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Safdar R, Mishra A, Shah GM, Ashraf MZ. Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 modulations in the genesis of thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:743-753. [PMID: 38787496 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis, a coagulation disorder, occurs due to altered levels of coagulation, fibrinolytic and immune factors, which are otherwise known to maintain hemostasis in normal physiological conditions. Here, we review the direct and indirect participation of a multifunctional nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) in the expression of key genes and cellular processes involved in thrombotic pathogenesis. PARP1 biological activities range from maintenance of genomic integrity, chromatin remodeling, base excision DNA repair, stress responses to cell death, angiogenesis and cell cycle pathways. However, under homeostatic imbalances, PARP1 activities are linked with the pathogenesis of diseases, including cancer, aging, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Disease-associated distressed cells employ a variety of PARP-1 functions such as oxidative damage exacerbations, cellular energetics and apoptosis pathways, regulation of inflammatory mediators, promotion of endothelial dysfunction, and ERK-mediated signaling in pathogenesis. Thrombosis is one such pathogenesis that comprises exacerbation of coagulation cascade due to biochemical alterations in endothelial cells, platelet activation, overexpression of adhesion molecules, cytokines release, and leukocyte adherence. Thus, the activation of endothelial and inflammatory cells in thrombosis implicates a potential role of PARP1 activation in thrombogenesis. This review article explores the direct impact of PARP1 activation in the etiology of thrombosis and discusses PARP1-mediated endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and epigenetic regulations in the disease manifestation. Understanding PARP1 functions associated with thrombosis may elucidate novel pathogenetic mechanisms and help in better disease management through newer therapeutic interventions targeting PARP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raishal Safdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Mishra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Girish M Shah
- Neuroscience Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
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Qu HL, Sun LJ, Li X, Liu F, Sun HH, He XT, Gan D, Yin Y, Tian BM, Chen FM, Wu RX. Long non-coding RNA AC018926.2 regulates palmitic acid exposure-compromised osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells via the ITGA2/FAK/AKT pathway. Cell Prolif 2023:e13411. [PMID: 36720715 PMCID: PMC10392068 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for periodontitis, the influence of excessive fat accumulation on the development of periodontitis and periodontal recovery from disease remains largely unknown. This study investigated the cellular response of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to elevated levels of a specific fatty acid, namely, palmitic acid (PA). The mechanism by which PA exposure compromises the osteogenic potential of cells was also explored. It was found that exposure of PDLSCs to abundant PA led to decreased cell osteogenic differentiation. Given that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in the stem cell response to adverse environmental stimuli, we screened the lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in PDLSCs following PA exposure using lncRNA microarray analysis, and AC018926.2 was identified as the lncRNA that was most sensitive to PA. Next, gain/loss-of-function studies illustrated that AC018926.2 was an important regulator in PA-mediated osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Mechanistically, AC018926.2 upregulated integrin α2 (ITGA2) expression and therefore activated ITGA2/FAK/AKT signalling. Further functional studies revealed that inactivation of ITGA2/FAK/AKT signalling by silencing ITGA2 counteracted the pro-osteogenic effect induced by AC018926.2 overexpression. Moreover, the results of bioinformatics analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation assay suggested that AC018926.2 might transcriptionally regulate ITGA2 expression by binding to PARP1 protein. Our data suggest that AC018926.2 may serve as a therapeutic target for the management of periodontitis in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Qu
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Hua Sun
- Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Gan
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Min Tian
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xin Wu
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Jámbor K, Koroknai V, Kiss T, Szász I, Pikó P, Balázs M. Gene Expression Patterns of Osteopontin Isoforms and Integrins in Malignant Melanoma. PATHOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 28:1610608. [PMID: 36091936 PMCID: PMC9448871 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that physiologically interacts with different types of integrins. It is considered to be a possible prognostic biomarker in certain tumor types; however, various splicing isoforms exist, which have not been investigated in melanoma. We aimed to define the relative expression pattern of five OPN isoforms and clarify the prognostic significance of the splice variants in melanoma. We also aimed to investigate the expression pattern of eight integrins in the same tumors. Gene expression analyses revealed that the relative expression of OPNa, OPNb, and OPNc is significantly higher in metastatic tumors compared to primary lesions (p < 0.01), whereas the expression of OPN4 and OPN5 was low in both. The more aggressive nodular melanomas had higher expression levels compared to the superficial spreading subtype (p ≤ 0.05). The relative expression of the eight tested integrins was low, with only the expression of ITGB3 being detectable in nodular melanoma (Medianlog2 = 1.274). A positive correlation was found between Breslow thickness and the expression of OPNc variant, whereby thicker tumors (>4 mm) had significantly higher expression (p ≤ 0.05). The Breslow thickness was negatively correlated with the expression of OPN4, and similarly with ITGA2. OPNc also exhibited significant positive correlation with the presence of metastasis. Our data show that high expression of OPNa, OPNb, and especially OPNc and low expression of OPN4 and ITGA2 are associated with an advanced stage of tumor progression and poor prognosis in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Jámbor
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Koroknai
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tímea Kiss
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Szász
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Pikó
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Margit Balázs
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Margit Balázs,
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Nakamura N, Fujihara H, Kawaguchi K, Yamada H, Nakayama R, Yasukawa M, Kishi Y, Hamada Y, Masutani M. Possible Action of Olaparib for Preventing Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052527. [PMID: 35269669 PMCID: PMC8909974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment, the prognosis of oral cancer remains poor, and prevention of recurrence and metastasis is critical. Olaparib is a PARP1 inhibitor that blocks polyADP-ribosylation, which is involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristic of tumor recurrence. We explored the potential of olaparib in inhibiting cancer invasion in oral carcinoma using three oral cancer cell lines, HSC-2, Ca9-22, and SAS. Olaparib treatment markedly reduced their proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion. Furthermore, qRT-PCR revealed that olaparib inhibited the mRNA expression of markers associated with tumorigenesis and EMT, notably Ki67, Vimentin, β-catenin, MMP2, MMP9, p53, and integrin α2 and β1, while E-Cadherin was upregulated. In vivo analysis of tumor xenografts generated by injection of HSC-2 cells into the masseter muscles of mice demonstrated significant inhibition of tumorigenesis and bone invasion by olaparib compared with the control. This was associated with reduced expression of proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis, RANK and RANKL. Moreover, SNAIL and PARP1 were downregulated, while E-cadherin was increased, indicating the effect of olaparib on proteins associated with EMT in this model. Taken together, these findings confirm the effects of olaparib on EMT and bone invasion in oral carcinoma and suggest a new therapeutic strategy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (N.N.); (K.K.); (M.Y.); (Y.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Hisako Fujihara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (N.N.); (K.K.); (M.Y.); (Y.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Oral Hygiene, Tsurumi Junior College, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-580-8330; Fax: +81-45-581-1391
| | - Koji Kawaguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (N.N.); (K.K.); (M.Y.); (Y.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020-8050, Japan;
| | - Ryoko Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan;
| | - Masaaki Yasukawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (N.N.); (K.K.); (M.Y.); (Y.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuta Kishi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (N.N.); (K.K.); (M.Y.); (Y.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoshiki Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (N.N.); (K.K.); (M.Y.); (Y.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Frontier Life Science, Graduate School of Biochemical Science, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan;
- Division of Chemotherapy and Clinical Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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5
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Adorno-Cruz V, Liu H. Regulation and functions of integrin α2 in cell adhesion and disease. Genes Dis 2018; 6:16-24. [PMID: 30906828 PMCID: PMC6411621 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that are composed of an alpha (α) subunit and a beta (β) subunit with affinity for different extracellular membrane components. The integrin family includes 24 known members that actively regulate cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Each integrin heterodimer has a particular function in defined contexts as well as some partially overlapping features with other members in the family. As many reviews have covered the general integrin family in molecular and cellular studies in life science, this review will focus on the specific regulation, function, and signaling of integrin α2 subunit (CD49b, VLA-2; encoded by the gene ITGA2) in partnership with β1 (CD29) subunit in normal and cancer cells. Its roles in cell adhesion, cell motility, angiogenesis, stemness, and immune/blood cell regulations are discussed. The pivotal role of integrin α2 in many diseases such as cancer suggests its potential to be used as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Adorno-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pharmacology Graduate Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Zhao Q, Du Q, Wei F, Xie J, Ma X. An Infectious Disease-Associated Il12b Polymorphism Regulates IL-12/23 p40 Transcription Involving Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2935-2942. [PMID: 28219892 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-12 and IL-23 are important host defense factors produced by APCs against certain intracellular and extracellular pathogens. Their dysregulation has also been implicated in several autoimmune diseases. The nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of Il12b (rs41292470 consisting of the long or short allele) encoding the shared subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, p40, has been reported to associate with susceptibility to infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. How these genetic variants impact Il12b expression at the molecular level was unclear. We established an Il12b promoter-luciferase reporter system containing the long or short allele driving the reporter gene expression and found that the long allele (infection-resistant) displayed ∼2-fold higher transcriptional activity than the short allele (infection-susceptible), associated with a selective and differential nuclear binding activity to the two alleles in activated macrophages. DNA pull-down assays coupled with mass spectrometry analyses identified the specific DNA binding activity as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). Small hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of the endogenous PARP-1 expression resulted in reduced p40 mRNA expression and Il12b promoter activity. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from PARP-1-deficient mice had decreased p40 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, selective PARP-1 inhibitors resulted in impaired production of IL-12p40 and IL-23 in bone-marrow derived macrophages and PBMCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that PARP-1 could bind specifically to Il12b in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Our study opens the way for further elucidating the molecular mechanism whereby allele-specific immune responses to foreign and self-antigens mediated by IL-12/IL-23 are controlled in an individually variable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanju Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinglin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; and
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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7
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Qayyum R, Becker DM, Yanek LR, Faraday N, Vaidya D, Mathias R, Kral BG, Becker LC. Greater collagen-induced platelet aggregation following cyclooxygenase 1 inhibition predicts incident acute coronary syndromes. Clin Transl Sci 2014; 8:17-22. [PMID: 25066685 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Greater ex vivo platelet aggregation to agonists may identify individuals at risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). However, increased aggregation to a specific agonist may be masked by inherent variability in other activation pathways. In this study, we inhibited the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX1) pathway with 2-week aspirin therapy and measured residual aggregation to collagen and ADP to determine whether increased aggregation in a non-COX1 pathway is associated with incident ACS. We assessed ex vivo whole blood platelet aggregation in 1,699 healthy individuals with a family history of early-onset coronary artery disease followed for 6±1.2 years. Incident ACS events were observed in 22 subjects. Baseline aggregation was not associated with ACS. After COX1 pathway inhibition, collagen-induced aggregation was significantly greater in participants with ACS compared with those without (29.0 vs. 23.6 ohms, p < 0.001). In Cox proportional hazards models, this association remained significant after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (HR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.06-1.15; p < 0.001). In contrast, ADP-induced aggregation after COX1 inhibition was not associated with ACS. After COX1 pathway inhibition, subjects with greater collagen-induced platelet aggregation demonstrated a significant excess risk of incident ACS. These data suggest that platelet activation related to collagen may play an important role in the risk of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Qayyum
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Madamanchi A, Capozzi M, Geng L, Li Z, Friedman RD, Dickeson SK, Penn JS, Zutter MM. Mitigation of oxygen-induced retinopathy in α2β1 integrin-deficient mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:4338-47. [PMID: 24917135 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The α2β1 integrin plays an important but complex role in angiogenesis and vasculopathies. Published GWAS studies established a correlation between genetic polymorphisms of the α2β1 integrin gene and incidence of diabetic retinopathy. Recent studies indicated that α2-null mice demonstrate superior vascularization in both the wound and diabetic microenvironments. The goal of this study was to determine whether the vasculoprotective effects of α2-integrin deficiency extended to the retina, using the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS In the OIR model, wild-type (WT) and α2-null mice were exposed to 75% oxygen for 5 days (postnatal day [P] 7 to P12) and subsequently returned to room air for 6 days (P12-P18). Retinas were collected at postnatal day 7, day 13, and day 18 and examined via hematoxylin and eosin and Lectin staining. Retinas were analyzed for retinal vascular area, neovascularization, VEGF expression, and Müller cell activation. Primary Müller cell cultures from WT and α2-null mice were isolated and analyzed for hypoxia-induced VEGF-A expression. RESULTS In the retina, the α2β1 integrin was minimally expressed in endothelial cells and strongly expressed in activated Müller cells. Isolated α2-null primary Müller cells demonstrated decreased hypoxia-induced VEGF-A expression. In the OIR model, α2-null mice displayed reduced hyperoxia-induced vaso-attenuation, reduced pathological retinal neovascularization, and decreased VEGF expression as compared to WT counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the α2β1 integrin contributes to the pathogenesis of retinopathy. We describe a newly identified role for α2β1 integrin in mediating hypoxia-induced Müller cell VEGF-A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasakiran Madamanchi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Megan Capozzi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ling Geng
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Zhengzhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Richard D Friedman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - S Kent Dickeson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - John S Penn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Mary M Zutter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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9
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Madamanchi A, Santoro SA, Zutter MM. α2β1 Integrin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 819:41-60. [PMID: 25023166 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9153-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The α2β1 integrin, also known as VLA-2, GPIa-IIa, CD49b, was first identified as an extracellular matrix receptor for collagens and/or laminins [55, 56]. It is now recognized that the α2β1 integrin serves as a receptor for many matrix and nonmatrix molecules [35, 79, 128]. Extensive analyses have clearly elucidated the α2 I domain structural motifs required for ligand binding, and also defined distinct conformations that lead to inactive, partially active or highly active ligand binding [3, 37, 66, 123, 136, 137, 140]. The mechanisms by which the α2β1 integrin plays a critical role in platelet function and homeostasis have been carefully defined via in vitro and in vivo experiments [76, 104, 117, 125]. Genetic and epidemiologic studies have confirmed human physiology and disease states mediated by this receptor in immunity, cancer, and development [6, 20, 21, 32, 43, 90]. The role of the α2β1 integrin in these multiple complex biologic processes will be discussed in the chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasakiran Madamanchi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Brueggeman AJ, Gangadharaiah DS, Cserhati MF, Casero D, Weeks DP, Ladunga I. Activation of the carbon concentrating mechanism by CO2 deprivation coincides with massive transcriptional restructuring in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:1860-75. [PMID: 22634764 PMCID: PMC3442574 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.093435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A CO(2)-concentrating mechanism (CCM) is essential for the growth of most eukaryotic algae under ambient (392 ppm) and very low (<100 ppm) CO(2) concentrations. In this study, we used replicated deep mRNA sequencing and regulatory network reconstruction to capture a remarkable scope of changes in gene expression that occurs when Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells are shifted from high to very low levels of CO(2) (≤100 ppm). CCM induction 30 to 180 min post-CO(2) deprivation coincides with statistically significant changes in the expression of an astonishing 38% (5884) of the 15,501 nonoverlapping C. reinhardtii genes. Of these genes, 1088 genes were induced and 3828 genes were downregulated by a log(2) factor of 2. The latter indicate a global reduction in photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and energy-related biochemical pathways. The magnitude of transcriptional rearrangement and its major patterns are robust as analyzed by three different statistical methods. De novo DNA motif discovery revealed new putative binding sites for Myeloid oncogene family transcription factors potentially involved in activating low CO(2)-induced genes. The (CA)(n) repeat (9 ≤ n ≤ 25) is present in 29% of upregulated genes but almost absent from promoters of downregulated genes. These discoveries open many avenues for new research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Brueggeman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0665
| | | | - Matyas F. Cserhati
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0665
| | - David Casero
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Donald P. Weeks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0665
| | - Istvan Ladunga
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0665
- Address correspondence to
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Alexandrov BS, Valtchinov VI, Alexandrov LB, Gelev V, Dagon Y, Bock J, Kohane IS, Rasmussen KØ, Bishop AR, Usheva A. DNA dynamics is likely to be a factor in the genomic nucleotide repeats expansions related to diseases. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19800. [PMID: 21625483 PMCID: PMC3098838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trinucleotide repeats sequences (TRS) represent a common type of genomic DNA
motif whose expansion is associated with a large number of human diseases. The
driving molecular mechanisms of the TRS ongoing dynamic expansion across
generations and within tissues and its influence on genomic DNA functions are
not well understood. Here we report results for a novel and notable collective
breathing behavior of genomic DNA of tandem TRS, leading to propensity for large
local DNA transient openings at physiological temperature. Our Langevin
molecular dynamics (LMD) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations
demonstrate that the patterns of openings of various TRSs depend specifically on
their length. The collective propensity for DNA strand separation of repeated
sequences serves as a precursor for outsized intermediate bubble states
independently of the G/C-content. We report that repeats have the potential to
interfere with the binding of transcription factors to their consensus sequence
by altered DNA breathing dynamics in proximity of the binding sites. These
observations might influence ongoing attempts to use LMD and MCMC simulations
for TRS–related modeling of genomic DNA functionality in elucidating the
common denominators of the dynamic TRS expansion mutation with potential
therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boian S. Alexandrov
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New
Mexico, United States of America
| | - Vlad I. Valtchinov
- National Center for Biomedical Computing, Informatics for Integrating
Biology and the Bedside, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of
America
| | - Ludmil B. Alexandrov
- Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Gelev
- Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yossi Dagon
- Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Bock
- Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Isaac S. Kohane
- National Center for Biomedical Computing, Informatics for Integrating
Biology and the Bedside, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of
America
| | - Kim Ø. Rasmussen
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New
Mexico, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Bishop
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New
Mexico, United States of America
| | - Anny Usheva
- Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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