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Qiu R, Liu Y, Cai Z, Li J, Wu C, Wang G, Lin C, Peng Y, Deng Z, Tang W, Wu W, Duan Y. Glucan Synthase-like 2 is Required for Seed Initiation and Filling as Well as Pollen Fertility in Rice. Rice (N Y) 2023; 16:44. [PMID: 37804355 PMCID: PMC10560172 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Glucan synthase-like (GSL) genes are indispensable for some important highly-specialized developmental and cellular processes involving callose synthesis and deposition in plants. At present, the best-characterized reproductive functions of GSL genes are those for pollen formation and ovary expansion, but their role in seed initiation remains unknown. RESULTS We identified a rice seed mutant, watery seed 1-1 (ws1-1), which contained a mutation in the OsGSL2 gene. The mutant produced seeds lacking embryo and endosperm but filled with transparent and sucrose-rich liquid. In a ws1-1 spikelet, the ovule development was normal, but the microsporogenesis and male gametophyte development were compromised, resulting in the reduction of fertile pollen. After fertilization, while the seed coat normally developed, the embryo failed to differentiate normally. In addition, the divided endosperm-free nuclei did not migrate to the periphery of the embryo sac but aggregated so that their proliferation and cellularization were arrested. Moreover, the degeneration of nucellus cells was delayed in ws1-1. OsGSL2 is highly expressed in reproductive organs and developing seeds. Disrupting OsGSL2 reduced callose deposition on the outer walls of the microspores and impaired the formation of the annular callose sheath in developing caryopsis, leading to pollen defect and seed abortion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that OsGSL2 is essential for rice fertility and is required for embryo differentiation and endosperm-free nucleus positioning, indicating a distinct role of OsGSL2, a callose synthase gene, in seed initiation, which provides new insight into the regulation of seed development in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding By Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding By Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhengzheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding By Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jieqiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding By Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding By Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding By Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chenchen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding By Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yulin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding By Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhanlin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding By Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weiqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weiren Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding By Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yuanlin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding By Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Guan X, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Asad MAU, Zhao Q, Pan G, Cheng F. Disruptions of sugar utilization and carbohydrate metabolism in rice developing anthers aggravated heat stress-induced pollen abortion. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 202:107991. [PMID: 37660606 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) stress at reproductive stage is one of most important environment negatively affecting spikelet fertility and rice yield. In this study, the effect of HT exposure on the sugar composition and carbohydrate metabolism in developing anthers and its relation to floret fertility and pollen viability were investigated by different temperature regimes under well-controlled climatic condition. Result showed that HT exposure during microspore development significantly reduced the starch deposition in developing anther and evidently disrupted the spatial distribution of sugar and starch concentrations in different compartments of rice anther, with the higher ratio of sucrose to hexose concentrations in HT-stressed anthers relative to the control ones. Under HT exposure, the amount of starch deposition in the fraction of sporophytic tissues dropped evidently, while the concentrations of sucrose and starch in anther wall tissue enhanced significantly, suggesting that HT exposure impaired the translocation of sucrose from the anther wall tissue to the sporophytic tissues inside rice anther. Furthermore, we presented possible contribution of various genes and key enzymes involving in sugar conversion and carbohydrate metabolism in developing anther to the formation of HT-induced pollen abortion by disrupting the sugar utilization in HT-stressed anther. HT exposure suppressed the activities of cell wall and vacuolar invertase, hexokinase, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in developing anther, while it was opposite for the effect of HT exposure on sucrose synthase and fructokinase. HT-induced suppression of OsCWIN3 in the anther walls might be strongly responsible for the HT-induced impairments of sugar utilization in HT-stressed anthers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyue Guan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Asad Ullah Asad
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gang Pan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Chen Y, Feng J, Qu Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Liang D, Yang Y, Huang J. Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of class III peroxidases in Gossypium hirsutum. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13635. [PMID: 35795174 PMCID: PMC9252181 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Class III peroxidase (PRX) genes play essential roles in various processes, such as auxin catabolism, removal of H2O2, crosslinking cell wall components, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified 166, 78 and 89 PRX genes from G. hirsutum, G. arboretum and G. raimondii, respectively. These PRX genes were classified into seven subfamilies based on phylogenetic tree analysis and the classification of PRX genes in Arabidopsis. Segmental duplication and purifying selection were the major factors driving the evolution of GhPRXs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that GhPRX genes were mainly associated with responding to oxidative stresses, peroxidase activities and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Transcriptome data analysis showed that GhPRX genes expression were significantly different in microspore development between the sterility line-JinA and the maintainer line MB177. We confirmed the up-regulation of GhPRX107 and down-regulation of GhPRX128 in the sterile line compared to its maintainer line using qRT-PCR, suggesting their roles in pollen fertility. In addition, silencing GhPRX107 in cotton showed a significant decrease of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of microsporocyte stage anthers compared to control. Overexpressing GhPRX107 in Arabidopsis significantly increased the ROS levels of anthers compared to wild type. In conclusion, we identified GhPRX107 as a determinant of ROS levels in anther. This work sets a foundation for PRX studies in pollen development.
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Tang X, Liu M, Chen G, Yuan L, Hou J, Zhu S, Zhang B, Li G, Pang X, Wang C. TMT-based comparative proteomic analysis of the male-sterile mutant ms01 sheds light on sporopollenin production and pollen development in wucai (Brassica campestris L.). J Proteomics 2022; 254:104475. [PMID: 35007766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A spontaneous male-sterile mutant ms01 was discovered from the excellent high-generation inbred line 'hx12-6-3' in wucai. Compared with wild-type 'hx12-6-3', ms01 displayed complete male sterility with degenerated stamens and no pollen. In this study, cytological observation revealed that the tapetum of the anthers of ms01 had degraded in advance, and microspore development had stagnated in the mononuclear stage, ultimately resulting in completely aborted pollen. Genetic analysis indicated that the sterility of ms01 was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. In the differential proteomic analysis of 'hx12-6-3' and ms01 flower buds using a tandem mass tags-based approach, a comparison of two stages (stage a and stage e) revealed 1272 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). The abnormal variation of the anther cuticle, pollen coat, and sporopollenin production were effected by lipid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in the mutant ms01. Further analysis elucidated that pollen development was associated with amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation, carbohydrate metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of GMS (genic male sterility) in wucai. SIGNIFICANCE: ms01, as the first indentified spontaneous male-sterile mutant in wucai, plays a significant role in the initial study of GMS (genic male sterility). In our study, the key DAPs related to anther and pollen development were obtained by TMT-based comparative proteomic analysis. We found that the abnormal accumulation of H2O2 might induce premature degradation of the tapetum, causing anther metabolism disorder and pollen abortion. This process involved multiple DAPs and formed a complex regulatory network that generated a series of physiological metabolic alterations, ultimately leading to male sterility. Our results provide a theoretical foundation for further research on the complex anther and pollen development process.
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Shin H, Park HR, Park JE, Yu SH, Yi G, Kim JH, Koh W, Kim HH, Lee SS, Huh JH. Reduced fertility caused by meiotic defects and micronuclei formation during microsporogenesis in xBrassicoraphanus. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:251-258. [PMID: 33555504 PMCID: PMC7966196 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Hybridization and polyploidization events are important driving forces in plant evolution. Allopolyploids formed between different species can be naturally or artificially created but often suffer from genetic instability and infertility in successive generations. xBrassicoraphanus is an intergeneric allopolyploid obtained from a cross between Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus, providing a useful resource for genetic and genomic study in hybrid species. Objective The current study aims to understand the cause of hybrid sterility and pollen abnormality in different lines of synthetic xBrassicoraphanus from the cytogenetic perspective. Methods Alexander staining was used to assess the pollen viability. Cytogenetic analysis was employed to monitor meiotic chromosome behaviors in pollen mother cells (PMCs). Origins of parental chromosomes in xBrassicoraphanus meiocytes were determined by genome in situ hybridization analysis. Results The xBrassicoraphanus lines BB#4 and BB#6 showed high rates of seed abortion and pollen deformation. Abnormal chromosome behaviors were observed in their PMCs, frequently forming univalents and inter-chromosomal bridges during meiosis. A positive correlation also exists between meiotic defects and the formation of micronuclei, which is conceivably responsible for unbalanced gamete production and pollen sterility. Conclusion These results suggest that unequal segregation of meiotic chromosomes, due in part to non-homologous interactions, is responsible for micronuclei and unbalanced gamete formation, eventually leading to pollen degeneration and inferior fertility in unstable xBrassicoraphanus lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosub Shin
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye Rang Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Yu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Gibum Yi
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Koh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chromosome Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, South Korea
| | | | - Jin Hoe Huh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Hu W, Cao Y, Loka DA, Harris-Shultz KR, Reiter RJ, Ali S, Liu Y, Zhou Z. Exogenous melatonin improves cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) pollen fertility under drought by regulating carbohydrate metabolism in male tissues. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 151:579-588. [PMID: 32330838 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although exogenous melatonin can enhance the drought tolerance of plants, reports on the role of melatonin in drought tolerance in male reproductive organs are limited. To explore this, a pot experiment was conducted with cotton cultivar Yuzaomian 9110 to study the effects of exogenous melatonin (100, 200, and 1000 μM) on male fertility and related carbohydrate metabolism in anther under drought. Results showed that drought inhibited the translocation of carbon assimilates to anthers, however, melatonin application (100 and 200 μM) significantly improved the translocation of carbon assimilates to drought-stressed anthers. Drought reduced the deposition of starch, the hydrolysis of sucrose into hexoses, the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in anthers, restricting pollen viability and germination. Nevertheless, the appropriate melatonin concentrations (100 and 200 μM) increased the starch accumulation by enhancing ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthases activities and accelerated the hydrolysis of sucrose by increasing sucrose synthase, acid and alkaline invertases activities in drought-stressed anthers. Appropriate melatonin concentrations (100 and 200 μM) also could help to generate more ATP for reproductive activities of drought-stressed anthers, finally increasing the pollen viability and germination of drought-stressed plants. These findings suggest that drought inhibited male fertility of cotton, but a precise melatonin application could regulate the carbohydrate balance of drought-stressed anthers to improve male fertility. This is the first report demonstrating the important role of exogenous melatonin in improving male fertility under drought conditions by regulating the carbohydrate metabolism in the male part of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Larisa, 41335, Greece
| | - Karen R Harris-Shultz
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service-United States Department of Agriculture, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Saif Ali
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Yang Y, Yan G, Li Z, Yuan J, Wei X, Wei F, Tian B, Xie Z, Shi G, Zhang X, Cao G. Cytological atlas at meiosis reveals insights into pollen fertility in synthetic Brassica allotriploids between allotetraploid B. carinata and diploid B. rapa. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 148:237-245. [PMID: 31981876 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of allopolyploid crops basically depends on the successful interspecific hybridization and polyploidization, which generally involves in a combination of distinct but related genomes from independent species. But cytological analysis of these initially synthesized allohaploids immediately after genome merging is poorly explored in regards to anther and pollen development to date. In this study, Brassica trigenomic allohaploids (ABC) were produced to investigate the immediate effects of the genome combinations on pollen fertility during anther development via crosses between natural allotetraploid B. carinata (BBCC) and diploid B. rapa (AA). The results showed that in the synthetic Brassica allotriploids (ABC), the anther development was completely disrupted, and the pollen grains were mostly inviable with varied genetic complements. In addition, the meiosis course was aberrantly altered and eccentric chromosomal configurations including multivalent, bridges and lags occurred frequently during metaphase I to anaphase II. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) further revealed that B genome of homoeology was frequently apt to interact with A and C genomes, and cytoskeletal organizations was improperly distributed during meiosis in these synthetic Brassica allotriploids. Furthermore, we also confirmed that the expression of typical meiosis-related genes was obviously repressed during anther development in these Brassica allotriploids. Taken together, our results provide a detailed cytology for insights into pollen development in the synthetic allotriploid hybrids, which are conventionally considered as a useful genetic resource for polyploid Brassica breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Ge Yan
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zishuang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jiachen Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Baoming Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Gongyao Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Gangqiang Cao
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Hu W, Huang Y, Loka DA, Bai H, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhou Z. Drought-induced disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism in anthers and male abortion of two Gossypium hirsutum cultivars differing in drought tolerance. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:195-206. [PMID: 31680208 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cotton pollen abortion, under drought stress, was closely associated with changes in anther carbohydrate metabolism, and pollen abortion rate due to drought was higher in drought-sensitive cultivars than drought-tolerant cultivars. Cotton reproductive failure under drought stress is intrinsically connected with altered male fertility, however, studies investigating the effect of drought stress on cotton male fertility are nonexistent. Thus, a drought stress experiment was conducted with two cotton cultivars, differing in drought tolerance, to study pollen fertility and anthers' physiology. Results indicated that drought stress reduced pollen fertility of both cultivars due to decreases in anther starch and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. Lower assimilate supply capacity in conjunction with impaired activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthase were the main reasons for the decreased starch levels in drought-stressed anthers. The decreased activities of sucrose synthetase and acid invertase were responsible for the higher sucrose level in drought-stressed anthers than well-watered anthers and the changing trend of sucrose was intensified by the decreased expressions of sucrose synthase genes (GhSusA, GhSusB, GhSusD) and acid invertase genes (GhINV1, GhINV2). However, despite sucrose degradation being limited in drought-stressed anthers, glucose level was higher in droughted anthers than well-watered ones, and that might be attributed to the down-regulated respiration since decreased anther ATP levels were detected in drought-stressed plants. Furthermore, compared to the drought-tolerant cultivar, pollen fertility was more suppressed by drought stress for the drought-sensitive cultivar, and that was attributed to the larger decrease in starch and ATP contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Huang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, 41335, Larissa, Greece
| | - Hua Bai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, 64468, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Devani RS, Chirmade T, Sinha S, Bendahmane A, Dholakia BB, Banerjee AK, Banerjee J. Flower bud proteome reveals modulation of sex-biased proteins potentially associated with sex expression and modification in dioecious Coccinia grandis. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:330. [PMID: 31337343 PMCID: PMC6651928 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioecy is an important sexual system wherein, male and female flowers are borne on separate unisexual plants. Knowledge of sex-related differences can enhance our understanding in molecular and developmental processes leading to unisexual flower development. Coccinia grandis is a dioecious species belonging to Cucurbitaceae, a family well-known for diverse sexual forms. Male and female plants have 22A + XY and 22A + XX chromosomes, respectively. Previously, we have reported a gynomonoecious form (22A + XX) of C. grandis bearing morphologically hermaphrodite flowers (GyM-H) and female flowers (GyM-F). Also, we have showed that foliar spray of AgNO3 on female plant induces morphologically hermaphrodite bud development (Ag-H) despite the absence of Y-chromosome. RESULTS To identify sex-related differences, total proteomes from male, female, GyM-H and Ag-H flower buds at early and middle stages of development were analysed by label-free proteomics. Protein search against the cucumber protein sequences (Phytozome) as well as in silico translated C. grandis flower bud transcriptome database, resulted in the identification of 2426 and 3385 proteins (FDR ≤ 1%), respectively. The latter database was chosen for further analysis as it led to the detection of higher number of proteins. Identified proteins were annotated using BLAST2GO pipeline. SWATH-MS-based comparative abundance analysis between Female_Early_vs_Male_Early, Ag_Early_vs_Female_Early, GyM-H_Middle_vs_Male_Middle and Ag_Middle_vs_ Male_Middle led to the identification of 650, 1108, 905 and 805 differentially expressed proteins, respectively, at fold change ≥1.5 and P ≤ 0.05. Ethylene biosynthesis-related candidates as highlighted in protein interaction network were upregulated in female buds compared to male buds. AgNO3 treatment on female plant induced proteins related to pollen development in Ag-H buds. Additionally, a few proteins governing pollen germination and tube growth were highly enriched in male buds compared to Ag-H and GyM-H buds. CONCLUSION Overall, current proteomic analysis provides insights in the identification of key proteins governing dioecy and unisexual flower development in cucurbitaceae, the second largest horticultural family in terms of economic importance. Also, our results suggest that the ethylene-mediated stamen inhibition might be conserved in dioecious C. grandis similar to its monoecious cucurbit relatives. Further, male-biased proteins associated with pollen germination and tube growth identified here can help in understanding pollen fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Suresh Devani
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008 India
- IPS2, INRA, CNRS, University Paris Sud, University of Evry, University of Paris Diderot, University of Paris Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Tejas Chirmade
- Biochemical Science Division National Chemical laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sangram Sinha
- Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022 India
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- IPS2, INRA, CNRS, University Paris Sud, University of Evry, University of Paris Diderot, University of Paris Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Bhushan B. Dholakia
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008 India
- Biochemical Science Division National Chemical laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, 411008 India
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022 India
| | - Anjan Kumar Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008 India
| | - Jayeeta Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008 India
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10
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Liao PF, Ouyang JX, Zhang JJ, Yang L, Wang X, Peng XJ, Wang D, Zhu YL, Li SB. OsDCL3b affects grain yield and quality in rice. Plant Mol Biol 2019; 99:193-204. [PMID: 30652247 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We reported that knockdown of OsDCL3b decreased grain yield but increased grain quality in rice, which is helpful for molecular breeding in crops. Multiple DICER-LIKE (DCL) genes usually exist and show diverse biochemical and phenotypic functions in land plants. In rice, the biochemical function of OsDCL3b is known to process 24-nucleotide panicle phased small RNAs, however, its phenotypic functions are unclear. Here we reported that knockdown of OsDCL3b led to reduced pollen fertility, seed setting rate, and decreased grain yield but increased grain quality in rice. To reveal the molecular mechanism of the above phenomena, extracted RNAs from rice panicles of the wild type (WT) and OsDCL3b-RNAi line S6-1 were analyzed by deep sequencing. It showed that knockdown of OsDCL3b affected the biogenesis of both 21- and 24-nucleotide small RNAs including miRNAs and phased small RNAs. Using RNA-seq, 644 up- and 530 down-regulated mRNA genes were identified in panicles of line S6-1, and 550 and 273 differentially spliced genes with various alternative splicing (AS) events were observed in panicles of line S6-1 and WT, respectively, suggesting that OsDCL3b involved in influencing the transcript levels of mRNA genes and the AS events in rice panicles. Thus, our results show that knockdown of OsDCL3b will affect the biogenesis of small RNAs, which is involved in regulating the transcription of mRNA genes, and consequently influence the grain yield and quality in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jie-Xiu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiao-Jue Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - You-Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Shao-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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11
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Devani RS, Sinha S, Banerjee J, Sinha RK, Bendahmane A, Banerjee AK. De novo transcriptome assembly from flower buds of dioecious, gynomonoecious and chemically masculinized female Coccinia grandis reveals genes associated with sex expression and modification. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:241. [PMID: 29233089 PMCID: PMC5727884 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coccinia grandis (ivy gourd), is a dioecious member of Cucurbitaceae having heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Chromosome constitution of male and female plants of C. grandis is 22A + XY and 22A + XX respectively. Earlier we showed that a unique gynomonoecious form of C. grandis (22A + XX) also exists in nature bearing morphologically hermaphrodite flowers (GyM-H). Additionally, application of silver nitrate (AgNO3) on female plants induces stamen development leading to the formation of morphologically hermaphrodite flowers (Ag-H) despite the absence of Y-chromosome. Due to the unavailability of genome sequence and the slow pace at which sex-linked genes are identified, sex expression and modification in C. grandis are not well understood. RESULTS We have carried out a comprehensive RNA-Seq study from early-staged male, female, GyM-H, and Ag-H as well as middle-staged male and GyM-H flower buds. A de novo transcriptome was assembled using Trinity and annotated by BLAST2GO and Trinotate pipelines. The assembled transcriptome consisted of 467,233 'Trinity Transcripts' clustering into 378,860 'Trinity Genes'. Female_Early_vs_Male_Early, Ag_Early_vs_Female_Early, and GyM-H_Middle_vs_Male_Middle comparisons exhibited 35,694, 3574, and 14,954 differentially expressed transcripts respectively. Further, qRT-PCR analysis of selected candidate genes validated digital gene expression profiling results. Interestingly, ethylene response-related genes were found to be upregulated in female buds compared to male buds. Also, we observed that AgNO3 treatment suppressed ethylene responses in Ag-H flowers by downregulation of ethylene-responsive transcription factors leading to stamen development. Further, GO terms related to stamen development were enriched in early-staged male, GyM-H, and Ag-H buds compared to female buds supporting the fact that stamen growth gets arrested in female flowers. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of ethylene responses in both male and Ag-H compared to female buds suggests a probable role of ethylene in stamen suppression similar to monoecious cucurbits such as melon and cucumber. Also, pollen fertility associated GO terms were depleted in middle-staged GyM-H buds compared to male buds indicating the necessity of Y-chromosome for pollen fertility. Overall, this study would enable identification of new sex-biased genes for further investigation of stamen arrest, pollen fertility, and AgNO3-mediated sex modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Suresh Devani
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | - Sangram Sinha
- Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura India
| | - Jayeeta Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | | | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- IPS2, INRA, CNRS, University Paris Sud, University of Evry, University Paris Diderot, University of Paris Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anjan Kumar Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Pune, Maharashtra India
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12
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Wu J, Chen L, Shahid MQ, Chen M, Dong Q, Li J, Xu X, Liu X. Pervasive interactions of Sa and Sb loci cause high pollen sterility and abrupt changes in gene expression during meiosis that could be overcome by double neutral genes in autotetraploid rice. Rice (N Y) 2017; 10:49. [PMID: 29197985 PMCID: PMC5712294 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intersubspecific autotetraploid rice hybrids possess high hybrid vigor; however, low pollen fertility is a critical hindrance in its commercial utilization. Our previous study demonstrated that polyploidy could increase the multi-loci interaction and cause high pollen abortion in autotetraploid rice hybrids. However, there is little known about the critical role of pollen sterility locus or loci in the intersubspecific hybrids. We developed autotetraploid rice hybrids harboring heterozygous genotypes (S i S i S j S j ) at different pollen sterility loci by using the near isogenic lines of Taichung65-4×. Moreover, autotetraploid lines carrying double neutral genes, Sa n and Sb n , were used to assess their effect on fertility restoration. RESULTS Cytological studies showed that the deleterious genetic interactions at Sa and Sb pollen sterility loci resulted in higher pollen sterility (76.83%) and abnormal chromosome behavior (24.59%) at metaphase I of meiosis in autotetraploid rice hybrids. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1092 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in a hybrid with the pervasive interactions at Sa and Sb pollen sterility loci, and most of the genes (about 83%) exhibited down regulation. Of the DEG, 60 were associated with transcription regulation and 18 genes were annotated as meiosis-related genes. Analysis on the hybrids developed by using autotetraploid rice harboring double neutral genes, Sa n and Sb n , revealed normal pollen fertility, and transcriptome analysis showed non-significant difference in number of DEG among different hybrids. CONCLUSIONS Our finding revealed that pervasive interactions at Sa and Sb pollen sterility loci cause high sterility in the autotetraploid hybrids that lead to the down-regulation of important meiosis-related genes and transcription regulation factors. Moreover, we also found that the hybrids sterility could be overcome by double neutral genes, Sa n and Sb n , in autotetraploid rice hybrids. The present study provided a strong evidence for the utilization of heterosis in autotetraploid rice hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Minyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Qinglei Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jirui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xiaosong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Kumar A, Bhowmick PK, Singh VJ, Malik M, Gupta AK, Seth R, Nagarajan M, Krishnan SG, Singh AK. Marker-assisted identification of restorer gene(s) in iso-cytoplasmic restorer lines of WA cytoplasm in rice and assessment of their fertility restoration potential across environments. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2017; 23:891-909. [PMID: 29158637 PMCID: PMC5671446 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iso-cytoplasmic restorers possess the same male sterile cytoplasm as the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, thereby minimizing the potential cyto-nuclear conflict in the hybrids. Restoration of fertility of the wild abortive CMS is governed by two major genes namely, Rf3 and Rf4. Therefore, assessing the allelic status of these restorer genes in the iso-cytoplasmic restorers using molecular markers will not only help in estimating the efficiency of these genes either alone or in combination, in fertility restoration in the hybrids in different environments, but will also be useful in determining the efficacy of these markers. In the present study, the efficiency of molecular markers in identifying genotypes carrying restorer allele of the gene(s) Rf3 and Rf4, restoring male fertility of WA cytoplasm in rice was assessed in a set of 100 iso-cytoplasmic rice restorers using gene linked as well as candidate gene based markers. In order to validate the efficacy of markers in identifying the restorers, a sub-set of selected 25 iso-cytoplasmic rice restorers were crossed with four different cytoplasmic male sterile lines namely, IR 79156A, IR 58025A, Pusa 6A and RTN 12A, and the pollen and spikelet fertility of the F1s were evaluated at three different locations. Marker analysis showed that Rf4 was the predominant fertility restorer gene in the iso-cytoplasmic restorers and Rf3 had a synergistic effect on fertility restoration. The efficiency of gene based markers, DRCG-RF4-14 and DRRM-RF3-10 for Rf4 (87%) and Rf3 (84%) genes was higher than respective gene-linked SSR markers RM6100 (80%) and RM3873 (82%). It is concluded that the gene based markers can be effectively used in identifying fertility restorer lines obviating the need for making crosses and evaluating the F1s. Though gene based markers are more efficient, there is a need to identify functional polymorphisms which can provide 100% efficiency. Three iso-cytoplasmic restorers namely, PRR 300, PRR 363 and PRR 396 possessing both Rf4 and Rf3 genes and good fertility restoration have been identified which could be used further in hybrid rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
- Present Address: Plant Breeding, ICAR RC for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya India
| | - Prolay Kumar Bhowmick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Vikram Jeet Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Manoj Malik
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Ashish Kumar Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Regional Station, Pusa, Bihar India
| | - R. Seth
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Regional Station, Karnal, India
| | - M. Nagarajan
- Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, ICAR-IARI, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu 612101 India
| | - S. Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Ashok Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
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Wang Y, Zhao Q, Qin X, Yang S, Li Z, Li J, Lou Q, Chen J. Identification of all homoeologous chromosomes of newly synthetic allotetraploid Cucumis × hytivus and its wild parent reveals stable subgenome structure. Chromosoma 2017; 126:713-728. [PMID: 28688040 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-017-0635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allopolyploidy and homoeologous recombination are two important processes in reshaping genomes and generating evolutionary novelties. Newly formed allopolyploids usually display chromosomal perturbations as a result of pairing errors at meiosis. To understand mechanisms of stabilization of allopolyploid species derived from distant chromosome bases, we investigated mitotic stability of a synthetic Cucumis allotetraploid species in relation to meiosis chromosome behavior. The Cucumis × hytivus is an allotetraploid synthesized from interspecific hybridization between cucumber (Cucumis sativus, 2n = 14) and its wild relative Cucumis hystrix (2n = 24) followed by spontaneous chromosome doubling. In the present study, we analyzed the wild parent C. hystrix and the latest generation of C. hytivus using GISH (genomic in situ hybridization) and cross-species FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization). The karyotype of C. hystrix was constructed with two methods using cucumber fosmid clones and repetitive sequences. Using repeat-element probe mix in two successive hybridizations allowed for routine identification of all 19 homoeologous chromosomes of allotetraploid C. hytivus. No aneuploids were identified in any C. hytivus individuals that were characterized, and no large-scale chromosomal rearrangements were identified in this synthetic allotetraploid. Meiotic irregularities, such as homoeologous pairing, were frequently observed, resulting in univalent and intergenomic multivalent formation. The relatively stable chromosome structure of the synthetic Cucumis allotetraploid may be explained by more deleterious chromosomal viable gametes compared with other allopolyploids. The knowledge of genetic and genomic information of Cucumis allotetraploid species could provide novel insights into the establishment of allopolyploids with different chromosome bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qinzheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuqiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ziang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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15
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Xu Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Ling S, Chen C, Yao J. HOTHEAD-Like HTH1 is Involved in Anther Cutin Biosynthesis and is Required for Pollen Fertility in Rice. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:1238-1248. [PMID: 28838125 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle covering the outer surface of anthers is essential for male reproductive development in plants. However, the mechanism underlying the synthesis of these lipidic polymers remains unclear. HOTHEAD (HTH) in Arabidopsis thaliana is a presumptive glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase involved in the biosynthesis of long-chain α-,ω-dicarboxylic fatty acids. In this study, we characterized the function of an anther-specific gene HTH1 in rice. HTH1 contains a conserved GMC oxidoreductase-like domain, and the sequence of HTH1 was highly similar to that of HTH in A. thaliana. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization analyses showed that HTH1 was highly expressed in epidermal cells of anthers. Rice plants with HTH1 suppression through CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and RNA interference (RNAi) displayed defective anther wall and aborted pollen. Disorganized cuticle layers in anthers and shriveled pollen grains were observed in HTH1-RNAi lines. The total amounts of long-chain fatty acids and cutin monomers in anthers of HTH1-RNAi lines were significantly reduced compared with the wild type. Our results suggested that HTH1 is involved in cutin biosynthesis and is required for anther development and pollen fertility in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sheng Ling
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Caisheng Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jialing Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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16
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Fahad S, Hussain S, Saud S, Tanveer M, Bajwa AA, Hassan S, Shah AN, Ullah A, Wu C, Khan FA, Shah F, Ullah S, Chen Y, Huang J. A biochar application protects rice pollen from high-temperature stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2015; 96:281-7. [PMID: 26318145 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The influences of high temperature and fertilization with biochar and phosphorus (P) on the pollen characteristics of two rice cultivars (IR-64 and Huanghuazhan) were examined in controlled growth chambers. Temperature treatments included high daytime temperature (HDT), high nighttime temperature (HNT) and ambient temperature (AT). The fertilization treatments were control, biochar alone, P alone and biochar + P. High temperature severely reduced pollen fertility, anther dehiscence, pollen retention and pollen germination of both rice cultivars, with HNT more destructive than HDT. The Huanghuazhan cultivar performed better than IR-64 under high temperature, with higher pollen fertility, better anther dehiscence and greater pollen retention and germination rates. In both cultivars, the pollen of plants treated with biochar + P were more resistant to heat induced stress. Further studies are needed to test the ability of biochar to ameliorate the effects of different abiotic stresses in rice and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Fahad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ali Ahsan Bajwa
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shah Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Agricultural University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Abid Ullah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Farooq Shah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yajun Chen
- Horticulture College of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Hubei, China.
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Wang W, Liu X, Gai X, Ren J, Liu X, Cai Y, Wang Q, Ren H. Cucumis sativus L. WAX2 Plays a Pivotal Role in Wax Biosynthesis, Influencing Pollen Fertility and Plant Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses. Plant Cell Physiol 2015; 56:1339-54. [PMID: 26023108 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular waxes play an important part in protecting plant aerial organs from biotic and abiotic stresses. In previous studies, the biosynthetic pathway of cuticular waxes and relative functional genes has been researched and understood; however, little is known in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In this study, we cloned and characterized an AtWAX2 homolog, CsWAX2, in cucumber and found that it is highly expressed in the epidermis, where waxes are synthesized, while subcellular localization showed that CsWAX2 protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The transcriptional expression of CsWAX2 was found to be induced by low temperature, drought, salt stress and ABA, while the ectopic expression of CsWAX2 in an Arabidopsis wax2 mutant could partially complement the glossy stem phenotype. Abnormal expression of CsWAX2 in transgenic cucumbers specifically affected both very long chain (VLC) alkanes and cutin biosynthesis. Furthermore, transgenic cucumber plants of CsWAX2 showed significant changes in pollen viability and fruit resistance to water loss and pathogens compared with the wild type. Collectively, these results indicated that CsWAX2 plays a pivotal role in wax biosynthesis, influencing pollen fertility and the plant's response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Bio-technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Bio-technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China
| | - Xinshuang Gai
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Bio-technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Ren
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Bio-technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Bio-technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China
| | - Yanling Cai
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Bio-technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Bio-technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agronomy and Bio-technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 PR China
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18
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Gulfishan M, Khan AH, Jafri IF, Bhat TA. Assessment of mutagenicity induced by MMS and DES in Capsicum annuum L. Saudi J Biol Sci 2012; 19:251-5. [PMID: 23961186 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds of Capsicum annuum L. var. G4 were subjected to different concentrations of methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and diethyl sulphate (DES). The effects of different mutagenic treatments on meiosis, chiasma frequency, and pollen fertility have been studied in M1 generation. Various types of meiotic aberrations such as univalent, multivalent, stickiness, bridge, laggards, cytomixis etc. were observed in all the treatments. However, the MMS treatments proved to be more effective in inducing meiotic aberrations as compared to DES. Moreover, the frequency of meiotic aberrations was at its maximum at metaphase followed by anaphase and telophase stages. As the concentrations increase, reduction in chiasma frequency and pollen fertility was observed in all the treatments and, MMS again was found to be more effective than DES treatments.
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