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Haslam BS, Butler DS, Cocks TS, Kim AS, Carey LM. Body Schema as Assessed by Upper Limb Left/Right Judgment Tasks Is Altered in Stroke: Implications for Motor Imagery Training. J Neurol Phys Ther 2023; 47:26-34. [PMID: 36534017 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Individuals with stroke often experience significant impairment of the upper limb. Rehabilitation interventions targeting the upper limb are typically associated with only small to moderate gains. The knowledge that body schema can be altered in other upper limb conditions has contributed to the development of tailored rehabilitation approaches. This study investigated whether individuals with stroke experienced alterations in body schema of the upper limb. If so, this knowledge may have implications for rehabilitation approaches such as motor imagery. METHODS An observational study performed online consisting of left/right judgment tasks assessed by response time and accuracy of: (i) left/right direction recognition; (ii) left/right shoulder laterality recognition; (iii) left/right hand laterality recognition; (iv) mental rotation of nonembodied objects. Comparisons were made between individuals with and without stroke. Secondary comparisons were made in the stroke population according to side of stroke and side of pain if experienced. RESULTS A total of 895 individuals (445 with stroke) participated. Individuals with stroke took longer for all tasks compared to those without stroke, and were less accurate in correctly identifying the laterality of shoulder (P < 0.001) and hand (P < 0.001) images, and the orientation of nonembodied objects (P < 0.001). Moreover, the differences observed in the hand and shoulder tasks were greater than what was observed for the control tasks of directional recognition and nonembodied mental rotation. No significant differences were found between left/right judgments of individuals with stroke according to stroke-affected side or side of pain. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Left/right judgments of upper limb are frequently impaired after stroke, providing evidence of alterations in body schema. The knowledge that body schemas are altered in individuals with longstanding stroke may assist in the development of optimal, well-accepted motor imagery programs for the upper limb.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A394).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon S Haslam
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (B.S.H., L.M.C.); Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (B.H.S., L.M.C.); School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia (D.S.B.); Neuro-Orthopaedic Institute, Adelaide, Australia (D.S.B., T.S.C.); and Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (A.S.K.)
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Muto H, Suzuki M, Sekiyama K. Advanced aging effects on implicit motor imagery and its links to motor performance: An investigation via mental rotation of letters, hands, and feet. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1025667. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1025667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on changes in implicit motor imagery during advanced aging and these changes’ co-occurrences with physical motor deficits. We administered a mental rotation (MR) task with letters, hands, and feet to 28 young adults (20–27 years) and to 71 older adults (60–87 years), and assessed motor skills (gait mobility and hand dexterity) and neuropsychological performance. Compared to young adults, older adults showed lower MR performance for all stimuli and stronger biomechanical constraint effects on both hand and foot rotation. Moreover, the foot biomechanical constraint effect continued to increase during late adulthood, and declines in hand and foot motor imagery emerged at earlier old ages than declines in visual imagery. These results first demonstrated distinct aging trajectories of hand motor imagery, foot motor imagery, and visual imagery. Exploratory partial correlation analysis for older adults showed positive associations of low-level perceptual-motor skills (Trail Making Test-A performance) with hand and foot MR performance and positive associations of mobility (Timed Up and Go test performance) with foot and letter MR performance. These associations exhibited somewhat different patterns from those of young adults and raised the possibility that age-related declines in motor (and visual) imagery co-occur with declines in motor functioning.
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Differences related to aging in sensorimotor knowledge: Investigation of perceptual strength and body object interaction. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 102:104715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bek J, Humphries S, Poliakoff E, Brady N. Mental rotation of hands and objects in ageing and Parkinson's disease: differentiating motor imagery and visuospatial ability. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1991-2004. [PMID: 35680657 PMCID: PMC9288383 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery supports motor learning and performance and has the potential to be a useful strategy for neurorehabilitation. However, motor imagery ability may be impacted by ageing and neurodegeneration, which could limit its therapeutic effectiveness. Motor imagery can be assessed implicitly using a hand laterality task (HLT), whereby laterality judgements are slower for stimuli corresponding to physically more difficult postures, as indicated by a “biomechanical constraint” effect. Performance is also found to differ between back and palm views of the hand, which may differentially recruit visual and sensorimotor processes. Older adults and individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have shown altered performance on the HLT; however, the effects of both ageing and PD on laterality judgements for the different hand views (back and palm) have not been directly examined. The present study compared healthy younger, healthy older, and PD groups on the HLT, an object-based mental rotation task, and an explicit motor imagery measure. The older and PD groups were slower than the younger group on the HLT, particularly when judging laterality from the back view, and exhibited increased biomechanical constraint effects for the palm. While response times were generally similar between older and PD groups, the PD group showed reduced accuracy for the back view. Letter rotation was slower and less accurate only in the PD group, while explicit motor imagery ratings did not differ significantly between groups. These results suggest that motor imagery may be slowed but relatively preserved in both typical ageing and neurodegeneration, while a PD-specific impairment in visuospatial processing may influence task performance. The findings have implications for the use of motor imagery in rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Bek
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Stacey Humphries
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ellen Poliakoff
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nuala Brady
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Limb Laterality Discrimination, Evoked Sensations and Somatosensory Behavior in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess the status of body schema using limb laterality discrimination tasks and pain measurement variables of patients with FMS compared to healthy subjects. The secondary aim was to analyze the relationships between laterality discrimination with respect to somatosensory variables. Thirty female patients with FMS (with a mean age of 52.43 ± 11.82 years) and thirty healthy women (with a mean age of 47.93 ± 5.92 years) were recruited. The main outcome measures were laterality discrimination, referral of evoked sensations, pressure pain threshold and conditioned pain modulation. The main analysis showed that patients with FMS have a longer reaction time for laterality discrimination in hands (hands—20 images, t = 4.044, p < 0.0001, d = 1.04; hands—50 images t = 4.012, p < 0.0001, d = 1.31; feet—20 images t = 2.982, p < 0.01, d = 0.76; feet—50 images, t = 2.159, p < 0.05, d = 0.55). With regard the secondary analysis, patients with FM have higher mechanical hyperalgesia (t = −9.550; p < 0.0001, d = 2.51) and decreased response to conditioned pain modulation compared with healthy subjects (t = 15.519; p < 0.0001, d = 4.17). A positive correlation was found in patients with FMS between greater laterality discrimination ability and better function of conditioned pain modulation (hands r = 0.676, p < 0.0001; feet r = 0.485, p < 0.01). In conclusion, patients with FMS have a longer reaction time and lower accuracy for laterality discrimination, increased mechanical hyperalgesia and decreased conditioned pain modulation compared to healthy subjects. Finally, it seems that there is a positive correlation between greater laterality discrimination ability and better conditioned pain modulation function.
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Kaur J, Ghosh S, Singh P, Dwivedi AK, Sahani AK, Sinha JK. Cervical Spinal Lesion, Completeness of Injury, Stress, and Depression Reduce the Efficiency of Mental Imagery in People With Spinal Cord Injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 101:513-519. [PMID: 35034059 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess the relationships of (1) clinical variables (age, level of injury, time since injury [TSI], and completeness of injury) and (2) psychological variables (stress and depression) with mental imagery ability in individuals with spinal cord injury. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. Participants with spinal cord injury (N = 130) were requested to fill the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire and Vividness of Motor Imagery Questionnaire. They also completed the Perceived Stress Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 for the assessment of stress and depression, respectively. RESULTS Mental imagery scores were found to be significantly low in cervical injuries (P < 0.001) as compared with thoracic injuries (P < 0.001). Furthermore, higher levels of spinal injuries resulted in lower mental imagery scores. Completeness of injury (according to Asia Impairment Scale) also had a significant relationship (P < 0.001) with the mental imagery ability among spinal cord injury participants. Presence of stress (P < 0.001) and depression (P < 0.001) also associated with reduced efficiency of mental imagery in these individuals. CONCLUSIONS Injury type and psychological factors were associated with mental imagery in SCI patients. Imagery-based interventions should be designed after consideration of identified factors yielding effect on their outcomes. TO CLAIM CME CREDITS Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME. CME OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Determine the impact of clinical variables such as level of injury, completeness and chronicity of injury on mental imagery ability in spinal cord injury; (2) Discuss the role of stress and depression on mental imagery ability in spinal cord injury; and (3) Describe the various dimensions of mental imagery ability and its variability among individuals who have spinal cord injury. LEVEL Advanced. ACCREDITATION The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskirat Kaur
- From the Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences (AINN), Amity University UP, Noida, India (JK, JKS); Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, India (SG); All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (PS); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas (AKD); and Indian Spinal Injuries Centre (ISIC), Sector C, New Delhi, India (AKS)
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Beisheim E, Pohlig R, Medina J, Hicks G, Sions J. Body representation among adults with phantom limb pain: Results from a foot identification task. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:255-269. [PMID: 34490685 PMCID: PMC8671232 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired body representation (i.e. disrupted body awareness or perception) may be a critical, but understudied, factor underlying phantom limb pain (PLP). This cross-sectional study investigated whether adults with lower-limb loss (LLL) and PLP demonstrate impaired body representation as compared to Pain-Free peers with and without LLL. METHODS Participants (n = 41 adults with PLP, n = 27 Pain-Free peers with LLL, n = 39 Controls with intact limbs) completed an online foot identification task. Participants judged whether randomized images depicted left or right feet (i.e. left-right discrimination) as quickly as possible without limb movement. Using two Generalized Estimating Equations, effects of group, image characteristics (i.e. side, foot type, view, angle) and trial block (i.e. 1-4) were evaluated, with task response time and accuracy as dependent variables (a ≤ 0.050). RESULTS Adults with PLP demonstrated slower and less accurate performance as compared to Controls with intact limbs (p = 0.018) but performed similarly to Pain-Free peers with LLL (p = 0.394). Significant three-way interactions of group, view and angle indicated between-group differences were greatest for dorsal-view images, but smaller and angle-dependent for plantar-view images. While all groups demonstrated significant response time improvements across blocks, improvements were greatest among adults with PLP, who also reported significant reductions in pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS Adults with PLP demonstrate body representation impairments as compared to Controls with intact limbs. Body representation impairments, however, may not be unique to PLP, given similar performance between adults with and without PLP following LLL. SIGNIFICANCE Following lower-limb loss, adults with phantom limb pain (PLP) demonstrate impaired body representation as compared to Controls with intact limbs, evidenced by slower response times and reduced accuracy when completing a task requiring mental rotation. Importantly, 80% of participants with pre-task PLP reported reduced pain intensity during the task, providing compelling evidence for future investigations into whether imagery-based, mind-body interventions have positive effects on PLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.H. Beisheim
- University of Delaware Department of Physical Therapy, 540 South College Avenue, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - R.T. Pohlig
- University of Delaware Biostatistics Core, 102B STAR Tower, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - J. Medina
- University of Delaware Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 105 The Green, Room 108, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - G.E. Hicks
- University of Delaware Department of Physical Therapy, 540 South College Avenue, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - J.M. Sions
- University of Delaware Department of Physical Therapy, 540 South College Avenue, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
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Raimo S, Di Vita A, Boccia M, Iona T, Cropano M, Gaita M, Guariglia C, Grossi D, Palermo L. The Body across the Lifespan: On the Relation between Interoceptive Sensibility and High-Order Body Representations. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040493. [PMID: 33924634 PMCID: PMC8070580 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interoceptive information plays a pivotal role in building higher-order cognitive body representations (BR) that neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence classifies as action-oriented (i.e., body schema) or non-action-oriented (i.e., visuo-spatial body map). This study aimed to explore the development of BR, considering the association with the interoceptive sensibility throughout the lifespan. Methods: Two hundred thirty-nine healthy participants divided into five age groups (7 to 8 years; 9 to 10 years; 18 to 40 years; 41 to 60 years; over 60 years) completed a self-report measure of interoceptive sensibility (the Self-Awareness Questionnaire; SAQ) and were given tasks assessing the two BR (action-oriented: hand laterality task; non-action-oriented: frontal body evocation task). Results: Both children (7–8 and 9–10 years) and older adults (over 60 years) performed worse than young (18–40 years) and middle-aged adults (41–60 years) in action- and non-action-oriented BR tasks. Moderation analyses showed that the SAQ score significantly moderated the relationship between age and action-oriented BR. Conclusions: The current results are consistent with inverted U-shaped developmental curves for action- and non-action-oriented BR. As an innovative aspect, the ability to mentally represent one’s own body parts in diverse states could be negatively affected by higher interoceptive sensibility levels in childhood and late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0961-3694362 (L.P.)
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Human Neuroscience, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Iona
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Mariachiara Gaita
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0961-3694362 (L.P.)
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Nagashima I, Takeda K, Harada Y, Mochizuki H, Shimoda N. Age-Related Differences in Strategy in the Hand Mental Rotation Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:615584. [PMID: 33776667 PMCID: PMC7987654 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.615584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery of movement is a potentially valuable rehabilitation task, but its therapeutic efficacy may depend on the specific cognitive strategy employed. Individuals use two main strategies to perform the hand mental rotation task (HMRT), which involves determining whether a visual image depicts a left or right hand. One is the motor imagery (MI) strategy, which involves mentally simulating one’s own hand movements. In this case, task performance as measured by response time (RT) is subject to a medial–lateral effect wherein the RT is reduced when the fingertips are directed medially, presumably as the actual motion would be easier. The other strategy is to employ visual imagery (VI), which involves mentally rotating the picture and is not subject to this medial–lateral effect. The rehabilitative benefits of the HMRT are thought to depend on the MI strategy (mental practice), so it is essential to examine the effects of individual factors such as age, image perspective (e.g., palm or back of the hand), and innate ability (as indicated by baseline RT) on the strategy adopted. When presented with pictures of the palm, all subjects in the current study used the MI strategy, regardless of age and ability. In contrast, when subjects were presented with pictures of the back of the hand, the VI strategy predominated among the young age group regardless of performance, while the strategy used by middle-age and elderly groups depended on performance ability. In the middle-age and elderly groups, the VI approach predominated in those with high performance skill, whereas the MI strategy predominated among those with low performance skill. Thus, higher-skill middle-aged and elderly individuals may not necessarily form a motion image during the HMRT, potentially limiting rehabilitation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Nagashima
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takeda
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Healthcare, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yusuke Harada
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shimoda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, Sayama, Japan
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Raimo S, Boccia M, Di Vita A, Cropano M, Guariglia C, Grossi D, Palermo L. The Body Across Adulthood: On the Relation Between Interoception and Body Representations. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:586684. [PMID: 33716641 PMCID: PMC7943607 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.586684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoceptive information plays a pivotal role in building body representations (BR), but the association between interoception and the different types of BR in healthy individuals has never been systematically investigated. Thus, this study aimed to explore the association between BR and interoceptive sensibility (IS) throughout adulthood. One hundred thirty-seven healthy participants (50 aged from 18 to 40 years old; 50 aged from 41 to 60 years old; and 37 over 60 years old) were given a self-report tool for assessing IS (the Self-Awareness Questionnaire; SAQ), and a specific battery including tasks evaluating three different BR (i.e., the body schema, using the Hand Laterality Task; the body structural representation, using the Frontal Body Evocation task, FBE; and body semantics, using the Object-Body Part Association Task) as well as control tasks (i.e., tasks with non-body stimuli). The older age group (aged over 60 years old) showed lower performances on the tasks probing the body schema and body structural representation than younger groups (aged 18 to 40 and 41 to 60 years old). More interestingly, worse performances on a task assessing the body schema were significantly associated with higher IS with older age, suggesting that higher awareness of one's inner body sensations would decrease the plasticity of this BR. These findings are interpreted according to the neuropsychological model of BR development and the effects of aging on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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The effect of handedness on mental rotation of hands: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 85:2829-2881. [PMID: 33389042 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Body-specific mental rotation is thought to rely upon internal representations of motor actions. Handedness is a source of distinctly different motor experience that shapes the development of such internal representations. Yet, the influence of handedness upon hand mental rotation has never been systematically evaluated. Five databases were searched for studies evaluating hand left/right judgement tasks in adults. Two independent reviewers performed screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal. Eighty-seven datasets were included, with 72 datasets pooled; all had unclear/high risk of bias. Meta-analyses showed that right-handers were faster, but not more accurate, than left-handers at hand mental rotation. A unique effect of handedness was found on performance facilitation for images corresponding to the dominant hand. Meta-analyses showed that right-handers were quicker at identifying images of right hands than left hands-a dominance advantage not evident in left-handers. Differing hand representations (more lateralised hand dominance in right-handers) likely underpin these findings. Given potential differences between hand preference and motor performance, future research exploring their distinct contributions to mental rotation is warranted.
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Kotegawa K, Yasumura A, Teramoto W. Changes in prefrontal cortical activation during motor imagery of precision gait with age and task difficulty. Behav Brain Res 2020; 399:113046. [PMID: 33279636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that imagined walking ability decreases with age in a similar manner as actual walking ability; however, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this aging effect. The present study investigates this issue, focusing on the effect of task difficulty and the involvement of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Twenty healthy right-handed older adults (mean age 74.5 ± 3.3 years) participated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the time participants took for actual and imagined walking along a 5-m walkway of three different path widths (15, 25, and 50 cm) were compared. In Experiment 2, the participants imagined walking along the aforementioned paths while PFC activity was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. At the behavioral level, older adults exhibited longer mental and actual walking times for narrower paths and tended to overestimate their imagined walking times over their actual ones. However, overall, the magnitude of the overestimation did not differ by task difficulty. Regarding brain activity, older adults who overestimated mental walking times to a greater degree in the narrowest path exhibited decreased activation in the bilateral PFC. Moreover, compared with young adults in our previous study (Kotegawa et al., 2020), older adults with higher gait ability exhibited the same or smaller mental/actual walking times as well as decreased bilateral PFC activation in the most difficult condition. These results suggest that older adults, especially those with higher gait ability, can utilize neural mechanisms that are different from those of young adults when generating gait motor imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kotegawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325, Izumi Kumamoto, 861-5598 Japan; Graduate School of Social and Cultural Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan.
| | - Akira Yasumura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
| | - Wataru Teramoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
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Lopez A, Caffò AO, Tinella L, Postma A, Bosco A. Studying Individual Differences in Spatial Cognition Through Differential Item Functioning Analysis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110774. [PMID: 33114284 PMCID: PMC7690914 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the field of spatial cognition, the study of individual differences represents a typical research topic. Gender and age have been prominently investigated. A promising statistical technique used to identify the different responses to items in relation to different group memberships is the Differential Item Functioning Analysis (DIF). The aim of the present study was to investigate the DIF of the Landmark positioning on a Map (LPM) task, across age groups (young and elderly) and gender, in a sample of 400 healthy human participants. Methods: LPM is a hometown map completion test based on well-known and familiar landmarks used to assess allocentric mental representations. DIF was assessed on LPM items two times: on categorical (i.e., positions) and coordinate (i.e., distances) scores, separately. Results: When positions and distances were difficult to assess with respect to the intended reference point, the probability to endorse the items seemed to get worse for the elderly compared to the younger participants. Instead other features of landmarks (high pleasantness, restorativeness) seemed to improve the elderly performance. A gender-related improvement of probability to endorse distance estimation of some landmarks, favoring women, emerged, probably associated with their repeated experiences with those landmarks. Overall, the complexity of the task seemed to have a differential impact on young and elderly people while gender-oriented activities and places seemed to have a differential impact on men and women. Conclusions: For the first time DIF was applied to a spatial mental representation task, based on the schematic sketch maps of the participants. The application of DIF to the study of individual differences in spatial cognition should become a systematic routine to early detect differential items, improving knowledge, as well as experimental control, on individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lopez
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.O.C.); (L.T.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro O. Caffò
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.O.C.); (L.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Luigi Tinella
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.O.C.); (L.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Albert Postma
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrea Bosco
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.O.C.); (L.T.); (A.B.)
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Kaur J, Ghosh S, Sahani AK, Sinha JK. Mental Imagery as a Rehabilitative Therapy for Neuropathic Pain in People With Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2020; 34:1038-1049. [PMID: 33040678 DOI: 10.1177/1545968320962498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain of neuropathic origin in spinal cord injury (SCI) is unbearable and challenging to treat. Research studies conducted in the past have shown that mental imagery (MI) techniques have a significant impact on the reduction of symptoms of central neuropathic pain in people with SCI. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of MI training on pain intensity, neuropathic pain symptoms, and interference of pain with function in SCI. METHODS A total of 42 SCI participants with central neuropathic pain (duration 6-12 months) were recruited and randomly allocated to MI or control groups. A MI training protocol was administered to MI group and for 30 min/d for 5 days. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at the end of 4 weeks. RESULTS There was significant reduction in differences of mean [95% CI] scores of numeric rating scale (-2.1 [CI -2.78 to -1.41]; P < .001) between groups. Mean [95% CI] total scores of Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory declined in MI group as compared with control group (-4.52 [CI -5.86 to -3.18]; P < .001). Similarly, Brief Pain Inventory interference scale total dropped significantly (P < .001) in MI group. Majority of participants in the MI group (55%) reported improvement in scores of Patients' Global Impression of Change scale as compared with control group where most of the participants (52%) reported no change. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the effectiveness of the MI protocol developed as a rehabilitative approach in improving central neuropathic pain in SCI. Trial Registration. Clinical Trials Registry-India under Indian Council of Medical Research; CTRI/2018/07/014884. Registered July 16, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shampa Ghosh
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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15
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Breckenridge JD, McAuley JH, Moseley GL, Ginn KA. Is implicit motor imagery altered in people with shoulder pain? The shoulder left/right judgement task. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2020; 48:102159. [PMID: 32250837 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implicit motor imagery performance is altered in a variety of chronic pain conditions, but it is not known whether this is the case in shoulder pain. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess implicit motor imagery performance, using a valid and reliable shoulder left/right judgement task in people with shoulder pain. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. METHODS Participants with (n = 369) and without (n = 747) shoulder pain completed the shoulder left/right judgement task (LRJT). Response times (RT), accuracy were determined. Age, gender, hand dominance, current pain intensity, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and pain duration recorded. Planned analysis included ANOVAs for current pain, RT and accuracy. RESULTS Gender and hand dominance distribution were similar between groups (p > 0.5). The shoulder pain participants were older, mean age (SD); 47(14)years, than the control group; 41(14)years, p < 0.01. Participants with shoulder pain were slower, mean RT(SD); 1809(746)ms than the controls; 1701(749)ms; p = 0.02, but no different in accuracy, mean % (SD); 93.2(8.5)% to controls; 94.1(9.4)%; p = 0.13. The differences in RT were resolved when age was entered as a covariate (p = 0.83). Regression of the data from the shoulder pain group only found that current pain was positively related to RT (B = 43.97) and negatively to accuracy (B = -0.70). CONCLUSIONS Participants with shoulder pain do not demonstrate poorer implicit motor imagery performance than people who are pain-free. However, more intense shoulder pain is associated with poorer implicit motor imagery performance. We recommend further research utilising the LRJT in well-defined clinically homogenous groups, with verified pain severity, functional disability, and chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Breckenridge
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; The Clinical Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.
| | - James H McAuley
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Hospital Rd, Randwick, 2013, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Karen A Ginn
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Bidet-Ildei C, Beauprez SA, Boucard G. The link between language and action in aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 90:104099. [PMID: 32570109 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies have demonstrated the existence of a link between action verb processing and action. However, little is known about the changes in this relationship with aging. METHOD To assess this point, we compare the performances of younger and older people during a priming task consisting of judging whether an image contains a human after listening to an action verb. RESULTS In accordance with previous literature, the results showed that younger people were faster to detect the presence of a human in the image in congruent conditions, namely, when the action verb and the image refer to the same action. However, this effect was not present in older adults' participants. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the link between action and language decreases with age. We discuss these findings in the context of the embodied view of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Bidet-Ildei
- Département des Sciences du sport, Université de Poitiers, Université de Tours, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (UMR 7295), Poitiers, France.
| | - Sophie-Anne Beauprez
- Université Lumière Lyon 2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage (UMR 5596), Lyon, France
| | - Geoffroy Boucard
- Département des Sciences du sport, Université de Poitiers, Université de Tours, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (UMR 7295), Poitiers, France
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17
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Farina E, Borgnis F, Pozzo T. Mirror neurons and their relationship with neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1070-1094. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thierry Pozzo
- INSERM UMR1093‐CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
- IT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Ferrara Italy
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18
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Response time differences between men and women during hand mental rotation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220414. [PMID: 31348807 PMCID: PMC6660072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored gender differences in correct response rates and response times on a task involving left or right arrow selection and another involving the transformation of mental rotation of the hand. We recruited 15 healthy, right-handed men (age 24.5 ± 6.4) and 15 healthy, right-handed women (age 21.3 ± 4.9). For the tasks, we used pictures of left and right arrows and 32 hand pictures (left and right, palm and back) placed in cons (each at 45° from 0° to 315°). Hand and arrow pictures alternated and were shown at random. Participants decided as quickly as possible whether each picture was left or right. To compare the time taken for the transformation of mental rotation of the hand, we subtracted the average arrow response time from that for the left and right hand pictures for each participant. Correct response rates did not differ significantly between men and women or left and right for either arrow or hand pictures. Regardless of gender, the response time was longer for the left arrow picture than right arrow picture. The response time for the hand picture was longest for both men and women for pictures at rotation angles that were most difficult to align with participants' hands. While there was no difference between men's responses for left and right hand pictures, the responses of women were longer for left than right hand pictures and also than those of men. These findings suggest that both men and women mainly perform the hand mental rotation task with implicit motor imagery. On the other hand, the gender difference in performance might be explained by the difference in balance with other strategies, such as visual imagery, and by cognitive, neurophysiological, and morphological differences.
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19
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Nagashima I, Takeda K, Shimoda N, Harada Y, Mochizuki H. Variation in Performance Strategies of a Hand Mental Rotation Task on Elderly. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:252. [PMID: 31379545 PMCID: PMC6659582 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A hand mental rotation task (HMRT) is a task wherein a person judges whether an image of a rotated hand is of the right or left hand. Two performance strategies are expected to come into play when performing these tasks: a visual imagery (VI) strategy, in which an image is mentally rotated, and a motor imagery (MI) strategy, in which the movement of a person’s own hand is simulated. Although elderly people generally take some time to perform these tasks, ability differs greatly between individuals. The present study hypothesizes that there is a relationship between differences in task performance strategy and performance ability, and it compares performance strategy among elderly people divided into groups with a short mental rotation time and a long mental rotation time. In response to images of the palm, both groups displayed a medial-lateral effect in which responses were faster for images where the third finger was rotated toward the midline of the body than images rotated in the opposite direction, and we inferred that an MI strategy was primarily employed. Meanwhile, in response to images of the back of the hand, a medial-lateral effect was also observed in the group with a long mental rotation time and not in the group with the shortest mental rotation time (VI strategy). These results suggest that different strategies for performing HMRT task are used by elderly people with a short mental rotation time and those with a long mental rotation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Nagashima
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takeda
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Healthcare, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shimoda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, Sayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Harada
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
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20
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El Haj M, Badcock JC, Jardri R, Larøi F, Roche J, Sommer IE, Gallouj K. A look into hallucinations: the relationship between visual imagery and hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2019; 24:275-283. [PMID: 31213139 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1632180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We investigated the relationship between visual hallucinations and vividness of visual imagery in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Method: We recruited 28 patients with AD and 30 healthy control participants, matched for age and education. We evaluated proneness towards hallucinations with the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale, which includes items assessing visual and auditory hallucinations. We also evaluated vividness of visual imagery with the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire on which participants had to imagine four images (i.e., imagining the face of a friend, the rising sun, a familiar shop-front, and a country scene) and report the vividness of the images they generated. Results: Analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between visual hallucinations and vividness of visual imagery in AD patients, however, no significant correlations were observed between auditory hallucinations and vividness of visual imagery in these participants. No significant correlations were observed between hallucinations and vividness of visual imagery in healthy control participants, probably due to the lack of hallucinations in these participants. Discussion: These results demonstrate a selective relationship between the occurrence of visual (but not auditory) hallucinations and the ability to generate vivid visual images in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- a Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, Univ Nantes , Nantes , France.,b Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie , Tourcoing , France.,c Institut Universitaire de France , Paris , France
| | - Johanna C Badcock
- d School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Renaud Jardri
- e UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille , Lille , France
| | - Frank Larøi
- f Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen (UiB) , Bergen , Norway.,g Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,h NORMENT - Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jean Roche
- i CHU de Lille, Unité de Psychogériatrie, Pôle de Gérontologie , Lille , France
| | - Iris E Sommer
- f Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen (UiB) , Bergen , Norway.,j Department of Neuroscience and Department of psychiatry, Rijks Universiteit Groningen (RUG), University medical Center Groningen (UMCG) , Netherlands
| | - Karim Gallouj
- b Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie , Tourcoing , France
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Fusco A, Iasevoli L, Iosa M, Gallotta MC, Padua L, Tucci L, Antonucci G, Baldari C, Guidetti L. Dynamic motor imagery mentally simulates uncommon real locomotion better than static motor imagery both in young adults and elderly. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218378. [PMID: 31242209 PMCID: PMC6594612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new form of Motor Imagery (MI), called dynamic Motor Imagery (dMI) has recently been proposed. The dMI adds to conventional static Motor Imagery (sMI) the presence of simultaneous actual movements partially replicating those mentally represented. In a previous research conducted on young participants, dMI showed to be temporally closer than sMI in replicating the real performance for some specific locomotor conditions. In this study, we evaluated if there is any influence of the ageing on dMI. Thirty healthy participants were enrolled: 15 young adults (27.1±3.8 y.o.) and 15 older adults (65.9±9.6y.o.). The performance time and the number of steps needed to either walk to a target (placed at 10m from participants) or to imagine walking to it, were assessed. Parameters were measured for sMI, dMI and real locomotion (RL) in three different locomotor conditions: forward walking (FW), backward walking (BW), and lateral walking (LW). Temporal performances of sMI and dMI did not differ between RL in the FW, even if significantly different to each other (p = 0.0002). No significant differences were found for dMI with respect to RL for LW (p = 0.140) and BW (p = 0.438), while sMI was significantly lower than RL in LW (p<0.001). The p-value of main effect of age on participants’ temporal performances was p = 0.055. The interaction between age and other factors such as the type of locomotion (p = 0.358) or the motor condition (p = 0.614) or third level interaction (p = 0.349) were not statistically significant. Despite a slight slowdown in the performance of elderly compared to young participants, the temporal and spatial accuracy was better in dMI than sMI in both groups. Motor imagery processes may be strengthened by the feedback generated through dMI, and this effect appears to be unaffected by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Fusco
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Luigi Iasevoli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iosa
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Gallotta
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Padua
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Tucci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Antonucci
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Guidetti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
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22
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Williams LJ, Braithwaite FA, Leake HB, McDonnell MN, Peto DK, Lorimer Moseley G, Hillier SL. Reliability and validity of a mobile tablet for assessing left/right judgements. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2019; 40:45-52. [PMID: 30703633 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left/right judgement (LRJ) of body parts is commonly used to assess the ability to perform implicit motor imagery and the integrity of brain-grounded maps of the body. Clinically, LRJ are often undertaken using a mobile tablet, but the concurrent validity and reliability of this approach has not yet been established. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of a mobile tablet for assessing LRJ. METHOD Participants completed LRJ for 50 hand images (Experiment 1), and 40 back, foot, or neck images (Experiment 2) using a mobile tablet and desktop computer in random order. Participants in Experiment 2 performed a repeat test the following day to assess test-retest reliability. Accuracy and response time (RT) were recorded. RESULTS Twenty participants aged 55.3 (±6.7) years in Experiment 1, and 37 participants aged 38.2 (±12.3) years in Experiment 2, were recruited. Concurrent validity of the mobile tablet was good to excellent for hand judgements (ICC3,1 = 0.836 for RT; ICC = 0.909 for accuracy), and was good for back, foot, and neck judgements (ICC = 0.781 for accuracy; ICC = 0.880 for RT). Test-retest reliability of the mobile tablet was good to excellent (ICC = 0.824 for accuracy; ICC = 0.903 for RT). CONCLUSIONS The mobile tablet demonstrated good to excellent concurrent validity with the desktop computer in two separate samples. The mobile tablet also demonstrated good to excellent test-retest reliability. The mobile tablet for LRJ is a valid alternative to the original desktop version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy J Williams
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | | | - Hayley B Leake
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Daniela K Peto
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susan L Hillier
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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Ravat S, Olivier B, Gillion N, Lewis F. Laterality judgment performance between people with chronic pain and pain-free individuals. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 36:1279-1299. [PMID: 30686110 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1570575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Treatment of chronic pain is challenging and there is often failure of recovery, with the need to look at different approaches in its management. Central mechanisms may contribute to chronicity (i.e. disturbance in body schema). Laterality judgment is dependent on body schema and can determine affected central mechanisms. Objective: This review aimed to determine whether there are laterality judgment differences between chronic pain and pain-free individuals. Methods: A search was done of various databases, using combinations of keywords, and reference lists of full-text articles. Articles were considered from inception until February 2018. Eighteen studies were included. Methodological quality was assessed by two reviewers using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Studies were analyzed broadly then divided into subgroups. A meta-analysis or narrative review was done. Results: There was high heterogeneity for broad outcome measures, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS1), and upper limb pain. Analysis for accuracy in lower limb conditions showed a medium significant effect size (0.59) and significant 95%CI (0.11-1.07). Low back and cervical pain results could not be pooled into meta-analysis (due to different methods of reporting). Conclusions: Laterality judgment impairment was shown in CPRS1, upper limb pain, hand and wrist pain, carpal-tunnel syndrome, facial pain, knee osteoarthritis, and leg pain. No conclusions could be drawn in low back pain, due to the low-quality evidence and differing results. There was no impairment in whiplash-associated disorders and nonspecific cervical pain showed conflicting evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Ravat
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Benita Olivier
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nadia Gillion
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Francoise Lewis
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
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Carvalho R, Dias N, Cerqueira JJ. Brain-machine interface of upper limb recovery in stroke patients rehabilitation: A systematic review. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 24:e1764. [PMID: 30609208 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technologies such as brain-computer interfaces are able to guide mental practice, in particular motor imagery performance, to promote recovery in stroke patients, as a combined approach to conventional therapy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to provide a status report regarding advances in brain-computer interface, focusing in particular in upper limb motor recovery. METHODS The databases PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro were systematically searched for articles published between January 2010 and December 2017. The selected studies were randomized controlled trials involving brain-computer interface interventions in stroke patients, with upper limb assessment as primary outcome measures. Reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the trials, using the PEDro methodologic rating scale. RESULTS From 309 titles, we included nine studies with high quality (PEDro ≥ 6). We found that the most common interface used was non-invasive electroencephalography, and the main neurofeedback, in stroke rehabilitation, was usually visual abstract or a combination with the control of an orthosis/robotic limb. Moreover, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale was a major outcome measure in eight out of nine studies. In addition, the benefits of functional electric stimulation associated to an interface were found in three studies. CONCLUSIONS Neurofeedback training with brain-computer interface systems seem to promote clinical and neurophysiologic changes in stroke patients, in particular those with long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Carvalho
- Department of Physical Therapy, CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Gandra, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dias
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,2Ai - Polytechnic Institute of Cavado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - João José Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Zapparoli L, Gandola M, Banfi G, Paulesu E. A Breakdown of Imagined Visuomotor Transformations and Its Neural Correlates in Young Elderly Subjects. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:1682-1696. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Gandola
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Ma H, Li X, Liu M, Ma H, Zhang D. Mental Rotation Effect on Adult Immigrants with Long-term Exposure to High Altitude in Tibet: An ERP Study. Neuroscience 2018; 386:339-350. [PMID: 30049664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human spatial manipulation ability is sensitive to high-altitude (HA) environment. The present study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological basis of spatial manipulation ability on adult immigrants with long-term HA exposure using the mental rotation (MR) task and the ERP approach. Toward this end, we explored the MR effect in individuals who immigrated to HA areas for three years compared with individuals who lived in low altitude areas. We found that the reaction time related to the MR effect was significantly slower in the HA group than that of the low-altitude group. The ERP component analysis further indicated that the rotation-related negativity (RRN) amplitude was highly corresponding to the MR effect in each group, the RRN amplitude was significantly larger in the HA group than the low-altitude group related to each rotation angle condition. The brain topographical map further showed that only the right hemisphere regions instead of the bilateral hemisphere regions involved into the MR effect in the HA group, which was different to the low-altitude group. Together, these findings might collectively suggest that the mental resource was insufficient as a result of HA exposure which can be reflected on the RRN amplitude, which may help understanding the neural basis of spatial ability change from the long-term HA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Ma
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Guangzhou 510631/Lhasa 850012, China; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Guangzhou 510631/Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Guangzhou 510631/Lhasa 850012, China; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huifang Ma
- College of Management, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Delong Zhang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Guangzhou 510631/Lhasa 850012, China; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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27
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Carvalho R, Azevedo E, Marques P, Dias N, Cerqueira JJ. Physiotherapy based on problem-solving in upper limb function and neuroplasticity in chronic stroke patients: A case series. J Eval Clin Pract 2018; 24:552-560. [PMID: 29691951 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Upper limb recovery is one of the main concerns of stroke neurorehabilitation. Neuroplasticity might underlie such recovery, particularly in the chronic phase. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of physiotherapy based on problem-solving in recovering arm function in chronic stroke patients and explore its neuroplastic changes. METHODS A small sample research design with a n of 3 using a pre-post test design was carried out. Neuroplasticity and function were assessed by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (during motor imagery and performance), action research arm test, motor assessment scale, and Fugl-Meyer assessment scale, at 3 sequential time periods: baseline(m0-before a 4-week period without physiotherapy), pre-treatment(m1), and post-treatment(m2). Minimal clinical important differences and a recovery score were assessed. Assessors were blinded to moment assignment. Patients1 underwent physiotherapy sessions, 50 minutes, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Four control subjects served as a reference for functional magnetic resonance imaging changes. RESULTS All patients recovered more than 20% after intervention. Stroke patients had similar increased areas as healthy subjects during motor execution but not during imagination at baseline. Consequently, all patients increased activity in the contralateral precentral area after intervention. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that 4 weeks of physiotherapy promoted the recovery of arm function and neuroplasticity in all chronic stroke patients. Future research is recommended to determine the efficacy of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Carvalho
- Department of Physical Therapy, CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Elsa Azevedo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital São João and Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dias
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,DIGARC, Polytechnic Institute of Cavado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - João José Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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28
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Rodrigues PCDS, Silva JMCD, Barreiros JMP, Vasconcelos MOF. Manual asymmetry in older adults on a complex coincidence-anticipation task. Laterality 2018; 24:26-37. [PMID: 29676213 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2018.1464576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Age-related asymmetrical functional decline was tested in a sample of 57 right-handed volunteers between 65 and 85 years of age. Participants performed a complex coincidence-anticipation (CA) task with both preferred and non-preferred hands. Results demonstrated that the proficiency of a complex CA task was similar for the 2 age groups, but different for the 2 hands. The non-preferred hand was more proficient for temporal accuracy but not for response timing, which was similar for both hands. Moreover, the lack of interaction between age and hand both in response timing and response accuracy reveal symmetric performance across ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cristina Dos Santos Rodrigues
- a Faculty of Sport , University of Porto, Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, CIFI2D - Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport , Porto , Portugal.,b RECI - Research in Education and Community Intervention - Instituto Piaget , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - João Miguel Carvalho da Silva
- a Faculty of Sport , University of Porto, Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, CIFI2D - Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport , Porto , Portugal
| | | | - Maria Olga Fernandes Vasconcelos
- a Faculty of Sport , University of Porto, Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, CIFI2D - Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport , Porto , Portugal
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29
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Kuehn E, Perez-Lopez MB, Diersch N, Döhler J, Wolbers T, Riemer M. Embodiment in the aging mind. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 86:207-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Zimney KJ, Wassinger CA, Goranson J, Kingsbury T, Kuhn T, Morgan S. The reliability of card-based and tablet-based left/right judgment measurements. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2018; 33:105-109. [PMID: 28923696 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left/right judgment (LRJ) measurement is a potential way to identify dysfunction in cortical body maps, and to measure improvement related to corresponding treatments. Few studies have explored the reliability of various methods for LRJ measurement. OBJECTIVES To determine measurement reliability of LRJ utilizing two methods: card-based (CB) and tablet-based (TB). Establish minimal detectable difference (MDD) for accuracy and reaction time for both assessments. METHODS Testing was done over two different days. Session 1 consisted of testing LRJ utilizing CB assessment with photos of left and right hands over two trial periods. The TB format was also tested over two trial periods. Session 2 tested with the CB assessment for two trial periods. 40 images were used in the basic upright position for both CB and TB formats. RESULTS Fifty participants (N = 50; female = 35) with an average age of 24.3 (range 19-35) were studied. ICC (2,k) for reaction time for both methods were >0.84. The MDD for reaction time was between 0.19 and 0.49 s for various test points for both methods. Combined left and right accuracy ICC (2,k) for both methods were >0.51, with MDD between 5 and 14%. CONCLUSIONS This study examined the reliability and MDD for the LRJ measurement for card and tablet-based assessments. Generally, LRJ reaction time had good reliability, while accuracy had moderate reliability and varied between testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kory J Zimney
- University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Craig A Wassinger
- East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70624, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - James Goranson
- University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Tarkenton Kingsbury
- University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Taylor Kuhn
- University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Sarah Morgan
- East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70624, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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31
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Thomschewski A, Ströhlein A, Langthaler PB, Schmid E, Potthoff J, Höller P, Leis S, Trinka E, Höller Y. Imagine There Is No Plegia. Mental Motor Imagery Difficulties in Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:689. [PMID: 29311771 PMCID: PMC5732245 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), imagination of movement is a candidate tool to promote long-term recovery or to control futuristic neuroprostheses. However, little is known about the ability of patients with spinal cord injury to perform this task. It is likely that without the ability to effectively perform the movement, the imagination of movement is also problematic. We therefore examined, whether patients with SCI experience increased difficulties in motor imagery (MI) compared to healthy controls. We examined 7 male patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (aged 23–70 years, median 53) and 20 healthy controls (aged 21–54 years, median 30). All patients had incomplete SCI, with AIS (ASIA Impairment Scale) grades of C or D. All had cervical lesions, except one who had a thoracic injury level. Duration after injury ranged from 3 to 314 months. We performed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire Revised as well as the Beck Depression Inventory in all participants. The self-assessed ability of patients to visually imagine movements ranged from 7 to 36 (Md = 30) and tended to be decreased in comparison to healthy controls (ranged 16–49, Md = 42.5; W = 326.5, p = 0.055). Also, the self-assessed ability of patients to kinesthetically imagine movements (range = 7–35, Md = 31) differed significantly from the control group (range = 23–49, Md = 41; W = 337.5, p = 0.0047). Two patients yielded tendencies for depressive mood and they also reported most problems with movement imagination. Statistical analysis however did not confirm a general relationship between depressive mood and increased difficulty in MI across both groups. Patients with spinal cord injury seem to experience difficulties in imagining movements compared to healthy controls. This result might not only have implications for training and rehabilitation programs, but also for applications like brain-computer interfaces used to control neuroprostheses, which are often based on the brain signals exhibited during the imagination of movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoscha Thomschewski
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anja Ströhlein
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrick B Langthaler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Mathematics, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Schmid
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jonas Potthoff
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Höller
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Leis
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Yvonne Höller
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Breckenridge JD, McAuley JH, Butler DS, Stewart H, Moseley GL, Ginn KA. The development of a shoulder specific left/right judgement task: Validity & reliability. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2017; 28:39-45. [PMID: 28171777 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of cortically-held working body schema has been associated with a variety of pain conditions. A motor imagery technique - the left right judgement task (LRJT) - has been used as an indirect assessment of the integrity of the working body schema. To date there is no LRJT specifically designed to investigate the body schema of persons with shoulder pain. OBJECTIVES To develop a shoulder specific LRJT and assess its validity and reliability. DESIGN Cross-sectional repeated measures. METHODS Shoulder images were developed representing the shoulder in a variety of postures of graded complexity/awkwardness and degree of rotation. These images were digitally mirrored to represent both left and right shoulders. Participants viewed the images on a computer and determined whether images were of a left or right shoulder. RESULTS 1413 participants were recruited worldwide and performed the shoulder LRJT (laterality judgement). Mean response time (SD) for the task was 1738(741) ms. Mean accuracy (SD) was 93.5(9.2)%. Chronbach's Alpha for shoulder image response times was 0.95. Participants were fastest responding to images of simple postures and slowest to images corresponding to the more awkward postures (mean difference 520 ms, 95%CI 469-570 ms). Participants were fastest responding to the least rotated images and slowest responding to inverted images, (mean difference 981 ms, 95%CI 919-1043 ms). CONCLUSIONS The shoulder specific LRJT proved to be highly reliable. Response times increased with complexity and rotation of images, implying a motor imagery strategy was used to complete the task, validating the task as a measure of shoulder joint implicit motor imagery. Abnormal performance cut-offs for age were reported. This result will enable further research examining the relationship between shoulder pain and body schema.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Breckenridge
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - James H McAuley
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Hospital Rd, Randwick 2013, Australia
| | - David S Butler
- Neuro Orthopaedic Institute, North Street, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Halton Stewart
- Neuro Orthopaedic Institute, North Street, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Hospital Rd, Randwick 2013, Australia; Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Karen A Ginn
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia
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33
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Costello MC, Bloesch EK. Are Older Adults Less Embodied? A Review of Age Effects through the Lens of Embodied Cognition. Front Psychol 2017; 8:267. [PMID: 28289397 PMCID: PMC5326803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Embodied cognition is a theoretical framework which posits that cognitive function is intimately intertwined with the body and physical actions. Although the field of psychology is increasingly accepting embodied cognition as a viable theory, it has rarely been employed in the gerontological literature. However, embodied cognition would appear to have explanatory power for aging research given that older adults typically manifest concurrent physical and mental changes, and that research has indicated a correlative relationship between such changes. The current paper reviews age-related changes in sensory processing, mental representation, and the action-perception relationship, exploring how each can be understood through the lens of embodied cognition. Compared to younger adults, older adults exhibit across all three domains an increased tendency to favor visual processing over bodily factors, leading to the conclusion that older adults are less embodied than young adults. We explore the significance of this finding in light of existing theoretical models of aging and argue that embodied cognition can benefit gerontological research by identifying further factors that can explain the cause of age-related declines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily K Bloesch
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant MI, USA
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Houston JR, Bennett IJ, Allen PA, Madden DJ. Visual Acuity does not Moderate Effect Sizes of Higher-Level Cognitive Tasks. Exp Aging Res 2017; 42:221-63. [PMID: 27070044 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2016.1156964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT Declining visual capacities in older adults have been posited as a driving force behind adult age differences in higher-order cognitive functions (e.g., the "common cause" hypothesis of Lindenberger & Baltes, 1994, Psychology and Aging, 9, 339-355). McGowan, Patterson, and Jordan (2013, Experimental Aging Research, 39, 70-79) also found that a surprisingly large number of published cognitive aging studies failed to include adequate measures of visual acuity. However, a recent meta-analysis of three studies (La Fleur and Salthouse, 2014, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21, 1202-1208) failed to find evidence that visual acuity moderated or mediated age differences in higher-level cognitive processes. In order to provide a more extensive test of whether visual acuity moderates age differences in higher-level cognitive processes, we conducted a more extensive meta-analysis of topic. METHODS Using results from 456 studies, we calculated effect sizes for the main effect of age across four cognitive domains (attention, executive function, memory, and perception/language) separately for five levels of visual acuity criteria (no criteria, undisclosed criteria, self-reported acuity, 20/80-20/31, and 20/30 or better). RESULTS As expected, age had a significant effect on each cognitive domain. However, these age effects did not further differ as a function of visual acuity criteria. CONCLUSION The current meta-analytic, cross-sectional results suggest that visual acuity is not significantly related to age group differences in higher-level cognitive performance-thereby replicating La Fleur and Salthouse (2014). Further efforts are needed to determine whether other measures of visual functioning (e.g., contrast sensitivity, luminance) affect age differences in cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Houston
- a Department of Psychology , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio , USA
| | - Ilana J Bennett
- b Department of Neurobiology and Behavior , University of California , Irvine , Irvine California , USA
| | - Philip A Allen
- a Department of Psychology , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio , USA
| | - David J Madden
- c Brain Imaging and Analysis Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina , USA
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Motor and mental training in older people: Transfer, interference, and associated functional neural responses. Neuropsychologia 2016; 89:371-377. [PMID: 27450266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Learning new motor skills may become more difficult with advanced age. In the present study, we randomized 56 older individuals, including 30 women (mean age 70.6 years), to 6 weeks of motor training, mental (motor imagery) training, or a combination of motor and mental training of a finger tapping sequence. Performance improvements and post-training functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used to investigate performance gains and associated underlying neural processes. Motor-only training and a combination of motor and mental training improved performance in the trained task more than mental-only training. The fMRI data showed that motor training was associated with a representation in the premotor cortex and mental training with a representation in the secondary visual cortex. Combining motor and mental training resulted in both premotor and visual cortex representations. During fMRI scanning, reduced performance was observed in the combined motor and mental training group, possibly indicating interference between the two training methods. We concluded that motor and motor imagery training in older individuals is associated with different functional brain responses. Furthermore, adding mental training to motor training did not result in additional performance gains compared to motor-only training and combining training methods may result in interference between representations, reducing performance.
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36
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Thomas M. Age-related differences of neural connectivity during mental rotation. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 101:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zapparoli L, Saetta G, De Santis C, Gandola M, Zerbi A, Banfi G, Paulesu E. When I am (almost) 64: The effect of normal ageing on implicit motor imagery in young elderlies. Behav Brain Res 2016; 303:137-51. [PMID: 26851363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery (M.I.) is a cognitive process in which movements are mentally evoked without overt actions. Behavioral and fMRI studies show a decline of explicit M.I. ability (e.g., the mental rehearsal of finger oppositions) with normal ageing: this decline is accompanied by the recruitment of additional cortical networks. However, none of these studies investigated behavioral and the related fMRI ageing modifications in implicit M.I. tasks, like the hand laterality task (HLT). To address this issue, we performed a behavioral and fMRI study: 27 younger subjects (mean age: 31 years) and 29 older subjects (mean age: 61 years) underwent two event-related design fMRI experiments. In the HLT, participants were asked to decide whether a hand rotated at different angles was a left or right hand. To test the specificity of any age related difference in the HLT, we used a letter rotation task as a control experiment: here subjects had to decide whether rotated letters were presented in a standard or a mirror orientation. We did not find any group difference in either behavioral task; however, we found significant additional neural activation in the elderly group in occipito-temporal regions: these differences were stronger for the HLT rather than for the LRT with group by task interactions effects in right occipital cortices. We interpret these results as evidence of compensatory processes associated with ageing that permit a behavioral performance comparable to that of younger subjects. This process appears to be more marked when the task specifically involves motor representations, even when these are implicitly evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zapparoli
- fMRI Unit-IRCCS Galeazzi, Milan, Italy; Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Saetta
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo De Santis
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Gandola
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Banfi
- fMRI Unit-IRCCS Galeazzi, Milan, Italy; University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- fMRI Unit-IRCCS Galeazzi, Milan, Italy; Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Bourrelier J, Kubicki A, Rouaud O, Crognier L, Mourey F. Mental Rotation as an Indicator of Motor Representation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:238. [PMID: 26779010 PMCID: PMC4688352 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This internal representation of movement of part(s) of the body is involved during Implicit Motor Imagery tasks (IMI); the same representations are employed in the laterality judgment task. Few studies have looked at the consequences of aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on the processes of motor preparation but none showed evidence of an alteration of action representation in patient with amnestic MCI. In the present study, the IMI task was used to assess the action representation abilities in MCI patients and healthy counterparts. A total of 24 elderly participants aged between 65 and 90 years old (12 women, 73.4 ± 6 years, mean ± S.D.) were recruited: 12 patients with MCI (MCI group) and 12 healthy aged adults (HAA group). The results showed that MCI patients have significantly a greater response time (RT) than HAA subjects only in IMI task and more precisely when performing their mental rotation at the challenging conditions. Furthermore, the IMI task related to the non-dominant hand induced a significant increase of RT only in MCI subjects. At the light of these results, we assume that MCI patients are able to engage themselves in IMI processes, still showing a compelling impairment of this mental ability across its complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bourrelier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-U1093, Faculté des Sciences du SportDijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculté des Sciences du SportDijon, France
| | - Alexandre Kubicki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-U1093, Faculté des Sciences du SportDijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculté des Sciences du SportDijon, France
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- Resource and Research Memory Center, University Hospital of Dijon Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Crognier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-U1093, Faculté des Sciences du SportDijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculté des Sciences du SportDijon, France
| | - France Mourey
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-U1093, Faculté des Sciences du SportDijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculté des Sciences du SportDijon, France
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Kalicinski M, Kempe M, Bock O. Motor imagery: effects of age, task complexity, and task setting. Exp Aging Res 2015; 41:25-38. [PMID: 25494669 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2015.978202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: Mental training may potentially enhance motor performance and self-efficacy in older adults. However, several studies revealed an age-related decay of motor imagery (MI), which suggests that mental training might be too challenging for older adults. Recognizing that laboratory results are often not transferable to real-life situations, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate imagery performance in the elderly with a more real-life-like approach. METHODS MI performance of 21 older (70.28 ± 4.65 years) and 19 younger adults (24.89 ± 3.16 years) was estimated by mental chronometry from the first-person perspective. Subjects were asked to walk in a supermarket scenario straight ahead (A), or with two changes of direction (B), or with two changes of direction while retrieving products (C). The three tasks were completed first in the subjects' imagination and then in reality, with time required as the dependent measure. MI ability was also assessed by the Controllability of Motor Imagery (CMI) test, in which subjects are required to mentally assume a sequence of body postures. RESULTS Age-related alterations of MI were observed for walking only in Tasks B and C, and only in terms of intersubject variability, not in terms of across-subject means. This is in contrast to earlier studies that used a less realistic walking scenario and found an age-related decay even for MI means. Age-related alterations of CMI were observed as well, but they correlated little with those of walking. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MI is not a global phenomenon, as it decays in old age independently in the temporal and in the spatial domain, decays less with simple than with complex tasks, and less in an everyday-like than in a typical laboratory setting. These characteristics of MI should be taken into account when assessing its decay in old age, and when designing mental training for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kalicinski
- a Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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Linder M, Michaelson P, Röijezon U. Laterality judgments in people with low back pain--A cross-sectional observational and test-retest reliability study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26198686 DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of cortical representation, or body schema, has been indicated as a factor in the persistence and recurrence of low back pain (LBP). This has been observed through impaired laterality judgment ability and it has been suggested that this ability is affected in a spatial rather than anatomical manner. OBJECTIVES We compared laterality judgment performance of foot and trunk movements between people with LBP with or without leg pain and healthy controls, and investigated associations between test performance and pain. We also assessed the test-retest reliability of the Recognise Online™ software when used in a clinical and a home setting. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational and test-retest study. METHODS Thirty individuals with LBP and 30 healthy controls performed judgment tests of foot and trunk laterality once supervised in a clinic and twice at home. RESULTS No statistically significant group differences were found. LBP intensity was negatively related to trunk laterality accuracy (p = 0.019). Intraclass correlation values ranged from 0.51 to 0.91. Reaction time improved significantly between test occasions while accuracy did not. CONCLUSIONS Laterality judgments were not impaired in subjects with LBP compared to controls. Further research may clarify the relationship between pain mechanisms in LBP and laterality judgment ability. Reliability values were mostly acceptable, with wide and low confidence intervals, suggesting test-retest reliability for Recognise Online™ could be questioned in this trial. A significant learning effect was observed which should be considered in clinical and research application of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Linder
- Ystad Rehab Center, Aulingatan 22A, 271 39 Ystad, Sweden.
| | - Peter Michaelson
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Ulrik Röijezon
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: Age-related effects in performance on spatial tasks have been well documented, with results suggesting a negative effect on performance in older samples. Although meta-analyses have been conducted examining performance on specific spatial tasks, it appears that data incorporating a variety of tasks have not yet been integrated into a single meta-analyses. METHODS The present study examined age-related effects on spatial abilities in a multilevel meta-analysis of 137 effect sizes, drawn from 80 samples dated between 1958 and 2011. In addition to sample characteristics (education, year of publication, and age range), procedural factors (spatial ability category, spatial task, dependent variable, task setting, and medium of administration) were also considered. The standardized mean difference (Cohen's d) was used as the effect size measure in meta-analytic calculations. RESULTS RESULTS revealed a large (mean d = 1.01) age-related decrease in spatial performance on psychometric tests. Specifically, older adults (mean age range = 63-79.5 years) performed worse on psychometric tests than younger adults (mean age range = 17-28.6 years). Interestingly, this age effect was unaffected by factors such as specific test, test category (mental rotation, spatial perception, or spatial visualization), timing conditions, and group or individual administration. However, measures of response time produced significantly larger effects of age than measures of accuracy on spatial performance. CONCLUSION The present analysis demonstrates a clear pattern of negative age effects in spatial ability across the literature. Although these effects are unaffected by the specific spatial component under investigation or testing conditions, speed of processing was shown to be an important factor in spatial performance. The need to report more thoroughly on characteristics of young and old participants in future studies is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Techentin
- a Department of Psychology , Mount Royal University , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
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Assessing motor imagery ability in younger and older adults by combining measures of vividness, controllability and timing of motor imagery. Brain Res 2014; 1597:196-209. [PMID: 25481412 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the population aging, a large number of patients undergoing rehabilitation are older than 60 years. Also, since the use of motor imagery (MI) training in rehabilitation is becoming more popular, it is important to gain a better knowledge about the age-related changes in MI ability. The main goal of this study was to compare MI ability in younger and older adults as well as to propose a new procedure for testing this ability. Thirty healthy young subjects (mean age: 22.9±2.7 years) and 28 healthy elderly subjects (mean age: 72.4±5.5 years) participated in the experiment. They were administered three tests aimed at assessing three dimensions of MI: (1) the kinesthetic and visual imagery questionnaire (KVIQ) to assess MI vividness; (2) a finger-thumb opposition task to assess MI controllability; and (3) a chronometric task to assess the timing of MI. On average, the younger and older groups showed similar results on the KVIQ and the chronometric task, but the younger group was more accurate at the finger-thumb opposition task. Interestingly, there was a large variability in the performance within both groups, emphasizing the importance of considering each person individually regarding MI ability, whatever his age. Finally, we propose two indexes of MI ability to identify the potential of persons to engage in MI training programs. Future studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of these MI indexes and define inclusion/exclusion thresholds for their use as a screening tool in both younger and older adults.
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Grafton ST, Viswanathan S. Rethinking the role of motor simulation in perceptual decisions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 826:69-90. [PMID: 25330886 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1338-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Grafton
- Department of Psychological Brain Sciences, University of California, 93106-9660, Santa Barbara, CA, USA,
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Neurocognitive impairment of mental rotation in major depressive disorder: evidence from event-related brain potentials. J Nerv Ment Dis 2014; 202:594-602. [PMID: 25010105 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mental rotation performance may be used as an index of mental slowing or bradyphrenia and may reflect speed of motor preparation. Previous studies suggest that major depressive disorder (MDD) presents correlates of impaired behavioral performance for mental rotation and psychomotor disturbance. Very little is known about the electrophysiological mechanism underlying this deficit. The present study was the first to investigate the event-related brain potential (ERP) correlates of mental rotation and their mental slowing or bradyphrenia in MDD. ERPs were recorded while we tested 25 MDD patients and 26 healthy controls by evaluating the performance of MDD patients on hand and letter rotation tasks at different orientations, and their 400-to-600-msec time window was measured and analyzed for latencies and peak amplitudes over the electrodes. First, individuals with MDD were slower and made more errors in mentally rotating hands and letters than healthy controls did, and individuals with MDD exhibited a greater difference in response times and errors than controls did between hands and letters. Second, the mean peak amplitude was significantly lower and the mean latency was significantly longer in the 400-to-600-msec time window at the parietal site in the hand tasks in MDD patients than in controls, but this was not seen in the letter task, with only lower mean peak amplitude. MDD patients present the absence of a typical mental rotation function for the amplitude of the rotation-related negativity in the hand and letter tasks. Third, the scalp activity maps in MDD patients exhibited the absence of activation in the left parietal site for the mental rotation of hands, as shown in healthy participants. In contrast, their brain activation for the letter task was similar to those of healthy participants. These data suggest that mental imagery of hands and letters relies on different cognitive and neural mechanisms and indicate that the left posterior parietal lobe is a necessary structure for mental transformations of human hands. Importantly, MDD deficits were more seriously present specific to the hands than the letters. Such impairment may also be an important and possibly defining marker of MDD in particular.
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Task requirements and their effects on imagined walking in elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res 2014; 26:387-93. [PMID: 24362888 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mental training has the potential to enhance motor performance and behavior in older adults. Yet several studies have revealed age-related alteration of motor imagery (MI) ability, suggesting that mental training is not applicable for older adults. The purpose of the present study was to estimate MI performance in older adults, taking into account task requirements. METHODS MI performance of 20 older (mean age 70.75 ± 3.68 years) and 22 younger (mean age 24.31 ± 1.25 years) adults was estimated with the mental chronometry paradigm from the first-person perspective. Participants completed four walking tasks with different requirements, walking (A) in a straight line; (B) with two changes of direction; (C) on uneven ground; and (D) while additionally flipping switches. Path length and width were constant across tasks. MI ability was also measured with the Controllability of Motor Imagery Test, in which body parts have to be controlled and manipulated mentally. In addition, participants reported self-rated clarity of their MI in both tests after each trial. RESULTS Our data suggest no generalized alteration in MI of walking with different task requirements among older adults. A significant Age × Condition × Task interaction emerged, but this result could not be attributed to a specific task requirement in post-hoc tests. For controllability of MI, older adults showed alterations in imagining body postures. These results showed dissociation with the self-rated clarity in both tests. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that older adults show no age-related alterations in MI for familiar movements. Mental Training of familiar movements could therefore be feasible for older adults and enables promising intervention strategies.
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Sharma N, Baron JC. Effects of healthy ageing on activation pattern within the primary motor cortex during movement and motor imagery: an fMRI study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88443. [PMID: 24887402 PMCID: PMC4041563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in older adults over the coming decades will be accompanied by a greater burden of chronic neurological diseases affecting the motor system. The motor system adapts to maintain motor performance with the primary motor cortex (BA4) emerging as a pivotal node within this neuroplastic process. Studies of ageing often consider BA4 a homogenous area but cytoarchitectonic studies have revealed two subdivisions, an anterior (BA4a) and posterior subdivision (BA4p). Here we focus upon the effects of ageing on the involvement of BA4a and BA4p during movement and motor imagery (MI). Thirty-one right-handed healthy volunteers were recruited and screened for their ability to perform imagery (5 subjects excluded). The sample was split into an older group (n = 13, mean age 56.4 SD 9.4) and a younger group (n = 13, mean age 27.4 SD 5.3). We used an fMRI block-design (auditory-paced [1 Hz] right hand finger-thumb opposition sequence [2,3,4,5, 2...]) with MI & rest and actual movement & rest. We explored the distribution-based clustering and weighted laterality index within BA4a and BA4p. The involvement of BA4p during MI (measured with distribution-based clustering) was significantly greater in the older group (p<0.05) than in the younger group. Hemispheric balance of BA4p decreased with age during MI (Spearman rho -0.371; p<0.05), whereas that of BA4a decreased with age during actual movement (Spearman rho = -0.458 p<0.01). Irrespective of age, we found BA4 is involved during motor imagery, strengthening the rationale for its potential use in older subjects. These findings suggest that the functions of the subdivisions of BA4 are differentially affected by ageing and have implications regarding how ageing affects the cognitive processes underlying motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Sharma
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jean-Claude Baron
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hopital Sainte-Anne, Université, Paris, France
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Paizis C, Skoura X, Personnier P, Papaxanthis C. Motor Asymmetry Attenuation in Older Adults during Imagined Arm Movements. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:49. [PMID: 24688468 PMCID: PMC3960501 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laterality is an important feature of motor behavior. Several studies have shown that lateralization in right-handed young adults (i.e., right versus left arm superiority) emerges also during imagined actions, that is when an action is internally simulated without any motor output. Such information, however, is lacking for elderly people and it could be valuable to further comprehend the evolution of mental states of action in normal aging. Here, we evaluated the influence of age on motor laterality during mental actions. Twenty-four young (mean age: 24.7 ± 4.4 years) and 24 elderly (mean age: 72.4 ± 3.6 years) participants mentally simulated and actually executed pointing movements with either their dominant-right or non-dominant-left arm in the horizontal plane. We recorded and analyzed the time of actual and mental movements and looked for differences between groups and arms. In addition, electromyographic activity from arm muscle was recorded to quantify any enhancement in muscle activation during mental actions. Our findings indicated that both groups mentally simulated arm movements without activating the muscles of the right or the left arm above the baseline level. This finding suggests that young and, notably, elderly adults are able to generate covert actions without any motor output. We found that manual asymmetries (i.e., faster movements with the right arm) were preserved in young adults for both actual and mental movements. In elderly adults, manual asymmetries were observed for actual but not for mental movements (i.e., equal movement times for both arms). These findings clearly indicate an age-related reduction of motor laterality during mental actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Paizis
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Dijon , France ; Sport Science Faculty, Center for Performance Expertise G. Cometti, University of Burgundy , Dijon , France
| | - Xanthi Skoura
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Dijon , France
| | - Pascaline Personnier
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Dijon , France
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Dijon , France
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Greiner J, Schoenfeld MA, Liepert J. Assessment of mental chronometry (MC) in healthy subjects. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 58:226-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maguinness C, Setti A, Roudaia E, Kenny RA. Does that look heavy to you? Perceived weight judgment in lifting actions in younger and older adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:795. [PMID: 24324423 PMCID: PMC3839046 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When interpreting other people's movements or actions, observers may not only rely on the visual cues available in the observed movement, but they may also be able to "put themselves in the other person's shoes" by engaging brain systems involved in both "mentalizing" and motor simulation. The ageing process brings changes in both perceptual and motor abilities, yet little is known about how these changes may affect the ability to accurately interpret other people's actions. Here we investigated the effect of ageing on the ability to discriminate the weight of objects based on the movements of actors lifting these objects. Stimuli consisted of videos of an actor lifting a small box weighing 0.05-0.9 kg or a large box weighting 3-18 kg. In a four-alternative forced-choice task, younger and older participants reported the perceived weight of the box in each video. Overall, older participants were less sensitive than younger participants in discriminating the perceived weight of lifted boxes, an effect that was especially pronounced in the small box condition. Weight discrimination performance was better for the large box compared to the small box in both groups, due to greater saliency of the visual cues in this condition. These results suggest that older adults may require more salient visual cues to interpret the actions of others accurately. We discuss the potential contribution of age-related changes in visual and motor function on the observed effects and suggest that older adults' decline in the sensitivity to subtle visual cues may lead to greater reliance on visual analysis of the observed scene and its semantic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrina Maguinness
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Ireland ; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
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Drawing lines while imagining circles: Neural basis of the bimanual coupling effect during motor execution and motor imagery. Neuroimage 2013; 88:100-12. [PMID: 24188808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
When people simultaneously draw lines with one hand and circles with the other hand, both trajectories tend to assume an oval shape, showing that hand motor programs interact (the so-called "bimanual coupling effect"). The aim of the present study was to investigate how motor parameters (drawing trajectories) and the related brain activity vary during bimanual movements both in real execution and in motor imagery tasks. In the 'Real' modality, subjects performed right hand movements (lines) and, simultaneously, Congruent (lines) or Non-congruent (circles) left hand movements. In the 'Imagery' modality, subjects performed only right hand movements (lines) and, simultaneously, imagined Congruent (lines) or Non-congruent (circles) left hand movements. Behavioral results showed a similar interference of both the real and the imagined circles on the actually executed lines, suggesting that the coupling effect also pertains to motor imagery. Neuroimaging results showed that a prefrontal-parietal network, mostly involving the pre-Supplementary Motor Area (pre-SMA) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), was significantly more active in Non-congruent than in Congruent conditions, irrespective of task (Real or Imagery). The data also confirmed specific roles of the right superior parietal lobe (SPL) in mediating spatial interference, and of the left PPC in motor imagery. Collectively, these findings suggest that real and imagined Non-congruent movements activate common circuits related to the intentional and predictive operation generating bimanual coupling, in which the pre-SMA and the PPC play a crucial role.
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