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Drif AI, Yücer R, Damiescu R, Ali NT, Abu Hagar TH, Avula B, Khan IA, Efferth T. Anti-Inflammatory and Cancer-Preventive Potential of Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.): A Comprehensive In Silico and In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1484. [PMID: 39062057 PMCID: PMC11275008 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Chamomile tea, renowned for its exquisite taste, has been appreciated for centuries not only for its flavor but also for its myriad health benefits. In this study, we investigated the preventive potential of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) towards cancer by focusing on its anti-inflammatory activity. METHODS AND RESULTS A virtual drug screening of 212 phytochemicals from chamomile revealed β-amyrin, β-eudesmol, β-sitosterol, apigenin, daucosterol, and myricetin as potent NF-κB inhibitors. The in silico results were verified through microscale thermophoresis, reporter cell line experiments, and flow cytometric determination of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential. An oncobiogram generated through comparison of 91 anticancer agents with known modes of action using the NCI tumor cell line panel revealed significant relationships of cytotoxic chamomile compounds, lupeol, and quercetin to microtubule inhibitors. This hypothesis was verified by confocal microscopy using α-tubulin-GFP-transfected U2OS cells and molecular docking of lupeol and quercetin to tubulins. Both compounds induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and necrosis rather than apoptosis. Interestingly, lupeol and quercetin were not involved in major mechanisms of resistance to established anticancer drugs (ABC transporters, TP53, or EGFR). Performing hierarchical cluster analyses of proteomic expression data of the NCI cell line panel identified two sets of 40 proteins determining sensitivity and resistance to lupeol and quercetin, further pointing to the multi-specific nature of chamomile compounds. Furthermore, lupeol, quercetin, and β-amyrin inhibited the mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL6 in NF-κB reporter cells (HEK-Blue Null1). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier-based survival analyses with NF-κB as the target protein of these compounds were performed by mining the TCGA-based KM-Plotter repository with 7489 cancer patients. Renal clear cell carcinomas (grade 3, low mutational rate, low neoantigen load) were significantly associated with shorter survival of patients, indicating that these subgroups of tumors might benefit from NF-κB inhibition by chamomile compounds. CONCLUSION This study revealed the potential of chamomile, positioning it as a promising preventive agent against inflammation and cancer. Further research and clinical studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia I. Drif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.I.D.); (R.Y.); (R.D.); (N.T.A.)
| | - Rümeysa Yücer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.I.D.); (R.Y.); (R.D.); (N.T.A.)
| | - Roxana Damiescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.I.D.); (R.Y.); (R.D.); (N.T.A.)
| | - Nadeen T. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.I.D.); (R.Y.); (R.D.); (N.T.A.)
| | - Tobias H. Abu Hagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.I.D.); (R.Y.); (R.D.); (N.T.A.)
| | - Bharati Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (B.A.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (B.A.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.I.D.); (R.Y.); (R.D.); (N.T.A.)
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Liu D, Youssef MM, Grace JA, Sinclair M. Relative carcinogenicity of tacrolimus vs mycophenolate after solid organ transplantation and its implications for liver transplant care. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:650-660. [PMID: 38689747 PMCID: PMC11056899 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo malignancy is a leading cause of late morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients. Cumulative immunosuppression has been shown to contribute to post-transplant malignancy (PTM) risk. There is emerging evidence on the differential carcinogenic risk profile of individual immunosuppressive drugs, independent of the net effect of immunosuppression. Calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus may promote tumourigenesis, whereas mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil, may limit tumour progression. Liver transplantation (LT) is relatively unique among solid organ transplantation in that immunosuppression monotherapy with either tacrolimus or MPA is often achievable, which makes careful consideration of the risk-benefit profile of these immunosuppression agents particularly relevant for this cohort. However, there is limited clinical data on this subject in both LT and other solid organ transplant recipients. AIM To investigate the relative carcinogenicity of tacrolimus and MPA in solid organ transplantation. METHODS A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase databases using the key terms "solid organ transplantation", "tacrolimus", "mycophenolic acid", and "carcinogenicity", in order to identify relevant articles published in English between 1st January 2002 to 11th August 2022. Related terms, synonyms and explosion of MeSH terms, Boolean operators and truncations were also utilised in the search. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed to identify any additional articles. Excluding duplicates, abstracts from 1230 records were screened by a single reviewer, whereby 31 records were reviewed in detail. Full-text articles were assessed for eligibility based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 6 studies were included in this review. All studies were large population registries or cohort studies, which varied in transplant era, type of organ transplanted and immunosuppression protocol used. Overall, there was no clear difference demonstrated between tacrolimus and MPA in de novo PTM risk following solid organ transplantation. Furthermore, no study provided a direct comparison of carcinogenic risk between tacrolimus and MPA monotherapy in solid organ transplantation recipients. CONCLUSION The contrasting carcinogenic risk profiles of tacrolimus and MPA demonstrated in previous experimental studies, and its application in solid organ transplantation, is yet to be confirmed in clinical studies. Thus, the optimal choice of immunosuppression drug to use as maintenance monotherapy in LT recipients is not supported by a strong evidence base and remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mark M Youssef
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine A Grace
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie Sinclair
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Victoria, Australia
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Hsieh CH, Huang YW, Tsai TF. Oral Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs with Antineoplastic Potential: a Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:835-860. [PMID: 35381976 PMCID: PMC9021342 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing trend of malignancy worldwide. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the cornerstones for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), but risk of malignancy is a major concern for patients receiving DMARDs. In addition, many IMIDs already carry higher background risks of neoplasms. Recently, the black box warning of malignancies has been added for Janus kinase inhibitors. Also, the use of biologic DMARDs in patients with established malignancies is usually discouraged owing to exclusion of such patients in pivotal studies and, hence, lack of evidence. In contrast, some conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) have been reported to show antineoplastic properties and can be beneficial for patients with cancer. Among the csDMARDs, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been the most extensively studied, and methotrexate is an established chemotherapeutic agent. Even cyclosporine A, a well-known drug associated with cancer risk, can potentiate the effect of some chemotherapeutic agents. We review the possible mechanisms behind and clinical evidence of the antineoplastic activities of csDMARDs, including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, cyclosporine, leflunomide, mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and thiopurines. This knowledge may guide physicians in the choice of csDMARDs for patients with concurrent IMIDs and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Huang
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S Rd, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S Rd, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital & National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Mun H, Townley HE. Mechanism of Action of the Sesquiterpene Compound Helenalin in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121258. [PMID: 34959659 PMCID: PMC8703838 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in paediatric patients. Relapsed or refractory RMS shows very low 5-year survival rates, which urgently necessitates new chemotherapy agents. Herein, the sesquiterpene lactone, helenalin, was investigated as a new potential therapeutic agent against the embryonal RMS (eRMS) and alveolar RMS (aRMS) cells. We have evaluated in vitro antiproliferative efficacy of helenalin on RMS cells by the MTT and wound healing assay, and estimated several cell death pathways by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and immunoblotting. It was shown that helenalin was able to increase reactive oxygen species levels, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress and deactivate the NF-κB pathway. Confirmation was obtained through the use of antagonistic compounds which alleviated the effects of helenalin in the corresponding pathways. Our findings demonstrate that oxidative stress is the pivotal mechanism of action of helenalin in promoting RMS cell death in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakmin Mun
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Helen Elizabeth Townley
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-01865283792
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Benjanuwattra J, Chaiyawat P, Pruksakorn D, Koonrungsesomboon N. Therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of mycophenolic acid as an anticancer agent. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173580. [PMID: 32949604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), an immunosuppressive drug approved for the prophylaxis of allograft rejection in transplant recipients. Recent advances in the role of the type II isoform of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH2) in the tumorigenesis of various types of cancer have called for a second look of MPA, the first IMPDH2 inhibitor discovered a hundred years ago, to be repurposed as an anticancer agent. Over a half century, a number of in vitro and in vivo experiments have consistently shown anticancer activity of MPA against several cell lines obtained from different malignancies and murine models. However, a few clinical trials have been conducted to investigate its anticancer activity in humans, and most of which have shown unsatisfactory results. Understanding of available evidence and underlying mechanism of action is a key step to be done so as to facilitate further investigations of MPA to reach its full therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent. This article provides a comprehensive review of non-clinical and clinical evidence available to date, with the emphasis on the molecular mechanism of action in which MPA exerts its anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, induction of cell cycle arrest, and alteration of tumor microenvironment. Future perspective for further development of MPA to be an anticancer agent is extensively discussed, with the aim of translating the anticancer property of MPA from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center (MSTR), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Omics Center for Health Sciences (OCHS), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center (MSTR), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Omics Center for Health Sciences (OCHS), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center (MSTR), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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Ohira M, Tanimine N, Kobayashi T, Ohdan H. Essential updates 2018/2019: Liver transplantation. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2020; 4:195-207. [PMID: 32490333 PMCID: PMC7240140 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the recent topics in the field of liver transplantation (LT), one of the significant therapeutic breakthroughs is the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. With cure rates close to 100%, a better proportion of LT candidates and recipients can be cured of HCV infection by DAA therapies that are simple and well-tolerated. Other critical topics include the issue of indication of LT for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, which has been continuously studied. Several expanded criteria beyond the Milan criteria with acceptable results have been recently reported. The role of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) in intractable rejection is also an important matter that has been studied. Although long recognized as an important factor in antibody-mediated rejection and even graft survival in renal transplantation, the impact of DSAs on graft and patient survival in LT remains to be elucidated. Including the issues described above, this article focuses on recent advances in LT, management to avoid recurrence of primary diseases, optimization of immunosuppressive treatment, and extended donor criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
- Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
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Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Mycophenolic Acid in Experimental Models and in Patients. Transplantation 2019; 103:929-937. [PMID: 30747839 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor recurrence is a major complication following liver transplantation (LT) as treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunosuppression is an important risk factor for HCC recurrence, but conceivably may depend on the type of immunosuppressive medication. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a currently widely used immunosuppressant. This study investigated the effects of MPA on HCC. METHODS Three human HCC cell lines and organoids from mouse primary liver tumor were used as experimental models. MTT, Alamar Blue assay, cell cycle analysis, colony formation, and [3H]-thymidine assays were performed. An LT database was used for retrospective analysis of the effect of mycophenolate mofetil, the prodrug of MPA, on HCC recurrence. RESULTS With clinically achievable concentrations, MPA effectively inhibited HCC cell proliferation and single-cell colony-forming unit. In short-term experiments, MPA effectively elicited S phase arrest in HCC cell lines. In addition, the initiation and growth of liver tumor organoids were effectively inhibited by MPA. Most importantly, the use of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with HCC-related LT was significantly associated with less tumor recurrence and improved patient survival. CONCLUSIONS MPA can specifically counteract HCC growth in vitro and tumor recurrence in LT patients. These results warrant prospective clinical trials into the role of MPA-mediated immunosuppression following LT of patients with HCC.
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Casaos J, Gorelick NL, Huq S, Choi J, Xia Y, Serra R, Felder R, Lott T, Kast RE, Suk I, Brem H, Tyler B, Skuli N. The Use of Ribavirin as an Anticancer Therapeutic: Will It Go Viral? Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1185-1194. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Ngo LP, Chan TK, Ge J, Samson LD, Engelward BP. Microcolony Size Distribution Assay Enables High-Throughput Cell Survival Quantitation. Cell Rep 2019; 26:1668-1678.e4. [PMID: 30726746 PMCID: PMC6431241 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell survival is a critical and ubiquitous endpoint in biology. The broadly accepted colony formation assay (CFA) directly measures a cell's ability to divide; however, it takes weeks to perform and is incompatible with high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies. Here, we describe the MicroColonyChip, which exploits microwell array technology to create an array of colonies. Unlike the CFA, where visible colonies are counted by eye, using fluorescence microscopy, microcolonies can be analyzed in days rather than weeks. Using automated analysis of microcolony size distributions, the MicroColonyChip achieves comparable sensitivity to the CFA (and greater sensitivity than the 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide [XTT] assay). Compared to CellTiter-Glo, the MicroColonyChip is as sensitive and also robust to artifacts caused by differences in initial cell seeding density. We demonstrate efficacy via studies of radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity and show that the approach is amenable to multiplexing. We conclude that the MicroColonyChip is a rapid and automated alternative for cell survival quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le P Ngo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tze Khee Chan
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Infectious Diseases IRG, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bevin P Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Xi Y, Niu J, Li D, He J, Qin L, Peng X. Mixed lineage kinase-4 promotes gastric carcinoma tumorigenesis through suppression of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3317-3324. [PMID: 30233678 PMCID: PMC6143876 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase-4 (MLK-4) is an important member of the mixed-lineage family of kinases that regulates the extracellular signal-regulated kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. The functions and mechanisms of MLK-4 in cancer initiation and progression have not been well understood. The present study investigated the expression, function and regulatory mechanism of MLK-4 in gastric carcinoma cells. Biochemical data indicated that normal MLK-4 was downregulated, which exerted dominant negative effects on gastric carcinoma cell viability, migration and invasion. The experimental data demonstrated that MLK-4 supplement abrogated activity of these mutants and induced inhibitory effects on gastric carcinoma cell viabilty, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. In addition, to determine the regulatory mechanism of MLK-4, its signaling pathway was assessed in gastric carcinoma cancer cells by regulating MLK-4. The present observations indicated that restoring MLK-4 activity by supplemental MLK-4 reduced gastric carcinoma cell colony formation in vitro and suppressed tumor viability, migration and invasion in vivo. The results of the present study indicated that MLK-4 may be a potential protein for targeting gastric carcinoma by suppressing kinases, which may lead to reduction of JNK signaling and enhance therapeutic efficacy in gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Niu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Jiagen He
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Peng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
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Yu B, Jiang K, Zhang J. MicroRNA-124 suppresses growth and aggressiveness of osteosarcoma and inhibits TGF-β-mediated AKT/GSK-3β/SNAIL-1 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6736-6744. [PMID: 29488603 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in adolescent populations and the prognosis remains incompletely understand. Previous reports have demonstrated that microRNA‑124 (miR‑124) has inhibitory effects on various human malignancies and is associated with tumor progression. However, the clinical significance and potential mechanisms of miR‑124 in the progression of osteosarcoma is not clearly understood. In this study, the potential molecular mechanism of miR‑124 in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis, growth and aggressiveness was investigated. The growth, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells were investigated following miR‑124 transfection were determined by colony formation assay, western blotting, immunofluorescence, migration/invasion assays and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In vivo anti‑cancer effects of miR‑124 were analyzed by a tumor growth assay, immunohistochemistry and survival rate observations. The results demonstrated that miR‑124 transfection significantly decreased integrin expression in osteosarcoma cells, and further inhibited growth, proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Flow cytometry assays indicated that miR‑124 transfection attenuated apoptosis resistance of osteosarcoma to tunicamycin, potentially via the downregulation of P53 and Bcl‑2 apoptosis regulator expression. Mechanistic assays demonstrated that miR‑124 transfection suppressed TGF‑β expression in osteosarcoma. An animal study revealed that tumor growth was reduced in tumor cells transfected with miR‑124 compared with control cells, and the survival rate was prolonged in mice with miR‑124 transfected xenografts compared with control tumors. In conclusion, these results indicate that miR‑124 transection inhibits the growth and aggressive of osteosarcoma, potentially via suppression of TGF‑β‑mediated AKT/GSK‑3β/snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAIL‑1) signaling, suggesting miR‑124 may be a potential anti‑cancer agent/target for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Kaibiao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Li YJ, Zhang GP, Zhao F, Li RQ, Liu SJ, Zhao ZR, Wang X. Target therapy of TRIM-14 inhibits osteosarcoma aggressiveness through the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:2365-2373. [PMID: 29467844 PMCID: PMC5792772 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common cause of cancer-associated mortality and the prognosis is yet to be fully elucidated due to the paucity of effective therapeutic targets that significantly influence the quality of life and mean survival rates of patients with osteosarcoma. Studies have showed that tripartite motif-containing (TRIM)-14 is a member of the TRIM protein family that has a vital role in tumor progression and metastasis and promotes angiogenesis, invasion and apoptotic resistance of bone cancer. In this study, a chimeric antibody targeting TRIM-14 (Chanti-TRIM) was constructed and the molecular mechanism of target therapy for TRIM-14 was investigated in osteosarcoma cells and xenograft mice. The growth, migration and invasion properties of U-2OS cells were analyzed following incubation with 10–160 mg/ml Chanti-TRIM. Apoptosis of U-2OS cells was detected after Chanti-TRIM treatment. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal pathway was analyzed in U-2OS cells treated with Chanti-TRIM. The inhibitory efficacy of Chanti-TRIM was studied in U-2OS-bearing xenograft mice. Our results demonstrated that neutralizing TRIM-14 expression markedly inhibited the growth, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, in vitro and in vivo. We found that TRIM-14 depletion decreased cell viability and induced cells apoptosis in vitro. In addition, we identified Chanti-TRIM inhibited growth and promoted apoptosis induced by cisplatin through MMP-9-mediated NF-κB signal pathway. Furthermore, we observed that Chanti-TRIM treatment inhibited osteosarcoma growth in vivo. Histological analysis indicated that apoptotic bodies were increased and NF-κB nuclear translocation factors, including Ikkβ, p65 and IkBα, were decreased in tumors treated by Chanti-TRIM. In conclusion, these results showed that Chanti-TRIM markedly inhibited the progression of osteosarcoma, suggesting Chanti-TRIM may be a potential anti-cancer agent that functions via the activation of the NF-κB pathway for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jiong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Qi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Zeng-Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
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Liu J, Luo B, Zhao M. Bmi‑1‑targeting suppresses osteosarcoma aggressiveness through the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7949-7958. [PMID: 28983587 PMCID: PMC5779877 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies and the specific causes of tumor initiation are not well understood. B‑cell‑specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 protein (Bmi‑1) has been reported to be associated with the initiation and progression of osteosarcoma, and as a prognostic indicator in the clinic. In the current study, a full‑length antibody targeting Bmi‑1 (AbBmi‑1) was produced and the preclinical value of Bmi‑1‑targeted therapy was evaluated in bone carcinoma cells and tumor xenograft mice. The results indicated that the Bmi‑1 expression level was markedly upregulated in bone cancer cell lines, and inhibition of Bmi‑1 by AbBmi‑1 reduced the invasiveness and migration of osteosarcoma cells. Overexpression of Bmi‑1 promoted proliferation and angiogenesis, and increased apoptosis resistance induced by cisplatin via the nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) signal pathway. In addition, AbBmi‑1 treatment inhibited the tumorigenicity of osteosarcoma cells in vivo. Furthermore, AbBmi‑1 blocked NF‑κB signaling and reduced MMP‑9 expression. Furthermore, Bmi‑1 promoted osteosarcoma tumor growth, whereas AbBmi‑1 significantly inhibited osteosarcoma tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Notably, AbBmi‑1 decreased the percentages of Ki67‑positive cells and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling‑positive cells in tumors compared with Bmi‑1‑treated and PBS controls. Notably, MMP‑9 and NF‑κB expression were downregulated by treatment with AbBmi‑1 in MG‑63 osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, the data provides evidence that AbBmi‑1 inhibited the progression of osteosarcoma, suggesting that AbBmi‑1 may be a novel anti‑cancer agent through the inhibition of Bmi‑1 via activating the NF‑κB pathway in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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14
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Yu GH, Li AM, Li X, Yang Z, Peng H. Bispecific antibody suppresses osteosarcoma aggressiveness through regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28631557 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most lethal malignancies, and the prognosis remains dismal due to the paucity of effective therapeutic targets. Bmi-1 and TRIM-14 are associated with the initiation and progression of osteosarcoma, which could promote angiogenesis, invasion, and apoptotic resistance in bone cancer tissue. In this study, we constructed a bispecific antibody of BsAbBmi/TRIM targeting Bmi-1 and TRIM-14 and investigated the therapeutic value in bone carcinoma cells and xenograft mice. Our results showed that Bmi-1 and TRIM-14 expression levels were markedly upregulated correlated with nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation in bone cancer cells and clinical carcinoma tissues. Results have demonstrated that overexpression of Bmi-1 and TRIM-14 promoted growth, proliferation, aggressiveness, and apoptosis resistance of osteosarcoma cells. BsAbBmi/TRIM administration significantly inhibited nuclear factor-κB expression derived by matrix metalloproteinase-9 promoter. BsAbBmi/TRIM administration inhibited growth of osteosarcoma cells and downregulated Bmi-1 and TRIM-14 expression levels. Data also demonstrated that migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells were also inhibited by BsAbBmi/TRIM. In addition, results illustrated that BsAbBmi/TRIM inhibited tumor growth and tumorigenicity by blockaded sensor expression in nuclear factor-κB signal pathway. Furthermore, in vivo study showed that BsAbBmi/TRIM treatment markedly inhibited the tumorigenicity and growth of osteosarcoma cells compared to either AbBmi-1 or AbTRIM-14 treatment. Notably, survival of xenograft mice was prolonged by BsAbBmi/TRIM treatment compared to either AbBmi-1 or AbTRIM-14 treatment. In conclusion, these results provided new evidence that BsAbBmi/TRIM inhibited the progression of osteosarcoma, which suggest that BsAbBmi/TRIM may be a novel anti-cancer agent for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hua Yu
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ai-Min Li
- 2 Basic Medical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- 2 Basic Medical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong Yang
- 2 Basic Medical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Peng
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Kast RE, Skuli N, Cos S, Karpel-Massler G, Shiozawa Y, Goshen R, Halatsch ME. The ABC7 regimen: a new approach to metastatic breast cancer using seven common drugs to inhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and augment capecitabine efficacy. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 9:495-514. [PMID: 28744157 PMCID: PMC5513700 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s139963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer metastatic to bone has a poor prognosis despite recent advances in our understanding of the biology of both bone and breast cancer. This article presents a new approach, the ABC7 regimen (Adjuvant for Breast Cancer treatment using seven repurposed drugs), to metastatic breast cancer. ABC7 aims to defeat aspects of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that lead to dissemination of breast cancer to bone. As add-on to current standard treatment with capecitabine, ABC7 uses ancillary attributes of seven already-marketed noncancer treatment drugs to stop both the natural EMT process inherent to breast cancer and the added EMT occurring as a response to current treatment modalities. Chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery provoke EMT in cancer generally and in breast cancer specifically. ABC7 uses standard doses of capecitabine as used in treating breast cancer today. In addition, ABC7 uses 1) an older psychiatric drug, quetiapine, to block RANK signaling; 2) pirfenidone, an anti-fibrosis drug to block TGF-beta signaling; 3) rifabutin, an antibiotic to block beta-catenin signaling; 4) metformin, a first-line antidiabetic drug to stimulate AMPK and inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin, (mTOR); 5) propranolol, a beta-blocker to block beta-adrenergic signaling; 6) agomelatine, a melatonergic antidepressant to stimulate M1 and M2 melatonergic receptors; and 7) ribavirin, an antiviral drug to prevent eIF4E phosphorylation. All these block the signaling pathways - RANK, TGF-beta, mTOR, beta-adrenergic receptors, and phosphorylated eIF4E - that have been shown to trigger EMT and enhance breast cancer growth and so are worthwhile targets to inhibit. Agonism at MT1 and MT2 melatonergic receptors has been shown to inhibit both breast cancer EMT and growth. This ensemble was designed to be safe and augment capecitabine efficacy. Given the expected outcome of metastatic breast cancer as it stands today, ABC7 warrants a cautious trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse - CRCT, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Samuel Cos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ran Goshen
- Eliaso Consulting Ltd., Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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16
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Chen K, Cao W, Li J, Sprengers D, Hernanda PY, Kong X, van der Laan LJW, Man K, Kwekkeboom J, Metselaar HJ, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q. Differential Sensitivities of Fast- and Slow-Cycling Cancer Cells to Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 2 Inhibition by Mycophenolic Acid. Mol Med 2015; 21:792-802. [PMID: 26467706 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As uncontrolled cell proliferation requires nucleotide biosynthesis, inhibiting enzymes that mediate nucleotide biosynthesis constitutes a rational approach to the management of oncological diseases. In practice, however, results of this strategy are mixed and thus elucidation of the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade the effect of nucleotide biosynthesis restriction is urgently needed. Here we explored the notion that intrinsic differences in cancer cell cycle velocity are important in the resistance toward inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) by mycophenolic acid (MPA). In short-term experiments, MPA treatment of fast-growing cancer cells effectively elicited G0/G1 arrest and provoked apoptosis, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and colony formation. Forced expression of a mutated IMPDH2, lacking a binding site for MPA but retaining enzymatic activity, resulted in complete resistance of cancer cells to MPA. In nude mice subcutaneously engrafted with HeLa cells, MPA moderately delayed tumor formation by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Importantly, we developed a lentiviral vector-based Tet-on label-retaining system that enables to identify, isolate and functionally characterize slow-cycling or so-called label-retaining cells (LRCs) in vitro and in vivo. We surprisingly found the presence of LRCs in fast-growing tumors. LRCs were superior in colony formation, tumor initiation and resistance to MPA as compared with fast-cycling cells. Thus, the slow-cycling compartment of cancer seems predominantly responsible for resistance to MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Bio-X Center, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanlu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pratika Y Hernanda
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Biomolecular Research Center, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Bio-X Center, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Chen K, Man K, Metselaar HJ, Janssen HLA, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q. Rationale of personalized immunosuppressive medication for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2014; 20:261-9. [PMID: 24376158 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only potentially curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is not eligible for surgical resection. However, disease recurrence is the main challenge to the success of this treatment. Immunosuppressants that are universally used after transplantation to prevent graft rejection could potentially have a significant impact on HCC recurrence. Nevertheless, current research is exclusively focused on mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, which are thought to be the only class of immunosuppressive agents that can reduce HCC recurrence. In fact, substantial evidence from the bench to the bedside indicates that other classes of immunosuppressants may also exert diverse effects; for example, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors potentially have antitumor effects. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential effects of different types of immunosuppressants on HCC recurrence and their mechanisms of action from both experimental and clinical perspectives. To ultimately improve the outcomes of HCC patients after transplantation, we propose a concept and approaches for developing personalized immunosuppressive medication to be used either as immunosuppression maintenance or during the prevention/treatment of HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- Bio-X Center, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Mourtada R, Fonseca SB, Wisnovsky SP, Pereira MP, Wang X, Hurren R, Parfitt J, Larsen L, Smith RAJ, Murphy MP, Schimmer AD, Kelley SO. Re-directing an alkylating agent to mitochondria alters drug target and cell death mechanism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60253. [PMID: 23585833 PMCID: PMC3621862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have successfully delivered a reactive alkylating agent, chlorambucil (Cbl), to the mitochondria of mammalian cells. Here, we characterize the mechanism of cell death for mitochondria-targeted chlorambucil (mt-Cbl) in vitro and assess its efficacy in a xenograft mouse model of leukemia. Using a ρ° cell model, we show that mt-Cbl toxicity is not dependent on mitochondrial DNA damage. We also illustrate that re-targeting Cbl to mitochondria results in a shift in the cell death mechanism from apoptosis to necrosis, and that this behavior is a general feature of mitochondria-targeted Cbl. Despite the change in cell death mechanisms, we show that mt-Cbl is still effective in vivo and has an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared to the parent drug. These findings illustrate that mitochondrial rerouting changes the site of action of Cbl and also alters the cell death mechanism drastically without compromising in vivo efficacy. Thus, mitochondrial delivery allows the exploitation of Cbl as a promiscuous mitochondrial protein inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Mourtada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonali B. Fonseca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon P. Wisnovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark P. Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rose Hurren
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Parfitt
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael P. Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Building, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron D. Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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19
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Tian W, Deng Y, Li L, He H, Sun J, Xu D. Honokiol synergizes chemotherapy drugs in multidrug resistant breast cancer cells via enhanced apoptosis and additional programmed necrotic death. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:721-32. [PMID: 23242346 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge in cancer therapy. Apoptosis tolerance is one of the key mechanisms of MDR. Honokiol, a small-molecule pharmacologically active component, exhibits competent cytotoxicity in a variety of human cancer cells through apoptosis and other forms of programmed cell death (such as programmed necrosis). Although much work has been done on its antitumor effects, little attention has been paid on systemic evaluation of efficacy of honokiol combined with other chemotherapeutic agents, especially in drug‑resistant cell lines. Here, we systematically and quantitatively assess its combinational effect with different chemotherapeutic agents using the combination index (CI) equation. We found that honokiol synergized with chemotherapeutic agents both in sensitive and resistant, solid and non-solid (MCF-7, HL-60, MCF-7/ADR and HL-60/ADR) cell lines. Honokiol (40 µg/ml) induced necrotic cell death in MCF-7/ADR cells with characterized morphological and biochemical features. Co-incubation with honokiol and etoposide (VP-16) activated a complex death modality, which was composed of necrotic cell death and apoptosis. This dual-death pathway was shut down when pretreated with pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) and cyclophilin D inhibitor (cyclosporin A). Western blot analysis results proved that honokiol also enhanced VP-16-induced apoptosis potentially via blocking nuclear factor‑κB (NF-κB) activation. Our data for the first time quantitatively demonstrate that honokiol synergizes frequently-used chemotherapeutic agents via enhanced apoptosis and additional programmed necrotic death. These findings indicate a promising way to circumvent MDR and apoptosis tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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20
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Mycophenolic Acid overcomes imatinib and nilotinib resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia cells by apoptosis or a senescent-like cell cycle arrest. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:861301. [PMID: 23213550 PMCID: PMC3504262 DOI: 10.1155/2012/861301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We used K562 cells sensitive or generated resistant to imatinib or nilotinib to investigate their response to mycophenolic acid (MPA). MPA induced DNA damage leading to cell death with a minor contribution of apoptosis, as revealed by annexin V labeling (up to 25%). In contrast, cell cycle arrest and positive staining for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity were detected for a large cell population (80%). MPA-induced cell death was potentialized by the inhibition of autophagy and this is associated to the upregulation of apoptosis. In contrast, senescence was neither decreased nor abrogated in autophagy deficient K562 cells. Primary CD34 cells from CML patients sensitive or resistant to imatinib or nilotinib respond to MPA although apoptosis is mainly detected. These results show that MPA is an interesting tool to overcome resistance in vitro and in vivo mainly in the evolved phase of the disease.
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21
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Identification of novel serological tumor markers for human prostate cancer using integrative transcriptome and proteome analysis. Med Oncol 2012; 29:2877-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Pizon M, Rampanarivo H, Tauzin S, Chaigne-Delalande B, Daburon S, Castroviejo M, Moreau P, Moreau JF, Legembre P. Actin-independent exclusion of CD95 by PI3K/AKT signalling: implications for apoptosis. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2368-78. [PMID: 21557211 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The immune system eliminates infected or transformed cells through the activation of the death receptor CD95. CD95 engagement drives the recruitment of the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), which in turn aggregates and activates initiator caspases-8 and -10. The CD95-mediated apoptotic signal relies on the capacity to form the CD95/FADD/caspases complex termed the death-inducing signalling complex (DISC). Cells are classified according to the magnitude of DISC formation as either type I (efficient DISC formation) or type II (inefficient). CD95 localised to lipid rafts in type I cells, whereas the death receptor was excluded from these domains in type II cells. Here, we show that inhibition of both PI3K class IA and serine-threonine kinase Akt in type II cells promoted the redistribution of CD95 into lipid rafts, DISC formation and the initiation of the apoptotic signal. Strikingly, these molecular events took place independently of CD95L and the actin cytoskeleton. Overall, these findings highlight that the oncogenic PI3K/Akt signalling pathway participates in maintaining cells in a type II phenotype by excluding CD95 from lipid rafts.
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23
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Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase as a target for antiviral, anticancer, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:81-92. [PMID: 21426047 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides. In recent years it has become the target of multiple drugs in an attempt to cure a variety of diseases. Possible therapeutic drugs range from antiviral and anticancer to immunosuppressive targets. Research has shown that if IMPDH is effectively inhibited, cancerous growth can be slowed and virus replication can be stopped. Microbial and parasitic IMPDH differ significantly from the human isoforms and targeting those isoforms could lead to effective treatments for many diseases. Inhibiting IMPDH is an extremely promising therapy for a variety of disease states. Isoform- and species-selective inhibition is desirable and scientists are making significant progress in these areas.
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24
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Kepp O, Galluzzi L, Lipinski M, Yuan J, Kroemer G. Cell death assays for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2011; 10:221-37. [PMID: 21358741 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell death has an important role in many human diseases, and strategies aimed at modulating the associated pathways have been successfully applied to treat various disorders. Indeed, several clinically promising cytotoxic and cytoprotective agents with potential applications in cancer, ischaemic and neurodegenerative diseases have recently been identified by high-throughput screening (HTS), based on appropriate cell death assays. Given that different cell death modalities may be dysregulated in different diseases, it is becoming increasingly clear that such assays need to not only quantify the extent of cell death, but they must also be able to distinguish between the various pathways. Here, we systematically describe approaches to accurately quantify distinct cell death pathways, discuss their advantages and pitfalls, and focus on those techniques that are amenable to HTS.
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