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Segura M, García A, Gamarra G, Benítez Á, Iglesias-Moya J, Martínez C, Jamilena M. The transcription factor CpMYB62 controls the genetic network that leads to the determination of female flowers in Cucurbita pepo. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae115. [PMID: 38919554 PMCID: PMC11197297 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
In monoecious species, female flowering constitutes the developmental process that determines the onset and production of fruit and is therefore closely related to crop yield. This article presents the identification and phenotypic and molecular characterization of myb62, an ethylmethane sulfonate loss-of-function mutation that completely blocks the female floral transition, converting all female flowers into male flowers. BSA-seq analysis coupled with WGS showed that myb62 corresponds to a C>T transition in the coding region of the gene CpMYB62, generating a premature stop codon and a truncated transcription factor without its N-terminal effector domain. The myb62 phenotype was partially rescued by exogenous ethylene application, indicating that the function of CpMYB62 is mediated by ethylene. Different evidence supports this conclusion: first, the reduced ethylene production of the mutant, and second, the male flower productive phenotype of the double mutant between myb62 and the ethylene-insensitive mutant etr2b, which demonstrated that myb62 is epistatic over etr2b. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of WT and myb62 apical shoots confirmed that CpMYB62 regulates master sex-determining genes, upregulating those encoding the ethylene biosynthesis enzymes CpACO2B and CpACS27A and those encoding for transcription factors that promote the development of carpels(CpCRC), but downregulating those involved in the arrest of carpels (CpWIP1), In the gene network controlling sex determination in cucurbits, CpMYB62 occupies the most upstream position, activating ethylene and other sex determining genes involved in female flower determination in Cucurbita pepo.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Segura
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Alicia García
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - German Gamarra
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Álvaro Benítez
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Pechar GS, Sánchez-Pina MA, Coronado-Parra T, Bretó P, García-Almodóvar RC, Liu L, Aranda MA, Donaire L. Developmental stages and episode-specific regulatory genes in andromonoecious melon flower development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:305-320. [PMID: 38041589 PMCID: PMC11005788 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Given the lack of specific studies on floral development in melon (Cucumis melo L.), we carried out an extensive study involving morphological and transcriptomic analyses to characterize floral development in this species. METHODS Using an andromonoecious line, we analysed the development of floral buds in male and hermaphrodite flowers with both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Based on flower lengths, we established a correlation between the developmental stages and four main episodes of floral development and conducted an extensive RNA sequencing analysis of these episodes. KEY RESULTS We identified 12 stages of floral development, from the appearance of the floral meristems to anthesis. The main structural differences between male and hermaphrodite flowers appeared between stages 6 and 7; later stages of development leading to the formation of organs and structures in both types of flowers were also described. We analysed the gene expression patterns of the four episodes in flower development to find the genes that were specific to each given episode. Among others, we identified genes that defined the passage from one episode to the next according to the ABCDE model of floral development. CONCLUSIONS This work combines a detailed morphological analysis and a comprehensive transcriptomic study to enable characterization of the structural and molecular mechanisms that determine the floral development of an andromonoecious genotype in melon. Taken together, our results provide a first insight into gene regulation networks in melon floral development that are crucial for flowering and pollen formation, highlighting potential targets for genetic manipulation to improve crop yield of melon in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano S Pechar
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, PO Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Amelia Sánchez-Pina
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, PO Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa Coronado-Parra
- Microscopy Core Facility, Área Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia, PO Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pau Bretó
- Abiopep S.L., R&D Department, Parque Científico de Murcia, Ctra. de Madrid, Km 388, Complejo de Espinardo, Edf. R, 2º, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Roque Carlos García-Almodóvar
- Abiopep S.L., R&D Department, Parque Científico de Murcia, Ctra. de Madrid, Km 388, Complejo de Espinardo, Edf. R, 2º, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Miguel A Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, PO Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Livia Donaire
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, PO Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- Abiopep S.L., R&D Department, Parque Científico de Murcia, Ctra. de Madrid, Km 388, Complejo de Espinardo, Edf. R, 2º, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Nguyen NH, Ho PTB, Le LTT. Revisit and explore the ethylene-independent mechanism of sex expression in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024:10.1007/s00497-024-00501-1. [PMID: 38598160 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-024-00501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This review provides a thorough and comprehensive perspective on the topic of cucumber sexual expression. Specifically, insights into sex expression mediated by pathways other than ethylene are highlighted. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a common and important commercial crop that is cultivated and consumed worldwide. Additionally, this species is commonly used as a model for investigating plant sex expression. Cucumbers exhibit a variety of floral arrangements, comprising male, female, and hermaphroditic (bisexual) flowers. Generally, cucumber plants that produce female flowers are typically preferred due to their significant impact on the overall output. Various environmental conditions, such as temperature, light quality, and photoperiod, have been also shown to influence the sex expression in this species. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that ethylene and its biosynthesis genes are crucial in regulating cucumber sex expression. Gibberellins, another well-known phytohormone, can similarly influence cucumber sex expression via an ethylene-independent route. Further studies employing the next-generation sequencing technology also visualized a deeper slice of the molecular mechanism such as the role of the cell cycle program in the cucumber sex expression. This review aims to provide an overview of the sex expression of cucumber including its underlying molecular mechanism and regulatory aspects based on recent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Bich Ho
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thi Truc Le
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Segura M, García A, Gamarra G, Benítez Á, Iglesias-Moya J, Martínez C, Jamilena M. An miR164-resistant mutation in the transcription factor gene CpCUC2B enhances carpel arrest and ectopic boundary specification in Cucurbita pepo flower development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1948-1966. [PMID: 38066672 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The sex determination process in cucurbits involves the control of stamen or carpel development during the specification of male or female flowers from a bisexual floral meristem, a function coordinated by ethylene. A gain-of-function mutation in the miR164-binding site of CpCUC2B, ortholog of the Arabidopsis transcription factor gene CUC2, not only produced ectopic floral meristems and organs, but also suppressed the development of carpels and promoted the development of stamens. The cuc2b mutation induced the transcription of CpCUC2B in the apical shoots of plants after female flowering but repressed other CUC genes regulated by miR164, suggesting a conserved functional redundancy of these genes in the development of squash flowers. The synergistic androecious phenotype of the double mutant between cuc2b and etr2b, an ethylene-insensitive mutation that enhances the production of male flowers, demonstrated that CpCUC2B arrests the development of carpels independently of ethylene and CpWIP1B. The transcriptional regulation of CpCUC1, CpCUC2, and ethylene genes in cuc2b and ethylene mutants also confirms this conclusion. However, the epistasis of cuc2b over aco1a, a mutation that suppresses stamen arrest in female flowers, and the down-regulation of CpACS27A in cuc2b female apical shoots, indicated that CpCUC2B promotes stamen development by suppressing the late ethylene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Segura
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Alicia García
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Germán Gamarra
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Álvaro Benítez
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Vinay ND, Singh K, Ellur RK, Chinnusamy V, Jaiswal S, Iquebal MA, Munshi AD, Matsumura H, Boopalakrishnan G, Jat GS, Kole C, Gaikwad AB, Kumar D, Dey SS, Behera TK. High-quality Momordica balsamina genome elucidates its potential use in improving stress resilience and therapeutic properties of bitter gourd. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1258042. [PMID: 38333042 PMCID: PMC10851156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1258042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Momordica balsamina is the closest wild species that can be crossed with an important fruit vegetable crop, Momordica charantia, has immense medicinal value, and placed under II subclass of primary gene pool of bitter gourd. M. balsamina is tolerant to major biotic and abiotic stresses. Genome characterization of Momordica balsamina as a wild relative of bitter gourd will contribute to the knowledge of the gene pool available for improvement in bitter gourd. There is potential to transfer gene/s related to biotic resistance and medicinal importance from M. balsamina to M. charantia to produce high-quality, better yielding and stress tolerant bitter gourd genotypes. Methods The present study provides the first and high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of M. balsamina with size 384.90 Mb and N50 30.96 Mb using sequence data from 10x Genomics, Nanopore, and Hi-C platforms. Results A total of 6,32,098 transposons elements; 2,15,379 simple sequence repeats; 5,67,483 transcription factor binding sites; 3,376 noncoding RNA genes; and 41,652 protein-coding genes were identified, and 4,347 disease resistance, 67 heat stress-related, 05 carotenoid-related, 15 salt stress-related, 229 cucurbitacin-related, 19 terpenes-related, 37 antioxidant activity, and 06 sex determination-related genes were characterized. Conclusion Genome sequencing of M. balsamina will facilitate interspecific introgression of desirable traits. This information is cataloged in the form of webgenomic resource available at http://webtom.cabgrid.res.in/mbger/. Our finding of comparative genome analysis will be useful to get insights into the patterns and processes associated with genome evolution and to uncover functional regions of cucurbit genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. D. Vinay
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Singh
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjith Kumar Ellur
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anilabha Das Munshi
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - G. Boopalakrishnan
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gograj Singh Jat
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ambika Baladev Gaikwad
- Division of Genomic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Dey
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Segura M, García A, Benítez Á, Martínez C, Jamilena M. Comparative RNA-Seq Analysis between Monoecious and Androecious Plants Reveals Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Female Flowering in Cucurbita pepo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17195. [PMID: 38139023 PMCID: PMC10743737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the monoecious Cucurbita pepo, the transition to female flowering is the time at which the plant starts the production of female flowers after an initial male phase of development. Ethylene plays an essential role in this process since some ethylene deficient and ethylene-insensitive mutants are androecious and only produce male flowers. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating the specification and early development of female flowers, we have compared the transcriptomic changes occurring in the shoot apices of WT and androecious ethylene-insensitive etr1b mutant plants upon female flowering transition. There were 1160 female flowering-specific DEGs identified in WT plants upon female flowering, and 284 of them were found to be modulated by the ethylene-insensitive etr1b mutation. The function of these DEGs indicated that female flower specification depends on the adoption of a transcriptional program that includes previously identified sex-determining genes in the ethylene pathway, but also genes controlling the biosynthesis and signaling pathways of other phytohormones, and those encoding for many different transcription factors. The transcriptomic changes suggested that gibberellins play a negative role in female flowering, while ethylene, auxins, ABA and cytokinins are positive regulators. Transcription factors from 34 families, including NAC, ERF, bHLH, bZIP, MYB and C2H2/CH3, were found to be regulating female flowering in an ethylene-dependent or -independent manner. Our data open a new perspective of the molecular mechanisms that control the specification and development of female flowers in C. pepo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.S.); (A.G.); (Á.B.)
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.S.); (A.G.); (Á.B.)
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Goldman IL, Wang Y, Alfaro AV, Brainard S, Oravec MW, McGregor CE, van der Knaap E. Form and contour: breeding and genetics of organ shape from wild relatives to modern vegetable crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1257707. [PMID: 37841632 PMCID: PMC10568141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1257707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Shape is a primary determinant of consumer preference for many horticultural crops and it is also associated with many aspects of marketing, harvest mechanics, and postharvest handling. Perceptions of quality and preference often map to specific shapes of fruits, tubers, leaves, flowers, roots, and other plant organs. As a result, humans have greatly expanded the palette of shapes available for horticultural crops, in many cases creating a series of market classes where particular shapes predominate. Crop wild relatives possess organs shaped by natural selection, while domesticated species possess organs shaped by human desires. Selection for visually-pleasing shapes in vegetable crops resulted from a number of opportunistic factors, including modification of supernumerary cambia, allelic variation at loci that control fundamental processes such as cell division, cell elongation, transposon-mediated variation, and partitioning of photosynthate. Genes that control cell division patterning may be universal shape regulators in horticultural crops, influencing the form of fruits, tubers, and grains in disparate species. Crop wild relatives are often considered less relevant for modern breeding efforts when it comes to characteristics such as shape, however this view may be unnecessarily limiting. Useful allelic variation in wild species may not have been examined or exploited with respect to shape modifications, and newly emergent information on key genes and proteins may provide additional opportunities to regulate the form and contour of vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin L. Goldman
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Andrey Vega Alfaro
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Scott Brainard
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Madeline W. Oravec
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cecilia Elizabeth McGregor
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Aparna, Skarzyńska A, Pląder W, Pawełkowicz M. Impact of Climate Change on Regulation of Genes Involved in Sex Determination and Fruit Production in Cucumber. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2651. [PMID: 37514264 PMCID: PMC10385340 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Environmental changes, both natural and anthropogenic, mainly related to rising temperatures and water scarcity, are clearly visible around the world. Climate change is important for crop production and is a major issue for the growth and productivity of cucumbers. Processes such as sex determination, flower morphogenesis and fruit development in cucumbers are highly sensitive to various forms of stress induced by climatic changes. It is noteworthy that many factors, including genetic factors, transcription factors, phytohormones and miRNAs, are crucial in regulating these processes and are themselves affected by climate change. Changes in the expression and activity of these factors have been observed as a consequence of climatic conditions. This review focuses primarily on exploring the effects of climate change and abiotic stresses, such as increasing temperature and drought, on the processes of sex determination, reproduction, and fruit development in cucumbers at the molecular level. In addition, it highlights the existing research gaps that need to be addressed in order to improve our understanding of the complex interactions between climate change and cucumber physiology. This, in turn, may lead to strategies to mitigate the adverse effects and enhance cucumber productivity in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skarzyńska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pląder
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pawełkowicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Liu S, Lei C, Zhu Z, Li M, Chen Z, He W, Liu B, Chen L, Li X, Xie Y. Genome-Wide Analysis and Identification of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase ( ACS) Gene Family in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11158. [PMID: 37446336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene has an important role in regulating plant growth and development as well as responding to adversity stresses. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) is the rate-limiting enzyme for ethylene biosynthesis. However, the role of the ACS gene family in wheat has not been examined. In this study, we identified 12 ACS members in wheat. According to their position on the chromosome, we named them TaACS1-TaACS12, which were divided into four subfamilies, and members of the same subfamilies had similar gene structures and protein-conserved motifs. Evolutionary analysis showed that fragment replication was the main reason for the expansion of the TaACS gene family. The spatiotemporal expression specificity showed that most of the members had the highest expression in roots, and all ACS genes contained W box elements that were related to root development, which suggested that the ACS gene family might play an important role in root development. The results of the gene expression profile analysis under stress showed that ACS members could respond to a variety of stresses. Protein interaction prediction showed that there were four types of proteins that could interact with TaACS. We also obtained the targeting relationship between TaACS family members and miRNA. These results provided valuable information for determining the function of the wheat ACS gene, especially under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhanhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Mingzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhaopeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Liuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yanzhou Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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Turek S, Skarzyńska A, Pląder W, Pawełkowicz M. Understanding Transcription Factors and How They Affect Processes in Cucumber Sex Determination. Metabolites 2023; 13:740. [PMID: 37367898 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant reproduction is a fundamental process on Earth from the perspective of biodiversity, biomass gain, and crop productivity. It is therefore important to understand the sex determination process, and many researchers are investigating the molecular basis of this phenomenon. However, information on the influence of transcription factors (TFs), genes that encode DNA-binding proteins, on this process is limited, although cucumber is a model plant in this regard. In the present study, based on RNA-seq data for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we aimed to investigate the regulatory TFs that may influence the metabolic processes in the shoot apex containing the forming flower buds. Therefore, the annotation of the genome of the B10 cucumber line was supplemented with the assigned families of transcription factors. By performing ontology analyses of the DEGs, the processes they participate in were identified, and TFs were located among the results. In addition, TFs that have significantly overrepresented targets among DEGs were detected, and sex-specific interactome network maps were generated, indicating the regulatory TFs based on their effects on DEGs and furthermore, on the processes leading to the formation of different-sex flowers. Among the most overrepresented TF families in the sex comparisons were the NAC, bHLH, MYB, and bZIP families. An interaction network analysis indicated the most abundant families among DEGs' regulatory TFs were MYB, AP2/ERF, NAC, and bZIP, and those with the most significant impact on developmental processes were identified, namely the AP/ERF family, followed by DOF, MYB, MADS, and others. Thus, the networks' central nodes and key regulators were identified with respect to male, female, and hermaphrodite forms. Here, we proposed the first model of the regulatory network of TFs that influences the metabolism of sex development in cucumber. These findings may help us to understand the molecular genetics and functional mechanisms underlying sex determination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Turek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skarzyńska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pląder
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pawełkowicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Luo H, Zhang H, Wang H. Advance in sex differentiation in cucumber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186904. [PMID: 37265638 PMCID: PMC10231686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae (melon genus) and is an annual herbaceous vegetable crop. Cucumber is an important cash crop that is grown all over the world. From morphology to cytology, from canonical genetics to molecular biology, researchers have performed much research on sex differentiation and its regulatory mechanism in cucumber, mainly in terms of cucumber sex determination genes, environmental conditions, and the effects of plant hormones, revealing its genetic basis to improve the number of female flowers in cucumber, thus greatly improving the yield of cucumber. This paper reviews the research progress of sex differentiation in cucumber in recent years, mainly focusing on sex-determining genes, environmental conditions, and the influence of phytohormones in cucumber, and provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the realization of high and stable yield cultivation and molecular breeding of cucumber crop traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Luo
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Hangzhou Lin’an District Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanchun Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Huasen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Zhong J, Cui J, Liu J, Zhong C, Hu F, Dong J, Cheng J, Hu K. Fine-mapping and candidate gene analysis of the Mcgy1 locus responsible for gynoecy in bitter gourd (Momordica spp.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:81. [PMID: 36952023 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Mcgy1 locus responsible for gynoecy was fine-mapped into a 296.94-kb region, in which four single-nucleotide variations and six genes adjacent to them might be associate with sex differentiation in bitter gourd. Gynoecy plays an important role in high-efficiency hybrid seed production, and gynoecious plants are excellent materials for dissecting sex differentiation in Cucurbitaceae crop species, including bitter gourd. However, the gene responsible for gynoecy in bitter gourd is unknown. Here, we first identified a gynoecy locus designated Mcgy1 using the F2 population (n = 291) crossed from the gynoecious line S156G and the monoecious line K8-201 via bulked segregant analysis with whole-genome resequencing (BSA-seq) and molecular marker linkage analysis. Then, a large S156G × K8-201 F2 population (n = 5,656) was used for fine-mapping to delimit the Mcgy1 locus into a 296.94-kb physical region on pseudochromosome MC01, where included 33 annotated genes different from any homologous gynoecy genes previously reported in Cucurbitaceae species. Within this region, four underlying single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) that might cause gynoecy were identified by multiple genomic sequence variation analysis, and their six neighbouring genes were considered as potential candidate genes for Mcgy1. Of these, only MC01g1681 showed a significant differential expression at two-leaf developmental stage between S156G and its monoecious near-isogenic line S156 based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and qRT-PCR analyses. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed 21 key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and possible regulatory pathways of the formation of gynoecy in bitter gourd. Our findings provide a new clue for researching on gynoecious plants in Cucurbitaceae species and a theoretical basis for breeding gynoecious bitter gourd lines by the use of molecular markers-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junjie Cui
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agricultural, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512023, China
| | - Jichi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaowen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Kailin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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N. D. V, Matsumura H, Munshi AD, Ellur RK, Chinnusamy V, Singh A, Iquebal MA, Jaiswal S, Jat GS, Panigrahi I, Gaikwad AB, Rao AR, Dey SS, Behera TK. Molecular mapping of genomic regions and identification of possible candidate genes associated with gynoecious sex expression in bitter gourd. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1071648. [PMID: 36938036 PMCID: PMC10017754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bitter gourd is an important vegetable crop grown throughout the tropics mainly because of its high nutritional value. Sex expression and identification of gynoecious trait in cucurbitaceous vegetable crops has facilitated the hybrid breeding programme in a great way to improve productivity. In bitter gourd, gynoecious sex expression is poorly reported and detailed molecular pathways involve yet to be studied. The present experiment was conducted to study the inheritance, identify the genomic regions associated with gynoecious sex expression and to reveal possible candidate genes through QTL-seq. Segregation for the gynoecious and monoecious sex forms in the F2 progenies indicated single recessive gene controlling gynoecious sex expression in the genotype, PVGy-201. Gynoecious parent, PVGy-201, Monoecious parent, Pusa Do Mausami (PDM), and two contrasting bulks were constituted for deep-sequencing. A total of 10.56, 23.11, 15.07, and 19.38 Gb of clean reads from PVGy-201, PDM, gynoecious bulk and monoecious bulks were generated. Based on the ΔSNP index, 1.31 Mb regions on the chromosome 1 was identified to be associated with gynoecious sex expression in bitter gourd. In the QTL region 293,467 PVGy-201 unique variants, including SNPs and indels, were identified. In the identified QTL region, a total of 1019 homozygous variants were identified between PVGy1 and PDM genomes and 71 among them were non-synonymous variants (SNPS and INDELs), out of which 11 variants (7 INDELs, 4 SNPs) were classified as high impact variants with frame shift/stop gain effect. In total twelve genes associated with male and female gametophyte development were identified in the QTL-region. Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 12, Auxin response factor 6, Copper-transporting ATPase RAN1, CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 23, ABC transporter C family member 2, DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 1 isoform X2, Polygalacturonase QRT3-like isoform X2, Protein CHROMATIN REMODELING 4 were identified with possible role in gynoecious sex expression. Promoter region variation in 8 among the 12 genes indicated their role in determining gynoecious sex expression in bitter gourd genotype, DBGy-1. The findings in the study provides insight about sex expression in bitter gourd and will facilitate fine mapping and more precise identification of candidate genes through their functional validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay N. D.
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hideo Matsumura
- Gene Research Centre, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
| | - Anilabha Das Munshi
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjith Kumar Ellur
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gograj Singh Jat
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ipsita Panigrahi
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ambika Baladev Gaikwad
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - A. R. Rao
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Dey
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Baluchamy N, Thayyil P, Mathew D, Minimol JS, Koorathodi V. Candidate gene based SSR and SNP markers for gynoecy in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1125-1132. [PMID: 36401706 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though the bitter gourd hybrids are shown to have significant heterosis for many of the economic traits, processes such as manual bagging and hand pollination make the hybrid seed production labour-intensive. Use of gynoecious line as female parent makes hybrid seed production more economical. This work was performed with the objective to identify the candidate gene based molecular markers for gynoecy in bitter gourd. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven putative genes for flowering and sex expression, isolated from the monoecious (MC-136) and gynoecious (KAU-MCGy-101) bitter gourd accessions, were sequence characterized. MADS-box transcription factor genes AG6 and McAG2 had nucleotide polymorphisms at five sites each and were potential candidates for marker development. An In/Del polymorphism of 48 bp ([TC]24) in AG6 gene was used to develop an SSR marker and a transition mutation of [A/G] in this gene was used to develop a set of SNP markers. These markers have developed distinct polymorphism between the monoecious and gynoecious genotypes and were found suited for the marker assisted selection. CONCLUSIONS MADS box transcription factor genes AG6 and McAG2 are identified as candidates for sex expression in bitter gourd. Based on the InDels and transition in the intronic region of AG6, SSR marker BGAG6 and an SNP marker set segregating with the sex forms were developed. The markers have been validated using four other monoecious lines and are routinely used in our bitter gourd hybrid seed production programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivethitha Baluchamy
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 680 656, India
| | - Pradeepkumar Thayyil
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 680 656, India
| | - Deepu Mathew
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 680 656, India.
| | | | - Veni Koorathodi
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 680 656, India
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15
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Wang M, Yang S, Liu W, Cao Z, Chen L, Liu W, Xie D, Yan J, Jiang B, Peng Q. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of gynoecy trait in chieh-qua ( Benincasa hispida Cogn. var. chieh-qua How). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1158735. [PMID: 37152167 PMCID: PMC10157166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1158735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Gynoecy demonstrates an earlier production of hybrids and a higher yield and improves the efficiency of hybrid seed production. Therefore, the utilization of gynoecy is beneficial for the genetic breeding of chieh-qua. However, little knowledge of gynoecious-related genes in chieh-qua has been reported until now. Here, we used an F2 population from the cross between the gynoecious line 'A36' and the monoecious line 'SX' for genetic mapping and revealed that chieh-qua gynoecy was regulated by a single recessive gene. We fine-mapped it into a 530-kb region flanked by the markers Indel-3 and KASP145 on Chr.8, which harbors eight candidate genes. One of the candidate genes, Bhi08G000345, encoding networked protein 4 (CqNET4), contained a non-synonymous SNP resulting in the amino acid substitution of isoleucine (ATA; I) to methionine (ATG; M). CqNET4 was prominently expressed in the female flower, and only three genes related to ethylene synthesis were significantly expressed between 'A36' and 'SX.' The results presented here provide support for the CqNET4 as the most likely candidate gene for chieh-qua gynoecy, which differed from the reported gynoecious genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songguang Yang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Cao
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dasen Xie
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqiang Yan
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingwu Peng, ; Biao Jiang,
| | - Qingwu Peng
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingwu Peng, ; Biao Jiang,
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Grumet R, Lin YC, Rett-Cadman S, Malik A. Morphological and Genetic Diversity of Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) Fruit Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:23. [PMID: 36616152 PMCID: PMC9824707 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruits, which are eaten at an immature stage of development, can vary extensively in morphological features such as size, shape, waxiness, spines, warts, and flesh thickness. Different types of cucumbers that vary in these morphological traits are preferred throughout the world. Numerous studies in recent years have added greatly to our understanding of cucumber fruit development and have identified a variety of genetic factors leading to extensive diversity. Candidate genes influencing floral organ establishment, cell division and cell cycle regulation, hormone biosynthesis and response, sugar transport, trichome development, and cutin, wax, and pigment biosynthesis have all been identified as factors influencing cucumber fruit morphology. The identified genes demonstrate complex interplay between structural genes, transcription factors, and hormone signaling. Identification of genetic factors controlling these traits will facilitate breeding for desired characteristics to increase productivity, improve shipping, handling, and storage traits, and enhance consumer-desired qualities. The following review examines our current understanding of developmental and genetic factors driving diversity of cucumber fruit morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grumet
- Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ying-Chen Lin
- Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Stephanie Rett-Cadman
- Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ajaz Malik
- Department of Horticulture-Vegetable Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190 025, India
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Members of the ACS Gene Family in Cucurbita maxima and Their Transcriptional Responses to the Specific Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158476. [PMID: 35955610 PMCID: PMC9369044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction play critical roles in plant sex differentiation. ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase) is a rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis. However, the understanding of the ACS gene family in Cucurbita maxima is limited. Here, we identified and characterized 13 ACS genes in the C. maxima genome. All ACS genes could be divided into three groups according to a conserved serine residue at the C-terminus. Thirteen CmaACS genes were found to be randomly distributed on 10 of the 20 chromosomes of C. maxima. The ACS gene exhibits different tissue-specific expression patterns in pumpkin, and four ACS genes (CmaACS1, CmaACS4, CmaACS7, and CmaACS9) were expressed specifically in both the female and male flowers of C. maxima. In addition, the expression levels of CmaACS4 and CmaACS7 were upregulated after ethephon and IAA treatments, which ultimately increased the number of female flowers, decreased the position of the first female flower and decreased the number of bisexual flowers per plant. These results provide relevant information for determining the function of the ACS genes in C. maxima, especially for regulating the function of ethylene in sex determination.
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Boualem A, Berthet S, Devani RS, Camps C, Fleurier S, Morin H, Troadec C, Giovinazzo N, Sari N, Dogimont C, Bendahmane A. Ethylene plays a dual role in sex determination and fruit shape in cucurbits. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2390-2401.e4. [PMID: 35525245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Shapes of vegetables and fruits are the result of adaptive evolution and human selection. Modules controlling organ shape have been identified. However, little is known about signals coordinating organ development and shape. Here, we describe the characterization of a melon mutation rf1, leading to round fruit. Histological analysis of rf1 flower and fruits revealed fruit shape is determined at flower stage 8, after sex determination and before flower fertilization. Using positional cloning, we identified the causal gene as the monoecy sex determination gene CmACS7, and survey of melon germplasms showed strong association between fruit shape and sexual types. We show that CmACS7-mediated ethylene production in carpel primordia enhances cell expansion and represses cell division, leading to elongated fruit. Cell size is known to rise as a result of endoreduplication. At stage 8 and anthesis, we found no variation in ploidy levels between female and hermaphrodite flowers, ruling out endoreduplication as a factor in fruit shape determination. To pinpoint the gene networks controlling elongated versus round fruit phenotype, we analyzed the transcriptomes of laser capture microdissected carpels of wild-type and rf1 mutant. These high-resolution spatiotemporal gene expression dynamics revealed the implication of two regulatory modules. The first module implicates E2F-DP transcription factors, controlling cell elongation versus cell division. The second module implicates OVATE- and TRM5-related proteins, controlling cell division patterns. Our finding highlights the dual role of ethylene in the inhibition of the stamina development and the elongation of ovary and fruit in cucurbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnane Boualem
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Serge Berthet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ravi Sureshbhai Devani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Celine Camps
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Sebastien Fleurier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Halima Morin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christelle Troadec
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Nathalie Giovinazzo
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Nebahat Sari
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Catherine Dogimont
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Cebrián G, Iglesias-Moya J, Romero J, Martínez C, Garrido D, Jamilena M. The Ethylene Biosynthesis Gene CpACO1A: A New Player in the Regulation of Sex Determination and Female Flower Development in Cucurbita pepo. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:817922. [PMID: 35140733 PMCID: PMC8818733 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.817922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A methanesulfonate-generated mutant has been identified in Cucurbita pepo that alters sex determination. The mutation converts female into hermaphrodite flowers and disrupts the growth rate and maturation of petals and carpels, delaying female flower opening, and promoting the growth rate of ovaries and the parthenocarpic development of the fruit. Whole-genome resequencing allowed identification of the causal mutation of the phenotypes as a missense mutation in the coding region of CpACO1A, which encodes for a type I ACO enzyme that shares a high identity with Cucumis sativus CsACO3 and Cucumis melo CmACO1. The so-called aco1a reduced ACO1 activity and ethylene production in the different organs where the gene is expressed, and reduced ethylene sensitivity in flowers. Other sex-determining genes, such as CpACO2B, CpACS11A, and CpACS27A, were differentially expressed in the mutant, indicating that ethylene provided by CpACO1A but also the transcriptional regulation of CpACO1A, CpACO2B, CpACS11A, and CpACS27A are responsible for determining the fate of the floral meristem toward a female flower, promoting the development of carpels and arresting the development of stamens. The positive regulation of ethylene on petal maturation and flower opening can be mediated by inducing the biosynthesis of JA, while its negative control on ovary growth and fruit set could be mediated by its repressive effect on IAA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cebrián
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jonathan Romero
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Wang Z, Yadav V, Yan X, Cheng D, Wei C, Zhang X. Systematic genome-wide analysis of the ethylene-responsive ACS gene family: Contributions to sex form differentiation and development in melon and watermelon. Gene 2021; 805:145910. [PMID: 34419567 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene is an important regulatory phytohormone for sex differentiation and flower development. As the rate-limiting enzyme encoding genes in ethylene biosynthesis, ACS gene family has been well studied in cucumber; however, little is known in other cucurbit crops, such as melon and watermelon, which show diverse sex types in the field. Here, we identified and characterized eight ACS genes each in the genomes of melon and watermelon. According to the conserved serine residues at C-terminal, all the ACS genes could be characterized into three groups, which were supported by the exon-intron organizations and conserved motif distributions. ACS genes displayed diverse tissue-specific expression patterns among four melon and three watermelon sex types. Furthermore, a comparative expression analysis in the shoot apex identified orthologous pairs with potential functions in sex determination, e.g., ACS1s and ACS6s. All ACS orthologs in melon and watermelon exhibited similar expression patterns in monoecious and gynoecious genotypes, except for ACS11s and ACS12s. As expected, the majority of ACS genes were responsive to exogenous ethephon; however, some orthologs exhibited opposite expression patterns, such as ACS1s, ACS9s, and ACS10s. Collectively, our findings provide valuable ACS candidates related to flower development in various sex types of melon and watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Denghu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chunhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin 300384, China.
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21
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Aamir M, Karmakar P, Singh VK, Kashyap SP, Pandey S, Singh BK, Singh PM, Singh J. A novel insight into transcriptional and epigenetic regulation underlying sex expression and flower development in melon (Cucumis melo L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1729-1764. [PMID: 33547804 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important cucurbit and has been considered as a model plant for studying sex determination. The four most common sexual morphotypes in melon are monoecious (A-G-M), gynoecious (--ggM-), andromonoecious (A-G-mm), and hermaphrodite (--ggmm). Sex expression in melons is complex, as the genes and associated networks that govern the sex expression are not fully explored. Recently, RNA-seq transcriptomic profiling, ChIP-qPCR analysis integrated with gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways predicted the differentially expressed genes including sex-specific ACS and ACO genes, in regulating the sex-expression, phytohormonal cross-talk, signal transduction, and secondary metabolism in melons. Integration of transcriptional control through genetic interaction in between the ACS7, ACS11, and WIP1 in epistatic or hypostatic manner, along with the recruitment of H3K9ac and H3K27me3, epigenetically, overall determine sex expression. Alignment of protein sequences for establishing phylogenetic evolution, motif comparison, and protein-protein interaction supported the structural conservation while presence of the conserved hydrophilic and charged residues across the diverged evolutionary group predicted the functional conservation of the ACS protein. Presence of the putative cis-binding elements or DNA motifs, and its further comparison with DAP-seq-based cistrome and epicistrome of Arabidopsis, unraveled strong ancestry of melons with Arabidopsis. Motif comparison analysis also characterized putative genes and transcription factors involved in ethylene biosynthesis, signal transduction, and hormonal cross-talk related to sex expression. Overall, we have comprehensively reviewed research findings for a deeper insight into transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of sex expression and flower development in melons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aamir
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasi, India
| | - Pradip Karmakar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasi, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sarvesh Pratap Kashyap
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasi, India
| | - Sudhakar Pandey
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasi, India
| | - Binod Kumar Singh
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasi, India
| | - Prabhakar Mohan Singh
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasi, India
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasi, India
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22
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Xu C, Hao B, Sun G, Mei Y, Sun L, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Wang D, Rao Z, Li X, Shen QJ, Wang NN. Dual activities of ACC synthase: Novel clues regarding the molecular evolution of ACS genes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg8752. [PMID: 34757795 PMCID: PMC8580319 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg8752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene plays profound roles in plant development. The rate-limiting enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS), which is generally believed to be a single-activity enzyme evolving from aspartate aminotransferases. Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to catalyzing the conversion of S-adenosyl-methionine to the ethylene precursor ACC, genuine ACSs widely have Cβ-S lyase activity. Two N-terminal motifs, including a glutamine residue, are essential for conferring ACS activity to ACS-like proteins. Motif and activity analyses of ACS-like proteins from plants at different evolutionary stages suggest that the ACC-dependent pathway is uniquely developed in seed plants. A putative catalytic mechanism for the dual activities of ACSs is proposed on the basis of the crystal structure and biochemical data. These findings not only expand our current understanding of ACS functions but also provide novel insights into the evolutionary origin of ACS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bowei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gongling Sun
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mei
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lifang Sun
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunmei Sun
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zihe Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Ning Ning Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Zhang Y, Shen J, Bartholomew ES, Dong M, Chen S, Yin S, Zhai X, Feng Z, Ren H, Liu X. TINY BRANCHED HAIR functions in multicellular trichome development through an ethylene pathway in Cucumis sativus L. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:753-765. [PMID: 33577109 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The fruit trichomes of Cucurbitaceae are widely desired in many Asian countries and have been a key determinant of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivar selection for commercial production and breeding. However, our understanding of the initiation and development of cucumber trichomes is still limited. Here, we found that the cucumber TINY BRANCHED HAIR (TBH) gene is preferentially expressed in multicellular trichomes. Overexpression of CsTBH in tbh mutants restored the trichome phenotype and increased the percentage of female flowers, whereas silencing of CsTBH in wild-type plants resulted in stunted trichomes with a lower rate of female flowers. Furthermore, we provide evidence that CsTBH can directly bind to the promoters of cucumber 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase (CsACS) genes and regulate their expression, which affects multicellular trichome development, ethylene accumulation, and sex expression. Two cucumber acs mutants with different trichome morphology and sex morphs compared with their near-isogenic line further support our findings. Collectively, our study provides new information on the molecular mechanism of CsTBH in regulating multicellular trichome development and sex expression through an ethylene pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ezra S Bartholomew
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yin
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xuling Zhai
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxuan Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:4246. [PMID: 33608605 PMCID: PMC7895920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Castor (Ricinus communis L) is an ideal model species for sex mechanism studies in monoecious angiosperms, due to wide variations in sex expression. Sex reversion to monoecy in pistillate lines, along with labile sex expression, negatively influences hybrid seed purity. The study focuses on understanding the mechanisms of unisexual flower development, sex reversions and sex variations in castor, using various genotypes with distinct sex expression pattern. Male and female flowers had 8 and 12 developmental stages respectively, were morphologically similar till stage 4, with an intermediate bisexual state and were intermediate between type 1 and type 2 flowers. Pistil abortion was earlier than stamen inhibition. Sex alterations occurred at floral and inflorescence level. While sex-reversion was unidirectional towards maleness via bisexual stage, at high day temperatures (Tmax > 38 °C), femaleness was restored with subsequent drop in temperatures. Temperature existing for 2–3 weeks during floral meristem development, influences sexuality of the flower. We report for first time that unisexuality is preceded by bisexuality in castor flowers which alters with genotype and temperature, and sex reversions as well as high sexual polymorphisms in castor are due to alterations in floral developmental pathways. Differentially expressed (male-abundant or male-specific) genes Short chain dehydrogenase reductase 2a (SDR) and WUSCHEL are possibly involved in sex determination of castor.
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25
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Martínez C, Jamilena M. To be a male or a female flower, a question of ethylene in cucurbits. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 59:101981. [PMID: 33517096 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Within the Cucurbitaceae family, most of its species develop unisexual female and male flowers, either on the same plant (monoecy) or on different plants (dioecy). As in other plant families, these two sex morphotypes have evolved from hermaphrodite species; however, many evolutionary events have occurred in cucurbits allowing easy conversion from dioecy to monoecy and vice versa. The variability in sex morphotypes is higher in the domesticated species of the family, which together with recent advances in genomics, make cucurbits an ideal model to study the genetic and molecular mechanisms that control sex determination in plants. Conventional studies demonstrated that ethylene was the master regulator of sex determination in cucurbits, although some cultivated species may respond differently to ethylene action. In this article, we survey the new advances in hormonal and genetic control of sex determination in cucurbit species, control which establishes the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes as being those that determine the floral meristem towards a male, female or hermaphrodite flower. The interactions between these genes are integrated into a model that explains the occurrence and distribution of unisexal and hermaphrodite flowers within the different sex morphotypes. We underline the significance of this scientific progress with regard to breeding programs for agronomically-important sex-associated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Zhang J, Feng S, Yuan J, Wang C, Lu T, Wang H, Yu C. The Formation of Fruit Quality in Cucumis sativus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:729448. [PMID: 34630474 PMCID: PMC8495254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.729448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber is one of the most widely grown vegetables in China and an indispensable fresh fruit in the diet. With the development of society, the demand of people for cucumber quality is higher and higher. Therefore, cultivating high-quality cucumber varieties is one of the main goals of cucumber breeding. With the rapid development of biotechnology such as molecular marker, cucumber quality control network is becoming clear. In this review, we describe the formation mechanism of cucumber fruit quality from three aspects: (1) the commercial quality of cucumber fruit, (2) nutritional quality formation, and (3) flavor quality of cucumber fruit. In addition, the determinants of cucumber fruit quality were summarized from two aspects of genetic regulation and cultivation methods in order to provide ideas for cucumber researchers and cultivators to improve fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huasen Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huasen Wang,
| | - Chao Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Chao Yu,
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27
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Badouin H, Velt A, Gindraud F, Flutre T, Dumas V, Vautrin S, Marande W, Corbi J, Sallet E, Ganofsky J, Santoni S, Guyot D, Ricciardelli E, Jepsen K, Käfer J, Berges H, Duchêne E, Picard F, Hugueney P, Tavares R, Bacilieri R, Rustenholz C, Marais GAB. The wild grape genome sequence provides insights into the transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism during grape domestication. Genome Biol 2020; 21:223. [PMID: 32892750 PMCID: PMC7487632 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A key step in domestication of the grapevine was the transition from separate sexes (dioecy) in wild Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris (V. sylvestris) to hermaphroditism in cultivated Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa (V. vinifera). It is known that V. sylvestris has an XY system and V. vinifera a modified Y haplotype (Yh) and that the sex locus is small, but it has not previously been precisely characterized. Results We generate a high-quality de novo reference genome for V. sylvestris, onto which we map whole-genome re-sequencing data of a cross to locate the sex locus. Assembly of the full X, Y, and Yh haplotypes of V. sylvestris and V. vinifera sex locus and examining their gene content and expression profiles during flower development in wild and cultivated accessions show that truncation and deletion of tapetum and pollen development genes on the X haplotype likely causes male sterility, while the upregulation of a Y allele of a cytokinin regulator (APRT3) may cause female sterility. The downregulation of this cytokinin regulator in the Yh haplotype may be sufficient to trigger reversal to hermaphroditism. Molecular dating of X and Y haplotypes is consistent with the sex locus being as old as the Vitis genus, but the mechanism by which recombination was suppressed remains undetermined. Conclusions We describe the genomic and evolutionary characterization of the sex locus of cultivated and wild grapevine, providing a coherent model of sex determination in the latter and for transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism during domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Badouin
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Amandine Velt
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000, Colmar, France
| | - François Gindraud
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Timothée Flutre
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRAE, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Dumas
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000, Colmar, France
| | - Sonia Vautrin
- INRAE, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - William Marande
- INRAE, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jonathan Corbi
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Erika Sallet
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jérémy Ganofsky
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Santoni
- INRAE, UMR AGAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Kristen Jepsen
- IGM Genomics Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jos Käfer
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hélène Berges
- INRAE, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Eric Duchêne
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000, Colmar, France
| | - Franck Picard
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Hugueney
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000, Colmar, France
| | - Raquel Tavares
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Roberto Bacilieri
- INRAE, UMR AGAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Camille Rustenholz
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000, Colmar, France.
| | - Gabriel A B Marais
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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Aguado E, García A, Iglesias-Moya J, Romero J, Wehner TC, Gómez-Guillamón ML, Picó B, Garcés-Claver A, Martínez C, Jamilena M. Mapping a Partial Andromonoecy Locus in Citrullus lanatus Using BSA-Seq and GWAS Approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1243. [PMID: 32973825 PMCID: PMC7466658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The sexual expression of watermelon plants is the result of the distribution and occurrence of male, female, bisexual and hermaphrodite flowers on the main and secondary stems. Plants can be monoecious (producing male and female flowers), andromonoecious (producing male and hermaphrodite flowers), or partially andromonoecious (producing male, female, bisexual, and hermaphrodite flowers) within the same plant. Sex determination of individual floral buds and the distribution of the different flower types on the plant, are both controlled by ethylene. A single missense mutation in the ethylene biosynthesis gene CitACS4, is able to promote the conversion of female into hermaphrodite flowers, and therefore of monoecy (genotype MM) into partial andromonoecy (genotype Mm) or andromonoecy (genotype mm). We phenotyped and genotyped, for the M/m locus, a panel of 207 C. lanatus accessions, including five inbreds and hybrids, and found several accessions that were repeatedly phenotyped as PA (partially andromonoecious) in several locations and different years, despite being MM. A cosegregation analysis between a SNV in CitACS4 and the PA phenotype, demonstrated that the occurrence of bisexual and hermaphrodite flowers in a PA line is not dependent on CitACS4, but conferred by an unlinked recessive gene which we called pa. Two different approaches were performed to map the pa gene in the genome of C. lanatus: bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and genome wide association analysis studies (GWAS). The BSA-seq study was performed using two contrasting bulks, the monoecious M-bulk and the partially andromonoecious PA-bulk, each one generated by pooling DNA from 20 F2 plants. For GWAS, 122 accessions from USDA gene bank, already re-sequenced by genotyping by sequencing (GBS), were used. The combination of the two approaches indicates that pa maps onto a genomic region expanding across 32.24-36.44 Mb in chromosome 1 of watermelon. Fine mapping narrowed down the pa locus to a 867 Kb genomic region containing 101 genes. A number of candidate genes were selected, not only for their function in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling as well as their role in flower development and sex determination, but also by the impact of the SNPs and indels differentially detected in the two sequenced bulks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnación Aguado
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Alicia García
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jonathan Romero
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Todd C. Wehner
- Departament of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Belén Picó
- COMAV—Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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García A, Aguado E, Garrido D, Martínez C, Jamilena M. Two androecious mutations reveal the crucial role of ethylene receptors in the initiation of female flower development in Cucurbita pepo. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1548-1560. [PMID: 32436252 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is the key regulator of sex determination in monoecious species of the family Cucurbitaceae. This hormone determines which individual floral meristems develop as female or male flowers and the female flowering transition. The sex determination genes discovered so far code for ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, but little is known about the importance of ethylene signaling components. In this paper we characterize two novel ethylene-insensitive mutations (etr1a-1 and etr1b) which block the female flowering transition of Cucurbita pepo; this makes plants produce male flowers indefinitely (androecy). Two missense mutations in the ethylene-binding domain of the ethylene receptors CpETR1A or CpETR1B were identified as the causal mutations of these phenotypes by using whole-genome resequencing. The distinctive phenotypes of single and double mutants for four etr mutations have demonstrated that the final level of ethylene insensitivity depends upon the strength and dosage of mutant alleles for at least three cooperating ETR genes, and that the level of ethylene insensitivity determines the final sex phenotype of the plant. The sex phenotype ranges from monoecy in ethylene-sensitive wild-type plants to androecy in the strongest ethylene-insensitive ones, via andromonoecy in partially ethylene-insensitive plants. The induction of female flowering transition was found to be associated with upregulation of CpACS11, CpACO2 and CpACS27, three ethylene biosynthesis genes required for female flower development. A model is proposed herein, integrating both ethylene biosynthesis and receptor genes into the genetic network which regulates sex determination in C. pepo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia García
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Encarnación Aguado
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
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Zhang J, Guo S, Ji G, Zhao H, Sun H, Ren Y, Tian S, Li M, Gong G, Zhang H, Xu Y. A unique chromosome translocation disrupting ClWIP1 leads to gynoecy in watermelon. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:265-277. [PMID: 31529543 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To understand sex determination in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), a spontaneous gynoecious watermelon mutant, XHBGM, was selected from the monoecious wild type XHB. Using map-based cloning, resequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, a unique chromosome translocation between chromosome 2 and chromosome 3 was found in XHBGM. Based on the breakpoint location in chromosome 2, a putative C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor gene, ClWIP1 (gene ID Cla008537), an orthologue of the melon gynoecy gene CmWIP1, was disrupted. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system 9 to edit ClWIP1, we obtained gynoecious watermelon lines. Functional studies showed that ClWIP1 is expressed specifically in carpel primordia and is related to the abortion of carpel primordia in early floral development. To identify the cellular and metabolic processes associated with ClWIP1, we compared the shoot apex transcriptomes of two gynoecious mutants and their corresponding wild types. Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes related to the ethylene and cytokinin pathways were upregulated in the gynoecious mutants. This study explores the molecular mechanism of sex determination in watermelon and provides a theoretical and technical basis for breeding elite gynoecious watermelon lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shaogui Guo
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Gaojie Ji
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Honghe Sun
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yi Ren
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shouwei Tian
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Maoying Li
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yong Xu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
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García A, Aguado E, Martínez C, Loska D, Beltrán S, Valenzuela JL, Garrido D, Jamilena M. The ethylene receptors CpETR1A and CpETR2B cooperate in the control of sex determination in Cucurbita pepo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:154-167. [PMID: 31562498 PMCID: PMC6913735 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening of an ethyl methanesulfonate-generated mutant collection of Cucurbita pepo using the ethylene triple-response test resulted in the identification of two semi-dominant ethylene-insensitive mutants: etr1a and etr2b. Both mutations altered sex determination mechanisms, promoting conversion of female into bisexual or hermaphrodite flowers, and monoecy into andromonoecy, thereby delaying the transition to female flowering and reducing the number of pistillate flowers per plant. The mutations also altered the growth rate and maturity of petals and carpels in pistillate flowers, lengthening the time required for flowers to reach anthesis, as well as stimulating the growth rate of ovaries and the parthenocarpic development of fruits. Whole-genome sequencing allowed identification of the causal mutation of the phenotypes as two missense mutations in the coding region of CpETR1A and CpETR2B, each one corresponding to one of the duplicates of ethylene receptor genes highly homologous to Arabidopsis ETR1 and ETR2. The phenotypes of homozygous and heterozygous single- and double-mutant plants indicated that the two ethylene receptors cooperate in the control of the ethylene response. The level of ethylene insensitivity, which was determined by the strength of each mutant allele and the dose of wild-type and mutant etr1a and etr2b alleles, correlated with the degree of phenotypic changes in the mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia García
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Encarnación Aguado
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Damian Loska
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Beltrán
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Valenzuela
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Corresponding author:
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Pan Y, Wang Y, McGregor C, Liu S, Luan F, Gao M, Weng Y. Genetic architecture of fruit size and shape variation in cucurbits: a comparative perspective. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1-21. [PMID: 31768603 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family hosts many economically important fruit vegetables (cucurbits) such as cucumber, melon, watermelon, pumpkin/squash, and various gourds. The cucurbits are probably best known for the diverse fruit sizes and shapes, but little is known about their genetic basis and molecular regulation. Here, we reviewed the literature on fruit size (FS), shape (FSI), and fruit weight (FW) QTL identified in cucumber, melon, and watermelon, from which 150 consensus QTL for these traits were inferred. Genome-wide survey of the three cucurbit genomes identified 253 homologs of eight classes of fruit or grain size/weight-related genes cloned in Arabidopsis, tomato, and rice that encode proteins containing the characteristic CNR (cell number regulator), CSR (cell size regulator), CYP78A (cytochrome P450), SUN, OVATE, TRM (TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif), YABBY, and WOX domains. Alignment of the consensus QTL with candidate gene homologs revealed widespread structure and function conservation of fruit size/shape gene homologs in cucurbits, which was exemplified with the fruit size/shape candidate genes CsSUN25-26-27a and CsTRM5 in cucumber, CmOFP1a in melon, and ClSUN25-26-27a in watermelon. In cucurbits, the andromonoecy (for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) and the carpel number (for CLAVATA3) loci are known to have pleiotropic effects on fruit shape, which may complicate identification of fruit size/shape candidate genes in these regions. The present work illustrates the power of comparative analysis in understanding the genetic architecture of fruit size/shape variation, which may facilitate QTL mapping and cloning for fruit size-related traits in cucurbits. The limitations and perspectives of this approach are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Pan
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Cecilia McGregor
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shi Liu
- College of Horticulture and, Landscape Architecture at Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Feishi Luan
- College of Horticulture and, Landscape Architecture at Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Meiling Gao
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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33
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Khadka J, Yadav NS, Guy M, Grafi G, Golan-Goldhirsh A. Epigenetic aspects of floral homeotic genes in relation to sexual dimorphism in the dioecious plant Mercurialis annua. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6245-6259. [PMID: 31504768 PMCID: PMC6859717 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In plants, dioecy characterizes species that carry male and female flowers on separate plants and it occurs in about 6% of angiosperms; however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie dioecy are essentially unknown. The ability for sex-reversal by hormone application raises the hypothesis that the genes required for the expression of both sexes are potentially functional but are regulated by epigenetic means. In this study, proteomic analysis of nuclear proteins isolated from flower buds of females, males, and feminized males of the dioecious plant Mercurialis annua revealed differential expression of nuclear proteins that are implicated in chromatin structure and function, including floral homeotic proteins. Focusing on floral genes, we found that class B genes were mainly expressed in male flowers, while class D genes, as well as SUPERMAN-like genes, were mainly expressed in female flowers. Cytokinin-induced feminization of male plants was associated with down-regulation of male-specific genes concomitantly with up-regulation of female-specific genes. No correlation was found between the expression of class B and D genes and the changes in DNA methylation or chromatin conformation of these genes. Thus, we could not confirm DNA methylation or chromatin conformation of floral genes to be the major determinant regulating sexual dimorphisms. Instead, determination of sex in M. annua might be controlled upstream of floral genes by one or more sex-specific factors that affect hormonal homeostasis. A comprehensive model is proposed for sex-determination in M. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janardan Khadka
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
| | | | - Micha Guy
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
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The gynoecious CmWIP1 transcription factor interacts with CmbZIP48 to inhibit carpel development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15443. [PMID: 31659221 PMCID: PMC6817838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In angiosperms, sex determination leads to development of unisexual flowers. In Cucumis melo, development of unisexual male flowers results from the expression of the sex determination gene, CmWIP1, in carpel primordia. To bring new insight on the molecular mechanisms through which CmWIP1 leads to carpel abortion in male flowers, we used the yeast two-hybrid approach to look for CmWIP1-interacting proteins. We found that CmWIP1 physically interacts with an S2 bZIP transcription factor, CmbZIP48. We further determined the region mediating the interaction and showed that it involves the N-terminal part of CmWIP1. Using laser capture microdissection coupled with quantitative real-time gene expression analysis, we demonstrated that CmWIP1 and CmbZIP48 share a similar spatiotemporal expression pattern, providing the plant organ context for the CmWIP1-CmbZIP48 protein interaction. Using sex transition mutants, we demonstrated that the expression of the male promoting gene CmWIP1 correlates with the expression of CmbZIP48. Altogether, our data support a model in which the coexpression and the physical interaction of CmWIP1 and CmbZIP48 trigger carpel primordia abortion, leading to the development of unisexual male flowers.
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Devani RS, Chirmade T, Sinha S, Bendahmane A, Dholakia BB, Banerjee AK, Banerjee J. Flower bud proteome reveals modulation of sex-biased proteins potentially associated with sex expression and modification in dioecious Coccinia grandis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:330. [PMID: 31337343 PMCID: PMC6651928 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioecy is an important sexual system wherein, male and female flowers are borne on separate unisexual plants. Knowledge of sex-related differences can enhance our understanding in molecular and developmental processes leading to unisexual flower development. Coccinia grandis is a dioecious species belonging to Cucurbitaceae, a family well-known for diverse sexual forms. Male and female plants have 22A + XY and 22A + XX chromosomes, respectively. Previously, we have reported a gynomonoecious form (22A + XX) of C. grandis bearing morphologically hermaphrodite flowers (GyM-H) and female flowers (GyM-F). Also, we have showed that foliar spray of AgNO3 on female plant induces morphologically hermaphrodite bud development (Ag-H) despite the absence of Y-chromosome. RESULTS To identify sex-related differences, total proteomes from male, female, GyM-H and Ag-H flower buds at early and middle stages of development were analysed by label-free proteomics. Protein search against the cucumber protein sequences (Phytozome) as well as in silico translated C. grandis flower bud transcriptome database, resulted in the identification of 2426 and 3385 proteins (FDR ≤ 1%), respectively. The latter database was chosen for further analysis as it led to the detection of higher number of proteins. Identified proteins were annotated using BLAST2GO pipeline. SWATH-MS-based comparative abundance analysis between Female_Early_vs_Male_Early, Ag_Early_vs_Female_Early, GyM-H_Middle_vs_Male_Middle and Ag_Middle_vs_ Male_Middle led to the identification of 650, 1108, 905 and 805 differentially expressed proteins, respectively, at fold change ≥1.5 and P ≤ 0.05. Ethylene biosynthesis-related candidates as highlighted in protein interaction network were upregulated in female buds compared to male buds. AgNO3 treatment on female plant induced proteins related to pollen development in Ag-H buds. Additionally, a few proteins governing pollen germination and tube growth were highly enriched in male buds compared to Ag-H and GyM-H buds. CONCLUSION Overall, current proteomic analysis provides insights in the identification of key proteins governing dioecy and unisexual flower development in cucurbitaceae, the second largest horticultural family in terms of economic importance. Also, our results suggest that the ethylene-mediated stamen inhibition might be conserved in dioecious C. grandis similar to its monoecious cucurbit relatives. Further, male-biased proteins associated with pollen germination and tube growth identified here can help in understanding pollen fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Suresh Devani
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008 India
- IPS2, INRA, CNRS, University Paris Sud, University of Evry, University of Paris Diderot, University of Paris Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Tejas Chirmade
- Biochemical Science Division National Chemical laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sangram Sinha
- Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022 India
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- IPS2, INRA, CNRS, University Paris Sud, University of Evry, University of Paris Diderot, University of Paris Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Bhushan B. Dholakia
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008 India
- Biochemical Science Division National Chemical laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, 411008 India
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022 India
| | - Anjan Kumar Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008 India
| | - Jayeeta Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008 India
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36
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Wang Y, Yan C, Zou B, Wang C, Xu W, Cui C, Qu S. Morphological, Transcriptomic and Hormonal Characterization of Trimonoecious and Subandroecious Pumpkin ( Cucurbita maxima) Suggests Important Roles of Ethylene in Sex Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133185. [PMID: 31261811 PMCID: PMC6651883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex expression is a complex process, and in-depth knowledge of its mechanism in pumpkin is important. In this study, young shoot apices at the one-true-leaf stage and 10-leaf stage in Cucurbita maxima trimonoecious line ‘2013–12’ and subandroecious line ‘9–6’ were collected as materials, and transcriptome sequencing was performed using an Illumina HiSeqTM 2000 System. 496 up-regulated genes and 375 down-regulated genes were identified between shoot apices containing mostly male flower buds and only female flower buds. Based on gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the ethylene and auxin synthesis and signal transduction pathways. In addition, shoot apices at the 4-leaf stage were treated with the ethylene-releasing agent 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel), aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), AgNO3 and indoleacetic acid (IAA). The number of female flowers up to node 20 on the main stem of ‘2013–12’ increased significantly after Ethrel and IAA treatment and decreased significantly after AVG and AgNO3 treatment. The female flowers in ‘9–6’ showed slight changes after treatment with the exogenous chemicals. The expression of key genes in ethylene synthesis and signal transduction (CmaACS7, CmaACO1, CmaETR1 and CmaEIN3) was determined using quantitative RT-PCR, and the expression of these four genes was positively correlated with the number of female flowers in ‘2013–12’. The variations in gene expression, especially that of CmaACS7, after chemical treatment were small in ‘9–6’. From stage 1 (S1) to stage 7 (S7) of flower development, the expression of CmaACS7 in the stamen was much lower than that in the ovary, stigma and style. These transcriptome data and chemical treatment results indicated that IAA might affect pumpkin sex expression by inducing CmaACS7 expression and indirectly affecting ethylene production, and the ethylene synthesis and signal transduction pathways play crucial roles in pumpkin flower sex expression. A possible reason for the differences in sex expression between pumpkin lines ‘2013–12’ and ‘9–6’ was proposed based on the key gene expression. Overall, these transcriptome data and chemical treatment results suggest important roles for ethylene in pumpkin sex expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chundong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Bingxue Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chongshi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shuping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Che G, Zhang X. Molecular basis of cucumber fruit domestication. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:38-46. [PMID: 30253288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an economically important vegetable crop that is cultivated worldwide. Compared to the wild ancestor bearing small, bitter and seedy fruit, domesticated cucumbers exhibit significant variation in fruit appearance, size and flavor. Understanding the molecular basis of domestication related traits can provide insights into fruit evolution and make crop breeding more efficient. Here we review recent advances in relating to the genetic basis of fruit morphological traits (femaleness, fruit spine, wart, size, color and carpel development) and organoleptic features (bitterness) during cucumber domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Che
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li D, Sheng Y, Niu H, Li Z. Gene Interactions Regulating Sex Determination in Cucurbits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1231. [PMID: 31649699 PMCID: PMC6796545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The family Cucurbitaceae includes many economically important crops, such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus), melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), which share homologous gene pathways that control similar phenotypes. Sex determination is a research hotspot associated with yield and quality, and the genes involved are highly orthologous and conserved in cucurbits. In the field, six normal sex types have been categorized according to the distribution of female, male, or bisexual flowers in a given plant. To date, five orthologous genes involved in sex determination have been cloned, and their various combinations and expression patterns can explain all the identified sex types. In addition to genetic mechanisms, ethylene controls sex expression in this family. Two ethylene signaling components have been identified recently, which will help us to explore the ethylene signaling-mediated interactions among sex-related genes. This review discusses recent advances relating to the mechanism of sex determination in cucurbits and the prospects for research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, China
| | - Yunyan Sheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Hobza R, Hudzieczek V, Kubat Z, Cegan R, Vyskot B, Kejnovsky E, Janousek B. Sex and the flower - developmental aspects of sex chromosome evolution. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:1085-1101. [PMID: 30032185 PMCID: PMC6324748 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The evolution of dioecious plants is occasionally accompanied by the establishment of sex chromosomes: both XY and ZW systems have been found in plants. Structural studies of sex chromosomes are now being followed up by functional studies that are gradually shedding light on the specific genetic and epigenetic processes that shape the development of separate sexes in plants. Scope This review describes sex determination diversity in plants and the genetic background of dioecy, summarizes recent progress in the investigation of both classical and emerging model dioecious plants and discusses novel findings. The advantages of interspecies hybrids in studies focused on sex determination and the role of epigenetic processes in sexual development are also overviewed. Conclusions We integrate the genic, genomic and epigenetic levels of sex determination and stress the impact of sex chromosome evolution on structural and functional aspects of plant sexual development. We also discuss the impact of dioecy and sex chromosomes on genome structure and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Hobza
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Hudzieczek
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kubat
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Cegan
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Vyskot
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Kejnovsky
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Janousek
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic
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Lai YS, Zhang W, Zhang X, Shen D, Wang H, Qiu Y, Song J, Li X. Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomic and Methylomic Data in Photoperiod-Dependent Regulation of Cucumber Sex Expression. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:3981-3991. [PMID: 30377155 PMCID: PMC6288824 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is characterized by its diversity and seasonal plasticity in sexual type. A long day length condition significantly decreased the cucumber female flower ratio by 17.7-52.9%, and the effect of photoperiod treatment is more significant under low temperature than under high temperature. Transcriptome analysis indicates that the photoperiod treatment preferentially significantly influenced flower development processes, particularly MADS-box genes in shoot apices. The long-day treatment resulted in predominantly transposable element (TE)- and gene-associated CHH-types of DNA methylation changes. Nevertheless, there was significant enrichment of CG- and CHG-types of DNA methylation changes nearing transcription start sites (TSSs)/transcription end sites (TESs) and gene bodies, respectively. Predominantly negative association between differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed which implied epiregulation of DEGs. Two MADS-box genes that were significantly downregulated by long photoperiod showed significant hypermethylation in promoter regions that is essentially TE-rich. This study indicates MADS-box genes which are partially regulated by promoter methylation state may mediate photoperiod-dependent regulation of cucumber sex expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Song Lai
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611180, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Di Shen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xixiang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Aguado E, García A, Manzano S, Valenzuela JL, Cuevas J, Pinillos V, Jamilena M. The sex-determining gene CitACS4 is a pleiotropic regulator of flower and fruit development in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:411-426. [PMID: 30128916 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the species of the Cucurbitaceae family, the occurrence of separate male and female flowers in the same plant (monoecy) is controlled by an ethylene biosynthesis ACS gene, which specifically suppresses the development of stamen in the female flower. In watermelon, a mutation of loss of function in CitACS4 promotes the conversion of female into hermaphrodite flowers, and of monoecious into andromonoecious plants. We have studied whether the ethylene produced by CitACS4 enzyme could also be involved in other ethylene-regulated traits, including pistillate flowering transition and the number of female flowers per plant, the development of floral organs other than stamens, as well as fruit and seed set, and fruit development. A linkage analysis approach was performed in three independent F2 populations segregating for the two alleles of the gene (M, monoecious; m, andromonoecious), and the different traits under study. The CitACS4m allele not only cosegregated with andromonoecy, but also with earlier pistillate transition, an increased number of pistillate flowers per plant, and a slower growth and maturation of petals and carpels, which delayed anthesis time in hermaphrodite flowers. The m allele was also found to be linked to a reduced fruit set, which was not caused by a deficiency in pollination or fertilization. The gene also affected the longitudinal and transverse growth rates of the ovary and fruit, which means that fruits from andromonoecious plants (mm) were rounder than those from monoecious (MM) ones. Taken together, these data indicate that the locus defined by the ethylene biosynthesis and sex-determining gene CitACS4 acts as a pleiotropic regulator of the complete development of the pistillate flower and the earlier development of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnación Aguado
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centres CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Alicia García
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centres CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Susana Manzano
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centres CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Valenzuela
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centres CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Julián Cuevas
- Department of Agronomy, Research Centres CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Virginia Pinillos
- Department of Agronomy, Research Centres CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centres CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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Lai YS, Shen D, Zhang W, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Wang H, Dou X, Li S, Wu Y, Song J, Ji G, Li X. Temperature and photoperiod changes affect cucumber sex expression by different epigenetic regulations. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:268. [PMID: 30400867 PMCID: PMC6220452 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) are known for their plasticity in sex expression. DNA methylation status determines gene activity but is susceptible to environmental condition changes. Thus, DNA methylation-based epigenetic regulation may at least partially account for the instability of cucumber sex expression. Do temperature and photoperiod that are the two most important environmental factors have equal effect on cucumber sex expression by similar epigenetic regulation mechanism? To answer this question, we did a two-factor experiment of temperature and photoperiod and generated methylome and transcriptome data from cucumber shoot apices. RESULTS The seasonal change in the femaleness of a cucumber core germplasm collection was investigated over five consecutive years. As a result, 71.3% of the 359 cucumber accessions significantly decreased their femaleness in early autumn when compared with spring. High temperature and long-day photoperiod treatments, which mimic early autumn conditions, are both unfavorable for female flower formation, and temperature is the predominant factor. High temperatures and long-day treatments both predominantly resulted in hypermethylation compared to demethylation, and temperature effect was decisive. The targeted cytosines shared in high-temperature and long-day photoperiod treatment showed the same change in DNA methylation level. Moreover, differentially expressed TEs (DETs) and the predicted epiregulation sites were clustered across chromosomes, and importantly, these sites were reproducible among different treatments. Essentially, the photoperiod treatment preferentially and significantly influenced flower development processes, while temperature treatment produced stronger responses from phytohormone-pathway-related genes. Cucumber AGAMOUS was likely epicontrolled exclusively by photoperiod while CAULIFLOWER A and CsACO3 were likely epicontrolled by both photoperiod and temperature. CONCLUSIONS Seasonal change of sex expression is a germplasm-wide phenomenon in cucumbers. High temperature and long-day photoperiod might have the same effect on the methylome via the same mechanism of gene-TE interaction but resulted in different epicontrol sites that account for different mechanisms between temperature- and photoperiod-dependent sex expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Song Lai
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Di Shen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinxin Dou
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sigeng Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanqi Wu
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanyu Ji
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xixiang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Tao Q, Niu H, Wang Z, Zhang W, Wang H, Wang S, Zhang X, Li Z. Ethylene responsive factor ERF110 mediates ethylene-regulated transcription of a sex determination-related orthologous gene in two Cucumis species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2953-2965. [PMID: 29659946 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In plants, unisexual flowers derived from developmental sex determination form separate stamens and pistils that facilitate cross pollination. In cucumber and melon, ethylene plays a key role in sex determination. Six sex determination-related genes have been identified in ethylene biosynthesis in these Cucumis species. The interactions among these genes are thought to involve ethylene signaling; however, the underlying mechanism of regulation remains unknown. In this study, hormone treatment and qPCR assays were used to confirm expression of these sex determination-related genes in cucumber and melon is ethylene sensitive. RNA-Seq analysis subsequently helped identify the ethylene responsive factor (ERF) gene, CsERF110, related to ethylene signaling and sex determination. CsERF110 and its melon ortholog, CmERF110, shared a conserved AP2/ERF domain and showed ethylene-sensitive expression. Yeast one-hybrid and ChIP-PCR assays further indicated that CsERF110 bound to at least two sites in the promoter fragment of CsACS11, while transient transformation analysis showed that CsERF110 and CmERF110 enhance CsACS11 and CmACS11 promoter activity, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that CsERF110 and CmERF110 respond to ethylene signaling, mediating ethylene-regulated transcription of CsACS11 and CmACS11 in cucumber and melon, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism involved in its regulation is thought to be conserved in these two Cucumis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Tao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shenhao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Devani RS, Sinha S, Banerjee J, Sinha RK, Bendahmane A, Banerjee AK. De novo transcriptome assembly from flower buds of dioecious, gynomonoecious and chemically masculinized female Coccinia grandis reveals genes associated with sex expression and modification. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:241. [PMID: 29233089 PMCID: PMC5727884 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coccinia grandis (ivy gourd), is a dioecious member of Cucurbitaceae having heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Chromosome constitution of male and female plants of C. grandis is 22A + XY and 22A + XX respectively. Earlier we showed that a unique gynomonoecious form of C. grandis (22A + XX) also exists in nature bearing morphologically hermaphrodite flowers (GyM-H). Additionally, application of silver nitrate (AgNO3) on female plants induces stamen development leading to the formation of morphologically hermaphrodite flowers (Ag-H) despite the absence of Y-chromosome. Due to the unavailability of genome sequence and the slow pace at which sex-linked genes are identified, sex expression and modification in C. grandis are not well understood. RESULTS We have carried out a comprehensive RNA-Seq study from early-staged male, female, GyM-H, and Ag-H as well as middle-staged male and GyM-H flower buds. A de novo transcriptome was assembled using Trinity and annotated by BLAST2GO and Trinotate pipelines. The assembled transcriptome consisted of 467,233 'Trinity Transcripts' clustering into 378,860 'Trinity Genes'. Female_Early_vs_Male_Early, Ag_Early_vs_Female_Early, and GyM-H_Middle_vs_Male_Middle comparisons exhibited 35,694, 3574, and 14,954 differentially expressed transcripts respectively. Further, qRT-PCR analysis of selected candidate genes validated digital gene expression profiling results. Interestingly, ethylene response-related genes were found to be upregulated in female buds compared to male buds. Also, we observed that AgNO3 treatment suppressed ethylene responses in Ag-H flowers by downregulation of ethylene-responsive transcription factors leading to stamen development. Further, GO terms related to stamen development were enriched in early-staged male, GyM-H, and Ag-H buds compared to female buds supporting the fact that stamen growth gets arrested in female flowers. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of ethylene responses in both male and Ag-H compared to female buds suggests a probable role of ethylene in stamen suppression similar to monoecious cucurbits such as melon and cucumber. Also, pollen fertility associated GO terms were depleted in middle-staged GyM-H buds compared to male buds indicating the necessity of Y-chromosome for pollen fertility. Overall, this study would enable identification of new sex-biased genes for further investigation of stamen arrest, pollen fertility, and AgNO3-mediated sex modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Suresh Devani
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | - Sangram Sinha
- Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura India
| | - Jayeeta Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | | | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- IPS2, INRA, CNRS, University Paris Sud, University of Evry, University Paris Diderot, University of Paris Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anjan Kumar Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Pune, Maharashtra India
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Muyle A, Shearn R, Marais GA. The Evolution of Sex Chromosomes and Dosage Compensation in Plants. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:627-645. [PMID: 28391324 PMCID: PMC5629387 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant sex chromosomes can be vastly different from those of the few historical animal model organisms from which most of our understanding of sex chromosome evolution is derived. Recently, we have seen several advancements from studies on green algae, brown algae, and land plants that are providing a broader understanding of the variable ways in which sex chromosomes can evolve in distant eukaryotic groups. Plant sex-determining genes are being identified and, as expected, are completely different from those in animals. Species with varying levels of differentiation between the X and Y have been found in plants, and these are hypothesized to be representing different stages of sex chromosome evolution. However, we are also finding that sex chromosomes can remain morphologically unchanged over extended periods of time. Where degeneration of the Y occurs, it appears to proceed similarly in plants and animals. Dosage compensation (a phenomenon that compensates for the consequent loss of expression from the Y) has now been documented in a plant system, its mechanism, however, remains unknown. Research has also begun on the role of sex chromosomes in sexual conflict resolution, and it appears that sex-biased genes evolve similarly in plants and animals, although the functions of these genes remain poorly studied. Because the difficulty in obtaining sex chromosome sequences is increasingly being overcome by methodological developments, there is great potential for further discovery within the field of plant sex chromosome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Muyle
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (UMR 5558), CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rylan Shearn
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (UMR 5558), CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gabriel Ab Marais
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (UMR 5558), CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Mohanty JN, Nayak S, Jha S, Joshi RK. Transcriptome profiling of the floral buds and discovery of genes related to sex-differentiation in the dioecious cucurbit Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. Gene 2017; 626:395-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Latrasse D, Rodriguez-Granados NY, Veluchamy A, Mariappan KG, Bevilacqua C, Crapart N, Camps C, Sommard V, Raynaud C, Dogimont C, Boualem A, Benhamed M, Bendahmane A. The quest for epigenetic regulation underlying unisexual flower development in Cucumis melo. Epigenetics Chromatin 2017; 10:22. [PMID: 28592995 PMCID: PMC5460419 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-017-0132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melon (Cucumis melo) is an important vegetable crop from the Cucurbitaceae family and a reference model specie for sex determination, fruit ripening and vascular fluxes studies. Nevertheless, the nature and role of its epigenome in gene expression regulation and more specifically in sex determination remains largely unknown. RESULTS We have investigated genome wide H3K27me3 and H3K9ac histone modifications and gene expression dynamics, in five melon organs. H3K9ac and H3K27me3 were mainly distributed along gene-rich regions and constrained to gene bodies. H3K9ac was preferentially located at the TSS, whereas H3K27me3 distributed uniformly from TSS to TES. As observed in other species, H3K9ac and H3K27me3 correlated with high and low gene expression levels, respectively. Comparative analyses of unisexual flowers pointed out sex-specific epigenetic states of TFs involved in ethylene response and flower development. Chip-qPCR analysis of laser dissected carpel and stamina primordia, revealed sex-specific histone modification of MADS-box genes. Using sex transition mutants, we demonstrated that the female promoting gene, CmACS11, represses the expression of the male promoting gene CmWIP1 via deposition of H3K27me3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal the organ-specific landscapes of H3K9ac and H3K27me3 in melon. Our results also provide evidence that the sex determination genes recruit histone modifiers to orchestrate unisexual flower development in monoecious species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Latrasse
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Natalia Y. Rodriguez-Granados
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Alaguraj Veluchamy
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiruthiga Gayathri Mariappan
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudia Bevilacqua
- UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Crapart
- UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Celine Camps
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Vivien Sommard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Dogimont
- UR 1052, Unité de Génétique et d’Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA, BP94, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Adnane Boualem
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
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Lai YS, Zhang X, Zhang W, Shen D, Wang H, Xia Y, Qiu Y, Song J, Wang C, Li X. The association of changes in DNA methylation with temperature-dependent sex determination in cucumber. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2899-2912. [PMID: 28498935 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is characterized by its diverse and flexible sexual types. Here, we evaluated the effect of low temperature (LT) exposure on cucumber femaleness under short-day conditions. Shoot apices were subjected to whole-genome bisulfate sequencing (WGBS), mRNA-seq, and sRNA-seq. The results showed that temperature had a substantial and global impact on transposable element (TE)-related small RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) mechanisms, resulting in large amounts of CHH-type cytosine demethylation. In the cucumber genome, TEs are common in regions near genes that are also subject to DNA demethylation. TE-gene interactions showed very strong reactions to LT treatment, as nearly 80% of the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were distributed in genic regions. Demethylation near genes led to the co-ordinated expression of genes and TEs. More importantly, genome-wide de novo methylation changes also resulted in small amounts of CG- and CHG-type DMRs. Methylation changes in CG-DMRs located <600 bp from the transcription start and end sites (TSSs/TESs) negatively correlated with transcription changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs), probably indicating epiregulation. Ethylene is called the 'sex hormone' of cucumbers. We observed the up-regulation of ethylene biosynthesis-related CsACO3 and the down-regulation of an Arabidopsis RAP2.4-like ethylene-responsive (AP2/ERF) transcription factor, demonstrating the inferred epiregulation. Our study characterized the response of the apex methylome to LT and predicted the possible epiregulation of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Song Lai
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Di Shen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yudong Xia
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xixiang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Urasaki N, Takagi H, Natsume S, Uemura A, Taniai N, Miyagi N, Fukushima M, Suzuki S, Tarora K, Tamaki M, Sakamoto M, Terauchi R, Matsumura H. Draft genome sequence of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), a vegetable and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical regions. DNA Res 2017; 24:51-58. [PMID: 28028039 PMCID: PMC5381343 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is an important vegetable and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical regions globally. In this study, the draft genome sequence of a monoecious bitter gourd inbred line, OHB3-1, was analyzed. Through Illumina sequencing and de novo assembly, scaffolds of 285.5 Mb in length were generated, corresponding to ∼84% of the estimated genome size of bitter gourd (339 Mb). In this draft genome sequence, 45,859 protein-coding gene loci were identified, and transposable elements accounted for 15.3% of the whole genome. According to synteny mapping and phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes, bitter gourd was more related to watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) than to cucumber (Cucumis sativus) or melon (C. melo). Using RAD-seq analysis, 1507 marker loci were genotyped in an F2 progeny of two bitter gourd lines, resulting in an improved linkage map, comprising 11 linkage groups. By anchoring RAD tag markers, 255 scaffolds were assigned to the linkage map. Comparative analysis of genome sequences and predicted genes determined that putative trypsin-inhibitor and ribosome-inactivating genes were distinctive in the bitter gourd genome. These genes could characterize the bitter gourd as a medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Urasaki
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takagi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Satoshi Natsume
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Aiko Uemura
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Naoki Taniai
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | - Norimichi Miyagi
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiko Tarora
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Tamaki
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | - Moriaki Sakamoto
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
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Montero-Pau J, Blanca J, Esteras C, Martínez-Pérez EM, Gómez P, Monforte AJ, Cañizares J, Picó B. An SNP-based saturated genetic map and QTL analysis of fruit-related traits in Zucchini using Genotyping-by-sequencing. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:94. [PMID: 28100189 PMCID: PMC5241963 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cucurbita pepo is a cucurbit with growing economic importance worldwide. Zucchini morphotype is the most important within this highly variable species. Recently, transcriptome and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)- and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)-based medium density maps have been reported, however further genomic tools are needed for efficient molecular breeding in the species. Our objective is to combine currently available complete transcriptomes and the Zucchini genome sequence with high throughput genotyping methods, mapping population development and extensive phenotyping to facilitate the advance of genomic research in this species. Results We report the Genotyping-by-sequencing analysis of a RIL population developed from the inter subspecific cross Zucchini x Scallop (ssp. pepo x ssp. ovifera). Several thousands of SNP markers were identified and genotyped, followed by the construction of a high-density linkage map based on 7,718 SNPs (average of 386 markers/linkage group) covering 2,817.6 cM of the whole genome, which is a great improvement with respect to previous maps. A QTL analysis was performed using phenotypic data obtained from the RIL population from three environments. In total, 48 consistent QTLs for vine, flowering and fruit quality traits were detected on the basis of a multiple-environment analysis, distributed in 33 independent positions in 15 LGs, and each QTL explained 1.5–62.9% of the phenotypic variance. Eight major QTLs, which could explain greater than 20% of the phenotypic variation were detected and the underlying candidate genes identified. Conclusions Here we report the first SNP saturated map in the species, anchored to the physical map. Additionally, several consistent QTLs related to early flowering, fruit shape and length, and rind and flesh color are reported as well as candidate genes for them. This information will enhance molecular breeding in C. pepo and will assist the gene cloning underlying the studied QTLs, helping to reveal the genetic basis of the studied processes in squash. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3439-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Montero-Pau
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Blanca
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Esteras
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Ma Martínez-Pérez
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA). Área de Mejora y Biotecnología de cultivos. Camino San Nicolás 1, 04745, La Mojonera, Almería, Spain
| | - Antonio J Monforte
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Ed. 8E, C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cañizares
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Belén Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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