1
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Zeng D, Chen Y, Liao Z, Wei G, Huang X, Liang R, Lu WW, Yi D, Chen Y. Cartilage organoids and osteoarthritis research: a narrative review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1278692. [PMID: 38026876 PMCID: PMC10666186 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1278692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases, significantly impacting individuals and society. With the acceleration of global aging, the incidence of OA is increasing. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is not fully understood, and there is no effective way to alleviate the progression of osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new disease models and seek new treatments for OA. Cartilage organoids are three-dimensional tissue masses that can simulate organ structure and physiological function and play an important role in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. This review will briefly analyze the research progress of OA, focusing on the construction and current development of cartilage organoids, and then describe the application of cartilage organoids in OA modeling, drug screening, and regeneration and repair of cartilage and bone defects. Finally, some challenges and prospects in the development of cartilaginous organoids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofu Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yeping Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhidong Liao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guizheng Wei
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiajie Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongyuan Liang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - William W. Lu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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2
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Wilkes MC, Scanlon V, Shibuya A, Celika AM, Eskin A, Chen Z, Narla A, Glader B, Roncarolo MG, Nelson SF, Sakamoto KM. Downregulation of SATB1 by miRNAs Reduces Megakaryocyte/Erythroid Progenitor Expansion in pre-clinical models of Diamond Blackfan Anemia. Exp Hematol 2022; 111:66-78. [PMID: 35460833 PMCID: PMC9255422 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome that is associated with anemia, congenital anomalies, and cancer predisposition. It is categorized as a ribosomopathy, because over 80% or patients have haploinsufficiency of either a small or large subunit-associated ribosomal protein (RP). The erythroid pathology is predominantly due to a block and delay in early committed erythropoiesis with reduced Megakaryocyte/Erythroid Progenitors (MEPs). To understand the molecular pathways leading to pathogenesis of DBA, we performed RNA-seq on mRNA and miRNA from RPS19-deficient human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and compared an existing database documenting transcript fluctuations across stages of early normal erythropoiesis. We determined the chromatin regulator, SATB1 was prematurely downregulated through the coordinated action of upregulated miR-34 and miR-30 during differentiation in ribosomal-insufficiency. Restoration of SATB1 rescued MEP expansion, leading to a modest improvement in erythroid and megakaryocyte expansion in RPS19-insufficiency. However, SATB1 expression did not impact expansion of committed erythroid progenitors, indicating ribosomal insufficiency impacts multiple stages during erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Wilkes
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Vanessa Scanlon
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06509, USA
| | - Aya Shibuya
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alma-Martina Celika
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305 USA
| | - Ascia Eskin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zugen Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anupama Narla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Bert Glader
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305 USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Sakamoto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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3
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Garcia-Alegria E, Menegatti S, Batta K, Cuvertino S, Florkowska M, Kouskoff V. Emerging concepts for the in vitro derivation of murine haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4116-4125. [PMID: 27404333 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Well into the second decade of the 21st century, the field of regenerative medicine is bursting with hopes and promises to heal young and old. The bespoken generation of cells is thought to offer unprecedented cures for a vast range of diseases. Haematological disorders have already benefited tremendously from stem cell therapy in the form of bone marrow transplantation. However, lack of compatible donors often means that patients remain on transplantation waiting lists for too long. The in vitro derivation of haematopoietic stem cells offers the possibility to generate tailor-made cells for the treatment of these patients. Promising approaches to generate in vitro-derived blood progenitors include the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and the reprogramming of somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Garcia-Alegria
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Menegatti
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Kiran Batta
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Cuvertino
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Magdalena Florkowska
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
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4
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Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein L is required for the survival and functional integrity of murine hematopoietic stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27379. [PMID: 27271479 PMCID: PMC4895350 DOI: 10.1038/srep27379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and survival of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has to be strictly coordinated to ensure the timely production of all blood cells. Here we report that the splice factor and RNA binding protein hnRNP L (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L) is required for hematopoiesis, since its genetic ablation in mice reduces almost all blood cell lineages and causes premature death of the animals. In agreement with this, we observed that hnRNP L deficient HSCs lack both the ability to self-renew and foster hematopoietic differentiation in transplanted hosts. They also display mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated levels of γH2AX, are Annexin V positive and incorporate propidium iodide indicating that they undergo cell death. Lin(-)c-Kit(+) fetal liver cells from hnRNP L deficient mice show high p53 protein levels and up-regulation of p53 target genes. In addition, cells lacking hnRNP L up-regulated the expression of the death receptors TrailR2 and CD95/Fas and show Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Parp cleavage. Treatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk, but not the deletion of p53, restored cell survival in hnRNP L deficient cells. Our data suggest that hnRNP L is critical for the survival and functional integrity of HSCs by restricting the activation of caspase-dependent death receptor pathways.
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5
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Okabe M, Ito S, Nishio N, Tanaka Y, Isobe KI. Thymic Epithelial Cells Induced from Pluripotent Stem Cells by a Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture System Regenerates Functional T Cells in Nude Mice. Cell Reprogram 2015; 17:368-75. [PMID: 26348437 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is mainly composed of two types of epithelial cells, medullary thymic epithelial cells and cortex thymic epithelial cells (mTECs and cTECs). The tissue structure and mechanism for T cell development are complicated, with generation of the thymus regulated by complex molecular and cellular interactions of the thymic microenvironment during embryogenesis. Since the development of organ regeneration techniques became available, complete in vitro regeneration of the thymus has been attempted. Steric induction systems are thought to be optimal for tissue regeneration, but three-dimensional (3-D) induction of TECs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has not yet been reported. Here, we demonstrate the induction of functional TECs from iPSCs by a 3-D spheroid culture system with recruitment of robust numbers of T cells into the peripheral blood. Purified iPSC-derived TECs showed a sufficient expression level of FoxN1 comparable to TECs, and phenotypic analysis revealed that iPSC-derived TECs were expressing K5. Moreover, transplants of cell aggregations into recipient mice were not rejected and there was normal support of T cell development. Functional analysis revealed that T cells showed immune tolerance to both donor and recipient MHCs and could reject an allogeneic third party's skin graft without tumorigenesis. Taken together, these findings raised the possibility of using iPSC-derived TECs induced by 3-D spheroid culture in future regenerative therapy for patients with immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohito Okabe
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naomi Nishio
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuriko Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Isobe
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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6
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Functional Restoration of gp91phox-Oxidase Activity by BAC Transgenesis and Gene Targeting in X-linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease iPSCs. Mol Ther 2015; 24:812-22. [PMID: 26316390 PMCID: PMC4886927 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited immunodeficiency, caused by the inability of neutrophils to produce functional NADPH oxidase required for fighting microbial infections. The X-linked form of CGD (X-CGD), which is due to mutations in the CYBB (gp91phox) gene, a component of NADPH oxidase, accounts for about two-thirds of CGD cases. We derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from X-CGD patient keratinocytes using a Flp recombinase excisable lentiviral reprogramming vector. For restoring gp91phox function, we applied two strategies: transposon-mediated bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis and gene targeting using vectors with a fixed 5' homology arm (HA) of 8 kb and 3'HA varying in size from 30 to 80 kb. High efficiency of homologous recombination (up to 22%) was observed with increased size of the 3'HA. Both, BAC transgenesis and gene targeting resulted in functional restoration of the gp91phox measured by an oxidase activity assay in X-CGD iPSCs differentiated into the myeloid lineage. In conclusion, we delivered an important milestone towards the use of genetically corrected autologous cells for the treatment of X-CGD and monogenic diseases in general.
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7
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Kitajima K, Kawaguchi M, Miyashita K, Nakajima M, Kanokoda M, Hara T. Efficient production of T cells from mouse pluripotent stem cells by controlled expression of Lhx2. Genes Cells 2015; 20:720-38. [PMID: 26153538 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
LIM-homeobox transcription factor Lhx2 induces ex vivo amplification of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mice. We previously showed that engraftable HSC-like cells are generated from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells by enforced expression of Lhx2. However, when these HSC-like cells were transplanted into irradiated congenic mice, donor-derived T cells were barely detectable, whereas other lineages of hematopoietic cells were continuously produced. Here we investigated T-cell differentiation potential of the Lhx2-induced HSC-like cells using ESCs carrying doxycycline (dox)-inducible Lhx2 expression cassette. Dox-mediated over-expression of Lhx2 conferred a self-renewing activity to ESC-derived c-Kit(+) CD41(+) embryonic hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), thereby converting them to HSC-like cells. When these HSC-like cells were transplanted into irradiated immunodeficient mice and they were supplied with a dox-containing water, CD4/8 double negative T cells were detected in their thymi. Once the Lhx2 expression was terminated, differentiation of CD4/8 double positive and single positive T cells was initiated in the thymi of transplanted mice and mature T cells were released in the peripheral blood. These results showed that engraftable HSC-like cells with full hematopoietic potential can be obtained from ESCs by the conditional expression of Lhx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kitajima
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Manami Kawaguchi
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyashita
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Marino Nakajima
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mai Kanokoda
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hara
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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8
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Pearson S, Cuvertino S, Fleury M, Lacaud G, Kouskoff V. In vivo repopulating activity emerges at the onset of hematopoietic specification during embryonic stem cell differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:431-44. [PMID: 25660408 PMCID: PMC4375940 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of in vivo repopulating hematopoietic cells from in vitro differentiating embryonic stem cells has remained a long-standing challenge. To date, hematopoietic engraftment has mostly been achieved through the enforced expression of ectopic transcription factors. Here, we describe serum-free culture conditions that allow the generation of in vivo repopulating hematopoietic cells in the absence of ectopically expressed factors. We show that repopulating activity arises immediately upon the commitment of mesodermal precursors to the blood program, within the first wave of hematopoietic specification. We establish that the formation of these progenitors is extremely transient and exquisitely sensitive to the cytokine milieu. Our findings define the precise differentiating stage at which hematopoietic repopulating activity first appears in vitro, and suggest that during embryonic stem cell differentiation, all hematopoietic programs are unraveled simultaneously from the mesoderm in the absence of cues that restrict the coordinated emergence of each lineage as is normally observed during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Pearson
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Sara Cuvertino
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Maud Fleury
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
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9
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Ebina W, Rossi DJ. Transcription factor-mediated reprogramming toward hematopoietic stem cells. EMBO J 2015; 34:694-709. [PMID: 25712209 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo generation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from renewable cell types has been a long sought-after but elusive goal in regenerative medicine. Paralleling efforts to guide pluripotent stem cell differentiation by manipulating developmental cues, substantial progress has been made recently toward HSC generation via combinatorial transcription factor (TF)-mediated fate conversion, a paradigm established by Yamanaka's induction of pluripotency in somatic cells by mere four TFs. This review will integrate the recently reported strategies to directly convert a variety of starting cell types toward HSCs in the context of hematopoietic transcriptional regulation and discuss how these findings could be further developed toward the ultimate generation of therapeutic human HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ebina
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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10
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Mizuno M, Yamada M, Mitamura R, Ike K, Toyama K, Seki M. Magnetophoresis-Integrated Hydrodynamic Filtration System for Size- and Surface Marker-Based Two-Dimensional Cell Sorting. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7666-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mizuno
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masumi Yamada
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Mitamura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kohei Ike
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kaori Toyama
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Minoru Seki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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11
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Lim WF, Inoue-Yokoo T, Tan KS, Lai MI, Sugiyama D. Hematopoietic cell differentiation from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:71. [PMID: 23796405 PMCID: PMC3706875 DOI: 10.1186/scrt222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells, both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are undifferentiated cells that can self-renew and potentially differentiate into all hematopoietic lineages, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), hematopoietic progenitor cells and mature hematopoietic cells in the presence of a suitable culture system. Establishment of pluripotent stem cells provides a comprehensive model to study early hematopoietic development and has emerged as a powerful research tool to explore regenerative medicine. Nowadays, HSC transplantation and hematopoietic cell transfusion have successfully cured some patients, especially in malignant hematological diseases. Owing to a shortage of donors and a limited number of the cells, hematopoietic cell induction from pluripotent stem cells has been regarded as an alternative source of HSCs and mature hematopoietic cells for intended therapeutic purposes. Pluripotent stem cells are therefore extensively utilized to facilitate better understanding in hematopoietic development by recapitulating embryonic development in vivo, in which efficient strategies can be easily designed and deployed for the generation of hematopoietic lineages in vitro. We hereby review the current progress of hematopoietic cell induction from embryonic stem/induced pluripotent stem cells.
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12
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Tan JY, Sriram G, Rufaihah AJ, Neoh KG, Cao T. Efficient derivation of lateral plate and paraxial mesoderm subtypes from human embryonic stem cells through GSKi-mediated differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1893-906. [PMID: 23413973 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrae mesoderm is a source of cells that forms a variety of tissues, including the heart, vasculature, and blood. Consequently, the derivation of various mesoderm-specific cell types from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has attracted the interest of many investigators owing to their therapeutic potential in clinical applications. However, the need for efficient and reliable methods of differentiation into mesoderm lineage cell types remains a significant challenge. Here, we demonstrated that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is an essential first step toward efficient generation of the mesoderm. Under chemically defined conditions without additional growth factors/cytokines, short-term GSK inhibitor (GSKi) treatment effectively drives differentiation of hESCs into the primitive streak (PS), which can potentially commit toward the mesoderm when further supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein 4. Further analysis confirmed that the PS-like cells derived from GSKi treatment are bipotential, being able to specify toward the endoderm as well. Our findings suggest that the bipotential, PS/mesendoderm-like cell population exists only at the initial stages of GSK-3 inhibition, whereas long-term inhibition results in an endodermal fate. Lastly, we demonstrated that our differentiation approach could efficiently generate lateral plate (CD34(+)KDR(+)) and paraxial (CD34(-)PDGFRα(+)) mesoderm subsets that can be further differentiated along the endothelial and smooth muscle lineages, respectively. In conclusion, our study presents a unique approach for generating early mesoderm progenitors in a chemically directed fashion through the use of small-molecule GSK-3 inhibitor, which may be useful for future applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yong Tan
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Slukvin II. Deciphering the hierarchy of angiohematopoietic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:720-7. [PMID: 23388453 PMCID: PMC3610719 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of sequential progenitors leading to blood formation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) will be essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of hematopoietic lineage specification and for development of technologies for in vitro production of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). It is well established that during development, blood and endothelial cells in the extraembryonic and embryonic compartments are formed in parallel from precursors with angiogenic and hematopoietic potentials. However, the identity and hierarchy of these precursors in human PSC (hPSC) cultures remain obscure. Using developmental stage-specific mesodermal and endothelial markers and functional assays, we recently identified discrete populations of angiohematopoietic progenitors from hPSCs, including mesodermal precursors and hemogenic endothelial cells with primitive and definitive hematopoietic potentials. In addition, we discovered a novel population of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors with an erythroid phenotype, which retain angiogenic potential. Here we introduce our recent findings and discuss their implication for defining putative HSC precursor and factors required for activation of self-renewal potential in hematopoietic cells emerging from endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Slukvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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14
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Tashiro K, Omori M, Kawabata K, Hirata N, Yamaguchi T, Sakurai F, Takaki S, Mizuguchi H. Inhibition of Lnk in Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Promotes Hematopoietic Cell Generation. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:3381-90. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Tashiro
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Omori
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawabata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobue Hirata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Kieusseian A, Brunet de la Grange P, Burlen-Defranoux O, Godin I, Cumano A. Immature hematopoietic stem cells undergo maturation in the fetal liver. Development 2012; 139:3521-30. [PMID: 22899849 DOI: 10.1242/dev.079210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are defined by their capacity to reconstitute adult conventional mice, are first found in the dorsal aorta after 10.5 days post coitus (dpc) and in the fetal liver at 11 dpc. However, lympho-myeloid hematopoietic progenitors are detected in the dorsal aorta from 9 dpc, raising the issue of their role in establishing adult hematopoiesis. Here, we show that these progenitors are endowed with long-term reconstitution capacity, but only engraft natural killer (NK)-deficient Rag2γc(-/-) mice. This novel population, called here immature HSCs, evolves in culture with thrombopoietin and stromal cells, into HSCs, defined by acquisition of CD45 and MHC-1 expression and by the capacity to reconstitute NK-competent mice. This evolution occurs during ontogeny, as early colonization of fetal liver by immature HSCs precedes that of HSCs. Moreover, organ culture experiments show that immature HSCs acquire, in this environment, the features of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Kieusseian
- Unite de Lymphopoièse, INSERM U668, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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16
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Yamaguchi T, Hamanaka S, Kamiya A, Okabe M, Kawarai M, Wakiyama Y, Umino A, Hayama T, Sato H, Lee YS, Kato-Itoh M, Masaki H, Kobayashi T, Yamazaki S, Nakauchi H. Development of an all-in-one inducible lentiviral vector for gene specific analysis of reprogramming. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41007. [PMID: 22815895 PMCID: PMC3399796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fair comparison of reprogramming efficiencies and in vitro differentiation capabilities among induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines has been hampered by the cellular and genetic heterogeneity of de novo infected somatic cells. In order to address this problem, we constructed a single cassette all-in-one inducible lentiviral vector (Ai-LV) for the expression of three reprogramming factors (Oct3/4, Klf4 and Sox2). To obtain multiple types of somatic cells having the same genetic background, we generated reprogrammable chimeric mice using iPSCs derived from Ai-LV infected somatic cells. Then, hepatic cells, hematopoietic cells and fibroblasts were isolated at different developmental stages from the chimeric mice, and reprogrammed again to generate 2nd iPSCs. The results revealed that somatic cells, especially fetal hepatoblasts were reprogrammed 1200 times more efficiently than adult hepatocytes with maximum reprogramming efficiency reaching 12.5%. However, we found that forced expression of c-Myc compensated for the reduced reprogramming efficiency in aged somatic cells without affecting cell proliferation. All these findings suggest that the Ai-LV system enables us to generate a panel of iPSC clones derived from various tissues with the same genetic background, and thus provides an invaluable tool for iPSC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TY); (HN)
| | - Sanae Hamanaka
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kamiya
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohito Okabe
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Kawarai
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Wakiyama
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Umino
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Hayama
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youn-Su Lee
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato-Itoh
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TY); (HN)
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17
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Balmer GM, Riley PR. Harnessing the potential of adult cardiac stem cells: lessons from haematopoiesis, the embryo and the niche. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:631-40. [PMID: 22700450 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Across biomedicine, there is a major drive to develop stem cell (SC) treatments for debilitating diseases. Most effective treatments restore an embryonic phenotype to adult SCs. This has led to two emerging paradigms in SC biology: the application of developmental biology studies and the manipulation of the SC niche. Developmental studies can reveal how SCs are orchestrated to build organs, the understanding of which is important in order to instigate tissue repair in the adult. SC niche studies can reveal cues that maintain SC 'stemness' and how SCs may be released from the constraints of the niche to differentiate and repopulate a 'failing' organ. The haematopoietic system provides an exemplar whereby characterisation of the blood lineages during development and the bone marrow niche has resulted in therapeutics now routinely used in the clinic. Ischaemic heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and the question remains as to whether these principles can be applied to the heart, in order to exploit the potential of adult SCs for use in cardiovascular repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M Balmer
- Molecular Medicine Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
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18
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Forrester LM, Jackson M. Mechanism of action of HOXB4 on the hematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2012; 30:379-85. [PMID: 22267295 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into hematopoietic lineages in vitro and hold promise for the future treatment of hematological disease. Differentiation strategies involving defined factors in serum-free conditions have been successful in producing hematopoietic progenitors and some mature cell types from mouse and human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent cells. However, these precisely defined protocols are relatively inefficient and have not been used successfully to produce hematopoietic stem cells capable of multilineage long-term reconstitution of the hematopoietic system. More complex differentiation induction strategies including coculture with stromal cells derived from sites of hematopoietic activity in vivo and enforced expression of reprogramming transcription factors, such as HOXB4, have been required to increase the efficiency of the differentiation procedure and to produce these most potent hematopoietic stem cells. We review the studies that have used HOXB4 to improve hematopoietic differentiation from pluripotent cells focusing on studies that have provided some insight into its mechanism of action. A better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the action of HOXB4 might lead to more defined culture systems and safer protocols for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley M Forrester
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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19
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Costa G, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. Origin of blood cells and HSC production in the embryo. Trends Immunol 2012; 33:215-23. [PMID: 22365572 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into all blood cell types. During adult life, they reside in the bone marrow in a quiescent state. By contrast, in the growing embryo hematopoiesis is sequentially found in several developmental niches. This review provides an overview of the still controversial contribution of each of these embryonic sites to the final pool of adult HSCs and discusses new insights into the cellular origin and the molecular regulation implicated in the generation of blood progenitor cells. A better understanding of HSC development during ontogeny is essential to develop new strategies to amplify HSCs or to generate them from embryonic stem cells or by somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Costa
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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20
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Modeling human hematopoietic cell development from pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:601-11. [PMID: 22510344 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the steps and cues that allow hematopoietic cells to be generated during development holds great clinical as well as biological interest. Analysis of these events in mice has provided many important insights into the processes involved, but features that might be unique to humans remain challenging to elucidate because they cannot be studied directly in vivo. Human embryonic stem or induced pluripotent stem cells offer attractive in vitro alternatives to analyze the process. Here we review recent efforts to develop defined and quantitative systems to address outstanding developmental questions against a background of what we know about the development of hematopoietic cells in the fetus and derived from mouse embryonic stem cells.
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21
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Experimental limitations using reprogrammed cells for hematopoietic differentiation. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:895086. [PMID: 22187531 PMCID: PMC3237023 DOI: 10.1155/2011/895086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We review here our experiences with the in vitro reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and subsequent in vitro development of hematopoietic cells from these iPSC and from embryonic stem cells (ESC). While, in principle, the in vitro reprogramming and subsequent differentiation can generate hematopoietic cell from any somatic cells, it is evident that many of the steps in this process need to be significantly improved before it can be applied to human cells and used in clinical settings of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantations.
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22
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Tashiro K, Kawabata K, Omori M, Yamaguchi T, Sakurai F, Katayama K, Hayakawa T, Mizuguchi H. Promotion of hematopoietic differentiation from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells by transient HoxB4 transduction. Stem Cell Res 2011; 8:300-11. [PMID: 22000550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic expression of HoxB4 in embryonic stem (ES) cells leads to an efficient production of hematopoietic cells, including hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Previous studies have utilized a constitutive HoxB4 expression system or tetracycline-regulated HoxB4 expression system to induce hematopoietic cells from ES cells. However, these methods cannot be applied therapeutically due to the risk of transgenes being integrated into the host genome. Here, we report the promotion of hematopoietic differentiation from mouse ES cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by transient HoxB4 expression using an adenovirus (Ad) vector. Ad vector could mediate efficient HoxB4 expression in ES cell-derived embryoid bodies (ES-EBs) and iPS-EBs, and its expression was decreased during cultivation, showing that Ad vector transduction was transient. A colony-forming assay revealed that the number of hematopoietic progenitor cells with colony-forming potential in HoxB4-transduced cells was significantly increased in comparison with that in non-transduced cells or LacZ-transduced cells. HoxB4-transduced cells also showed more efficient generation of CD41-, CD45-, or Sca-1-positive cells than control cells. These results indicate that transient, but not constitutive, HoxB4 expression is sufficient to augment the hematopoietic differentiation of ES and iPS cells, and that our method would be useful for clinical applications, such as cell transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Tashiro
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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23
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Seiler K, Soroush Noghabi M, Karjalainen K, Hummel M, Melchers F, Tsuneto M. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Expressing Elevated Levels of Sox-2, Oct-4, and Klf-4 Are Severely Reduced in Their Differentiation from Mesodermal to Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1131-42. [PMID: 21348597 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Seiler
- Senior Research Group Lymphocyte Development, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Karjalainen
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Senior Research Group Lymphocyte Development, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Senior Research Group Lymphocyte Development, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Solano ME, Jago C, Pincus MK, Arck PC. Highway to health; or How prenatal factors determine disease risks in the later life of the offspring. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 90:3-8. [PMID: 21641655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fetal development is largely dependent on the mother. However, pregnancy maintenance and consequently fetal development are highly vulnerable and sensitive to disruption, triggered by, for example, prenatal stress challenge. Such prenatal stress challenge modulates the maternal endocrine and immune responses during pregnancy e.g. by decreasing levels of progesterone. Prenatal stress also has negative repercussions for the child's health later in life. It has been reported that prenatal stress increases the risk of the child to develop chronic immune diseases such as allergies and asthma. We therefore propose that prenatal stress challenge - associated with a decrease in maternal progesterone - impairs fetal immune development (immune ontogeny). Such impaired immune ontogeny carries over into postnatal life, rendering the child more prone to developing chronic immune diseases. This purported association urgently requires a fresh evaluation in order to identify biomarkers and cascades of events. In the present review, we outline candidate biomarkers involved in fetal immune ontogeny, which may be targets of prenatal stress challenge and subsequently determine offspring disease risk. Identification of these stress-sensitive biomarkers may allow detection of pregnant women at risk to deliver chronic immune disease-prone offspring. The creation of therapeutic interventions designed to prevent negative consequences of prenatal stress would then be within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Emilia Solano
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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25
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26
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In vitro generation of HSC-like cells from murine ESCs/iPSCs by enforced expression of LIM-homeobox transcription factor Lhx2. Blood 2011; 117:3748-58. [PMID: 21343610 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-298596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of genes involved in in vitro differentiation induction of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been challenged during last decade. To date, a homeobox transcription factor Hoxb4 has been only demonstrated to possess such an effect in mice. Here, we show that HSC-like cells were efficiently induced from mouse ESCs by enforced expression of Lhx2, a LIM-homeobox transcription factor. Transduction of Lhx2 into ESC-derived mesodermal cells resulted in robust differentiation of c-Kit(+)/Sca-1(+)/Lineage(-) (KSL) cells in vitro. The KSL cell induction frequency was superior to the case of Hoxb4. Furthermore, transplantation of Lhx2-transduced hematopoietic cells into lethally irradiated mice resulted in multilineage repopulation of hematopoietic cells over 4 months. Transduction of Lhx2 into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was also effective in generating KSL cells in vitro, as well as HSC-like activities in vivo. These results demonstrate that ectopic expression of Lhx2 confers an in vivo engrafting capacity to ESC/iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells and in vivo behavior of iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells is almost identical to that of ESC-derived cells.
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27
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Lee KY, Fong BSP, Tsang KS, Lau TK, Ng PC, Lam AC, Chan KYY, Wang CC, Kung HF, Li CK, Li K. Fetal Stromal Niches Enhance Human Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Hematopoietic Differentiation and Globin Switch. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:31-8. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- King Yiu Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Benny Shu Pan Fong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kam Sze Tsang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Tze Kin Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Pak Cheung Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Audrey Carmen Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kathy Yuen Yee Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hsiang Fu Kung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Kong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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28
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Outten JT, Cheng X, Gadue P, French DL, Diamond SL. A high-throughput multiplexed screening assay for optimizing serum-free differentiation protocols of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2010; 6:129-42. [PMID: 21169079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum-free differentiation protocols of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer the ability to maximize reproducibility and to develop clinically applicable therapies. We developed a high-throughput, 96-well plate, four-color flow cytometry-based assay to optimize differentiation media cocktails and to screen a variety of conditions. We were able to differentiate hESCs to all three primary germ layers, screen for the effect of a range of activin A, BMP4, and VEGF concentrations on endoderm and mesoderm differentiation, and perform RNA-interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of a reporter gene during differentiation. Cells were seeded in suspension culture and embryoid bodies were induced to differentiate to the three primary germ layers for 6 days. Endoderm (CXCR4(+)KDR(-)), mesoderm (KDR(+)SSEA-3(-)), and ectoderm (SSEA-3(+)NCAM(+)) differentiation yields for H9 cells were 80 ± 11, 78 ± 7, and 41 ± 9%, respectively. Germ layer identities were confirmed by quantitative PCR. Activin A, BMP4, and bFGF drove differentiation, with increasing concentrations of activin A inducing higher endoderm yields and increasing BMP4 inducing higher mesoderm yields. VEGF drove lateral mesoderm differentiation. RNAi-mediated knockdown of constitutively expressed red fluorescent protein did not affect endoderm differentiation. This assay facilitates the development of serum-free protocols for hESC differentiation to target lineages and creates a platform for screening small molecules or RNAi during ESC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Outten
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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29
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Davies SB, Di Girolamo N. Corneal stem cells and their origins: significance in developmental biology. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1651-62. [PMID: 20629538 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult corneal stem cells (SCs) have been the subject of substantial research over the past 2 decades, with promising clinical applications being devised, refined, and tried. However, there have been few studies on the early development of these cells in humans, perhaps due to ethical and practical constraints. This review highlights work that has yielded significant insights from developmental studies in the cornea and other SC repositories. This field merits further research to improve our current knowledge of the origin of SCs, their location, phenotype, function, and niche structure, as well as providing fresh insight into the pathogenesis of congenital diseases and new therapeutic avenues for treating a range of blinding corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Davies
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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30
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Huang CH, Chen PM, Lu TC, Kung WM, Chiou TJ, Yang MH, Kao JY, Wu KJ. Purified Recombinant TAT-Homeobox B4 Expands CD34+Umbilical Cord Blood and Peripheral Blood Progenitor CellsEx Vivo. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:487-96. [PMID: 19686058 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Min Chen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Lu
- Taiwan Advance Biopharm, Inc., Xizhi City, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Mei Kung
- Taiwan Advance Biopharm, Inc., Xizhi City, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yie Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Juey Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Downstream targets of HOXB4 in a cell line model of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 2010; 116:720-30. [PMID: 20404135 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-11-253872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enforced expression of the homeobox transcription factor HOXB4 has been shown to enhance hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and expansion ex vivo and in vivo. To investigate the downstream targets of HOXB4 in hematopoietic progenitor cells, HOXB4 was constitutively overexpressed in the primitive hematopoietic progenitor cell line EML. Two genome-wide analytical techniques were used: RNA expression profiling using microarrays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-chip. RNA expression profiling revealed that 465 gene transcripts were differentially expressed in KLS (c-Kit(+), Lin(-), Sca-1(+))-EML cells that overexpressed HOXB4 (KLS-EML-HOXB4) compared with control KLS-EML cells that were transduced with vector alone. In particular, erythroid-specific gene transcripts were observed to be highly down-regulated in KLS-EML-HOXB4 cells. ChIP-chip analysis revealed that the promoter region for 1910 genes, such as CD34, Sox4, and B220, were occupied by HOXB4 in KLS-EML-HOXB4 cells. Side-by-side comparison of the ChIP-chip and RNA expression profiling datasets provided correlative information and identified Gp49a and Laptm4b as candidate "stemness-related" genes. Both genes were highly ranked in both dataset lists and have been previously shown to be preferentially expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and down-regulated in mature hematopoietic cells, thus making them attractive candidates for future functional studies in hematopoietic cells.
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