animal hemisphere-specific expression but also genes with vegetal hemisphere-specific expression. On the basis of this finding, we performed knockdown experiments for Gata.a and reporter assays, and found that Gata.a is required for the expression of not only genes with animal hemisphere-specific expression, but also genes with vegetal hemisphere-specific expression. Our data indicated that weak Gata.a activity that cannot induce animal hemisphere-specific expression can allow β-catenin/Tcf7 targets to be expressed in the vegetal cells. Because genes zygotically expressed at the 32-cell stage also had significantly more Gata motifs in their upstream regions, Gata.a function may not be limited to the genes expressed specifically in the animal or vegetal hemispheres at the 16-cell stage, and Gata.a may play an important role in the earliest transcription of the zygotic genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru S Imai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Willi Kari
- Department of Evolution and Developmental Biology, Zoological Institute, University, Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ute Rothbächer
- Department of Evolution and Developmental Biology, Zoological Institute, University, Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Naoki Ookubo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Izumi Oda-Ishii
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yutaka Satou
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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17
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Liu H, Muhammad T, Guo Y, Li M, Sha Q, Zhang C, Liu H, Zhao S, Zhao H, Zhang H, Du Y, Sun K, Liu K, Lu G, Guo X, Sha J, Fan H, Gao F, Chen Z. RNA-Binding Protein IGF2BP2/IMP2 is a Critical Maternal Activator in Early Zygotic Genome Activation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900295. [PMID: 31406667 PMCID: PMC6685478 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A number of genes involved in zygotic genome activation (ZGA) have been identified, but the RNA-binding maternal factors that are directly related to ZGA in mice remain unclear. The present study shows that maternal deletion of Igf 2bp2 (also commonly known as Imp2) in mouse embryos causes early embryonic developmental arrest in vitro at the 2-cell-stage. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of 2-cell-stage embryos in mice reveal that deletion of IMP2 downregulates the expression of Ccar1 and Rps14, both of which are required for early embryonic developmental competence. IGF2, a target of IMP2, when added in culture media, increases the proportion of wild-type embryos that develop successfully to the blastocyst stage: from 29% in untreated controls to 65% (50 × 10-9 m IGF2). Furthermore, in an experiment related to embryo transfer, foster mothers receiving IGF2-treated embryos deliver more pups per female than females who receive untreated control embryos. In clinically derived human oocytes, the addition of IGF2 to the culture media significantly enhances the proportion of embryos that develop successfully. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that IMP2 is essential for the regulation and activation of genes known to be involved in ZGA and reveal the potential embryonic development-related utility of IGF2 for animal biotechnology and for assisted reproduction in humans.
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18
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Assadollahi V, Fathi F, Abdi M, Khadem Erfan MB, Soleimani F, Banafshi O. Increasing maternal age of blastocyst affects on efficient derivation and behavior of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3716-3726. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Assadollahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Fardin Fathi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Mohamad Bager Khadem Erfan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | | | - Omid Banafshi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
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Conti M, Franciosi F. Acquisition of oocyte competence to develop as an embryo: integrated nuclear and cytoplasmic events. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:245-266. [PMID: 29432538 PMCID: PMC5907346 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects ~7% of couples of reproductive age with little change in incidence in the last two decades. ART, as well as other interventions, have made major strides in correcting this condition. However, and in spite of advancements in the field, the age of the female partner remains a main factor for a successful outcome. A better understanding of the final stages of gamete maturation yielding an egg that can sustain embryo development and a pregnancy to term remains a major area for improvement in the field. This review will summarize the major cellular and molecular events unfolding at the oocyte-to-embryo transition. We will provide an update on the most important processes/pathways currently understood as the basis of developmental competence, including the molecular processes involved in mRNA storage, its recruitment to the translational machinery, and its degradation. We will discuss the hypothesis that the translational programme of maternal mRNAs plays a key role in establishing developmental competence. These regulations are essential to assemble the machinery that is used to establish a totipotent zygote. This hypothesis further supports the view that embryogenesis begins during oogenesis. A better understanding of the events required for developmental competence will guide the development of novel strategies to monitor and improve the success rate of IVF. Using this information, it will be possible to develop new biomarkers that may be used to better predict oocyte quality and in selection of the best egg for IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Conti
- Department of OBGYN-RS, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0556, USA
| | - Federica Franciosi
- Department of OBGYN-RS, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0556, USA
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20
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Eckersley-Maslin MA, Alda-Catalinas C, Reik W. Dynamics of the epigenetic landscape during the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:436-450. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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The Role of Maternal-Effect Genes in Mammalian Development: Are Mammalian Embryos Really an Exception? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:276-84. [PMID: 26892267 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The essential contribution of multiple maternal factors to early mammalian development is rapidly altering the view that mammals have a unique pattern of development compared to other species. Currently, over 60 maternal-effect mutations have been described in mammalian systems, including critical determinants of pluripotency. This data, combined with the evidence for lineage bias and differential gene expression in early blastomeres, strongly suggests that mammalian development is to some extent mosaic from the four-cell stage onward.
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22
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Abstract
Distinct combinations of transcription factors are necessary to elicit cell fate changes in embryonic development. Yet within each group of fate-changing transcription factors, a subset called 'pioneer factors' are dominant in their ability to engage silent, unmarked chromatin and initiate the recruitment of other factors, thereby imparting new function to regulatory DNA sequences. Recent studies have shown that pioneer factors are also crucial for cellular reprogramming and that they are implicated in the marked changes in gene regulatory networks that occur in various cancers. Here, we provide an overview of the contexts in which pioneer factors function, how they can target silent genes, and their limitations at regions of heterochromatin. Understanding how pioneer factors regulate gene expression greatly enhances our understanding of how specific developmental lineages are established as well as how cell fates can be manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Iwafuchi-Doi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 9-131 SCTR, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA
| | - Kenneth S Zaret
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 9-131 SCTR, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA
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23
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Jukam D, Shariati SAM, Skotheim JM. Zygotic Genome Activation in Vertebrates. Dev Cell 2017; 42:316-332. [PMID: 28829942 PMCID: PMC5714289 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first major developmental transition in vertebrate embryos is the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) when maternal mRNAs are degraded and zygotic transcription begins. During the MZT, the embryo takes charge of gene expression to control cell differentiation and further development. This spectacular organismal transition requires nuclear reprogramming and the initiation of RNAPII at thousands of promoters. Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is mechanistically coordinated with other embryonic events, including changes in the cell cycle, chromatin state, and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic component ratios. Here, we review progress in understanding vertebrate ZGA dynamics in frogs, fish, mice, and humans to explore differences and emphasize common features.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jukam
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Ali M Shariati
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan M Skotheim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Zeng Y, Wang C, Niu Y, Chi D, Xu M, Si L, Qu X, Li J. The influence of delipidation on triglyceride and LIPIN1 of porcine embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:842-850. [PMID: 28455945 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteins in the LIPIN family play key roles in lipid synthesis mainly on triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, and they also act as transcriptional coactivators to regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism with other nuclear factors. Hence, this study was designed to investigate LIPIN1 in pig oocytes and embryos by the delipidation. After delipidation, the content of lipids (LDs) and TAG in MII oocyte was significantly reduced; however, a similar increasing tendency of TAG was shown during embryos development. Subsequently, the expression of genes related to TAG biosynthesis including GPAT1, AGPAT1, AGPAT2, LIPIN1, DGAT and the nuclear factors interacted with LIPIN1 including PPARα and PPARγ was investigated. It is obvious that DGAT and GPAT1, and LIPIN1 increased significantly after delipidation at 1-cell and 4-cell stage, and the expression of PPARα and PPARγ also increased at 4-cell stage. By immunofluorescence staining and Western blots, LIPIN1 was found to exhibit a dynamic localization pattern and gradually increase with the development of delipated embryo. In the early developmental stages (1-, 2- and 4-cell stages), it was distributed over the cortical layer. But at the blastocyst stage, a homogeneous distribution of LIPIN1 was observed in cytoplasm. At 2-cell stage, the expression of PPARα decreased when LIPIN1 was interfered by small interfering RNA, but PPARγ has no significant difference. Therefore, in this study, we find after delipidation, the content of TAG and LIPIN1 will gradually increase during embryo development and nuclear factor PPARα and PPARγ can also be affected by delipidation. The interaction of LIPIN1 and PPARα exists in porcine embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - D Chi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang M, Skirkanich J, Lampson MA, Klein PS. Cell Cycle Remodeling and Zygotic Gene Activation at the Midblastula Transition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 953:441-487. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46095-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kalo D, Roth Z. Low level of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate reduces oocyte developmental competence in association with impaired gene expression. Toxicology 2016; 377:38-48. [PMID: 27989758 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), are reproductive toxicants. However, disruptive effects of MEHP at low concentrations on the oocyte and developing blastocyst are unknown. Previously, we detected low levels of MEHP in follicular fluid aspirated from DEHP-treated cows associated with reduced estradiol levels. Moreover, the MEHP concentrations found were similar to those reported for follicular fluid aspirated from women who have undergone IVF cycles. In the current study, we used an in vitro embryo production model to examine the effect of MEHP at low levels on oocyte developmental competence. We set up several experiments to mimic the follicular fluid content, i.e., low MEHP level and low estradiol. For all experiments, cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from bovine ovaries, then matured in vitro in standard oocyte maturation medium (OMM) supplemented with: MEHP at a range levels (20-1000nM) or with estradiol at a range levels (0-2000ng/ml). Then, oocytes were fertilized and cultured for an additional 7days to allow blastocyst development. Findings revealed that MEHP at low levels impairs oocyte developmental competence in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05) and that estradiol by itself does not impair it. Accordingly, in another set of experiments, COCs were matured in vitro with MEHP at two choosen concentrations (20 or 1000nM) with or without estradiol, fertilized and cultured for 7days. Samples of mature oocytes and their derived blastocysts were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR to examine the profiles of selected genes (CYC1, MT-CO1, ATP5B, POU5F1, SOX2 and DNMT3b). Maturation of COCs with MEHP (20 or 1000nM) affected gene expression in the mature oocyte. Maturation of COCs with MEHP (20 or 1000nM) in the absence of estradiol reduced oocyte developmental competence (P<0.05). A differential carryover effect on transcript abundance was recorded in blastocysts developed from MEHP-treated oocytes. In the presence of estradiol, increased expression was recorded for CYC1, ATP5B, SOX2 and DNMT3b. In the absence of estradiol, decreased expression was recorded, with a significant effect for 1000nM MEHP (P<0.05). Taken together, the findings suggest that low levels of phthalate must be taken into consideration in risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kalo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Z Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Davis TL, Rebay I. Master regulators in development: Views from the Drosophila retinal determination and mammalian pluripotency gene networks. Dev Biol 2016; 421:93-107. [PMID: 27979656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the mechanisms that steer cells to their correct fate during development, master regulatory networks are unique in their sufficiency to trigger a developmental program outside of its normal context. In this review we discuss the key features that underlie master regulatory potency during normal and ectopic development, focusing on two examples, the retinal determination gene network (RDGN) that directs eye development in the fruit fly and the pluripotency gene network (PGN) that maintains cell fate competency in the early mammalian embryo. In addition to the hierarchical transcriptional activation, extensive positive transcriptional feedback, and cooperative protein-protein interactions that enable master regulators to override competing cellular programs, recent evidence suggests that network topology must also be dynamic, with extensive rewiring of the interactions and feedback loops required to navigate the correct sequence of developmental transitions to reach a final fate. By synthesizing the in vivo evidence provided by the RDGN with the extensive mechanistic insight gleaned from the PGN, we highlight the unique regulatory capabilities that continual reorganization into new hierarchies confers on master control networks. We suggest that deeper understanding of such dynamics should be a priority, as accurate spatiotemporal remodeling of network topology will undoubtedly be essential for successful stem cell based therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor L Davis
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ilaria Rebay
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Fullston T, Ohlsson-Teague EMC, Print CG, Sandeman LY, Lane M. Sperm microRNA Content Is Altered in a Mouse Model of Male Obesity, but the Same Suite of microRNAs Are Not Altered in Offspring's Sperm. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166076. [PMID: 27814400 PMCID: PMC5096664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and has tripled in men of reproductive age since the 1970s. Concerningly, obesity is not only comorbid with other chronic diseases, but there is mounting evidence that it increases the non-communicable disease load in their children (eg mortality, obesity, autism). Animal studies have demonstrated that paternal obesity increases the risk of metabolic (eg glucose metabolism defects, obesity) and reproductive disorders in offspring. Epigenetic changes within sperm are clear mechanistic candidates that are associated with both changes to the father’s environment and offspring phenotype. Specifically there is emerging evidence that a father’s sperm microRNA content both responds to paternal environmental cues and alters the gene expression profile and subsequent development of the early embryo. We used a mouse model of high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity to investigate whether male obesity could modulate sperm microRNA content. We also investigated whether this alteration to a father’s sperm microRNA content lead to a similar change in the sperm of male offspring. Our investigations were initially guided by a Taqman PCR array, which indicated the differential abundance of 28 sperm borne microRNAs in HFD mice. qPCR confirmation in a much larger cohort of founder males demonstrated that 13 of these microRNAs were differentially abundant (11 up-regulated; 2 down-regulated) due to HFD feeding. Despite metabolic and reproductive phenotypes also being observed in grand-offspring fathered via the male offspring lineage, there was no evidence that any of the 13 microRNAs were also dysregulated in male offspring sperm. This was presumably due to the variation seen within both groups of offspring and suggests other mechanisms might act between offspring and grand-offspring. Thus 13 sperm borne microRNAs are modulated by a father’s HFD and the presumed transfer of this altered microRNA payload to the embryo at fertilisation potentially acts to alter the embryonic molecular makeup post-fertilisation, altering its growth trajectory, ultimately affecting adult offspring phenotype and may contribute to paternal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tod Fullston
- Discipline of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Freemason’s Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - E. Maria C. Ohlsson-Teague
- Discipline of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Cristin G. Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology and New Zealand Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lauren Y. Sandeman
- Discipline of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Michelle Lane
- Discipline of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Freemason’s Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Monash IVF Group, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Saenz-de-Juano MD, Marco-Jiménez F, Vicente JS. Embryo transfer manipulation cause gene expression variation in blastocysts that disrupt implantation and offspring rates at birth in rabbit. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 207:50-55. [PMID: 27825027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the current study we aimed to evaluate the effect of embryo transfer on gene expression during pre-implantation development and its consequences on implantation rate, offspring rate at birth and embryonic and fetal losses in the rabbit model. STUDY DESIGN The mRNA expressions of 8 candidate genes were compared between 6-day-old in vivo-produced embryos (non-manipulated embryos) to those of 6-day-old embryos previously recovery at the third day of development and transferred into recipient rabbit females (manipulated embryos). Furthermore, we compared between both experimental groups the implantation rate and offspring rate at birth and embryonic and fetal losses. RESULTS Differences in transcript abundance of OCT4, C1qTNF1, EMP1 and TNFAIP6 were observed in transferred embryos. In addition, lower implantation and offspring rates at birth were obtained in transferred embryos than in the control group. In addition, embryonic losses were significantly higher in the transferred group than in the control. However, fetal losses were similar between groups. CONCLUSION The findings of the current study show that embryo transfer manipulation influenced mRNA expression of late blastocysts prior to implantation, resulting in higher gestational losses as a consequence of faulty embryonic implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Marco-Jiménez
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Salvador Vicente
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Improved development by melatonin treatment after vitrification of mouse metaphase II oocytes. Cryobiology 2016; 73:335-342. [PMID: 27725165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin on the development potential of mouse MII oocytes after cryopreservation. Mouse MII oocytes were subjected first to vitrification/warming and 2 h of in vitro culture (phase 1), then to parthenogenetic activation (PA) followed by in vitro culture of parthenogenetic embryos (phase 2). Different concentrations of melatonin (0, 10-9, 10-6 mol/L) were added to the medium during either phase 1, phase 2 or both phases. The fresh oocytes were used as control. When melatonin was used during both phases, 10-9 mol/L melatonin-treated group showed similar rates of cleavage and 4-cell embryo development compared with control, which were significantly higher than those of melatonin-free group, while the rates in either 10-6 mol/L melatonin-treated or melatonin-free groups were significantly lower than that in control. When 10-9 mol/L melatonin was added during either phase 1 or phase 2, both cleavage and 4-cell embryo development rates of either group were significantly lower than those of control. After oocyte vitrification/warming and PA, the ROS levels increased significantly and maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) related genes (Dcp1a, Dcp2, Hspa1a, Eif1ax, Pou5f1, Sox2) expression were disorganized. However, after 10-9 mol/L melatonin supplementation, the ROS levels decreased significantly compared with melatonin-free group, and the gene expressions were almost recovered to normal level of control group. These results demonstrated that 10-9 mol/L melatonin supplementation could increase the developmental potential of vitrified-warmed mouse MII oocytes, which may result from ROS scavenging activities and recovery of normal levels of the expressions of MZT-related genes.
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Absalan F, Saremy S, Mansori E, Taheri Moghadam M, Eftekhari Moghadam AR, Ghanavati R. Effects of Mono-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Administrations on Oocyte Meiotic Maturation, Apoptosis and Gene Quantification in Mouse Model. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:503-513. [PMID: 28042535 PMCID: PMC5086329 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective Phthalates, which are commonly used to render plastics into soft and flexible
materials, have also been determined as developmental and reproductive toxicants in
human and animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mono-(2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) oral administrations
on maturation of mouse oocytes, apoptosis and gene transcription levels.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, immature oocytes recovered from
Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mouse strain (6-8 weeks), were divided into
seven different experimental and control groups. Control group oocytes were retrieved
from mice that received only normal saline. The experimental groups I, II or III oocytes
were retrieved from mice treated with 50, 100 or 200 µl DEHP (2.56 µM) solution, respectively.
The experimental groups IV, V or VI oocytes were retrieved from mouse exposed to
50, 100 or 200 µl MEHP (2.56 µM) solution, respectively. Fertilization and embryonic development
were carried out in OMM and T6 medium. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin
V-FITC/Dead Cell Apoptosis Kit, with PI staining. In addition, the mRNA levels of Pou5f1,
Ccna1 and Asah1 were examined in oocytes. Finally, mouse embryo at early blastocyst
stage was stained with acridine-orange (AO) and ethidium-bromide (EB), in order to access their viability.
Results The proportion of oocytes that progressed up to metaphase II (MII) and 2-cells
embryo formation stage was significantly decreased by exposure to MEHP or DEHP, in a
dose-dependent manner. Annexin V and PI positive oocytes showed greater quantity in
the treated mice than control. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain
reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that expression levels of Pou5f1, Asah1 and Ccna1 were significantly
lower in the treated mouse oocytes than control. The total cell count for blastocyst
developed from the treated mouse oocytes was lower than the controls.
Conclusion These results indicate that oral administration of MEHP and DEHP could
negatively affect mouse oocyte meiotic maturation and development in vivo, suggesting
that phthalates could be risk factors for mammalians’ reproductive health. Additionally,
phthalate-induced changes in Pou5f1, Asah1 and Ccna1 transcription level could explain
in part, the reduced developmental ability of mouse-treated oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Absalan
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Saremy
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansori
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Taheri Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Eftekhari Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razie Ghanavati
- Department of Molecular Biology and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Kazerun Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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Gao L, Zhao M, Ye W, Huang J, Chu J, Yan S, Wang C, Zeng R. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) promotes the neural differentiation of full-term amniotic fluid-derived stem cells towards neural progenitor cells. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:312-20. [PMID: 27346451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The amniotic fluid has a heterogeneous population of cells. Some human amniotic fluid-derived stem (hAFS) cells have been shown to harbor the potential to differentiate into neural cells. However, the neural differentiation efficiency of hAFS cells remains low. In this study, we isolated CD117-positive hAFS cells from amniotic fluid and then examined the pluripotency of these cells through the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs). Additionally, we induced the neural differentiation of these cells using neuroectodermal medium. This study revealed that the GSK3-beta inhibitor SB216763 was able to stimulate the proliferation of CD117-positive hAFS cells without influencing their undifferentiated state. Moreover, SB216763 can efficiently promote the neural differentiation of CD117-positive hAFS cells towards neural progenitor cells in the presence of DMEM/F12 and N2 supplement. These findings provide an easy and low-cost method to maintain the proliferation of hAFS cells, as well as induce an efficacious generation of neural progenitor cells from hAFS cells. Such induction of the neural commitment of hAFS cells may provide an option for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by hAFS cells-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Gao
- Stem Cell Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- Stem Cell Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jinzhi Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Chu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shouquan Yan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chaojun Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
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Emura N, Sakurai N, Takahashi K, Hashizume T, Sawai K. OCT-4 expression is essential for the segregation of trophectoderm lineages in porcine preimplantation embryos. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:401-8. [PMID: 27210587 PMCID: PMC5004796 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oct-4, a member of the POU family of transcription factors, is a key factor that
regulates the segregation of the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE)
during the transition from morula to blastocyst in mice. However, little is known
about its role in porcine early embryogenesis. To determine the function of OCT-4 in
the ICM and TE segregation of porcine embryos, we studied the developmental
morphology of porcine embryos using RNA interference technology. Our experiments
demonstrated that when 1-cell stage embryos were co-injected with the small
interfering RNA (siRNA)for targeted knockdown of OCT-4 (OCT-4-siRNA)
and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-dextran conjugate (Dx), they failed
to form blastocysts. Therefore, in this study, we constructed chimeric embryos
comprising blastomeres that either expressed OCT-4 normally or
showed downregulated OCT-4 expression by co-injection of OCT-4-siRNA
and Dx into one blastomere in 2- to 4-cell stage embryos. In control embryos, which
were co-injected with control siRNA and Dx, Dx-positive cells contributed to the TE
lineage in almost all the blastocysts examined. In contrast, Dx-positive cells
derived from a blastomere co-injected with OCT-4-siRNA and Dx were degenerated in
almost half the blastocysts. This was probably due to the inability of these cells to
differentiate into the TE lineage. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed no difference
in the levels of SOX2, TEAD4, FGF4
and FGFR1-IIIc, all of which are known to be regulated by OCT-4,
between the OCT-4-siRNA-injected morulae and the control ones. However, the level of
CDX2, a molecule specifically expressed in the TE lineage, was
significantly higher in the former than in the latter. Our results indicate that
continuous expression of OCT-4 in blastomeres is essential for TE formation of
porcine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Emura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Kwon JW, Kim NH, Choi I. CXADR is required for AJ and TJ assembly during porcine blastocyst formation. Reproduction 2016; 151:297-304. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily as well as a member of the junctional adhesion molecule family of adhesion receptor. In human pre-implantation embryos, CXADR was detected and co-localized with tight junction (TJ) proteins on the membrane of the trophectoderm. However, its physiological roles were not elucidated in terms of blastocyst formation. Here, we reported expression patterns and biological functions of CXADR in porcine pre-implantation embryos. The transcripts of CXADR were detected at all stages of pre-implantation. Particularly, its expression dramatically increased and preferentially localized at the edge of cell–cell contacts, rather than in the nucleus from the eight-cell stage onwards. CXADR expression was knocked down (KD) by microinjecting double-stranded RNA into one-cell parthenotes. The vast majority of CXADR KD embryos failed to develop to the blastocyst stage, and a few developed KD blastocysts did not expand fully. Analysis of adherens junction (AJ)- and TJ-associated genes/proteins using qRT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and assessment of TJ permeability using FITC-dextran uptake assay revealed that the developmental failure and relatively small cavities are attributed to the defects of TJ assembly. In summary, CXADR is necessary for the AJ and TJ assembly/biogenesis during pre-implantation development.
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Xie F, Anderson CL, Timme KR, Kurz SG, Fernando SC, Wood JR. Obesity-Dependent Increases in Oocyte mRNAs Are Associated With Increases in Proinflammatory Signaling and Gut Microbial Abundance of Lachnospiraceae in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1630-43. [PMID: 26881311 PMCID: PMC4816731 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
RNAs stored in the metaphase II-arrested oocyte play important roles in successful embryonic development. Their abundance is defined by transcriptional activity during oocyte growth and selective degradation of transcripts during LH-induced oocyte maturation. Our previous studies demonstrated that mRNA abundance is increased in mature ovulated oocytes collected from obese humans and mice and therefore may contribute to reduced oocyte developmental competence associated with metabolic dysfunction. In the current study mouse models of diet-induced obesity were used to determine whether obesity-dependent increases in proinflammatory signaling regulate ovarian abundance of oocyte-specific mRNAs. The abundance of oocyte-specific Bnc1, Dppa3, and Pou5f1 mRNAs as well as markers of proinflammatory signaling were significantly increased in ovaries of obese compared with lean mice which were depleted of fully grown preovulatory follicles. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation analyses also demonstrated increased association of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 with the Pou5f1 promoter in ovaries of obese mice suggesting that proinflammatory signaling regulates transcription of this gene in the oocyte. The cecum microbial content of lean and obese female mice was subsequently examined to identify potential relationships between microbial composition and proinflammatory signaling in the ovary. Multivariate Association with Linear Models identified significant positive correlations between cecum abundance of the bacterial family Lachnospiraceae and ovarian abundance of Tnfa as well as Dppa3, Bnc1, and Pou5f1 mRNAs. Together, these data suggest that diet-induced changes in gut microbial composition may be contributing to ovarian inflammation which in turn alters ovarian gene expression and ultimately contributes to obesity-dependent reduction in oocyte quality and development of infertility in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Department of Animal Science (F.X., K.R.T., S.G.K., S.C.F., J.R.W.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0908; School of Biological Sciences (C.L.A., S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0118; and Food Science and Technology Department (S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919
| | - Christopher L Anderson
- Department of Animal Science (F.X., K.R.T., S.G.K., S.C.F., J.R.W.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0908; School of Biological Sciences (C.L.A., S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0118; and Food Science and Technology Department (S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919
| | - Kelsey R Timme
- Department of Animal Science (F.X., K.R.T., S.G.K., S.C.F., J.R.W.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0908; School of Biological Sciences (C.L.A., S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0118; and Food Science and Technology Department (S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919
| | - Scott G Kurz
- Department of Animal Science (F.X., K.R.T., S.G.K., S.C.F., J.R.W.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0908; School of Biological Sciences (C.L.A., S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0118; and Food Science and Technology Department (S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919
| | - Samodha C Fernando
- Department of Animal Science (F.X., K.R.T., S.G.K., S.C.F., J.R.W.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0908; School of Biological Sciences (C.L.A., S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0118; and Food Science and Technology Department (S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919
| | - Jennifer R Wood
- Department of Animal Science (F.X., K.R.T., S.G.K., S.C.F., J.R.W.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0908; School of Biological Sciences (C.L.A., S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0118; and Food Science and Technology Department (S.C.F.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919
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Chen J, Lian X, Du J, Xu S, Wei J, Pang L, Song C, He L, Wang S. Inhibition of phosphorylated Ser473-Akt from translocating into the nucleus contributes to 2-cell arrest and defective zygotic genome activation in mouse preimplantation embryogenesis. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:280-92. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junming Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Xiuli Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Songhua Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Jianen Wei
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Lili Pang
- Cellular and Developmental Engineering Center; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Chanchan Song
- Cellular and Developmental Engineering Center; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Shie Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
- Cellular and Developmental Engineering Center; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
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Rizzino A, Wuebben EL. Sox2/Oct4: A delicately balanced partnership in pluripotent stem cells and embryogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:780-91. [PMID: 26992828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the roles of Sox2 and Oct4 in embryonic stem cells and mammalian embryogenesis. Specifically, significant progress has been made in answering three questions about the functions of Sox2 and Oct4, which are the focus of this review. 1) Are the first or second cell lineage decisions during embryogenesis controlled by Oct4 and/or Sox2? 2) Do the levels of Oct4 and Sox2 need to be maintained within narrow limits to promote normal development and to sustain the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells? 3) Do Oct4 and Sox2 work closely together or is the primary role of Sox2 in pluripotent cells to ensure the expression of Oct4? Although significant progress has been made in answering these questions, additional studies are needed to resolve several important remaining issues. Nonetheless, the preponderance of the evidence suggests there is considerable crosstalk between Sox2 and Oct4, and further suggests Sox2 and Oct4 function as molecular rheostats and utilize negative feedback loops to carefully balance their expression and other critical genes during embryogenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Oct transcription factor family, edited by Dr. Dean Tantin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Rizzino
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, United States.
| | - Erin L Wuebben
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, United States
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Fulka H, Aoki F. Nucleolus Precursor Bodies and Ribosome Biogenesis in Early Mammalian Embryos: Old Theories and New Discoveries. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:143. [PMID: 26935600 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.136093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, mature oocytes and early preimplantation embryos contain transcriptionally inactive structures termed nucleolus precursor bodies instead of the typical fibrillo-granular nucleoli. These nuclear organelles are essential and strictly of maternal origin. If they are removed from oocytes, the resulting embryos are unable to replace them and consequently fail to develop. Historically, nucleolus precursor bodies have been perceived as a passive repository site of nucleolar proteins that are required for embryos to form fully functional nucleoli. Recent results, however, contradict this long-standing dogma and show that these organelles are dispensable for nucleologenesis and ribosome biogenesis. In this article, we discuss the possible roles of nucleolus precursor bodies and propose how they might be involved in embryogenesis. Furthermore, we argue that these organelles are essential only shortly after fertilization and suggest that they might actively participate in centromeric chromatin establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Fulka
- Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fugaku Aoki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Boiani M, Cibelli JB. What we can learn from single-cell analysis in development. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:160-71. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Creatine Enhances Transdifferentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cell Into GABAergic Neuron-Like Cells Characterized With Differential Gene Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1978-1991. [PMID: 26910814 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Creatine was reported to induce bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) into GABAergic neuron-like cells (GNLC). In a previous study, creatine was used as a single inducer for BMSC into GNLC with low yield. In this study, BMSC-derived neurospheres (NS) have been used in generating GABAergic phenotype. The BMSC were isolated from adult rats and used in generating neurospheres and used for producing neural stem cells (NSC). A combination of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and creatine was used in order to improve the yield of GNLC. We also used other protocols for the transdifferentiation including RA alone; RA and creatine; RA and CNTF; and RA, CNTF, and creatine. The BMSC, NSC, and GNLC were characterized by specific markers. The activity of the GNLC was evaluated using FM1-43. The isolated BMSC expressed Oct4, fibronectin, and CD44. The NS were immunoreactive to nestin and SOX2, the NSC were immunoreactive to nestin, NF68 and NF160, while the GNLC were immunoreactive to GAD1/2, VGAT, GABA, and synaptophysin. Oct4 and c-MYC, pluripotency genes, were expressed in the BMSC, while SOX2 and c-MYC were expressed in the NSC. The activity of GNLC indicates that the synaptic vesicles were released upon stimulation. The conclusion is that the combination of RA, CNTF, and creatine induced differentiation of neurosphere-derived NSC into GNLC within 1 week. This protocol gives higher yield than the other protocols used in this study. The mechanism of induction was clearly associated with several differential pluripotent genes.
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Boruszewska D, Sinderewicz E, Kowalczyk-Zieba I, Grycmacher K, Woclawek-Potocka I. The effect of lysophosphatidic acid during in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes: cumulus expansion, glucose metabolism and expression of genes involved in the ovulatory cascade, oocyte and blastocyst competence. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:44. [PMID: 25981539 PMCID: PMC4438640 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the cow, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) acts as an auto-/paracrine factor, through its receptors LPAR1-4, on oocytes and cumulus cells during in vitro maturation (IVM). The aim of the present work was to determine the effect of LPA during IVM of bovine oocytes on: 1) oocyte maturation; 2) apoptosis of COCs; 3) expression of genes involved in developmental competence and apoptosis in bovine oocytes and subsequent blastocysts; 4) cumulus expansion and expression of genes involved in the ovulatory cascade in cumulus cells; 5) glucose metabolism and expression of genes involved in glucose utilization in cumulus cells; 6) cleavage and blastocyst rates on Day 2 and Day 7 of in vitro culture, respectively. METHODS Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in vitro in the presence or absence of LPA (10(-5) M) for 24 h. Following maturation, we determined: oocyte maturation stage, cumulus expansion, COCs apoptosis and glucose and lactate levels in the maturation medium. Moreover, COCs were either used for gene expression analysis or fertilized in vitro. The embryos were cultured until Day 7 to assess cleavage and blastocyst rates. Oocytes, cumulus cells and blastocysts were used for gene expression analysis. RESULTS Supplementation of the maturation medium with LPA enhanced oocyte maturation rates and stimulated the expression of developmental competence-related factors (OCT4, SOX2, IGF2R) in oocytes and subsequent blastocysts. Moreover, LPA reduced the occurrence of apoptosis in COCs and promoted an antiapoptotic balance in the transcription of genes involved in apoptosis (BAX and BCL2) either in oocytes or blastocysts. LPA increased glucose uptake by COCs via augmentation of GLUT1 expression in cumulus cells as well as stimulating lactate production via the enhancement of PFKP expression in cumulus cells. LPA did not affect cumulus expansion as visually assessed, however, it stimulated upstream genes of cumulus expansion cascade, AREG and EREG. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of the maturation medium with LPA improves oocyte maturation rates, decreases extent of apoptosis in COCs and sustains the expression of developmental competence related factors during oocyte maturation and subsequently affects gene expression profile at the blastocyst stage. We also demonstrate that LPA directs glucose metabolism toward the glycolytic pathway during IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Boruszewska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Emilia Sinderewicz
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ilona Kowalczyk-Zieba
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Grycmacher
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Izabela Woclawek-Potocka
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Nagai H, Sezaki M, Kakiguchi K, Nakaya Y, Lee HC, Ladher R, Sasanami T, Han JY, Yonemura S, Sheng G. Cellular analysis of cleavage-stage chick embryos reveals hidden conservation in vertebrate early development. Development 2015; 142:1279-86. [PMID: 25742796 PMCID: PMC4378249 DOI: 10.1242/dev.118604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Birds and mammals, phylogenetically close amniotes with similar post-gastrula development, exhibit little conservation in their post-fertilization cleavage patterns. Data from the mouse suggest that cellular morphogenesis and molecular signaling at the cleavage stage play important roles in lineage specification at later (blastula and gastrula) stages. Very little is known, however, about cleavage-stage chick embryos, owing to their poor accessibility. This period of chick development takes place before egg-laying and encompasses several fundamental processes of avian embryology, including zygotic gene activation (ZGA) and blastoderm cell-layer increase. We have carried out morphological and cellular analyses of cleavage-stage chick embryos covering the first half of pre-ovipositional development, from Eyal-Giladi and Kochav stage (EGK-) I to EGK-V. Scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable subcellular details of blastomere cellularization and subgerminal cavity formation. Phosphorylated RNA polymerase II immunostaining showed that ZGA in the chick starts at early EGK-III during the 7th to 8th nuclear division cycle, comparable with the time reported for other yolk-rich vertebrates (e.g. zebrafish and Xenopus). The increase in the number of cell layers after EGK-III is not a direct consequence of oriented cell division. Finally, we present evidence that, as in the zebrafish embryo, a yolk syncytial layer is formed in the avian embryo after EGK-V. Our data suggest that several fundamental features of cleavage-stage development in birds resemble those in yolk-rich anamniote species, revealing conservation in vertebrate early development. Whether this conservation lends morphogenetic support to the anamniote-to-amniote transition in evolution or reflects developmental plasticity in convergent evolution awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nagai
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maiko Sezaki
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kisa Kakiguchi
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakaya
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hyung Chul Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Raj Ladher
- Laboratory for Sensory Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sasanami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Guojun Sheng
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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Abstract
Biochemical and genomic studies have shown that transcription factors with the highest reprogramming activity often have the special ability to engage their target sites on nucleosomal DNA, thus behaving as “pioneer factors” to initiate events in closed chromatin. This review by Iwafuchi-Doi and Zaret focuses on the most recent studies of pioneer factors in cell programming and reprogramming, how pioneer factors have special chromatin-binding properties, and facilitators and impediments to chromatin binding. A subset of eukaryotic transcription factors possesses the remarkable ability to reprogram one type of cell into another. The transcription factors that reprogram cell fate are invariably those that are crucial for the initial cell programming in embryonic development. To elicit cell programming or reprogramming, transcription factors must be able to engage genes that are developmentally silenced and inappropriate for expression in the original cell. Developmentally silenced genes are typically embedded in “closed” chromatin that is covered by nucleosomes and not hypersensitive to nuclease probes such as DNase I. Biochemical and genomic studies have shown that transcription factors with the highest reprogramming activity often have the special ability to engage their target sites on nucleosomal DNA, thus behaving as “pioneer factors” to initiate events in closed chromatin. Other reprogramming factors appear dependent on pioneer factors for engaging nucleosomes and closed chromatin. However, certain genomic domains in which nucleosomes are occluded by higher-order chromatin structures, such as in heterochromatin, are resistant to pioneer factor binding. Understanding the means by which pioneer factors can engage closed chromatin and how heterochromatin can prevent such binding promises to advance our ability to reprogram cell fates at will and is the topic of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Iwafuchi-Doi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth S Zaret
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Bai H, Li Y, Gao H, Dong Y, Han P, Yu H. Histone methyltransferase SMYD3 regulates the expression of transcriptional factors during bovine oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:849-59. [PMID: 25563599 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian early embryonic development is controlled by a unique program of gene expression, and involves epigenetic reprogramming of histone modifications and DNA methylation. SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) is a histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase that plays important roles in transcription regulation. The expression of SMYD3 has been studied in some cancer cell lines. However, its expression in oocytes and embryos has not previously been reported. Here, we detected the SMYD3 mRNA and found that it was expressed throughout bovine oocyte in vitro maturation and early embryonic development. Microinjection of SMYD3 siRNA at germinal vesicle stage decreased the transcription level of NANOG, and blocked the development of in vitro fertilization embryos at 4-8 cell stage. Conversely, Microinjection of SMYD3 siRNA at pronuclear stage did not affect early embryonic development. Our findings suggest that SMYD3 regulates the expression of NANOG, and plays an essential role in bovine early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Haixia Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yanhua Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Pengyong Han
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Haiquan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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Urrego R, Herrera-Puerta E, Chavarria NA, Camargo O, Wrenzycki C, Rodriguez-Osorio N. Follicular progesterone concentrations and messenger RNA expression of MATER and OCT-4 in immature bovine oocytes as predictors of developmental competence. Theriogenology 2014; 83:1179-87. [PMID: 25662108 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability of bovine embryos to develop to the blastocyst stage and to implant and generate healthy offspring depends greatly on the competence of the oocyte. Oocyte competence is attributed to its close communication with the follicular environment and to its capacity to synthesize and store substantial amounts of messenger RNA. Higher developmental competence of bovine oocytes has been associated with both the expression of a cohort of developmental genes and the concentration of sex steroids in the follicular fluid. The aim of this study was to identify differences in the expression of FST in cumulus cells and OCT-4 and MATER in oocytes and the influence of the follicular progesterone and follicular estrogen concentration on the competence of bovine oocytes retrieved 30 minutes or 4 hours after slaughter. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were left in postmortem ovaries for 30 minutes (group I) or 4 hours (group II) at 30 °C. Aspirated oocytes were then subjected to IVM, IVF, and IVC or were evaluated for MATER and OCT-4 messenger RNA abundance by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Total RNA was isolated from pools of 100 oocytes for each experimental replicate. Progesterone and estradiol concentration in follicular fluid was evaluated by immunoassay using an IMMULITE 2000 analyzer. Three repeats of in vitro embryo production were performed with a total of 455 (group I) and 470 (group II) COCs. There were no significant differences between the cleavage rates (72 hours postinsemination [hpi]) between both groups (63.5% vs. 69.1%). However, blastocyst (168 hpi) and hatching (216 hpi) rates were higher (P < 0.05) in group II compared with those of group I (21.3% vs. 30.7% and 27.6% vs. 51.5%, respectively). Group II oocytes exhibited the highest MATER and OCT-4 abundance (P < 0.05). Follicular estradiol concentration was not different between both the groups, whereas the progesterone concentration was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in group II follicles. These results indicate that retrieving COCs 4 hours after slaughter could increase bovine in vitro developmental competence, which is linked to higher levels of oocyte MATER and OCT-4 transcripts and lower follicular progesterone concentration. Moreover, the results of the present study contribute to the identification of factors involved in the developmental competence of immature oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Urrego
- Grupo CENTAURO, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo INCA-CES, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - E Herrera-Puerta
- Grupo INCA-CES, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo Biología CES-EIA, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - N A Chavarria
- Grupo INCA-CES, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - O Camargo
- Grupo Genes, Gametos y Embriones, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Wrenzycki
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Ji Q, Cong P, Zhao H, Song Z, Zhao G, Gao J, Nie Y, Chen Y. Exogenous expression ofOCT4facilitates oocyte-mediated reprogramming in cloned porcine embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:820-32. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Peiqing Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Haijing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhenwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Guangyin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jintao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
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Kim KH, Lee KA. Maternal effect genes: Findings and effects on mouse embryo development. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2014; 41:47-61. [PMID: 25045628 PMCID: PMC4102690 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2014.41.2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stored maternal factors in oocytes regulate oocyte differentiation into embryos during early embryonic development. Before zygotic gene activation (ZGA), these early embryos are mainly dependent on maternal factors for survival, such as macromolecules and subcellular organelles in oocytes. The genes encoding these essential maternal products are referred to as maternal effect genes (MEGs). MEGs accumulate maternal factors during oogenesis and enable ZGA, progression of early embryo development, and the initial establishment of embryonic cell lineages. Disruption of MEGs results in defective embryogenesis. Despite their important functions, only a few mammalian MEGs have been identified. In this review we summarize the roles of known MEGs in mouse fertility, with a particular emphasis on oocytes and early embryonic development. An increased knowledge of the working mechanism of MEGs could ultimately provide a means to regulate oocyte maturation and subsequent early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeoung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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Chavez SL, McElroy SL, Bossert NL, De Jonge CJ, Rodriguez MV, Leong DE, Behr B, Westphal LM, Reijo Pera RA. Comparison of epigenetic mediator expression and function in mouse and human embryonic blastomeres. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4970-84. [PMID: 24821703 PMCID: PMC4140471 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A map of human embryo development that combines imaging, molecular, genetic and epigenetic data for comparisons to other species and across pathologies would be greatly beneficial for basic science and clinical applications. Here, we compared mRNA and protein expression of key mediators of DNA methylation and histone modifications between mouse and human embryos, embryos from fertile/infertile couples, and following growth factor supplementation. We observed that individual mouse and human embryos are characterized by similarities and distinct differences in DNA methylation and histone modification patterns especially at the single-cell level. In particular, while mouse embryos first exhibited sub-compartmentalization of different histone modifications between blastomeres at the morula stage and cell sub-populations in blastocysts, differential histone modification expression was detected between blastomeres earlier in human embryos at the four- to eight-cell stage. Likewise, differences in epigenetic mediator expression were also observed between embryos from fertile and infertile couples, which were largely equalized in response to growth factor supplementation, suggesting that select growth factors might prevent alterations in epigenetic profiles during prolonged embryo culture. Finally, we determined that reduced expression via morpholino technologies of a single histone-modifying enzyme, Rps6ka4/Msk2, resulted in cleavage-stage arrest as assessed by time-lapse imaging and was associated with aneuploidy generation. Taken together, data document differences in epigenetic patterns between species with implications for fertility and suggest functional roles for individual epigenetic factors during pre-implantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn L Chavez
- Center for Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sohyun L McElroy
- Center for Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nancy L Bossert
- Reproductive Medicine Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | | | - Maria Vera Rodriguez
- Center for Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Iviomics, Valencia, Spain
| | - Denise E Leong
- Center for Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Barry Behr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | | | - Renee A Reijo Pera
- Center for Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Wu G, Schöler HR. Role of Oct4 in the early embryo development. CELL REGENERATION 2014; 3:7. [PMID: 25408886 PMCID: PMC4230828 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9769-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oct4 is a key component of the pluripotency regulatory network, and its reciprocal interaction with Cdx2 has been shown to be a determinant of either the self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or their differentiation into trophoblast. Oct4 of maternal origin is postulated to play critical role in defining totipotency and inducing pluripotency during embryonic development. However, the genetic elimination of maternal Oct4 using a Cre-lox approach in mouse revealed that the establishment of totipotency in maternal Oct4–depleted embryos was not affected, and that these embryos could complete full-term development without any obvious defect. These results indicate that Oct4 is not essential for the initiation of pluripotency, in contrast to its critical role in maintaining pluripotency. This conclusion is further supported by the formation of Oct4-GFP– and Nanog- expressing inner cell masses (ICMs) in embryos with complete inactivation of both maternal and zygotic Oct4 expression and the reprogramming of fibroblasts into fully pluripotent cells by Oct4-deficient oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany ; Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
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