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Gu Q, Yin S, Tong X, Rui F, Zhu Y, Ma X, Huang R, Wu C, Li J. Current research insights into the role of CTLA-4 in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:557-564. [PMID: 38771314 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global public health concern, and the clearance of HBV is closely linked to the activity of HBV-specific T cells, which is regulated by various co-suppressor molecules. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is among these co-suppressor molecules which induces T cell exhaustion by competitively inhibiting CD28 and dampening the function of HBV-specific T cells. CTLA-4 also plays a role in the regulation of T helper (Th) cell differentiation and influences cytokine release. In addition, CTLA-4 can impact glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma through its interaction with T regulatory (Treg) cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature related to the role of CTLA-4 in HBV patients across different subsets of T cells. Additionally, we propose a discussion on the possible mechanisms through which CTLA-4 may contribute to HBV infection, as well as the development of HBV-induced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengxia Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fajuan Rui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixuan Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Groen SS, Bay-Jensen AC, Thudium CS, Dziegiel MH, Skougaard M, Thomsen SF, Nielsen SH. Evaluating the inhibition of IL-17A and TNFα in a cartilage explant model cultured with Th17-derived cytokines. J Transl Autoimmun 2024; 8:100231. [PMID: 38292069 PMCID: PMC10826309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2024.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction T-helper 17 (Th17) cells produce IL-17A playing a critical role in activating the pathogenic chain leading to joint tissue inflammation and destruction. Elevated levels of Th17 cells and IL-17A have been detected in skin lesions, blood, and synovial fluid from patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Moreover, IL-17A inhibitors suppress disease activity in psoriasis, PsA and AS, supporting the evidence of IL-17A contributing to the disease pathogenesis. Although, IL-17A inhibitors are widely approved, it remains unclear how the inhibitory effect of IL-17A alters the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the joint in a Th17-conditioned inflammatory milieu. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a cartilage model cultured with conditioned medium from Th17 cells and inhibitors to explore the effect of IL-17A inhibition on joint tissue remodeling. Methods Naïve CD4+ T cells from healthy human buffy coat were differentiated into Th17 cells, followed by Th17 cell activation to secrete Th17-related cytokines and molecules into media. The activated Th17 cells were isolated from the conditioned media (CM) and analyzed using flow cytometry to verify Th17 cell differentiation. The CM were assessed with ELISA to quantify the concentrations of cytokines secreted into the media by the Th17 cells. Healthy bovine cartilage explants were cultured with the Th17-CM and treated with IL-17A and TNFα inhibitors for 21 days. In harvested supernatant from the cartilage cultures, MMP- and ADAMTS-mediated biomarker fragments of type II collagen, aggrecan, and fibronectin were measured by ELISA to investigate the ECM remodeling within the cartilage tissue. Results Th17-CM stimulated a catabolic response in the cartilage. Markers of type II collagen and aggrecan degradation were upregulated, while anabolic marker of type II collagen formation remained on similar levels as the untreated explants. The addition of IL-17A inhibitor to Th17-CM decreased the elevated type II collagen and aggrecan degradation, however, degenerative levels were still elevated compared to untreated group. The addition of TNFα inhibitor completely reduced both type II collagen and aggrecan degradation compared to untreated explants. Moreover, the TNFα inhibitor treatment did not alter the type II collagen formation compared to untreated group. Conclusion This study suggests that inhibition of IL-17A in Th17-conditioned cartilage tissue only partially reduced the MMP-mediated type II collagen degradation and ADAMTS-mediated aggrecan degradation, while the TNFα inhibitor treatment fully reduced both MMP- and ADAMTS-mediated ECM degradation. This exploratory study where ECM biomarkers are combined with Th17-conditioned ex vivo model may hold great potential as output for describing joint disease mechanisms and predicting structural effects of treatment on joint tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Skovlund Groen
- Immunoscience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten H. Dziegiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Skougaard
- The Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Francis Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Holm Nielsen
- Immunoscience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Revu SK, Yang W, Rajasundaram D, Brady A, Majumder S, Gaffen SL, Hawse W, Xia Z, McGeachy MJ. Human IL-17A protein production is controlled through a PIP5K1α-dependent translational checkpoint. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo6555. [PMID: 37874883 PMCID: PMC10880140 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) is secreted by T helper 17 (TH17) cells and is beneficial for microbial control; however, it also causes inflammation and pathological tissue remodeling in autoimmunity. Hence, TH17 cell differentiation and IL-17 production must be tightly regulated, but, to date, this has been defined only in terms of transcriptional control. Phosphatidylinositols are second messengers produced during T cell activation that transduce signals from the T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory receptors at the plasma membrane. Here, we found that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) was enriched in the nuclei of human TH17 cells, which depended on the kinase PIP5K1α, and that inhibition of PIP5K1α impaired IL-17A production. In contrast, nuclear PIP2 enrichment was not observed in TH1 or TH2 cells, and these cells did not require PIP5K1α for cytokine production. In T cells from people with multiple sclerosis, IL-17 production elicited by myelin basic protein was blocked by PIP5K1α inhibition. IL-17 protein was affected without altering either the abundance or stability of IL17A mRNA in TH17 cells. Instead, analysis of PIP5K1α-associating proteins revealed that PIP5K1α interacted with ARS2, a nuclear cap-binding complex scaffold protein, to facilitate its binding to IL17A mRNA and subsequent IL-17A protein production. These findings highlight a transcription-independent, translation-dependent mechanism for regulating IL-17A protein production that might be relevant to other cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar K. Revu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | - Alexander Brady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Saikat Majumder
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sarah L. Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - William Hawse
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zongqi Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Mandy J. McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Wyatt MM, Huff LW, Nelson MH, Neal LR, Medvec AR, Rangel Rivera GO, Smith AS, Rivera Reyes AM, Knochelmann HM, Riley JL, Lesinski GB, Paulos CM. Augmenting TCR signal strength and ICOS costimulation results in metabolically fit and therapeutically potent human CAR Th17 cells. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2120-2131. [PMID: 37081789 PMCID: PMC10362414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17-producing antigen-specific human T cells elicit potent antitumor activity in mice. Yet, refinement of this approach is needed to position it for clinical use. While activation signal strength regulates IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells, the degree to which T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and costimulation signal strength influences Th17 immunity remains unknown. We discovered that decreasing TCR/costimulation signal strength by incremental reduction of αCD3/costimulation beads progressively altered Th17 phenotype. Moreover, Th17 cells stimulated with αCD3/inducible costimulator (ICOS) beads produced more IL-17A, IFNγ, IL-2, and IL-22 than those stimulated with αCD3/CD28 beads. Compared with Th17 cells stimulated with the standard, strong signal strength (three beads per T cell), Th17 cells propagated with 30-fold fewer αCD3/ICOS beads were less reliant on glucose and favored the central carbon pathway for bioenergetics, marked by abundant intracellular phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Importantly, Th17 cells stimulated with weak αCD3/ICOS beads and redirected with a chimeric antigen receptor that recognizes mesothelin were more effective at clearing human mesothelioma. Less effective CAR Th17 cells generated with high αCD3/ICOS beads were rescued by overexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), a PEP regulator. Thus, Th17 therapy can be improved by using fewer activation beads during manufacturing, a finding that is cost effective and directly translatable to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Logan W Huff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michelle H Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lillian R Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Andrew R Medvec
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guillermo O Rangel Rivera
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Amalia M Rivera Reyes
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hannah M Knochelmann
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - James L Riley
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Kargar M, Torabizadeh M, Purrahman D, Zayeri ZD, Saki N. Regulatory factors involved in Th17/Treg cell balance of immune thrombocytopenia. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103389. [PMID: 37062251 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia is a common heterogeneous autoimmune disease that is characterized by decreasing peripheral blood platelet counts and increasing risk of bleeding. Studies have shown that an imbalance between T helper 17 (Th17) and Regulatory T (Treg) cells differentiated from CD4+T-cells is a key factor influencing the development and pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. Th17 cells promote the development of chronic inflammatory disorders and induce autoimmune diseases, whereas Treg cells regulate immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmune diseases. Several regulators affecting the production and maintenance of these cells are also essential for proper regulation of Th17/Treg balance; these regulatory factors include cell surface proteins, miRNAs, and cytokine signaling. In this review, we focus on the function and role of balance between Th17 and Treg cells in immune thrombocytopenia, the regulatory factors, and therapeutic goals of this balance in immune thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Kargar
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Torabizadeh
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Daryush Purrahman
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Deris Zayeri
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Les I, Martínez M, Pérez-Francisco I, Cabero M, Teijeira L, Arrazubi V, Torrego N, Campillo-Calatayud A, Elejalde I, Kochan G, Escors D. Predictive Biomarkers for Checkpoint Inhibitor Immune-Related Adverse Events. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051629. [PMID: 36900420 PMCID: PMC10000735 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antagonists of inhibitory receptors in the immune system, such as the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, the programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand PD-L1, and they are increasingly used in cancer treatment. By blocking certain suppressive pathways, ICIs promote T-cell activation and antitumor activity but may induce so-called immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which mimic traditional autoimmune disorders. With the approval of more ICIs, irAE prediction has become a key factor in improving patient survival and quality of life. Several biomarkers have been described as potential irAE predictors, some of them are already available for clinical use and others are under development; examples include circulating blood cell counts and ratios, T-cell expansion and diversification, cytokines, autoantibodies and autoantigens, serum and other biological fluid proteins, human leucocyte antigen genotypes, genetic variations and gene profiles, microRNAs, and the gastrointestinal microbiome. Nevertheless, it is difficult to generalize the application of irAE biomarkers based on the current evidence because most studies have been retrospective, time-limited and restricted to a specific type of cancer, irAE or ICI. Long-term prospective cohorts and real-life studies are needed to assess the predictive capacity of different potential irAE biomarkers, regardless of the ICI type, organ involved or cancer site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Les
- Internal Medicine Department, Navarre University Hospital, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Navarre University Hospital, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Inflammatory and Immune-Mediated Diseases Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (D.E.); Tel.: +34-84-842-9516 (I.L.)
| | - Mireia Martínez
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Department of Medical Oncology, Araba University Hospital, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Lung Cancer Research Group, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Inés Pérez-Francisco
- Breast Cancer Research Group, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Cabero
- Clinical Trials Platform, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Lucía Teijeira
- Medical Oncology Department, Navarre University Hospital, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Virginia Arrazubi
- Medical Oncology Department, Navarre University Hospital, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nuria Torrego
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Department of Medical Oncology, Araba University Hospital, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Lung Cancer Research Group, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ana Campillo-Calatayud
- Inflammatory and Immune-Mediated Diseases Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Elejalde
- Internal Medicine Department, Navarre University Hospital, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Navarre University Hospital, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Inflammatory and Immune-Mediated Diseases Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarrabiomed-Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (D.E.); Tel.: +34-84-842-9516 (I.L.)
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Maślanka T. Effect of IL-27, Teriflunomide and Retinoic Acid and Their Combinations on CD4 + T Regulatory T Cells-An In Vitro Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238471. [PMID: 36500570 PMCID: PMC9739213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The principal goal of the study was to verify the concept of pharmacological induction of Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells which will additionally be characterized by a highly suppressive phenotype, i.e., by extensive CD25 and CD39 expression and IL-10 and TGF-β production. Stimulated and unstimulated murine lymphocytes were exposed to IL-27, teriflunomide (TER), and all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) alone and to their combinations. The study demonstrated that: (a) IL-27 alone induced CD39 expression on Treg cells and the generation of Tr1 cells; (b) TER alone induced Foxp3-expressing CD4+ T cells and up-regulated density of CD25 on these cells; TER also induced the ability of Treg cells to TGF-β production; (c) ATRA alone induced CD39 expression on Treg cells. The experiments revealed a strong superadditive effect between IL-27 and ATRA with respect to increasing CD39 expression on Treg cells. Moreover, IL-27 and ATRA in combination, but not alone, induced the ability of Treg cells to IL-10 production. However, the combination of IL-27, TER, and ATRA did not induce the generation of Treg cell subset with all described above features. This was due to the fact that TER abolished all listed above desired effects induced by IL-27 alone, ATRA alone, and their combination. IL-27 alone, ATRA alone, and their combination affected TER-induced effects to a lesser extent. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the aspect of pharmacological induction of Treg cells with a highly suppressive phenotype, the triple combination treatment with TER, IL-27, and ATRA does not provide any benefits over TER alone or dual combination including IL-27 and ATRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Maślanka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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8
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Two cases of ulcerative colitis that developed while using abatacept. Clin J Gastroenterol 2022; 15:924-928. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-022-01653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Sharma J, Mudalagiriyappa S, Nanjappa SG. T cell responses to control fungal infection in an immunological memory lens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905867. [PMID: 36177012 PMCID: PMC9513067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, fungal vaccine research emanated significant findings in the field of antifungal T-cell immunity. The generation of effector T cells is essential to combat many mucosal and systemic fungal infections. The development of antifungal memory T cells is integral for controlling or preventing fungal infections, and understanding the factors, regulators, and modifiers that dictate the generation of such T cells is necessary. Despite the deficiency in the clear understanding of antifungal memory T-cell longevity and attributes, in this review, we will compile some of the existing literature on antifungal T-cell immunity in the context of memory T-cell development against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Som Gowda Nanjappa
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Kang JA, Kwak JS, Park SH, Sim KY, Kim SK, Shin Y, Jung IJ, Yang JI, Chun JS, Park SG. ZIP8 exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis by increasing pathogenic T cell responses. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:560-571. [PMID: 33795795 PMCID: PMC8102558 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a trace element that is essential for immune responses. Therefore, changes in cellular zinc levels in specific immune cells may influence inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the regulation of zinc mobilization in immune cells and its role in the pathogenesis of RA are not fully understood. Thus, we investigated the roles of zinc transporters in RA pathogenesis. We demonstrated that ZIP8 was specifically upregulated in CD4+ T cells that infiltrated the inflamed joint and that ZIP8 deficiency in CD4+ T cells abrogated collagen-induced arthritis. ZIP8 deficiency dramatically affected zinc influx in effector T cells and profoundly reduced T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling, including NF-κB and MAPK signaling, which are pathways that are involved in T helper (Th) 17 cell differentiation. Taken together, our findings suggest that ZIP8 depletion in CD4+ T cells attenuates TCR signaling due to insufficient cellular zinc, thereby reducing the function of effector CD4+ T cells, including Th17 cells. Our results also suggest that targeting ZIP8 may be a useful strategy to inhibit RA development and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kwak
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Young Sim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnim Shin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jung Jung
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-In Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
- Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Gyoo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
- Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Clark M, Kroger CJ, Ke Q, Tisch RM. The Role of T Cell Receptor Signaling in the Development of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615371. [PMID: 33603744 PMCID: PMC7884625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling influences multiple aspects of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunobiology including thymic development, peripheral homeostasis, effector subset differentiation/function, and memory formation. Additional T cell signaling cues triggered by co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines also affect TCR signaling duration, as well as accessory pathways that further shape a T cell response. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-driven autoimmune disease targeting the insulin producing β cells in the pancreas. Evidence indicates that dysregulated TCR signaling events in T1D impact the efficacy of central and peripheral tolerance-inducing mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss how the strength and nature of TCR signaling events influence the development of self-reactive T cells and drive the progression of T1D through effects on T cell gene expression, lineage commitment, and maintenance of pathogenic anti-self T cell effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charles J Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Roland M Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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12
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Ko MK, Shao H, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. CD73 + Dendritic Cells in Cascading Th17 Responses of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis-Induced Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:601272. [PMID: 33343573 PMCID: PMC7738634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that CD73 is pivotal in the conversion of pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate into anti-inflammatory adenosine and that immune cells of the same type that express different levels of CD73 are functionally distinct. In this study we show that adenosine enhances the Th17 promoting effect of dendritic cells (DCs), and DCs expressing CD73 critically augment Th17 responses. Bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) do not constantly express CD73; however, a significant portion of the BMDCs expressed CD73 after exposure to Toll-like receptor ligand, leading to stronger Th17 responses by converting adenosine monophosphate to adenosine. We show that the CD73+ BMDCs play a critical role in cascading Th17 responses, and CD73+ BMDCs are functionally augmented after treatment with Toll-like receptor ligand. Splenic antigen presenting cells (DCs) of CD73−/− mouse have a poor Th17-stimulating effect, even after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or γδ T cells, indicating that induction of CD73+ DCs is critically involved in augmented Th17 responses. We conclude that CD73+ DCs critically trigger cascading Th17 responses, and the activated Th17 cells that express CD73 further augment Th17 responses, leading to cascading exacerbation. Hence, disabling the CD73 function of DCs should block this cascading response and mitigate Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinHee K Ko
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University (SLU) Eye Institute, SLU School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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Napier RJ, Lee EJ, Davey MP, Vance EE, Furtado JM, Snow PE, Samson KA, Lashley SJ, Brown BR, Horai R, Mattapallil MJ, Xu B, Callegan MC, Uebelhoer LS, Lancioni CL, Vehe RK, Binstadt BA, Smith JR, Caspi RR, Rosenzweig HL. T cell-intrinsic role for Nod2 in protection against Th17-mediated uveitis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5406. [PMID: 33106495 PMCID: PMC7589501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) cause Blau syndrome, an inflammatory disorder characterized by uveitis. The antimicrobial functions of Nod2 are well-established, yet the cellular mechanisms by which dysregulated Nod2 causes uveitis remain unknown. Here, we report a non-conventional, T cell-intrinsic function for Nod2 in suppression of Th17 immunity and experimental uveitis. Reconstitution of lymphopenic hosts with Nod2-/- CD4+ T cells or retina-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells lacking Nod2 reveals a T cell-autonomous, Rip2-independent mechanism for Nod2 in uveitis. In naive animals, Nod2 operates downstream of TCR ligation to suppress activation of memory CD4+ T cells that associate with an autoreactive-like profile involving IL-17 and Ccr7. Interestingly, CD4+ T cells from two Blau syndrome patients show elevated IL-17 and increased CCR7. Our data define Nod2 as a T cell-intrinsic rheostat of Th17 immunity, and open new avenues for T cell-based therapies for Nod2-associated disorders such as Blau syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J Napier
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ellen J Lee
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Michael P Davey
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Emily E Vance
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - João M Furtado
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Butanta, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paige E Snow
- Department of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Sydney J Lashley
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Reiko Horai
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | | | - Biying Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA.,Dean A. McGee Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Luke S Uebelhoer
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Christina L Lancioni
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Richard K Vehe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota and the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota and the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Justine R Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Holly L Rosenzweig
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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14
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Zhu L, Hua F, Ding W, Ding K, Zhang Y, Xu C. The correlation between the Th17/Treg cell balance and bone health. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:30. [PMID: 33072163 PMCID: PMC7557094 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the ageing of the world population, osteoporosis has become a problem affecting quality of life. According to the traditional view, the causes of osteoporosis mainly include endocrine disorders, metabolic disorders and mechanical factors. However, in recent years, the immune system and immune factors have been shown to play important roles in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Among these components, regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis, especially osteoclast differentiation. Treg cells and Th17 cells originate from the same precursor cells, and their differentiation requires involvement of the TGF-β regulated signalling pathway. Treg cells and Th17 cells have opposite functions. Treg cells inhibit the differentiation of osteoclasts in vivo and in vitro, while Th17 cells promote the differentiation of osteoclasts. Therefore, understanding the balance between Treg cells and Th17 cells is anticipated to provide a new idea for the development of novel treatments for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
| | - Fei Hua
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
| | - Wenge Ding
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
| | - Kai Ding
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
| | - Yige Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
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15
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CD4 T cell-intrinsic role for the T helper 17 signature cytokine IL-17: Effector resistance to immune suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19408-19414. [PMID: 32719138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Untoward effector CD4+ T cell responses are kept in check by immune regulatory mechanisms mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T helper 17 (Th17) cells, characterized by IL-17 production, play important roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, among others) and in the host response to infection and cancer. Here, we demonstrate that human CD4+ T cells cells exposed to a Th17-differentiating milieu are significantly more resistant to immune suppression by CD8+ T cells compared to control Th0 cells. This resistance is mediated, in part, through the action of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17AF heterodimer through their receptors (IL-17RA and IL-17RC) on CD4+ T cells themselves, but not through their action on CD8+ T cells or APC. We further show that IL-17 can directly act on non-Th17 effector CD4+ T cells to induce suppressive resistance, and this resistance can be reversed by blockade of IL-1β, IL-6, or STAT3. These studies reveal a role for IL-17 cytokines in mediating CD4-intrinsic immune resistance. The pathways induced in this process may serve as a critical target for future investigation and immunotherapeutic intervention.
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16
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Krummey SM, Hartigan CR, Liu D, Ford ML. CD28-Dependent CTLA-4 Expression Fine-Tunes the Activation of Human Th17 Cells. iScience 2020; 23:100912. [PMID: 32203908 PMCID: PMC7096747 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated that Th17 memory cells but not Th1 cells are resistant to CD28/CTLA-4 blockade with CTLA-4 Ig, leading us to investigate the individual roles of the CD28 and CTLA-4 cosignaling pathways on Th1 versus Th17 cells. We found that selective CD28 blockade with a domain antibody (dAb) inhibited Th1 cells but surprisingly augmented Th17 responses. CD28 agonism resulted in a profound increase in CTLA-4 expression in Th17 cells as compared with Th1 cells. Consistent with these findings, inhibition of the CD28 signaling protein AKT revealed that CTLA-4 expression on Th17 cells was more significantly reduced by AKT inhibition relative to CTLA-4 expression on Th17 cells. Finally, we found that FOXO1 and FOXO3 overexpression restrained high expression of CTLA-4 on Th17 cells but not Th1 cells. This study demonstrates that the heterogeneity of the CD4+ T cell compartment has implications for the immunomodulation of pathologic T cell responses. CD28 blockade resulted in augmentation of human Th17 cells relative to Th1 cells Th17 polarized mice exhibited graft rejection in the presence of CD28 blockade A significant portion of Th17 cell CTLA-4 expression was induced by CD28 ligation Overexpression of FOXO1 or FOXO3 inhibited Th17 cell CTLA-4 expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Krummey
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina R Hartigan
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danya Liu
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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17
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Burns LA, Maroof A, Marshall D, Steel KJA, Lalnunhlimi S, Cole S, Catrina A, Kirkham B, Taams LS. Presence, function, and regulation of IL-17F-expressing human CD4 + T cells. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:568-580. [PMID: 31850514 PMCID: PMC7187427 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A has been implicated in the immunopathology of inflammatory arthritis. IL-17F bears 50% homology to IL-17A and has recently been suggested to play a role in inflammation. We investigated the induction and cytokine profile of IL-17F+ CD4+ T cells, and how IL-17F may contribute to inflammation. Upon culture of healthy donor CD4+ T cells with IL-1β, IL-23, anti-CD3, and anti-CD28 mAb, both IL-17A and IL-17F-expressing cells were detected. In comparison to IL-17A+ IL-17F- CD4+ T cells, IL-17F+ IL-17A- and IL-17A+ IL-17F+ CD4+ T cells contained lower proportions of IL-10-expressing and GM-CSF-expressing cells and higher proportions of IFN-γ-expressing cells. Titration of anti-CD28 mAb revealed that strong co-stimulation increased IL-17F+ IL-17A- and IL-17A+ IL-17F+ CD4+ T cell frequencies, whereas IL-17A+ IL-17F- CD4+ T cell frequencies decreased. This was partly mediated via an IL-2-dependent mechanism. Addition of IL-17A, IL-17F, and TNF-α to synovial fibroblasts from patients with inflammatory arthritis resulted in significant production of IL-6 and IL-8, which was reduced to a larger extent by combined blockade of IL-17A and IL-17F than blockade of IL-17A alone. Our data indicate that IL-17A and IL-17F are differentially regulated upon T cell co-stimulation, and that dual blockade of IL-17A and IL-17F reduces inflammation more effectively than IL-17A blockade alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachrissa A Burns
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Kathryn J A Steel
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvine Lalnunhlimi
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anca Catrina
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruce Kirkham
- Dept Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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18
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Hartigan CR, Sun H, Ford ML. Memory T‐cell exhaustion and tolerance in transplantation. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:225-242. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - He Sun
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery Emory University Atlanta GA USA
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery Emory University Atlanta GA USA
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19
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Maeda S, Osaga S, Maeda T, Takeda N, Tamechika SY, Naniwa T, Niimi A. Circulating Th17.1 cells as candidate for the prediction of therapeutic response to abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: An exploratory research. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215192. [PMID: 31747403 PMCID: PMC6867595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T-helper (Th)17.1 cells exhibit high pathogenicity in inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to identify the changes in the proportions of Th subsets, including Th17.1, which are associated with abatacept treatment response in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. On the basis of the results, we assessed whether Th17.1 is a potential cellular biomarker. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to determine the circulating Th subsets among CD4+ T lymphocytes in 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis before abatacept treatment. All the patients received abatacept treatment for 24 weeks; changes in disease activity score, including 28-joint count C-reactive protein, and responsiveness indicated by other indices to abatacept treatment were evaluated according the European League Against Rheumatism criteria (good and moderate responders and nonresponders). The correlation between the abatacept responses and the proportions of Th subsets (baseline) was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis with inverse probability weighting method was performed to calculate the odds ratio adjusted for patient characteristics. The proportion of baseline Th17.1 cells was significantly lower in patients categorized as good responders than in those categorized as non-good responders (moderate responders and nonresponders; p = 0.0064). The decrease in 28-joint count C-reactive protein after 24 weeks of abatacept therapy showed a significant negative correlation with the proportion of Th17.1 cells. The adjusted odds ratio for achieving good response in patients with baseline Th17.1 levels below the median value was 14.6 (95% confidence interval, 2.9–72.3; p = 0.0021) relative to that in the remaining patients. The proportion of Th17.1 cells at baseline is a good candidate for predicting abatacept treatment response in Japanese patients. These novel findings may represent a significant step in the pursuit of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Satoshi Osaga
- Clinical Research Management Center, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihisa Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Tamechika
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taio Naniwa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Niimi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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20
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Jun JE, Kulhanek KR, Chen H, Chakraborty A, Roose JP. Alternative ZAP70-p38 signals prime a classical p38 pathway through LAT and SOS to support regulatory T cell differentiation. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/591/eaao0736. [PMID: 31337738 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation activates diverse kinase pathways, which include the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK and p38, the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), and the kinase mTOR. Although TCR stimulation activates the p38 pathway through a "classical" MAPK cascade that is mediated by the adaptor protein LAT, it also stimulates an "alternative" pathway in which p38 is activated by the kinase ZAP70. Here, we used dual-parameter, phosphoflow cytometry and in silico computation to investigate how both classical and alternative p38 pathways contribute to T cell activation. We found that basal ZAP70 activation in resting T cell lines reduced the threshold ("primed") TCR-stimulated activation of the classical p38 pathway. Classical p38 signals were reduced after T cell-specific deletion of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors Sos1 and Sos2, which are essential LAT signalosome components. As a consequence of Sos1/2 deficiency, production of the cytokine IL-2 was impaired, differentiation into regulatory T cells was reduced, and the autoimmune disease EAE was exacerbated in mice. These data suggest that the classical and alternative p38 activation pathways exist to generate immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse E Jun
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kayla R Kulhanek
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hang Chen
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arup Chakraborty
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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21
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Revu S, Wu J, Henkel M, Rittenhouse N, Menk A, Delgoffe GM, Poholek AC, McGeachy MJ. IL-23 and IL-1β Drive Human Th17 Cell Differentiation and Metabolic Reprogramming in Absence of CD28 Costimulation. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29514093 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells drive autoimmune disease but also control commensal microbes. A common link among antigens from self-proteins or commensal microbiota is relatively low activation of T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulation signaling. Indeed, strong TCR/CD28 stimulation suppressed Th17 cell differentiation from human naive T cells, but not effector/memory cells. CD28 suppressed the classical Th17 transcriptional program, while inducing known Th17 regulators, and acted through an Akt-dependent mechanism. Th17 cells differentiated without CD28 were not anergic: they showed robust proliferation and maintained Th17 cytokine production following restimulation. Interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-1β promoted glucose uptake and increased glycolysis. Although modestly increased compared to CD28 costimulation, glycolysis was necessary to support Th17 differentiation, indicating that cytokine-mediated metabolic shifts were sufficient to obviate the classical requirement for CD28 in Th17 differentiation. Together, these data propose that, in humans, strength of TCR/CD28/Akt activation serves as a rheostat tuning the magnitude of Th17 development driven by IL-23 and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Revu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Henkel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Ashley Menk
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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22
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Kunkl M, Mastrogiovanni M, Porciello N, Caristi S, Monteleone E, Arcieri S, Tuosto L. CD28 Individual Signaling Up-regulates Human IL-17A Expression by Promoting the Recruitment of RelA/NF-κB and STAT3 Transcription Factors on the Proximal Promoter. Front Immunol 2019; 10:864. [PMID: 31068940 PMCID: PMC6491678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CD28 is an important co-stimulatory receptor for T lymphocytes that, in humans, delivers TCR-independent signal leading to the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We have recently reported that CD28 autonomous signaling induces the expression of IL-17A in peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes from healthy donors, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes patients. Due to the relevance of IL-17A in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, we characterized the mechanisms and signaling mediators responsible for CD28-induced IL-17A expression. Here we show that CD28-mediated up-regulation of IL-17A gene expression depends on RelA/NF-κB and IL-6-associated STAT3 transcriptions factors. In particular, we found that CD28-activated RelA/NF-κB induces the expression of IL-6 that, in a positive feedback loop, mediates the activation and nuclear translocation of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3). pSTAT3 in turn cooperates with RelA/NF-κB by binding specific sequences within the proximal promoter of human IL-17A gene, thus inducing its expression. Finally, by using specific inhibitory drugs, we also identified class 1A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) as a critical upstream regulator of CD28-mediated RelA/NF-κB and STAT3 recruitments and trans-activation of IL-17A promoter. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which human CD28 may amplify IL-17A expression in human T lymphocytes and provide biological bases for immunotherapeutic approaches targeting CD28-associated class 1A PI3K to dampen IL-17A-mediated inflammatory response in autoimmune/inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nicla Porciello
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Caristi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Monteleone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Arcieri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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23
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Kwon MS, Lim SK, Jang JY, Lee J, Park HK, Kim N, Yun M, Shin MY, Jo HE, Oh YJ, Roh SW, Choi HJ. Lactobacillus sakei WIKIM30 Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions by Inducing Regulatory T Cells and Altering Gut Microbiota Structure in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1905. [PMID: 30154801 PMCID: PMC6102352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus sakei WIKIM30 is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable food. In this study, we found that WIKIM30 promoted regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation by inducing dendritic cells with tolerogenic properties. The production of the T helper (Th) 2-associated cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 was decreased, but that of the Treg-associated cytokine IL-10 was increased in splenocytes from ovalbumin-sensitized mice treated with WIKIM30. We also investigated the inhibitory capacity of WIKIM30 on the development of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis (AD), a Th2-dominant allergic disease in mice. Oral administration of L. sakei WIKIM30 significantly reduced AD-like skin lesions and serum immunoglobulin E and IL-4 levels while decreasing the number of CD4+ T cells and B cells and the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) in peripheral lymph nodes and enhancing Treg differentiation and IL-10 secretion in mesenteric lymph nodes. In addition, WIKIM30 modulated gut microbiome profiles that were altered in AD mice, which showed increases in Arthromitus and Ralstonia and a decrease in Ruminococcus abundance. These changes were reversed by WIKIM30 treatment. Notably, the increase in Ruminococcus was highly correlated with Treg-related responses and may contribute to the alleviation of AD responses. Together, these results suggest that oral administration of L. sakei WIKIM30 modulates allergic Th2 responses enhancing Treg generation and increases the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria that are positively related to Treg generation, and therefore has therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sung Kwon
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lim
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ja-Young Jang
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Park
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Misun Yun
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Shin
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea.,Division of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hee Eun Jo
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea.,Division of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Joon Oh
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seong Woon Roh
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hak-Jong Choi
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
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24
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Zizzo G, Gremese E, Ferraccioli G. Abatacept in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: biological and clinical profiles of the responders. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:807-821. [PMID: 29737909 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abatacept (CTLA4Ig), a selective T-cell costimulation modulator, has been approved for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis patients with an inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, but not for those with uncontrolled skin lesions, nor with axial involvement. In this review, we will try to interpret such a differential efficacy of abatacept on the psoriatic arthritis clinical domains, on the basis of its differential effectiveness on the diverse T-cell subsets at different sites. Clinical and biological profiles of possible responders to abatacept will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Zizzo
- Institute of Rheumatology & Affine Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, via Giuseppe Moscati 31, Rome 00168, Italy.,Rheumatology Clinic, Medical Department, ASST Monza, via Giuseppe Mazzini 1, Desio 20832, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Institute of Rheumatology & Affine Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, via Giuseppe Moscati 31, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ferraccioli
- Institute of Rheumatology & Affine Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, via Giuseppe Moscati 31, Rome 00168, Italy
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25
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Ezzelarab MB, Lu L, Shufesky WF, Morelli AE, Thomson AW. Donor-Derived Regulatory Dendritic Cell Infusion Maintains Donor-Reactive CD4 +CTLA4 hi T Cells in Non-Human Primate Renal Allograft Recipients Treated with CD28 Co-Stimulation Blockade. Front Immunol 2018; 9:250. [PMID: 29520267 PMCID: PMC5827543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor-derived regulatory dendritic cell (DCreg) infusion before transplantation, significantly prolongs renal allograft survival in non-human primates. This is associated with enhanced expression of the immunoregulatory molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (Ag) 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) by host donor-reactive T cells. In rodents and humans, CD28 co-stimulatory pathway blockade with the fusion protein CTLA4:Ig (CTLA4Ig) is associated with reduced differentiation and development of regulatory T cells (Treg). We hypothesized that upregulation of CTLA4 by donor-reactive CD4+ T cells in DCreg-infused recipients treated with CTLA4Ig, might be associated with higher incidences of donor-reactive CD4+ T cells with a Treg phenotype. In normal rhesus monkeys, allo-stimulated CD4+CTLA4hi, but not CD4+CTLA4med/lo T cells exhibited a regulatory phenotype, irrespective of PD1 expression. CTLA4Ig significantly reduced the incidence of CD4+CTLA4hi, but not CD4+CTLA4med/lo T cells following allo-stimulation, associated with a significant reduction in the CD4+CTLA4hi/CD4+CTLA4med/lo T cell ratio. In CTLA4Ig-treated renal allograft recipient monkeys, there was a marked reduction in circulating donor-reactive CD4+CTLA4hi T cells. In contrast, in CTLA4Ig-treated monkeys with DCreg infusion, no such reduction was observed. In parallel, the donor-reactive CD4+CTLA4hi/CD4+CTLA4med/lo T cell ratio was reduced significantly in graft recipients without DCreg infusion, but increased in those given DCreg. These observations suggest that pre-transplant DCreg infusion promotes and maintains donor-reactive CD4+CTLA4hi T cells with a regulatory phenotype after transplantation, even in the presence of CD28 co-stimulation blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed B. Ezzelarab
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lien Lu
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William F. Shufesky
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Adrian E. Morelli
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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26
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Liang D, Shao H, Born WK, O’Brien RL, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Connection between γδ T-cell- and Adenosine- Mediated Immune Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Crit Rev Immunol 2018; 38:233-243. [PMID: 30004859 PMCID: PMC6361114 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2018026150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory effects of γδ T-cells on immune responses have been studied for years. We have investigated the regulatory effect of γδ T-cells on Th1 and Th17 autoimmune responses, and have studied molecular and cellular mechanisms by which γδ T-cells enhance or inhibit immune responses, exploiting a well-characterized murine model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Our results show that (1) aberrant γδ T-cell activation is an important pathogenic event in EAU; (2) γδ T-cells have a unique regulatory effect on Th17 autoimmune responses, which is shaped by the activation status of γδ T-cells; and (3) γδ-mediated immunoregulation is closely linked with the extracellular adenosine metabolism. Reciprocal interactions between γδ T-cells and extracellular adenosine partially determine the development of EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Willi K. Born
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rebecca L. O’Brien
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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27
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Kim HS, Jang SW, Lee W, Kim K, Sohn H, Hwang SS, Lee GR. PTEN drives Th17 cell differentiation by preventing IL-2 production. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3381-3398. [PMID: 29018045 PMCID: PMC5679178 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells mediate inflammation and autoimmunity. Although it was known that cytokine IL-2 inhibits Th17 cell differentiation, how it does so was elusive. Using IL-17–specific PTEN-deficient mice, Kim et al. show that phosphatase PTEN inhibits IL-2 production and thus promotes Th17 cell differentiation. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are a CD4+ T cell subset that produces IL-17A to mediate inflammation and autoimmunity. IL-2 inhibits Th17 cell differentiation. However, the mechanism by which IL-2 is suppressed during Th17 cell differentiation remains unclear. Here, we show that phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is a key factor that regulates Th17 cell differentiation by suppressing IL-2 production. Th17-specific Pten deletion (Ptenfl/flIl17acre) impairs Th17 cell differentiation in vitro and ameliorated symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of Th17-mediated autoimmune disease. Mechanistically, Pten deficiency up-regulates IL-2 and phosphorylation of STAT5, but reduces STAT3 phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation. PTEN inhibitors block Th17 cell differentiation in vitro and in the EAE model. Thus, PTEN plays a key role in Th17 cell differentiation by blocking IL-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Su Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Woong Jang
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonyong Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiwan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyogon Sohn
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Seok Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
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28
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Basha S, Kaur R, Mosmann TR, Pichichero ME. Reduced T-Helper 17 Responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae in Infection-Prone Children Can Be Rescued by Addition of Innate Cytokines. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1321-1330. [PMID: 28201637 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T-helper (Th) 17 cells are important in the control of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We sought to understand the mechanism of failure of Th17 immunity resulting in S. pneumoniae infections in children <2 years old. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from infection-prone (IP) and non-IP (NIP) children 9-18 months old were examined for their responses to heat-killed S. Pneumoniae, using flow cytometry, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunoassay. We measured cytokine production, proliferation, and differentiation of Th17 cells and the expression of transcription factors in response to S. pneumoniae. Results PBMCs of IP children stimulated with heat-killed S. pneumoniae had significantly reduced percentages of CD4+ Th1 (interleukin2, tumor necrosis factor α) and Th17 (interleukin 17A) cells compared with NIP children. Addition of exogenous Th17-promoting cytokines (interleukin 6, 1β, and 23 and transforming growth factor β) restored CD4+ Th17 cell function in cells from IP children to levels measured in NIP children. Conclusions Reduced Th17 responses to S. pneumoniae in PBMCs of IP children can be rescued by addition of Th17-promoting cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Basha
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute and
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute and
| | - Tim R Mosmann
- Human Immunology Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York
| | - Michael E Pichichero
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute and
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29
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Bhaumik S, Basu R. Cellular and Molecular Dynamics of Th17 Differentiation and its Developmental Plasticity in the Intestinal Immune Response. Front Immunol 2017; 8:254. [PMID: 28408906 PMCID: PMC5374155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
After emerging from the thymus, naive CD4 T cells circulate through secondary lymphoid tissues, including gut-associated lymphoid tissue of the intestine. The activation of naïve CD4 T cells by antigen-presenting cells offering cognate antigen initiate differentiation programs that lead to the development of highly specialized T helper (Th) cell lineages. Although initially believed that developmental programing of effector T cells such as T helper 1 (Th1) or T helper 2 (Th2) resulted in irreversible commitment to a fixed fate, subsequent studies have demonstrated greater flexibility, or plasticity, in effector T cell stability than originally conceived. This is particularly so for the Th17 subset, differentiation of which is a highly dynamic process with overlapping developmental axes with inducible regulatory T (iTreg), T helper 22 (Th22), and Th1 cells. Accordingly, intermediary stages of Th17 cells are found in various tissues, which co-express lineage-specific transcription factor(s) or cytokine(s) of developmentally related CD4 T cell subsets. A highly specialized tissue like that of the intestine, which harbors the largest immune compartment of the body, adds several layers of complexity to the intricate process of Th differentiation. Due to constant exposure to millions of commensal microbes and periodic exposure to pathogens, the intestinal mucosa maintains a delicate balance between regulatory and effector T cells. It is becoming increasingly clear that equilibrium between tolerogenic and inflammatory axes is maintained in the intestine by shuttling the flexible genetic programming of a developing CD4 T cell along the developmental axis of iTreg, Th17, Th22, and Th1 subsets. Currently, Th17 plasticity remains an unresolved concern in the field of clinical research as targeting Th17 cells to cure immune-mediated disease might also target its related subsets. In this review, we discuss the expanding sphere of Th17 plasticity through its shared developmental axes with related cellular subsets such as Th22, Th1, and iTreg in the context of intestinal inflammation and also examine the molecular and epigenetic features of Th17 cells that mediate these overlapping developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Bhaumik
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajatava Basu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
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30
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Ansari AW, Khan MA, Schmidt RE, Broering DC. Harnessing the immunotherapeutic potential of T-lymphocyte co-signaling molecules in transplantation. Immunol Lett 2017; 183:8-16. [PMID: 28119073 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alloantigen-specific T-cell triggered immunopathological events are responsible for rapid allograft rejection. The co-signaling pathways orchestrated by co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules are critical for optimal T-cell effector function. Therefore, selective blockade of pathways that control T-cell immunity may offer an attractive therapeutic strategy to manipulate cell mediated allogenic responses. For example, CD28, CTLA-4 and CD154 receptor blockade have proven beneficial in maintaining T-cell tolerance against transplanted organs in experimental animal models as well as in clinical trials. Conversely, induction of co-inhibitory molecules may result in suppressed effector function. There are several other potential molecules that are known to induce immune tolerance are currently under consideration for clinical studies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and updated analysis of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, their therapeutic potential to prevent graft rejection, and to further improve their long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul W Ansari
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Department of Comparative Medicine, MBC03, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad A Khan
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Department of Comparative Medicine, MBC03, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter C Broering
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Department of Comparative Medicine, MBC03, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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31
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Kang JO, Lee JB, Chang J. Cholera Toxin Promotes Th17 Cell Differentiation by Modulating Expression of Polarizing Cytokines and the Antigen-Presenting Potential of Dendritic Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157015. [PMID: 27271559 PMCID: PMC4894639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT), an exotoxin produced by Vibrio cholera, acts as a mucosal adjuvant. In a previous study, we showed that CT skews differentiation of CD4 T cells to IL-17-producing Th17 cells. Here, we found that intranasal administration of CT induced migration of migratory dendritic cell (DC) populations, CD103+ DCs and CD11bhi DCs, to the lung draining mediastinal lymph nodes (medLN). Among those DC subsets, CD11bhi DCs that were relatively immature had a major role in Th17 cell differentiation after administration of CT. CT-treated BMDCs showed reduced expression of MHC class II and CD86, similar to CD11bhi DCs in medLN, and these BMDCs promoted Th17 cell differentiation more potently than other BMDCs expressing higher levels of MHC class II and CD86. By analyzing the expression of activation markers such as CD25 and CD69, proliferation and IL-2 production, we determined that CT-treated BMDCs showed diminished antigen-presenting potential to CD4+ T cells compared with normal BMDCs. We also found that CT-stimulated BMDCs promote activin A expression as well as IL-6 and IL-1β, and activin A had a synergic role with TGF-β1 in CT-mediated Th17 cell differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that CT-stimulated DCs promote Th17 cell differentiation by not only modulating antigen-presenting potential but also inducing Th polarizing cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ok Kang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Boong Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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32
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Watanabe N, Kaminuma O, Kitamura N, Hiroi T. Induced Treg Cells Augment the Th17-Mediated Intestinal Inflammatory Response in a CTLA4-Dependent Manner. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150244. [PMID: 26950218 PMCID: PMC4780716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are thought to promote and suppress inflammatory responses, respectively. However, whether they counteract each other or synergize in regulating immune reactions remains controversial. To determine their interactions, we describe the results of experiments employing mouse models of intestinal inflammation by transferring antigen-specific Th cells (Th1, Th2, and Th17) differentiated in vitro followed by the administration of the cognate antigen via enema. We show that cotransfer of induced Tregs (iTregs) suppressed Th1- and Th2-mediated colon inflammation. In contrast, colon inflammation induced by transfer of Th17 cells, was augmented by the cotransfer of iTregs. Furthermore, oral delivery of antigen potentiated Th17-mediated colon inflammation. Administration of a blocking antibody against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) abrogated the effects of cotransfer of iTregs, while the injection of a soluble recombinant immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion protein, CTLA4-Ig substituted for the cotransfer of iTregs. These results suggest that antigen-specific activation of iTregs in a local environment stimulates the Th17-mediated inflammatory response in a CTLA4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumasa Watanabe
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kaminuma
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kitamura
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takachika Hiroi
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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33
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Malinova D, Fritzsche M, Nowosad CR, Armer H, Munro PMG, Blundell MP, Charras G, Tolar P, Bouma G, Thrasher AJ. WASp-dependent actin cytoskeleton stability at the dendritic cell immunological synapse is required for extensive, functional T cell contacts. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:699-710. [PMID: 26590149 PMCID: PMC5404712 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0215-050rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel DC podosomes surround the central MHCII cluster to stabilize the IS; a driver role for the DC actin cytoskeleton. The immunological synapse is a highly structured and molecularly dynamic interface between communicating immune cells. Although the immunological synapse promotes T cell activation by dendritic cells, the specific organization of the immunological synapse on the dendritic cell side in response to T cell engagement is largely unknown. In this study, confocal and electron microscopy techniques were used to investigate the role of dendritic cell actin regulation in immunological synapse formation, stabilization, and function. In the dendritic cell-restricted absence of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, an important regulator of the actin cytoskeleton in hematopoietic cells, the immunological synapse contact with T cells occupied a significantly reduced surface area. At a molecular level, the actin network localized to the immunological synapse exhibited reduced stability, in particular, of the actin-related protein-2/3-dependent, short-filament network. This was associated with decreased polarization of dendritic cell-associated ICAM-1 and MHC class II, which was partially dependent on Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein phosphorylation. With the use of supported planar lipid bilayers incorporating anti-ICAM-1 and anti-MHC class II antibodies, the dendritic cell actin cytoskeleton organized into recognizable synaptic structures but interestingly, formed Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-dependent podosomes within this area. These findings demonstrate that intrinsic dendritic cell cytoskeletal remodeling is a key regulatory component of normal immunological synapse formation, likely through consolidation of adhesive interaction and modulation of immunological synapse stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessislava Malinova
- Molecular Immunology Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla R Nowosad
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Armer
- Imaging Unit, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Peter M G Munro
- Imaging Unit, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Michael P Blundell
- Molecular Immunology Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Tolar
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerben Bouma
- Molecular Immunology Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Molecular Immunology Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Tanita K, Fujimura T, Kakizaki A, Furudate S, Kusakari Y, Aiba S. Psoriasiform Drug Eruption Caused by Abatacept: Immunohistochemical Investigation of STAT Signaling. Case Rep Dermatol 2015; 7:166-70. [PMID: 26351425 PMCID: PMC4560327 DOI: 10.1159/000437415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abatacept is a biological immune modifier that is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Although psoriasiform drug eruption is reported as one of the cutaneous adverse effects of abatacept, the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. In this report, we describe a 65-year-old Japanese man with psoriasiform drug eruption caused by abatacept. Interestingly, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the epidermal keratinocytes in the basal layer and lower layers of the stratum spinosum were positive for pSTAT3, partially positive for pSTAT1 and negative for pSTAT6, which is similar to conventional psoriasis vulgaris. Our present study suggests that psoriasiform drug eruption caused by abatacept might develop by similar immunological mechanisms as those of psoriasis vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Tanita
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aya Kakizaki
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sadanori Furudate
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kusakari
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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TIR Domain-Containing Adapter-Inducing Beta Interferon (TRIF) Mediates Immunological Memory against Bacterial Pathogens. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4404-15. [PMID: 26351279 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00674-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of adaptive immunity leads to the establishment of immunological memory; however, how innate immunity regulates memory T cell function remains obscure. Here we show a previously undefined mechanism in which innate and adaptive immunity are linked by TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing beta interferon (TRIF) during establishment and reactivation of memory T cells against Gram-negative enteropathogens. Absence of TRIF in macrophages (Mϕs) but not dendritic cells led to a predominant generation of CD4(+) central memory T cells that express IL-17 during enteric bacterial infection in mice. TRIF-dependent type I interferon (IFN) signaling in T cells was essential to Th1 lineage differentiation and reactivation of memory T cells. TRIF activated memory T cells to facilitate local neutrophil influx and enhance bacterial elimination. These results highlight the importance of TRIF as a mediator of the innate and adaptive immune interactions in achieving the protective properties of memory immunity against Gram-negative bacteria and suggest TRIF as a potential therapeutic target.
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36
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Issekutz AC, Derfalvi B, Käsermann F, Rowter D. Potentiation of cytokine-induced proliferation of human Natural Killer cells by intravenous immunoglobulin G. Clin Immunol 2015; 161:373-83. [PMID: 26307433 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous IgG (IVIG) therapy can be used for immunomodulation. IL-2 is an immunoregulatory cytokine. We evaluated IVIG modulation of human blood lymphocyte response to IL-2 and other cytokines. Neither IVIG nor low concentrations of IL-2 (3-30U/ml) induced lymphocyte proliferation, but in combination they synergistically enhanced proliferation of NK cells. The CD56(bright) cells expanded more than CD56(dim) NK cells, with 90% of NK cells dividing up to 8 generations by day 6, while <8% of T cells divided. IVIG also potentiated NK cell proliferation with IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18. The IVIG+cytokine-expanded NK cells were less cytotoxic for K562 cells, than NK cells with cytokine alone. IVIG also enhanced interferon-γ production with IL-2, IL-12 and IL-18. In conclusion, IVIG selectively potentiates NK cell proliferation and interferon-γ secretion with IL-2, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 in vitro. These findings warrant evaluation in vivo in relation to NK cells and the immunoregulatory actions of IVIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Issekutz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Beata Derfalvi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Derek Rowter
- Departments of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Gardner DH, Jeffery LE, Soskic B, Briggs Z, Hou TZ, Raza K, Sansom DM. 1,25(OH)2D3 Promotes the Efficacy of CD28 Costimulation Blockade by Abatacept. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2657-65. [PMID: 26276872 PMCID: PMC4560489 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the CD28:CD80/CD86 T cell costimulatory pathway has emerged as an effective strategy for the treatment of T cell–mediated inflammatory diseases. However, patient responses to CD28-ligand blockade by abatacept (CTLA-4-Ig) in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis are variable and often suboptimal. In this study, we show that the extent to which abatacept suppresses T cell activation is influenced by the strength of TCR stimulation, with high-strength TCR stimulation being associated with relative abatacept insensitivity. Accordingly, cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of T cell stimulation via the TCR, synergized with abatacept to inhibit T cell activation. We also observed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhanced the inhibition of T cell activation by abatacept, strongly inhibiting T cell activation driven by cross-linked anti-CD3, but with no effect upon anti-CD28 driven stimulation. Thus, like cyclosporin A, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits TCR-driven activation, thereby promoting abatacept sensitivity. Vitamin D3 supplementation may therefore be a useful adjunct for the treatment of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis in combination with abatacept to promote the efficacy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Gardner
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa E Jeffery
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Blagoje Soskic
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London and Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Zoe Briggs
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tie Zheng Hou
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London and Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Karim Raza
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B18 7QH, United Kingdom
| | - David M Sansom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London and Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
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38
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Schumann J, Stanko K, Schliesser U, Appelt C, Sawitzki B. Differences in CD44 Surface Expression Levels and Function Discriminates IL-17 and IFN-γ Producing Helper T Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132479. [PMID: 26172046 PMCID: PMC4501817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a prominent activation marker which distinguishes memory and effector T cells from their naïve counterparts. It also plays a role in early T cell signaling events as it is bound to the lymphocyte-specific protein kinase and thereby enhances T cell receptor signalling. Here, we investigated whether IFN-γ and IL-17 producing T helper cells differ in their CD44 expression and their dependence of CD44 for differentiation. Stimulation of CD4+ T cells with allogeneic dendritic cells resulted in the formation of three distinguishable populations: CD44+, CD44++ and CD44+++. In vitro and in vivo generated allo-reactive IL-17 producing T helper cells were mainly CD44+++ as compared to IFN-γ+ T helper cells, which were CD44++. This effect was enhanced under polarizing conditions. T helper 17 polarization led to a shift towards the CD44+++ population, whereas T helper 1 polarization diminished this population. Furthermore, blocking CD44 decreased IL-17 secretion, while IFN-γ was barely affected. Titration experiments revealed that low T cell receptor and CD28 stimulation supported T helper 17 rather than T helper 1 development. Under these conditions CD44 could act as a co-stimulatory molecule and replace CD28. Indeed, rested CD44+++CD4+ T cells contained already more total and especially phosphorylated zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 as compared to CD44++ cells. Our results support the notion, that CD44 enhances T cell receptor signaling strength by delivering lymphocyte-specific protein kinase, which is required for induction of IL-17 producing T helper cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schumann
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarina Stanko
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schliesser
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Appelt
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Natarajan G, Terrazas C, Oghumu S, Varikuti S, Dubovsky JA, Byrd JC, Satoskar AR. Ibrutinib enhances IL-17 response by modulating the function of bone marrow derived dendritic cells. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1057385. [PMID: 26942065 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1057385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) is an irreversible dual Btk/Itk inhibitor shown to be effective in treating several B cell malignancies. However, limited studies have been conducted to study the effect of this drug on myeloid cell function. Hence, we studied the effect of ibrutinib treatment on TLR-4 mediated activation of bone marrow derived dendritic cell culture (DCs). Upon ibrutinib treatment, LPS-treated DCs displayed lower synthesis of TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) and higher induction of IL-6, TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-18. While ibrutinib dampened MHC-II and CD86 expression on DCs, CD80 expression was upregulated. Further, ibrutinib-treated DCs promoted T cell proliferation and enhanced IL-17 production upon co-culture with nylon wool enriched T cells. Taken together, our results indicate that ibrutinib modulates TLR-4 mediated DC activation to promote an IL-17 response. We describe a novel mode of action for ibrutinib on DCs which should be explored to treat other forms of cancer besides B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Natarajan
- Department of Microbiology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Cesar Terrazas
- Department of Pathology; The Ohio State University Medical Center ; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences; The Ohio State University College of Public Health ; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology; The Ohio State University Medical Center ; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jason A Dubovsky
- Hematology Oncology; Blood and Marrow Transplant Program; Nationwide Children's Hospital ; Columbus, OH USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Hematology; The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH USA; Division of Medicinal Chemistry; College of Pharmacy; The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Microbiology; The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH USA; Department of Pathology; The Ohio State University Medical Center; Columbus, OH USA
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40
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stimulatory and inhibitory receptor signaling (cosignaling) on T cells is a critical component of T-cell responses that mediate graft rejection. The blockade of cosignaling pathways is an attractive strategy for preventing allogeneic T-cell responses. Here, we review the new studies that provide critical insight into the well studied CD28-CTLA-4 and CD40-CD40L cosignaling pathways, as well as the identification of novel cosignaling receptors that play a role in allogeneic T-cell responses. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, it has been appreciated that the CD28-CTLA-4 pathway has unique roles on specific T-cell subsets, particularly on forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+ regulatory T cell (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. New insight has been provided into the mechanism by which CD40-CD154 blockade elicits FoxP3+ Treg conversion and memory T cells elicit CD40-independent alloantibody responses. Finally, several novel cosignaling pathways have been demonstrated to be important to graft-specific T cells, including CD160, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 2B4, T-cell Ig mucin 4, and the Notch receptor. SUMMARY Recent work has provided more granular understanding of the CD28-CTLA-4 and CD40-CD154 pathways on T-cell subsets, and provided important insight into the generation and maintenance of FoxP3+ Treg. This information, as well as the characterization of novel transplantation-relevant cosignaling pathways, has implications for the modulation of alloreactive T-cell responses.
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41
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Vogel I, Kasran A, Cremer J, Kim YJ, Boon L, Van Gool SW, Ceuppens JL. CD28/CTLA-4/B7 costimulatory pathway blockade affects regulatory T-cell function in autoimmunity. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1832-41. [PMID: 25727069 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Naïve T cells require B7/CD28 costimulation in order to be fully activated. Attempts to block this pathway have been effective in preventing unwanted immune reactions. As B7 blockade might also affect Treg cells and interfere with negative signaling through membrane CTLA-4 on effector T (Teff) cells, its immune-modulatory effects are potentially more complex. Here, we used the mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), EAE, to study the effect of B7 blockade. An effective therapy for MS patients has to interfere with ongoing inflammation, and therefore we injected CTLA-4Ig at day 7 and 9 after immunization, when myelin-reactive T cells have been primed and start migrating toward the CNS. Surprisingly, B7 blockade exacerbated disease signs and resulted in more severe CNS inflammation and demyelination, and was associated with an enhanced production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IFN-γ. Importantly, CTLA-4Ig treatment resulted in a transient reduction of Ki67 and CTLA-4 expression and function of peripheral Treg cells. Taken together, B7 blockade at a particular stage of the autoimmune response can result in the suppression of Treg cells, leading to a more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Vogel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Kasran
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefaan W Van Gool
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.,Childhood Immunology, KU Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan L Ceuppens
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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42
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Traunecker E, Gardner R, Fonseca JE, Polido-Pereira J, Seitz M, Villiger PM, Iezzi G, Padovan E. Blocking of LFA-1 enhances expansion of Th17 cells induced by human CD14(+) CD16(++) nonclassical monocytes. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1414-25. [PMID: 25678252 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Among human peripheral blood (PB) monocyte (Mo) subsets, the classical CD14(++) CD16(-) (cMo) and intermediate CD14(++) CD16(+) (iMo) Mos are known to activate pathogenic Th17 responses, whereas the impact of nonclassical CD14(+) CD16(++) Mo (nMo) on T-cell activation has been largely neglected. The aim of this study was to obtain new mechanistic insights on the capacity of Mo subsets from healthy donors (HDs) to activate IL-17(+) T-cell responses in vitro, and assess whether this function was maintained or lost in states of chronic inflammation. When cocultured with autologous CD4(+) T cells in the absence of TLR-2/NOD2 agonists, PB nMos from HDs were more efficient stimulators of IL-17-producing T cells, as compared to cMo. These results could not be explained by differences in Mo lifespan and cytokine profiles. Notably, however, the blocking of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of IL-17(+) T cells expanded in nMo/T-cell cocultures. As compared to HD, PB Mo subsets of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were hampered in their T-cell stimulatory capacity. Our new insights highlight the role of Mo subsets in modulating inflammatory T-cell responses and suggest that nMo could become a critical therapeutic target against IL-17-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Traunecker
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rui Gardner
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Reumatologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Michael Seitz
- Universitätsklinik für Rheumatologie, Klinische Immunologie und Allergologie, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Villiger
- Universitätsklinik für Rheumatologie, Klinische Immunologie und Allergologie, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giandomenica Iezzi
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Surgical Research (ICFS), Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Padovan
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Surgical Research (ICFS), Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Krummey SM, Ford ML. Braking bad: novel mechanisms of CTLA-4 inhibition of T cell responses. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2685-90. [PMID: 25387592 PMCID: PMC4364523 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The coinhibitory receptor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a master regulator of T cell responses and its function is critical in models of transplant tolerance. The CD28/CTLA-4 pathway is also an important therapeutic target, as the costimulation blocker belatacept was recently approved for use following renal transplantation. While the traditional model of CTLA-4 coinhibition focuses on its ability to directly counteract CD28 costimulation, recently this paradigm has significantly broadened. Recent work has uncovered the ability of CTLA-4 to act as a cell-extrinsic coinhibitory molecule on CD4(+) T cell effectors. While it has been appreciated that CTLA-4 is required for FoxP3(+) regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression, current studies have elucidated important differences in the function of CTLA-4 on Tregs compared to effectors. CTLA-4 expression patterns also differ by T cell subset, with Th17 cells expressing significantly higher levels of CTLA-4. Thus, in contrast to the traditional model of CTLA-4 as a negative receptor to counter CD28 costimulation, recent work has begun to define CTLA-4 as a global regulator of T cell responses with subset-specific functions. Future studies must continue to uncover the molecular mechanisms that govern CTLA-4 function. These novel findings have implications for novel strategies to maximize the regulatory potential of CTLA-4 during allogeneic T cell responses.
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44
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Mikami N, Sakaguchi S. CD28 signals the differential control of regulatory T cells and effector T cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:955-7. [PMID: 24652756 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One possible means of driving antigen-specific immune suppression is to expand or induce antigen-specific FoxP3-expressing Treg cells. One way of activating and expanding these specialized cells, both in vitro and in vivo, is by strong costimulation via CD28 with an agonistic anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody, called anti-CD28 superagonist (CD28SA). However, CD28SA also strongly activates conventional T (Tconv) cells to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and, under certain conditions, causes serious cytokine release syndrome. In this issue of European Journal of Immunology, Tabares et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 1225-1236] address how CD28SA can be used for the differential control of human Treg and Tconv cells to suppress immune responses without serious adverse effects. They show that, depending on the dose of the antibody or by comedication of cortico-steroid, the selective expansion of Treg cells can be achieved without significantly activating Tconv cells to produce inflammatory cytokines. This difference in CD28 signal sensitivity between the two populations can be exploited for better control of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Mikami
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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45
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Pick J, Arra A, Lingel H, Hegel JK, Huber M, Nishanth G, Jorch G, Fischer KD, Schlüter D, Tedford K, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. CTLA-4 (CD152) enhances the Tc17 differentiation program. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2139-52. [PMID: 24723371 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although CD8(+) T cells that produce IL-17 (Tc17 cells) have been linked to host defense, Tc17 cells show reduced cytotoxic activity, which is the characteristic function of CD8(+) T cells. Here, we show that CTLA-4 enhances the frequency of IL-17 in CD8(+) T cells, indicating that CTLA-4 (CD152) specifically promotes Tc17 differentiation. Simultaneous stimulation of CTLA-4(+/+) and CTLA-4(-/-) T cells in cocultures and agonistic CTLA-4 stimulation unambiguously revealed a cell-intrinsic mechanism for IL-17 control by CTLA-4. The quality of CTLA-4-induced Tc17 cells was tested in vivo, utilizing infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Unlike CTLA-4(+/+) Tc17 cells, CTLA-4(-/-) were nearly as efficient as Tc1 CTLA-4(+/+) cells in LM clearance. Additionally, adoptively transferred CTLA-4(-/-) Tc17 cells expressed granzyme B after rechallenge, and produced Tc1 cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, which strongly correlate with bacterial clearance. CTLA-4(+/+) Tc17 cells demonstrated a high-quality Tc17 differentiation program ex vivo, which was also evident in isolated IL-17-secreting Tc17 cells, with CTLA-4-mediated enhanced upregulation of Tc17-related molecules such as IL-17A, RORγt, and IRF-4. Our results show that CTLA-4 promotes Tc17 differentiation that results in robust Tc17 responses. Its inactivation might therefore represent a central therapeutic target to enhance clearance of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Pick
- Department of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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46
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Esposito P, Grosjean F, Rampino T, Libetta C, Gregorini M, Fasoli G, Marchi G, Sileno G, Montagna F, Dal Canton A. Costimulatory pathways in kidney transplantation: pathogenetic role, clinical significance and new therapeutic opportunities. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 33:212-33. [PMID: 24127878 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.829470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Costimulatory pathways play a key role in immunity, providing the second signal required for a full activation of adaptive immune response. Different costimulatory families (CD28, TNF-related, adhesion and TIM molecules), characterized by structural and functional analogies, have been described. Costimulatory molecules modulate T cell activation, B cell function, Ig production, cytokine release and many other processes, including atherosclerosis. Patients suffering from renal diseases present significant alterations of the costimulatory pathways, which might make them particularly liable to infections. These alterations are further pronounced in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. In these patients, different costimulatory patterns have been related to distinct clinical features. The importance that costimulation has gained during the last years has led to development of several pharmacological approaches to modulate this critical step in the immune activation. Different drugs, mainly monoclonal antibodies targeting various costimulatory molecules (i.e. anti-CD80, CTLA-4 fusion proteins, anti-CD154, anti-CD40, etc.) were designed and tested in both experimental and clinical studies. The results of these studies highlighted some criticisms, but also some promising findings and now costimulatory blockade is considered a suitable strategy, with belatacept (a CTLA-4 fusion protein) being approved as the first costimulatory blocker for use in renal transplantation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on costimulatory pathways in the setting of kidney transplantation. We describe the principal costimulatory molecule families, their role and clinical significance in patients undergoing renal transplantation and the new therapeutic approaches that have been developed to modulate the costimulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Krummey SM, Cheeseman JA, Conger JA, Jang PS, Mehta AK, Kirk AD, Larsen CP, Ford ML. High CTLA-4 expression on Th17 cells results in increased sensitivity to CTLA-4 coinhibition and resistance to belatacept. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:607-14. [PMID: 24730049 PMCID: PMC4124942 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The CD28/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)blocker belatacept selectively inhibits alloreactive T cell responses but is associated with a high incidence of acute rejection following renal transplantation,which led us to investigate the etiology of belatacept–resistant graft rejection. T cells can differentiate into functionally distinct subsets of memory T cellsthat collectively enable protection against diverse classes of pathogens and can cross-react with allogeneicantigen and mediate graft rejection. T helper 17(Th17) cells are a pro-inflammatory CD4+ lineage that provides immunity to pathogens and are pathogenic in autoimmune disease. We found that T helper 1 (Th1)and Th17 memory compartments contained a similar frequency of divided cells following allogeneic stimulation.Compared to Th1 cells, Th17 memory cells expressed significantly higher levels of the coinhibitory molecule CTLA-4. Stimulation in the presence of belatacept inhibited Th1 responses but augmented Th17 cells due to greater sensitivity to coinhibition by CTLA-4. Th17 cells from renal transplant recipients were resistant to ex vivo CD28/CTLA-4 blockade with belatacept, and an elevated frequency of Th17 memory cells was associated with acute rejection during belatacept therapy. These data highlight important differences in costimulatory and coinhibitory requirements of CD4+ memory subsets, and demonstrate that the heterogeneity of pathogen-derived memory has implications for immunomodulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Krummey
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jennifer A. Cheeseman
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jason A. Conger
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Peter S. Jang
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Aneesh K. Mehta
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Allan D. Kirk
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Christian P. Larsen
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Ruckwardt TJ, Malloy AMW, Morabito KM, Graham BS. Quantitative and qualitative deficits in neonatal lung-migratory dendritic cells impact the generation of the CD8+ T cell response. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003934. [PMID: 24550729 PMCID: PMC3923758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD103+ and CD11b+ populations of CD11c+MHCIIhi murine dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to carry antigens from the lung through the afferent lymphatics to mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN). We compared the responses of these two DC populations in neonatal and adult mice following intranasal infection with respiratory syncytial virus. The response in neonates was dominated by functionally-limited CD103+ DCs, while CD11b+ DCs were diminished in both number and function compared to adults. Infecting mice at intervals through the first three weeks of life revealed an evolution in DC phenotype and function during early life. Using TCR transgenic T cells with two different specificities to measure the ability of CD103+ DC to induce epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses, we found that neonatal CD103+ DCs stimulate proliferation in a pattern distinct from adult CD103+ DCs. Blocking CD28-mediated costimulatory signals during adult infection demonstrated that signals from this costimulatory pathway influence the hierarchy of the CD8+ T cell response to RSV, suggesting that limited costimulation provided by neonatal CD103+ DCs is one mechanism whereby neonates generate a distinct CD8+ T cell response from that of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy J. Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Allison M. W. Malloy
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn M. Morabito
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Krummey SM, Floyd TL, Liu D, Wagener ME, Song M, Ford ML. Candida-elicited murine Th17 cells express high Ctla-4 compared with Th1 cells and are resistant to costimulation blockade. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2495-504. [PMID: 24493820 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Effector and memory T cells may cross-react with allogeneic Ags to mediate graft rejection. Whereas the costimulation properties of Th1 cells are well studied, relatively little is known about the costimulation requirements of microbe-elicited Th17 cells. The costimulation blocker CTLA-4 Ig has been ineffective in the treatment of several Th17-driven autoimmune diseases and is associated with severe acute rejection following renal transplantation, leading us to investigate whether Th17 cells play a role in CD28/CTLA-4 blockade-resistant alloreactivity. We established an Ag-specific model in which Th1 and Th17 cells were elicited via Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans immunization, respectively. C. albicans immunization elicited a higher frequency of Th17 cells and conferred resistance to costimulation blockade following transplantation. Compared with the M. tuberculosis group, C. albicans-elicited Th17 cells contained a higher frequency of IL-17(+)IFN-γ(+) producers and a lower frequency of IL-10(+) and IL-10(+)IL-17(+) cells. Importantly, Th17 cells differentially regulated the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway, expressing similarly high CD28 but significantly greater amounts of CTLA-4 compared with Th1 cells. Ex vivo blockade experiments demonstrated that Th17 cells are more sensitive to CTLA-4 coinhibition and therefore less susceptible to CTLA-4 Ig. These novel insights into the differential regulation of CTLA-4 coinhibition on CD4(+) T cells have implications for the immunomodulation of pathologic T cell responses during transplantation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Krummey
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Abdoli R, Najafian N. T Helper Cells Fate Mapping by Co-stimulatory Molecules and its Functions in Allograft Rejection and Tolerance. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2014; 5:97-110. [PMID: 25184030 PMCID: PMC4149737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell differentiation is dictated by a combination of T cell receptor (TCR) interaction with an antigen-bound major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and co-stimulatory molecules signal. The co-stimulatory signal can be positive or negative, and amplifying or diminishing the initial signal. However, the secondary co-stimulatory signal is not obligatory and its necessity is dictated, in part, by the stage of T cell development. In the field of transplantation, directing the T cell differentiation process can lead to therapeutic possibilities that promote allograft tolerance, and hinder unfavorable alloimmune responses. Therefore, understanding the details of T cell differentiation process, including the influence of co-stimulatory signals, is of paramount importance. It is important to note there is functional overlap between co-stimulatory molecules. It has been observed that some co-stimulatory signals have different effects on different T cell subsets. Hence, blockade of a co-stimulatory signal pathway, as part of a therapeutic regimen in transplantation, may have far reaching effects beyond the initial therapeutic intent and inhibit co-stimulatory signals necessary for desirable regulatory responses. In this review, co-stimulatory molecules involved in the differentiation of naïve T cells into T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 2 (Th2), T helper 17 (Th17), inducible regulatory T cells (iTregs), and T helper 9 (Th9) cells and their overlap are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Abdoli
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02445, USA
| | - N. Najafian
- Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd. Weston, FL 33331, USA
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