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Analysis of hepatic transcriptome modulation exerted by γ-conglutin from lupins in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. Gene 2020; 761:145036. [PMID: 32777525 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lupinus albus γ-conglutin is proposed to positively affect glucose metabolism through inhibition of hepatic glucose production and insulin-mimetic activity; however, the action mechanism is not entirely known. Besides, most studies had focused on its effect on molecular targets directly related to glucose metabolism, and few studies have investigated how γ-conglutin may affect the liver gene expression or if it plays a role in other metabolic processes. Therefore, we investigated the influence of γ-conglutin on the liver transcriptome of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using DNA microarrays, ontological analyses, and quantitative PCR. Of the 22,000 genes evaluated, 803 and 173 were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. The ontological analyses of the differentially expressed genes revealed that among others, the mitochondria, microtubules, cytoskeleton, and oxidoreductase activity terms were enriched, implying a possible role of γ-conglutin on autophagy. To corroborate the microarray results, we selected and quantified, by PCR, the expression of two genes associated with autophagy (Atg7 and Snx18) and found their expression augmented two and threefold, respectively; indicating a higher autophagy activity in animals treated with γ-conglutin. Although complementary studies are required, our findings indicate for the first time that the hypoglycaemic effects of γ-conglutin may involve an autophagy induction mechanism, a pivotal process for the preservation of cell physiology and glucose homeostasis.
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Peixoto JVC, Santos ASR, Corso CR, da Silva FS, Capote A, Ribeiro CD, Abreu BJDGA, Acco A, Fogaça RH, Dias FAL. Thirty-day experimental diabetes impairs contractility and increases fatigue resistance in rat diaphragm muscle associated with increased anti-oxidative activity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:490-497. [PMID: 32243773 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that can generate tissue damage through several pathways. Alteration and dysfunction of skeletal muscle are reported including respiratory muscles, which may compromise respiratory parameters in diabetic patients. We have aimed to evaluate the diaphragm muscle contractility, tissue remodeling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters from 30 day streptozotocin-treated rats. The diaphragm contractility was assessed using isolated muscle, tissue remodeling using histology and zymography techniques, and tissue oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters by enzyme activity assay. Our data revealed in the diabetes mellitus group an increase in maximum tetanic force (4.82 ± 0.13 versus 4.24 ± 0.18 N/cm2 (p = 0.015)) and fatigue resistance (139.16 ± 10.78 versus 62.25 ± 4.45 s (p < 0.001)), reduction of 35.4% in muscle trophism (p < 0.001), increase of 32.6% of collagen deposition (p = 0.007), reduction of 21.3% in N-acetylglucosaminidase activity (p < 0.001), and increase of 246.7% of catalase activity (p = 0.002) without changes in reactive oxygen species (p = 0.518) and tissue lipid peroxidation (p = 0.664). All observed changes are attributed to the poor glycemic control (471.20 ± 16.91 versus 80.00 ± 3.42 mg/dL (p < 0.001)), which caused defective tissue regeneration and increased catalase activity as a compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Capelli Peixoto
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Antônio Sérgio Rocha Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rita Corso
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Flavio Santos da Silva
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Av. Francisco Mota 572, Pres. Costa e Silva, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Andrielle Capote
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Cibele Dias Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Bento João da Graça Azevedo Abreu
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Candelária, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59064-741, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Rosalvo Hochmueller Fogaça
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lavezzo Dias
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
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Wei H, Hu Q, Wu J, Yao C, Xu L, Xing F, Zhao X, Yu S, Wang X, Chen G. Molecular mechanism of the increased tissue uptake of trivalent inorganic arsenic in mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:393-399. [PMID: 29890131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is associated with several adverse health outcomes, and people with diabetes may be more susceptible to arsenic. In this study, we found that arsenic levels in some tissues such as liver, kidney, and heart but not lung of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice were higher than in those of normal mice after a single oral dose of arsenic trioxide for 2 h. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the increased tissue uptake of trivalent inorganic arsenic in mice with T1DM. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the mammalian arsenic transporters aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in T1DM mice and compare them with those in normal mice. Results showed that the levels of AQP9 and GLUT1 mRNA and protein were higher in T1DM mouse liver than in the normal one. The levels of AQP7 mRNA and protein were higher in T1DM mouse kidney. In the heart, we observed that the levels of AQP7 and GLUT1 mRNA and protein were higher in T1DM mice, but the levels of AQP9 mRNA and protein in the lung had no significant difference between both mice. These results suggested that T1DM may increase the expression of transporters of trivalent inorganic arsenic and thus increase the arsenic uptake in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qiaoyun Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junxia Wu
- The Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Chenjuan Yao
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima-Shi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Lingfei Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fengjun Xing
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Polyploidy and nuclear phenotype characteristics of cardiomyocytes from diabetic adult and normoglycemic aged mice. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:84-94. [PMID: 29241633 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of polyploid nuclei in the aging human heart is in sharp contrast with that in the human liver. An inverse pattern exists between the mouse heart and liver cells. Ploidy degrees in mouse hepatocytes under hyperglycemic conditions are elevated to higher levels than those in aged hepatocytes. In this study, image analysis cytometry was used to investigate the effect of diabetes and aging on Feulgen-DNA quantities, ploidy degrees, nuclear shapes and chromatin texture in mouse cardiomyocytes compared to previously reported data for mouse hepatocytes. Adult, non-obese diabetic (NOD) hyperglycemic and normoglycemic females and 56-week-old normoglycemic BALB/c females were used. A small percentage (∼7%) of the cardiomyocyte nuclei in severely hyperglycemic NOD adult mice possessed higher ploidy values than those in the 8-week-old normoglycemic mice. Surprisingly, the Feulgen-DNA values and the frequency of nuclei belonging to the 4C and 8C ploidy classes were even higher (∼6%) in normoglycemic NOD specimens than in age-matched hyperglycemic NOD specimens. Additionally, a pronounced elongated nuclear shape was observed especially in adult normoglycemic NOD mice. In conclusion, NOD mice, irrespective of their glycemic level, exhibit a moderate increase in ploidy degrees within cardiomyocyte nuclei during the adult lifetime. As expected, aging did not affect the Feulgen-DNA values and the ploidy degrees of cardiomyocytes in BALB/c mice. The differences in ploidy degrees and chromatin textures such as absorbance variability and entropy, between adult NOD and aged BALB/c mice are consistent with other reports, indicating dissimilarities in chromatin functions between diabetes and aging.
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Lukaszuk B, Miklosz A, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Wojcik B, Gorski J, Chabowski A. Changes in the Diaphragm Lipid Content after Administration of Streptozotocin and High-Fat Diet Regime. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3437169. [PMID: 29234684 PMCID: PMC5694988 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3437169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped skeletal muscle indispensable for breathing. Its activity contributes up to 70% of the total ventilatory function at rest. In comparison to other skeletal muscles, it is distinguished by an oxidative phenotype and uninterrupted cyclic contraction pattern. Surprisingly, the research regarding diaphragm diabetic phenotype particularly in the light of lipid-induced insulin resistance is virtually nonexistent. Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: control, streptozotocin-induced (STZ) type-1 diabetes, and rodents fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Additionally, half of the animals from each group were administered with myriocin, a robust, selective inhibitor of ceramide synthesis and, therefore, a potent agent ameliorating insulin resistance. Diaphragm lipid contents were evaluated using chromatography. Fatty acid transporter expression was determined by Western blot. The STZ and HFD rats had increased concentration of lipids, namely, ceramides (CER) and diacylglycerols (DAG). Interestingly, this coincided with an increased concentration of long-chain (C ≥ 16) saturated fatty acid species present in both the aforementioned lipid fractions. The CER/DAG accumulation was accompanied by an elevated fatty acid transporter expression (FATP-1 in HFD and FATP-4 in STZ). Surprisingly, we observed a significantly decreased triacylglycerol content in the diaphragms of STZ-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Lukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Miklosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Beata Wojcik
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Gorski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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van Lunteren E, Moyer M. Gene expression of sternohyoid and diaphragm muscles in type 2 diabetic rats. BMC Endocr Disord 2013; 13:43. [PMID: 24199937 PMCID: PMC3851765 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes differs from type 1 diabetes in its pathogenesis. Type 1 diabetic diaphragm has altered gene expression which includes lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, ubiquitination and oxidoreductase activity. The objectives of the present study were to assess respiratory muscle gene expression changes in type 2 diabetes and to determine whether they are greater for the diaphragm than an upper airway muscle. METHODS Diaphragm and sternohyoid muscle from Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were analyzed with Affymetrix gene expression arrays. RESULTS The two muscles had 97 and 102 genes, respectively, with at least ± 1.5-fold significantly changed expression with diabetes, and these were assigned to gene ontology groups based on over-representation analysis. Several significantly changed groups were common to both muscles, including lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, muscle contraction, ion transport and collagen, although the number of genes and the specific genes involved differed considerably for the two muscles. In both muscles there was a shift in metabolism gene expression from carbohydrate metabolism toward lipid metabolism, but the shift was greater and involved more genes in diabetic diaphragm than diabetic sternohyoid muscle. Groups present in only diaphragm were blood circulation and oxidoreductase activity. Groups present in only sternohyoid were immune & inflammation and response to stress & wounding, with complement genes being a prominent component. CONCLUSION Type 2 diabetes-induced gene expression changes in respiratory muscles has both similarities and differences relative to previous data on type 1 diabetes gene expression. Furthermore, the diabetic alterations in gene expression differ between diaphragm and sternohyoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik van Lunteren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Division, Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes, Cleveland, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michelle Moyer
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Division, Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes, Cleveland, USA
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Layered signaling regulatory networks analysis of gene expression involved in malignant tumorigenesis of non-resolving ulcerative colitis via integration of cross-study microarray profiles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67142. [PMID: 23825635 PMCID: PMC3692446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) was the most frequently diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and closely linked to colorectal carcinogenesis. By far, the underlying mechanisms associated with the disease are still unclear. With the increasing accumulation of microarray gene expression profiles, it is profitable to gain a systematic perspective based on gene regulatory networks to better elucidate the roles of genes associated with disorders. However, a major challenge for microarray data analysis is the integration of multiple-studies generated by different groups. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, firstly, we modeled a signaling regulatory network associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation via integration of cross-study microarray expression data sets using Empirical Bayes (EB) algorithm. Secondly, a manually curated human cancer signaling map was established via comprehensive retrieval of the publicly available repositories. Finally, the co-differently-expressed genes were manually curated to portray the layered signaling regulatory networks. Results Overall, the remodeled signaling regulatory networks were separated into four major layers including extracellular, membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, which led to the identification of five core biological processes and four signaling pathways associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. As a result, our biological interpretation highlighted the importance of EGF/EGFR signaling pathway, EPO signaling pathway, T cell signal transduction and members of the BCR signaling pathway, which were responsible for the malignant transition of CRC from the benign UC to the aggressive one. Conclusions The present study illustrated a standardized normalization approach for cross-study microarray expression data sets. Our model for signaling networks construction was based on the experimentally-supported interaction and microarray co-expression modeling. Pathway-based signaling regulatory networks analysis sketched a directive insight into colorectal carcinogenesis, which was of significant importance to monitor disease progression and improve therapeutic interventions.
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Zhang F, Xu X, Zhang Y, Zhou B, He Z, Zhai Q. Gene expression profile analysis of type 2 diabetic mouse liver. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57766. [PMID: 23469233 PMCID: PMC3585940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis, and impaired hepatic glucose metabolism contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes. However, the precise gene expression profile of diabetic liver and its association with diabetes and related diseases are yet to be further elucidated. In this study, we detected the gene expression profile by high-throughput sequencing in 9-week-old normal and type 2 diabetic db/db mouse liver. Totally 12132 genes were detected, and 2627 genes were significantly changed in diabetic mouse liver. Biological process analysis showed that the upregulated genes in diabetic mouse liver were mainly enriched in metabolic processes. Surprisingly, the downregulated genes in diabetic mouse liver were mainly enriched in immune-related processes, although all the altered genes were still mainly enriched in metabolic processes. Similarly, KEGG pathway analysis showed that metabolic pathways were the major pathways altered in diabetic mouse liver, and downregulated genes were enriched in immune and cancer pathways. Analysis of the key enzyme genes in fatty acid and glucose metabolism showed that some key enzyme genes were significantly increased and none of the detected key enzyme genes were decreased. In addition, FunDo analysis showed that liver cancer and hepatitis were most likely to be associated with diabetes. Taken together, this study provides the digital gene expression profile of diabetic mouse liver, and demonstrates the main diabetes-associated hepatic biological processes, pathways, key enzyme genes in fatty acid and glucose metabolism and potential hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhishui He
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Pan PW, Parkkila AK, Autio S, Hilvo M, Sormunen R, Pastorekova S, Pastorek J, Haapasalo H, Parkkila S. Brain phenotype of carbonic anhydrase IX-deficient mice. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:163-76. [PMID: 21547424 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary observations have suggested mild behavioral changes and a morphological disruption of brain histology in 1.5-year-old carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX)-deficient (Car9 (-/-)) mice. These findings led us to design a 1-year follow-up study in which the behavior and brain histology of Car9 (-/-) and wild-type mice were monitored. Morphological analysis revealed vacuolar degenerative changes in the brains of Car9 (-/-) mice. The changes became visible at the age of eight to ten months. Behavioral tests showed that the Car9 (-/-) mice exhibited abnormal locomotor activity and poor performance in a memory test. To further identify the transcriptomic responses to CA IX deficiency in the brain, genome-wide cDNA microarray analyses were performed. Thirty-one and 37 genes were significantly up- or down-regulated, respectively, in the brain of Car9 (-/-) mice compared to the wild-type mice. Functional annotation revealed that the genes with increased expression were involved in several processes, such as RNA metabolism, and the genes with reduced expression were implicated in other important processes, including the regulation of cellular ion homeostasis. Notably, the biological processes "behavior" and "locomotory behavior" were the two prominent terms overrepresented among the down-regulated genes, which is consistent with the behavioral phenotype. These results suggest that CA IX may directly or indirectly play novel functions in brain tissue. Furthermore, the brain phenotype of Car9 (-/-) mice seems to be age-dependent. The results indicate that the functional changes precede the microscopic alterations in the brains of Car9 (-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-wen Pan
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
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Gene expression programs of mouse endothelial cells in kidney development and disease. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12034. [PMID: 20706631 PMCID: PMC2919381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are remarkably heterogeneous in both morphology and function, and they play critical roles in the formation of multiple organ systems. In addition endothelial cell dysfunction can contribute to disease processes, including diabetic nephropathy, which is a leading cause of end stage renal disease. In this report we define the comprehensive gene expression programs of multiple types of kidney endothelial cells, and analyze the differences that distinguish them. Endothelial cells were purified from Tie2-GFP mice by cell dissociation and fluorescent activated cell sorting. Microarrays were then used to provide a global, quantitative and sensitive measure of gene expression levels. We examined renal endothelial cells from the embryo and from the adult glomerulus, cortex and medulla compartments, as well as the glomerular endothelial cells of the db/db mutant mouse, which represents a model for human diabetic nephropathy. The results identified the growth factors, receptors and transcription factors expressed by these multiple endothelial cell types. Biological processes and molecular pathways were characterized in exquisite detail. Cell type specific gene expression patterns were defined, finding novel molecular markers and providing a better understanding of compartmental distinctions. Further, analysis of enriched, evolutionarily conserved transcription factor binding sites in the promoters of co-activated genes begins to define the genetic regulatory network of renal endothelial cell formation. Finally, the gene expression differences associated with diabetic nephropathy were defined, providing a global view of both the pathogenic and protective pathways activated. These studies provide a rich resource to facilitate further investigations of endothelial cell functions in kidney development, adult compartments, and disease.
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Salvi N, Guellich A, Michelet P, Demoule A, Le Guen M, Renou L, Bonne G, Riou B, Langeron O, Coirault C. Upregulation of PPARbeta/delta is associated with structural and functional changes in the type I diabetes rat diaphragm. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11494. [PMID: 20628611 PMCID: PMC2900215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is associated with alterations in peripheral striated muscles and cardiomyopathy. We examined diaphragmatic function and fiber composition and identified the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR alpha and beta/delta) as a factor involved in diaphragm muscle plasticity in response to type I diabetes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Streptozotocin-treated rats were studied after 8 weeks and compared with their controls. Diaphragmatic strips were stimulated in vitro and mechanical and energetic variables were measured, cross bridge kinetics assessed, and the effects of fatigue and hypoxia evaluated. Morphometry, myosin heavy chain isoforms, PPAR alpha and beta/delta gene and protein expression were also assessed. Diabetes induced a decrease in maximum velocity of shortening (-14%, P<0.05) associated with a decrease in myosin ATPase activity (-49%, P<0.05), and an increase in force (+20%, P<0.05) associated with an increase in the number of cross bridges (+14%, P<0.05). These modifications were in agreement with a shift towards slow myosin heavy chain fibers and were associated with an upregulation of PPARbeta/delta (+314% increase in gene and +190% increase in protein expression, P<0.05). In addition, greater resistances to fatigue and hypoxia were observed in diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Type I diabetes induced complex mechanical and energetic changes in the rat diaphragm and was associated with an up-regulation of PPARbeta/delta that could improve resistance to fatigue and hypoxia and favour the shift towards slow myosin heavy chain isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Salvi
- UMRS INSERM 956, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Aziz Guellich
- UMRS INSERM 974, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Michelet
- UMRS INSERM 956, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Demoule
- UMRS INSERM 974, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- Department of Pneumology, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Morgan Le Guen
- UMRS INSERM 956, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Laure Renou
- UMR CNRS 7215, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- UMRS INSERM 974, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 7215, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Bruno Riou
- UMRS INSERM 956, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Olivier Langeron
- UMRS INSERM 956, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Catherine Coirault
- UMRS INSERM 974, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 7215, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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