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Farokhi Boroujeni S, Rodriguez G, Galpin K, Yakubovich E, Murshed H, Ibrahim D, Asif S, Vanderhyden BC. BRCA1 and BRCA2 deficient tumour models generate distinct ovarian tumour microenvironments and differential responses to therapy. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:231. [PMID: 38017453 PMCID: PMC10683289 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials are currently exploring combinations of PARP inhibitors and immunotherapies for the treatment of ovarian cancer, but their effects on the ovarian tumour microenvironment (TME) remain unclear. Here, we investigate how olaparib, PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, and their combination can influence TME composition and survival of tumour-bearing mice. We further explored how BRCA deficiencies can influence the response to therapy. Olaparib and combination therapies similarly improved the median survival of Brca1- and Brca2-deficient tumour-bearing mice. Anti-PD-L1 monotherapy improved the survival of mice with Brca1-null tumours, but not Brca2-null tumours. A detailed analysis of the TME revealed that olaparib monotherapy resulted in a large number of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory effects in the more inflamed Brca1-deficient TME but not Brca2-deficient tumours. Anti-PD-L1 treatment was mostly immunosuppressive, resulting in a systemic reduction of cytokines and a compensatory increase in PD-L1 expression. The results of the combination therapy generally resembled the effects of one or both of the monotherapies, along with unique changes observed in certain immune populations. In-silico analysis of RNA-seq data also revealed numerous differences between Brca-deficient tumour models, such as the expression of genes involved in inflammation, angiogenesis and PD-L1 expression. In summary, these findings shed light on the influence of novel therapeutics and BRCA mutations on the ovarian TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Farokhi Boroujeni
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Galaxia Rodriguez
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kristianne Galpin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Edward Yakubovich
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Humaira Murshed
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Dalia Ibrahim
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sara Asif
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Locatelli M, Faure-Dupuy S. Virus hijacking of host epigenetic machinery to impair immune response. J Virol 2023; 97:e0065823. [PMID: 37656959 PMCID: PMC10537592 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00658-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA hypermethylation, histone acetylation/methylation, or nucleosome positioning, result in differential gene expression. These modifications can have an impact on various pathways, including host antiviral immune responses. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of epigenetic modifications induced by viruses to counteract host antiviral immune responses, which are crucial for establishing and maintaining infection of viruses. Finally, we provide insights into the potential use of epigenetic modulators in combating viral infections and virus-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Locatelli
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
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Deng T, Zheng H, Zhu Y, Liu M, He G, Li Y, Liu Y, Wu J, Cheng H. Emerging Trends and Focus in Human Skin Microbiome Over the Last Decade: A Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2153-2173. [PMID: 37583484 PMCID: PMC10424697 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s420386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Human skin microbiome is the first barrier against exogenous attack and is associated with various skin disease pathogenesis and progression. Advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies have paved the way for a deeper understanding of this field. Based on the bibliometric analysis, this investigation aimed to identify the hotspots and future research trends associated with human skin microbiomes studied over the past decade. Methods The published research on skin microbiome from January 2013 to January 2023 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Data cleaning processes to ensure robust data and the bibliometrix packages R, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Origin, and Scimago Graphica for bibliometric and visual analyses were utilized. Results A total of 1629 published documents were analyzed. The overall publication trend steadily increased, with relatively fast growth in 2017 and 2020. The United States of America has the highest number of publications and citations and shows close collaborations with China and Germany. The University of California, San Diego, indicated a higher number of publications than other institutions and the fastest growth rate. The top three most publishing journals on this topic are Microorganisms, Frontiers in Microbiology, and Experimental dermatology. Gallo RL is the most influential author with the highest h- and g-index and most publications in skin microecology, followed by Grice EA and Kong HH. The top 10 most frequently used keywords in recent years included skin microbiome, microbiome, staphylococcus aureus, diversity, atopic dermatitis, skin, bacteria, infections, gut microbiota, and disease. Conclusion The skin microbiome is an area of research that requires continuous analysis, and even with much-achieved progress, future research will further be aided as technology develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghan Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology/Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjin He
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingping Wu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610075, People’s Republic of China
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Antonopoulou T, Kanakousaki E, Dimitropoulos C, Manidakis N, Athanassakis I. Aberrant expression of T cell receptors in monocyte/macrophage RAW 264.7 cells: FCγRII/III compensates the need for CD3. Mol Immunol 2023; 157:167-175. [PMID: 37028131 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally T-cell receptors (TCRs) have so far been considered as a T-lymphocyte privilege. However, recent findings also place TCR expression in non-lymphoid cells, namely neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages. In order to examine the ectopic expression of TCR, this study focused on RAW 264.7 cells, which have been broadly used for their macrophage properties. Immunofluorescence staining detected 70% and 40% of the cells to express TCRαβ and TCRγδ respectively, which was also verified by RT-PCR experiments and confocal microscopy analysis. Interestingly, except from the predicted 292 and 288 bp gene products for the α- and γ-chain, additional products at 220 and 550 bp could be detected, respectively. RAW 264.7 cells also expressed the co-stimulatory CD4 and CD8 markers at a percentage of 61% and 14% respectively, which supported the expression of TCRs. However, only low numbers of cells expressed CD3ε and CD3ζ (9% and 7% respectively). Such observations contradicted the existing knowledge, and indicated that TCRs would be supported by other molecules for reaching the membrane and transducing their signal. Such candidate molecules could be the Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). Indeed, the FcγRII/III receptor was found to be expressed in 75% of the cells, which also expressed at a percentage of 25% major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Engagement of the FcγRII/III receptor by a recombinant IgG2aCH2 fragment, except from stimulating the macrophage-dependent properties of the cells, was shown to reduce expression of TCRαβ and γδ indicating that FcγRII/III was indeed used by TCRs for their transport to the cell membrane. In order to examine the ability of RAW 264.7 cells to simultaneously display antigen presenting- and T-cell properties, functional experiments as to antigen-specific antibody and IL-2 production were performed. In in vitro immunization assays in the presence of naïve B cells, RAW264.7 failed to promote antibody production. However, RAW 264.7 cells could compete with antigen-stimulated macrophages but not T cells when applied to a system of in vivo antigen-sensitized cells followed by an in vitro immunization protocol. Interestingly, simultaneous addition of antigen and the IgG2aCH2 fragment to RAW 264.7 cells could promote IL-2 production from the cells, indicating that FcγRII/III activation could also support TCR stimulation. Extrapolating these findings to cells of the myeloid origin, the above results dictate novel regulatory mechanisms towards the alteration of the immune response.
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Lewis DA, Ly T. Cell Cycle Entry Control in Naïve and Memory CD8 + T Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727441. [PMID: 34692683 PMCID: PMC8526999 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play important roles in immunity and immuno-oncology. Upon antigen recognition and co-stimulation, naïve CD8+ T cells escape from dormancy to engage in a complex programme of cellular growth, cell cycle entry and differentiation, resulting in rapid proliferation cycles that has the net effect of producing clonally expanded, antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). A fraction of activated T cells will re-enter dormancy by differentiating into memory T cells, which have essential roles in adaptive immunity. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of cell cycle entry control in CD8+ T cells and crosstalk between these mechanisms and pathways regulating immunological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Lewis
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Ly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Sattler A, Schrezenmeier E, Weber UA, Potekhin A, Bachmann F, Straub-Hohenbleicher H, Budde K, Storz E, Proß V, Bergmann Y, Thole LM, Tizian C, Hölsken O, Diefenbach A, Schrezenmeier H, Jahrsdörfer B, Zemojtel T, Jechow K, Conrad C, Lukassen S, Stauch D, Lachmann N, Choi M, Halleck F, Kotsch K. Impaired humoral and cellular immunity after SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 (tozinameran) prime-boost vaccination in kidney transplant recipients. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:150175. [PMID: 34101623 PMCID: PMC8279581 DOI: 10.1172/jci150175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel mRNA-based vaccines have been proven to be powerful tools in combating the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, with BNT162b2 (trade name: Comirnaty) efficiently protecting individuals from COVID-19 across a broad age range. Still, it remains largely unknown how renal insufficiency and immunosuppressive medication affect development of vaccine-induced immunity. We therefore comprehensively analyzed humoral and cellular responses in kidney transplant recipients after the standard second vaccination dose. As opposed to all healthy vaccinees and the majority of hemodialysis patients, only 4 of 39 and 1 of 39 transplanted individuals showed IgA and IgG seroconversion at day 8 ± 1 after booster immunization, with minor changes until day 23 ± 5, respectively. Although most transplanted patients mounted spike-specific T helper cell responses, frequencies were significantly reduced compared with those in controls and dialysis patients and this was accompanied by a broad impairment in effector cytokine production, memory differentiation, and activation-related signatures. Spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses were less abundant than their CD4+ counterparts in healthy controls and hemodialysis patients and almost undetectable in transplant patients. Promotion of anti-HLA antibodies or acute rejection was not detected after vaccination. In summary, our data strongly suggest revised vaccination approaches in immunosuppressed patients, including individual immune monitoring for protection of this vulnerable group at risk of developing severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Schrezenmeier
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike A. Weber
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Potekhin
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- MVZ Diaverum Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Bachmann
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henriette Straub-Hohenbleicher
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Storz
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery and
| | | | | | | | - Caroline Tizian
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Hölsken
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH, Berlin, Germany
- Heidelberg Bioscience International Graduate School, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg—Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg—Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Diana Stauch
- HLA Laboratory, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Lachmann
- HLA Laboratory, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mira Choi
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Halleck
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Lai YP, Kuo LC, Lin BR, Lin HJ, Lin CY, Chen YT, Hsiao PW, Chang HT, Ko PCI, Chen HC, Chang HY, Lu J, Ho HN, Wu-Hsieh BA, Kung JT, Chen SC. CD28 engagement inhibits CD73-mediated regulatory activity of CD8 + T cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:595. [PMID: 34011962 PMCID: PMC8134507 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CD28 is required for T cell activation as well as the generation of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg. It is unclear, however, how CD28 costimulation affects the development of CD8+ T cell suppressive function. Here, by use of Hepa1.6.gp33 in vitro killing assay and B16.gp33 tumor mouse model we demonstrate that CD28 engagement during TCR ligation prevents CD8+ T cells from becoming suppressive. Interestingly, our results showed that ectonucleotidase CD73 expression on CD8+ T cells is upregulated in the absence of CD28 costimulation. In both murine and human tumor-bearing hosts, CD73 is upregulated on CD28-CD8+ T cells that infiltrate the solid tumor. UPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that CD8+ T cells activation without CD28 costimulation produces elevated levels of adenosine and that CD73 mediates its production. Adenosine receptor antagonists block CD73-mediated suppression. Our data support the notion that CD28 costimulation inhibits CD73 upregulation and thereby prevents CD8+ T cells from becoming suppressive. This study uncovers a previously unidentified role for CD28 costimulation in CD8+ T cell activation and suggests that the CD28 costimulatory pathway can be a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Ping Lai
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Cheng Kuo
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Been-Ren Lin
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lin
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Patrick Chow-In Ko
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chin Chen
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Chang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Lu
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan ,grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Betty A. Wu-Hsieh
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John T. Kung
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Chen
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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IFN-γ Critically Enables the Intratumoural Infiltration of CXCR3 + CD8 + T Cells to Drive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Regression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092131. [PMID: 33925140 PMCID: PMC8124943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is prevalent in aged individuals and individuals with compromised or weakened immune systems, indicating a close association between immune function and SCC control. The aim of our study was to uncover the identity of key immune subsets that mediate SCC control, and to elucidate the mechanistic role of the proinflammatory cytokine Interferon-gamma in this process. We established a SCC regressor model, which we used to determine that: (1) CD8+ T cells, not CD4+ T cells or NK cells, are essential for SCC regression; (2) the neutralisation of Interferon-gamma prevents CD8+ T cell infiltration and SCC regression; (3) CD8+ T cell migration into SCC critically depends upon Interferon-gamma-induced chemokine expression. Thus, our model can be used to understand the key immune mechanisms involved in SCC regression, which will support targeted investigations into the integrity of these mechanisms in patients with progressive disease. Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced tumours carry a high mutational load, are highly immunogenic, and often fail to grow when transplanted into normal, syngeneic mice. The aim of this study was to investigate factors critical for the immune-mediated rejection of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In our rejection model, transplanted SCC establish and grow in mice immunosuppressed with tacrolimus. When tacrolimus is withdrawn, established SCC tumours subsequently undergo immune-mediated tumour rejection. Through the depletion of individual immune subsets at the time of tacrolimus withdrawal, we established a critical role for CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, γδ T cells, or NK cells, in driving the regression of SCC. Regression was critically dependent on IFN-γ, although IFN-γ was not directly cytotoxic to SCC cells. IFN-γ-neutralisation abrogated SCC regression, significantly reduced CD8+ T cell-infiltration into SCC, and significantly impaired the secretion of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CCL5 within the tumour microenvironment. A strong positive correlation was revealed between CXCL10 expression and CD8+ T cell abundance in tumours. Indeed, blockade of the CXCL10 receptor CXCR3 at the time of tacrolimus withdrawal prevented CD8+ T cell infiltration and the regression of SCC. Chimeric models revealed an important role for immune cells as producers of IFN-γ, but not as recipients of IFN-γ signals via the IFN-γ receptor. Together, these findings suggest a key role for IFN-γ in driving the expression of chemokines within the tumour environment essential for the destruction of established SCC by CD8+ T cells.
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Chamucero-Millares JA, Bernal-Estévez DA, Parra-López CA. Usefulness of IL-21, IL-7, and IL-15 conditioned media for expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells from healthy donor-PBMCs suitable for immunotherapy. Cell Immunol 2020; 360:104257. [PMID: 33387685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clonal anergy and depletion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells are characteristics of immunosuppressed patients such as cancer and post-transplant patients. This has promoted translational research on the adoptive transfer of T cells to restore the antigen-specific cellular immunity in these patients. In the present work, we compared the capability of PBMCs and two types of mature monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) to prime and to expand ex-vivo antigen-specific CD8+ T cells using culture conditioned media supplemented with IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21. The data obtained suggest that protocols involving moDCs are as efficient as PBMCs-based cultures in expanding antigen-specific CD8+ T cell to ELA and CMV model epitopes. These three gamma common chain cytokines promote the expansion of naïve-like and central memory CD8+ T cells in PBMCs-based cultures and the expansion of effector memory T cells when moDCs were used. Our results provide new insights into the use of media supplemented with IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 for the in-vitro expansion of early-differentiated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells for immunotherapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián A Chamucero-Millares
- Immunology and Translational Medicine Research Group, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, South-America, Colombia; Immunology and Clinical Oncology Research Group, Fundación Salud de los Andes, Calle 44 #58-05, Bogotá, South-America, Colombia.
| | - David A Bernal-Estévez
- Immunology and Clinical Oncology Research Group, Fundación Salud de los Andes, Calle 44 #58-05, Bogotá, South-America, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Parra-López
- Immunology and Translational Medicine Research Group, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, South-America, Colombia.
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Effect of asbestos exposure on differentiation and function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:59. [PMID: 33032525 PMCID: PMC7545898 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos exposure is known to cause malignant mesothelioma, which is associated with poor prognosis. We focused on and examined the effect of asbestos exposure on the differentiation and function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). CTLs have the ability to specifically attack tumor cells after being differentiated from naïve CD8+ T cells following antigen stimulation. Exposure to chrysotile B asbestos suppressed the differentiation of CTLs during the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and was associated with a decrease in proliferation of CD8+ T cells. Additionally, in an effort to investigate the mechanism associated with suppressed CTL differentiation upon exposure to asbestos, we focused on IL-2, a cytokine involved in T cell proliferation. Our findings indicated that insufficient levels of IL-2 are not the main cause for the suppressed induction of CTLs by asbestos exposure, although they suggest potential improvement in the suppressed CTL function. Furthermore, the functional properties of peripheral blood CD8+ lymphocytes from asbestos-exposed individuals with pleural plaque (PP) and patients with malignant mesothelioma (MM) were examined. MM patients showed lower perforin levels in CD8+ lymphocytes following stimulation compared with PP-positive individuals. The production capacity of IFN-γ in the MM group tended to be lower compared with healthy volunteers or PP-positive individuals. In an effort to determine whether chronic and direct asbestos exposure affected the function of CD8+ T cells, cultured human CD8+ T cells were employed as an in vitro model and subjected to long-term exposure to chrysotile (CH) asbestos. This resulted in decreased levels of intracellular perforin and secreted IFN-γ. Those findings underlie the possibility that impaired CD8+ lymphocyte function is caused by asbestos exposure, which fail to suppress the development of MM. Our studies therefore reveal novel effects of asbestos exposure on CTLs, which might contribute towards the development and implementation of an effective strategy for the prevention and cure of malignant mesothelioma.
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Chen SC, Wu PC, Wang CY, Kuo PL. Evaluation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated anticancer response against tumor interstitium-simulating physical barriers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13662. [PMID: 32788651 PMCID: PMC7423901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) is a promising agent for cancer therapy. Most solid tumors are characterized by increased interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and dense collagen capsule, which form physical barriers to impede cancer treatment. However, it remains unclear how CTL-mediated anticancer response is affected at the presence of these obstacles. Using a microfluidic-based platform mimicking these obstacles, we investigated the migration characteristics and performance of anticancer response of CTLs targeting hepatic cancer cells via antigen-specific and allogeneic recognition. The device consisted of slit channels mimicking the narrow interstitial paths constrained by the fibrous capsule and increased IFP was simulated by applying hydrostatic pressure to the tumor center. We found that antigen-specificity of CTLs against the targeted cancer cells determined the cytotoxic efficacy of the CTLs but did not significantly affect the success rate in CTLs that attempted to infiltrate into the tumor center. When increased IFP was present in the tumor center, CTL recruitment to tumor peripheries was promoted but success of infiltration was hindered. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating the physical characteristics of tumor interstitum into the development of CTL-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ling Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
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12
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Sciullo PD, Menay F, Cocozza F, Gravisaco MJ, Waldner CI, Mongini C. Systemic administration of imiquimod as an adjuvant improves immunogenicity of a tumor-lysate vaccine inducing the rejection of a highly aggressive T-cell lymphoma. Clin Immunol 2019; 203:154-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Huang H, Zhang M, Yao S, Zhang M, Peng J. Immune modulation of a lipid-soluble extract of Pinellia pedatisecta Schott in the tumor microenvironment of an HPV + tumor-burdened mouse model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:103-115. [PMID: 29783020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pinellia pedatisecta Schott extract (PE), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to reduce swelling, dry dampness and suppress cervical tumors. AIMS To evaluate the roles of PE in the regulation of anti-tumor effects and the cellular immune response in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS The immune microenvironment of HPV+TC-1 tumors was examined by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that PE in vitro could significantly increase the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis in HPV+TC-1 cells and block the cell cycle phase. In vivo treatment with PE eradicated established subcutaneous HPV+TC-1 tumors in wild-type C57BL/6 mice by infiltrating CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells and by directly suppressing tumor growth and resistance to avascular necrosis. The key factors in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in the experimental group (PE+mDC+naive CD4+T cells) were challenged, and the levels of beta-catenin, C-myc, cyclin D1 and PPAR1 were significantly enhanced at the 5th day. In particular, the subset proportion of Th1 cells (characterized by IFNγ production and the transcription factor Tbet) increased significantly, and both Th2 cells (characterized by IL-4 production and the transcription factor GATA3) and Th17 cells (characterized by IL-17 production and the transcription factor RoRγt) decreased profoundly. CONCLUSIONS These findings linked the anti-tumor properties of PE with the immune microenvironment to present a reliable basis for the future practical application of PE in cervical cancer as a novel and pharmacologically safe immunotherapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032
| | - Sheng Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032
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The Suppressed Induction of Human Mature Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Caused by Asbestos Is Not due to Interleukin-2 Insufficiency. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7484872. [PMID: 27975069 PMCID: PMC5126420 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7484872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that exposure to chrysotile B (CB) asbestos suppressed the induction of mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during mixed lymphocyte reaction assays (MLRs) with a decrease in the proliferation of immature CTLs. However, the mechanism responsible for the effect of asbestos fibers on the differentiation of CTLs remains unclear. Since interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a regulator of T lymphocyte proliferation, we examined the effect of IL-2 addition on suppressed CTL differentiation in CB-exposed cultures using flow cytometry (FCM). When IL-2 was added at 1 ng/mL on the second day of MLRs, the asbestos-caused decreases in the proliferation and percentages of CD25+ and CD45RO+ cells in CD8+ lymphocytes were not recovered by IL-2 addition, although the decrease in percentage of granzyme B+ cells was partially recovered. CD8+ lymphocytes from the IL-2-treated culture with asbestos showed the same degree of cytotoxicity as those in cultures without IL-2 or asbestos. These findings indicate that IL-2 insufficiency is not the main cause for the suppressed induction of CTLs by asbestos exposure, although they suggest a potential for the improvement of such suppressed CTL functions. Secretory factors other than IL-2 in addition to membrane-bound stimulatory molecules may play a role in asbestos-caused suppressed CTL differentiation.
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15
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Lhomme E, Richert L, Moodie Z, Pasin C, Kalams SA, Morgan C, Self S, De Rosa SC, Thiébaut R. Early CD4+ T Cell Responses Are Associated with Subsequent CD8+ T Cell Responses to an rAd5-Based Prophylactic Prime-Boost HIV Vaccine Strategy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152952. [PMID: 27124598 PMCID: PMC4849671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Initial evaluation of a candidate vaccine against HIV includes an assessment of the vaccine’s ability to generate immune responses. However, the dynamics of vaccine-induced immune responses are unclear. We hypothesized that the IFN-γ producing cytotoxic CD8+ (CD8+ IFN-γ+) T cell responses could be predicted by early IL-2 producing CD4+ (CD4+ IL-2+) helper T cell responses, and we evaluated this hypothesis using data from a phase I/II prophylactic HIV vaccine trial. The objective was to assess the dynamics and correlations between CD4+ IL-2+ T cell and CD8+ IFN-γ+ T cell responses after vaccination with a recombinant adenoviral serotype 5 (rAd5) HIV vaccine. Methods We analyzed data from the HVTN 068 HIV vaccine trial, which evaluated the immunogenicity of two different strategies for prime and boost vaccination (rAd5-rAd5 vaccine versus DNA-rAd5) in 66 healthy volunteers. Spearman correlations between immunogenicity markers across time-points were calculated. CD8+ IFN-γ+ T cell response in the rAd5-rAd5 arm was modeled as a function of CD4+ IL-2+ T cell response and time using mixed effects regression models. Results Moderate to high correlations (r = 0.48–0.76) were observed in the rAd5-rAd5 arm between the CD4+ IL-2+ T cell response at week 2 and later CD8+ IFN-γ+ T cell responses (weeks 2–52). Regression models confirmed this relationship with a significant association between the two markers: for a 1.0% increase in CD4+ IL-2+ T cells at week 2 post-prime, a 0.3% increase in CD8+ IFN-γ+ T cell responses across subsequent time points, including post-boost time points, was observed (p<0.01). Conclusion These results suggest an early and leading role of CD4+ T cells in the cellular response to the rAd5-rAd5 vaccine and in particular the stimulation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses. These results could inform better timing of CD4+ T cell measurements in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Lhomme
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de santé publique, Bordeaux, France
- INRIA SISTM, Talence, France
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Laura Richert
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de santé publique, Bordeaux, France
- INRIA SISTM, Talence, France
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
| | - Chloé Pasin
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- INRIA SISTM, Talence, France
| | - Spyros A. Kalams
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Morgan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
| | - Steve Self
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de santé publique, Bordeaux, France
- INRIA SISTM, Talence, France
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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Shorter SK, Schnell FJ, McMaster SR, Pinelli DF, Andargachew R, Evavold BD. Viral Escape Mutant Epitope Maintains TCR Affinity for Antigen yet Curtails CD8 T Cell Responses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149582. [PMID: 26915099 PMCID: PMC4767940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells have the remarkable ability to recognize antigen with great specificity and in turn mount an appropriate and robust immune response. Critical to this process is the initial T cell antigen recognition and subsequent signal transduction events. This antigen recognition can be modulated at the site of TCR interaction with peptide:major histocompatibility (pMHC) or peptide interaction with the MHC molecule. Both events could have a range of effects on T cell fate. Though responses to antigens that bind sub-optimally to TCR, known as altered peptide ligands (APL), have been studied extensively, the impact of disrupting antigen binding to MHC has been highlighted to a lesser extent and is usually considered to result in complete loss of epitope recognition. Here we present a model of viral evasion from CD8 T cell immuno-surveillance by a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) escape mutant with an epitope for which TCR affinity for pMHC remains high but where the antigenic peptide binds sub optimally to MHC. Despite high TCR affinity for variant epitope, levels of interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4) are not sustained in response to the variant indicating differences in perceived TCR signal strength. The CD8+ T cell response to the variant epitope is characterized by early proliferation and up-regulation of activation markers. Interestingly, this response is not maintained and is characterized by a lack in IL-2 and IFNγ production, increased apoptosis and an abrogated glycolytic response. We show that disrupting the stability of peptide in MHC can effectively disrupt TCR signal strength despite unchanged affinity for TCR and can significantly impact the CD8+ T cell response to a viral escape mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla K. Shorter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Frederick J. Schnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sean R. McMaster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David F. Pinelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rakieb Andargachew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Evavold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lagman M, Ly J, Saing T, Kaur Singh M, Vera Tudela E, Morris D, Chi PT, Ochoa C, Sathananthan A, Venketaraman V. Investigating the causes for decreased levels of glutathione in individuals with type II diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118436. [PMID: 25790445 PMCID: PMC4366217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an eminent global burden with one third of the world’s population latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). Individuals with compromised immune systems are especially vulnerable to M. tb infection. In fact, individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are two to three times more susceptible to TB than those without T2DM. In this study, we report that individuals with T2DM have lower levels of glutathione (GSH) due to compromised levels of GSH synthesis and metabolism enzymes. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), a cytokine that is known to decrease the expression of the catalytic subunit of glutamine-cysteine ligase (GCLC) was found in increased levels in the plasma samples from individuals with T2DM, explaining the possible underlying mechanism that is responsible for decreased levels of GSH in individuals with T2DM. Moreover, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were observed in plasma samples isolated from individuals with T2DM. Increased levels of IL-6 and IL-17 was accompanied by enhanced production of free radicals further indicating an alternative mechanism for the decreased levels of GSH in individuals with T2DM. Augmenting the levels of GSH in macrophages isolated from individuals with T2DM resulted in improved control of M. tb infection. Furthermore, cytokines that are responsible for controlling M. tb infection at the cellular and granuloma level such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-12 (IL-12), were found to be compromised in plasma samples isolated from individuals with T2DM. On the other hand, interleukin-10 (IL-10), an immunosuppressive cytokine was increased in plasma samples isolated from individuals with T2DM. Overall, these findings suggest that lower levels of GSH in individuals with T2DM lead to their increased susceptibility to M. tb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minette Lagman
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Judy Ly
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Tommy Saing
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Manpreet Kaur Singh
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Enrique Vera Tudela
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Devin Morris
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Po-Ting Chi
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Cesar Ochoa
- Western Diabetes Institute, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | | | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Chen SC, Su YC, Lu YT, Ko PCI, Chang PY, Lin HJ, Ho HN, Lai YP. Defects in the acquisition of tumor-killing capability of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109961. [PMID: 25390652 PMCID: PMC4229103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidences have shown that diabetes mellitus not only raises risk but also heightens mortality rate of cancer. It is not clear, however, whether antitumor CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is down-modulated in diabetic hosts. We investigated the impact of hyperglycemia on CTLs' acquisition of tumor-killing capability by utilizing streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-diabetic) mice. Murine diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (200 mg/kg) in C57BL/6 mice, 2C-T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic and P14-TCR transgenic mice. The study found that, despite harboring intact proliferative capacity measured with CFSE labeling and MTT assay, STZ-diabetic CD8+ CTLs displayed impaired effector functions. After stimulation, STZ-diabetic CD8+ CTLs produced less perforin and TNFα assessed by intracellular staining, as well as expressed less CD103 protein. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of STZ-diabetic P14 CD8+ effector cells showed an insufficient recruitment to the B16.gp33 melanoma and inadequate production of perforin, granzyme B and TNFα determined by immunohistochemistry in the tumor milieu. As a result, STZ-diabetic CD8+ effector cells were neither able to eliminate tumor nor to improve survival of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our data suggest that CD8+ CTLs are crippled to infiltrate into tumors and thus fail to acquire tumor-killing capability in STZ-diabetic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Su
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Patrick Chow-In Ko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Ping Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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19
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Tu E, Chia PZC, Chen W. TGFβ in T cell biology and tumor immunity: Angel or devil? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:423-35. [PMID: 25156420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionally conserved transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) affects multiple cell types in the immune system by either stimulating or inhibiting their differentiation and function. Studies using transgenic mice with ablation of TGFβ or its receptor have revealed the biological significance of TGFβ signaling in the control of T cells. However, it is now clear that TGFβ is more than an immunosuppressive cytokine. Disruption of TGFβ signaling pathway also leads to impaired generation of certain T cell populations. Therefore, in the normal physiological state, TGFβ actively maintains T cell homeostasis and regulates T cell function. However, in the tumor microenvironment, TGFβ creates an immunosuppressive milieu that inhibits antitumor immunity. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the roles of TGFβ in the regulation of T cells and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pei Zhi Cheryl Chia
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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20
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Jung HR, Song KH, Chang JT, Doh J. Geometrically controlled asymmetric division of CD4+ T cells studied by immunological synapse arrays. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91926. [PMID: 24632942 PMCID: PMC3954838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to stem cells, naïve T cells undergo asymmetric division following activation. While asymmetric division of T cells has been shown to be an important mechanism for the generation of lymphocyte fate diversity during immune responses, key factors that influence whether T cells will undergo symmetric or asymmetric divisions are not completely understood. Here, we utilized immunological synapse arrays (ISAs) to begin to dissect mechanisms of asymmetric T lymphocyte division. ISAs are protein micropatterned surfaces composed of two segregated regions, activation sites and adhesion fields. Activation sites are small spots presenting activation signals such as anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, and adhesion fields are the remaining regions surrounding activation sites immobilized with interintercel adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). By varying the size and the distance between the activation sites and measuring the incidence of asymmetric cell divisions, we found that the distance between activation sites is an important regulator of asymmetric division. Further analysis revealed that more symmetric divisions occurred when two nascent daughter cells stably interacted with two distinct activation sites throughout and following cytokinesis. In contrast, more asymmetric divisions occurred when only one daughter cell remained anchored on an activation site while the other daughter became motile and moved away following cytokinesis. Together, these results indicate that TCR signaling events during cytokinesis may repolarize key molecules for asymmetric partitioning, suggesting the possibility that the density of antigen presenting cells that interact with T cells as they undergo cytokinesis may be a critical factor regulating asymmetric division in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ryul Jung
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I-Bio), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Kwang Hoon Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - John T. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JTC); (JD)
| | - Junsang Doh
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I-Bio), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
- * E-mail: (JTC); (JD)
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21
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Shaw VE, Naisbitt DJ, Costello E, Greenhalf W, Park BK, Neoptolemos JP, Middleton GW. Current status of GV1001 and other telomerase vaccination strategies in the treatment of cancer. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:1007-16. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ranji N, Sadeghizadeh M, Shokrgozar MA, Bakhshandeh B, Karimipour M, Amanzadeh A, Azadmanesh K. MiR-17-92 cluster: an apoptosis inducer or proliferation enhancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 380:229-38. [PMID: 23681423 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Study of the non-coding RNA roles in the regulation of adaptive immune responses through T cells could be the basis of novel therapeutic applications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that control the cell's functions and destination. To investigate the role of miRNAs in T cell activation, herein the expressions of miR-17-92 cluster and its paralogs were studied in naïve CD4(+)T cells that were activated by anti-CD2, -CD3, -CD28 microbeads and induced with or without IL-2. Proliferation and apoptosis rate of the cultured cells were determined by BrdU incorporation assay (ELISA) and propidium iodide staining, respectively. In continuation the expressions of eight miRNAs of the mentioned clusters were analyzed quantitatively. In addition their potential targets were predicted using multiple algorithms; as a confirmation, the transcription of PIK3R3 (a putative target of modulated miRNAs) was evaluated. Stimulation index (SI) of activated cells was decreased on day 6; whereas, the IL-2 induced cells showed increase in SI in the assay time. Evaluation of eight members of the aforementioned cluster showed upregulation of miR-92a-2* (~15 times) in IL-2 un-induced (activated) cells relative to the IL-2 induced cells. In silico investigations revealed that the suggested miRNAs targeted genes that were involved in cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Transcriptional analysis of PIK3R3 illustrated decrease in activated cells relative to IL-2 induced cells. According to our findings, it seems that multiple members of miR-17-92 families in activated CD4(+)T cells inhibited negative regulators of IL-2 such as DUSP, PTPN, and SOCS families after IL-2 induction. According to our findings, it seems that multiple genes of cell proliferation-related families such as MAPK, E2F, AKT, STAT, and JAK as well as PIK3R3 are inhibited by miR-17-92 cluster in activated cells. As FASL is a putative target of over-expressed miRNAs in activated cell, antigen-induced cell death (AICD) might be occurred in FASL-independent manner. Altogether this study suggested that clonal expansion through IL-2 signaling pathway does not depend on the members of miR-17-92 family; while, it appears that AICD in activated CD4(+)T cells without IL-2 induction is affected by these miRNA clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Ranji
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 1477893855, Tehran, Iran.
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Pedersen GK, Madhun AS, Breakwell L, Hoschler K, Sjursen H, Pathirana RD, Goudsmit J, Cox RJ. T-Helper 1 Cells Elicited by H5N1 Vaccination Predict Seroprotection. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:158-66. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Garedew A, Andreassi C, Moncada S. Mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and function are coordinated with the cell cycle by APC/C CDH1. Cell Metab 2012; 15:466-79. [PMID: 22482729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is associated with a high rate of aerobic glycolysis, which has been widely interpreted as a compensatory mechanism for suppressed mitochondrial function, despite reports of high respiration rates. The molecular mechanisms that link cell proliferation with mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics, and biogenesis remain obscure. Here, we show that proliferation is associated with an increase in both glycolysis and respiration, in conjunction with mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis. Changes in mitochondrial morphology and mass are due to accumulation of OPA1, MFN1, and TFAM, silencing any of which hinders cell proliferation. Moreover, the levels of OPA1, MFN1, and TFAM are regulated by the ubiquitin ligase APC/C(CDH1), which also controls proteasomal degradation of key glycolytic, glutaminolytic, and cell-cycle proteins. Thus, we have identified an important component of the molecular mechanism that coordinates cell proliferation with activation of the mitochondrial metabolic machinery that provides the necessary energy and biosynthetic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assegid Garedew
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.
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25
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Jackaman C, Nelson DJ. Intratumoral interleukin-2/agonist CD40 antibody drives CD4+ -independent resolution of treated-tumors and CD4+ -dependent systemic and memory responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:549-60. [PMID: 22002241 PMCID: PMC11029634 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting interleukin-2 (IL-2) and/or agonist anti-CD40 antibody (Ab) into tumors represents an effective vaccination strategy that avoids systemic toxicity and resolves treated-site tumors. Here, we examined IL-2 and/or anti-CD40 Ab-driven local versus systemic T cell function and the installation of T cell memory. Single tumor studies showed that IL-2 induced a potent CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response that was limited to the draining lymph node and treated-site tumor, and lymph node tumor-specific CD8+ T cells did not upregulate CD44. A two-tumor model showed that while IL-2-treated-site tumors resolved, distal tumors continued to grow, implying limited systemic immunity. In contrast, anti-CD40 Ab treatment with or without IL-2 expanded the systemic T cell response to non-draining lymph nodes, and distal tumors resolved. Tumor-specific T cells in lymph nodes of anti-CD40 Ab ± IL-2-treated mice upregulated CD44, demonstrating activation and transition to effector/memory migratory cells. While CD40-activated CD4+ T cells were not required for eradicating treated-site tumors, they, plus CD8+ T cells, were crucial for removing distal tumors. Rechallenge/depletion experiments showed that the effector/memory phase required the presence of previously CD40/IL-2-activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to prevent recurrence. These novel findings show that different T cell effector mechanisms can operate for the eradication of local treated-site tumors versus untreated distal tumors and that signaling through CD40 generates a whole of body, effector/memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response that is amplified and prolonged via IL-2. Thus, successful immunotherapy needs to generate collaborating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells for a complete long-term protective cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Jackaman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Immunology and Cancer Group, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
- Western Australia Biomedical Research Institute, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
| | - Delia J. Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Immunology and Cancer Group, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
- Western Australia Biomedical Research Institute, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
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26
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Cheung KW, Sze DMY, Chan WK, Deng RX, Tu W, Chan GCF. Brazilian green propolis and its constituent, Artepillin C inhibits allogeneic activated human CD4 T cells expansion and activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:463-471. [PMID: 21964192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has long been used as a popular folk medicine by various ethnic groups due to its wide spectrum of alleged biological and pharmaceutical properties including anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory functions. All these can be linked to the modulation of immune function. Therefore, it will be relevant for us to find out whether there is any novel compound that can account for such action and the mechanism involved. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the immune modulating effect of Brazilian green propolis (PBrazil) and its constituent Artepillin C (Art-C) by using mixed leukocytes reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic effect of Art-C on non-tumorigenic human liver cell line miHA and non-tumorigenic human kidney cell line HK-2 as well as human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured by XTT cell proliferation assay. The effect of PBrazil and Art-C on T cell proliferation and activation were determined by using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and by CD25 expression, respectively. Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukins such as IL-2, IL-17 were measured by intracellular cytokine staining and IL-10 was measured by ELISA. The effect of PBrazil and Art-C on regulatory T cells (Treg) induction was determined by the Foxp3 expression. The apoptotic effect of these compounds on CFSE labeled alloreactive T cells was measured by using Annexin V. RESULTS Using mixed leukocytes reaction we demonstrated for the first time that both Art-C and PBrazil significantly inhibited the alloreactive CD4 T cell proliferation, activation, and suppressed the expressions of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17 in these alloreactive CD4 T cells. The inhibitions of Art-C and PBrazil on CD4 T cells were not due to direct cytotoxic effect on PBMC or inducing regulatory T cells differentiation. Both Art-C and PBrazil were found to selectively induce apoptosis in proliferating T cells. The anti-proliferative effect of Art-C and PBrazil were reversible and were also applied to the activated T cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results indicated that Art-C and PBrazil can suppress alloreactive CD4 T cell responses in vitro, suggesting that Art-C could be used as a potential immunosuppressant, either solely or as adjunct agent in treating graft versus host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Wai Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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27
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Abstract
Activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells has long been regarded as a major antitumor mechanism of the immune system. Emerging evidence suggests that CD4+ T cells are required for the generation and maintenance of effective CD8+ cytotoxic and memory T cells, a phenomenon known as CD4+ T-cell help. CD4+ T-cell help facilitates the optimal expansion, trafficking, and effector function of CD8+ T cells, thereby enhancing tumor destruction. In addition, a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (TRegs), effectively hampers anti-tumor immune responses, which has been proposed to be one of the major tumor immune evasion mechanisms. Here, we review recent advances in deciphering how anti-tumor immune responses are orchestrated by CD4+ T cells. We will also discuss the immunotherapeutic potential of CD4+ T-cell manipulation in anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Ping Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jiuan Jeng
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 122, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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28
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Steenblock ER, Fadel T, Labowsky M, Pober JS, Fahmy TM. An artificial antigen-presenting cell with paracrine delivery of IL-2 impacts the magnitude and direction of the T cell response. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34883-92. [PMID: 21849500 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.276329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) are an emerging technology to induce therapeutic cellular immunity without the need for autologous antigen-presenting cells (APCs). To fully replace natural APCs, an optimized aAPC must present antigen (signal 1), provide costimulation (signal 2), and release cytokine (signal 3). Here we demonstrate that the spatial and temporal characteristics of paracrine release of IL-2 from biodegradable polymer aAPCs (now termed paAPCs) can significantly alter the balance in the activation and proliferation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Paracrine delivery of IL-2 upon T cell contact with paAPCs induces significant IL-2 accumulation in the synaptic contact region. This accumulation increases CD25 (the inducible IL-2 Rα chain) on responding T cells and increases proliferation of CD8+ T cells in vitro to levels 10 times that observed with equivalent amounts of bulk IL-2. These CD8+ T cell responses critically depend upon close contact of T cells and the paAPCs and require sustained release of low levels of IL-2. The same conditions promote activation-induced cell death in CD4+ T cells. These findings provide insight into the response of T cell subsets to paracrine IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Steenblock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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29
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Klyuchnikov E, Sputtek A, Slesarchuk O, Lioznov M, Stübig T, Bacher U, Amtsfeld G, Merle E, Reckhaus ML, Fehse B, Wolschke C, Adjallé R, Ayuk F, Zander A, Kröger N. Purification of CD4+ T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011; 17:374-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Bos R, Sherman LA. CD4+ T-cell help in the tumor milieu is required for recruitment and cytolytic function of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8368-77. [PMID: 20940398 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD4 help for CD8(+) T lymphocytes prevents tolerance and promotes the survival of effector and memory CD8(+) T cells. Here, we describe additional helper functions that require CD4(+) T cells within the tumor environment. CD8(+) T-cell recruitment, proliferation, and effector function within the tumor were greatly enhanced by tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells. Recruitment of CD8(+) T cells was accelerated by IFN-γ-dependent production of chemokines. Production of interleukin-2 by tumor resident CD4(+) T cells enhanced CD8(+) T-cell proliferation and upregulated expression of granzyme B. These results highlight a novel role for tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells in promoting CD8(+) T-cell recruitment and cytolytic function, two previously unappreciated aspects of tumor-specific CD4 help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinke Bos
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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