1
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Chen H, Zhou M, Zeng Y, Miao T, Luo H, Tong Y, Zhao M, Mu R, Gu J, Yang S, Han L. Biomimetic Lipopolysaccharide-Free Bacterial Outer Membrane-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105854. [PMID: 35355446 PMCID: PMC9165477 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) severely blocks the intracranial accumulation of most systemic drugs. Inspired by the contribution of the bacterial outer membrane to Escherichia coli K1 (EC-K1) binding to and invasion of BBB endothelial cells in bacterial meningitis, utilization of the BBB invasion ability of the EC-K1 outer membrane for brain-targeted drug delivery and construction of a biomimetic self-assembled nanoparticle with a surface featuring a lipopolysaccharide-free EC-K1 outer membrane are proposed. BBB penetration of biomimetic nanoparticles is demonstrated to occur through the transcellular vesicle transport pathway, which is at least partially dependent on internalization, endosomal escape, and transcytosis mediated by the interactions between outer membrane protein A and gp96 on BBB endothelial cells. This biomimetic nanoengineering strategy endows the loaded drugs with prolonged circulation, intracranial interstitial distribution, and extremely high biocompatibility. Based on the critical roles of gp96 in cancer biology, this strategy reveals enormous potential for delivering therapeutics to treat gp96-overexpressing intracranial malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Yuteng Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Haoyuan Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Yang Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Rui Mu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Jiang Gu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Shudi Yang
- Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of AgricultureSuzhou215008P. R. China
| | - Liang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
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2
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Chowdhury EA, Meno-Tetang G, Chang HY, Wu S, Huang HW, Jamier T, Chandran J, Shah DK. Current progress and limitations of AAV mediated delivery of protein therapeutic genes and the importance of developing quantitative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:214-237. [PMID: 33486008 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While protein therapeutics are one of the most successful class of drug molecules, they are expensive and not suited for treating chronic disorders that require long-term dosing. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated in vivo gene therapy represents a viable alternative, which can deliver the genes of protein therapeutics to produce long-term expression of proteins in target tissues. Ongoing clinical trials and recent regulatory approvals demonstrate great interest in these therapeutics, however, there is a lack of understanding regarding their cellular disposition, whole-body disposition, dose-exposure relationship, exposure-response relationship, and how product quality and immunogenicity affects these important properties. In addition, there is a lack of quantitative studies to support the development of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models, which can support the discovery, development, and clinical translation of this delivery system. In this review, we have provided a state-of-the-art overview of current progress and limitations related to AAV mediated delivery of protein therapeutic genes, along with our perspective on the steps that need to be taken to improve clinical translation of this therapeutic modality.
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Di Pasquale G, Perez Riveros P, Tora M, Sheikh T, Son A, Teos L, Grewe B, Swaim WD, Afione S, Zheng C, Jang SI, Shitara A, Alevizos I, Weigert R, Chiorini JA. Transduction of Salivary Gland Acinar Cells with a Novel AAV Vector 44.9. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 19:459-466. [PMID: 33294494 PMCID: PMC7689275 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The loss of salivary gland function caused by radiation therapy of the head and neck or autoimmune disease such as Sjögren's syndrome is a serious condition that affects a patient's quality of life. Due to the combined exocrine and endocrine functions of the salivary gland, gene transfer to the salivary glands holds the potential for developing therapies for disorders of the salivary gland and the expression of therapeutic proteins via the exocrine pathway to the mouth, upper gastrointestinal tract, or endocrine pathway, systemically, into the blood. Recent clinical success with viral vector-mediated gene transfer for the treatment of irradiation-induced damage to the salivary glands has highlighted the need for the development of novel vectors with acinar cell tropism able to result in stable long-term transduction. Previous studies with adeno-associated virus (AAV) focused on the submandibular gland and reported mostly ductal cell transduction. In this study, we have screened AAV vectors for acinar cell tropism in the parotid gland utilizing membrane-tomato floxed membrane-GFP transgenic mice to screen CRE recombinase encoding AAV vectors of different clades to rapidly identify capsid isolates able to transduce salivary gland acinar cells. We determined that AAVRh10 and a novel isolate found as a contaminant of a laboratory stock of simian adenovirus SV15, AAV44.9, are both able to transduce parotid and sublingual acinar cells. Persistence and localization of transduction of these AAVs were tested using vectors encoding firefly luciferase, which was detected 6 months after vector administration. Most luciferase expression was localized to the salivary gland compared to that of distal organs. Transduction resulted in robust secretion of recombinant protein in both blood and saliva. Transduction was species specific, with AAVRh10 having stronger transduction activity in rats compared with AAV44.9 or AAV2 but weaker in human primary salivary gland cells. This work demonstrates efficient transduction of parotid acinar cells by AAV that resulted in secretion of recombinant protein in both serum and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Pasquale
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paola Perez Riveros
- Salivary Gland Biology and Disorder Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Muhibullah Tora
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tayyab Sheikh
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aran Son
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leyla Teos
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brigitte Grewe
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William D. Swaim
- Salivary Gland Biology and Disorder Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandra Afione
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Changyu Zheng
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shyh-Ing Jang
- Salivary Gland Biology and Disorder Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Akiko Shitara
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ilias Alevizos
- Sjögren’s Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A. Chiorini
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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4
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Emmanuel SN, Mietzsch M, Tseng YS, Smith JK, Agbandje-McKenna M. Parvovirus Capsid-Antibody Complex Structures Reveal Conservation of Antigenic Epitopes Across the Family. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:3-17. [PMID: 32315582 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The parvoviruses are small nonenveloped single stranded DNA viruses that constitute members that range from apathogenic to pathogenic in humans and animals. The infection with a parvovirus results in the generation of antibodies against the viral capsid by the host immune system to eliminate the virus and to prevent re-infection. For members currently either being developed as delivery vectors for gene therapy applications or as oncolytic biologics for tumor therapy, efforts are aimed at combating the detrimental effects of pre-existing or post-treatment antibodies that can eliminate therapeutic benefits. Therefore, understanding antigenic epitopes of parvoviruses can provide crucial information for the development of vaccination applications and engineering novel capsids able to escape antibody recognition. This review aims to capture the information for the binding regions of ∼30 capsid-antibody complex structures of different parvovirus capsids determined to date by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction. The comparison of all complex structures revealed the conservation of antigenic regions among parvoviruses from different genera despite low sequence identity and indicates that the available data can be used across the family for vaccine development and capsid engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanan N Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mario Mietzsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yu Shan Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - James Kennon Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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5
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Kim CH. Viral Protein Interaction with Host Cells GSLs. GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS SIGNALING 2020:53-92. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-5807-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
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6
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Mietzsch M, Pénzes JJ, Agbandje-McKenna M. Twenty-Five Years of Structural Parvovirology. Viruses 2019; 11:E362. [PMID: 31010002 PMCID: PMC6521121 DOI: 10.3390/v11040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses, infecting vertebrates and invertebrates, are a family of single-stranded DNA viruses with small, non-enveloped capsids with T = 1 icosahedral symmetry. A quarter of a century after the first parvovirus capsid structure was published, approximately 100 additional structures have been analyzed. This first structure was that of Canine Parvovirus, and it initiated the practice of structure-to-function correlation for the family. Despite high diversity in the capsid viral protein (VP) sequence, the structural topologies of all parvoviral capsids are conserved. However, surface loops inserted between the core secondary structure elements vary in conformation that enables the assembly of unique capsid surface morphologies within individual genera. These variations enable each virus to establish host niches by allowing host receptor attachment, specific tissue tropism, and antigenic diversity. This review focuses on the diversity among the parvoviruses with respect to the transcriptional strategy of the encoded VPs, the advances in capsid structure-function annotation, and therapeutic developments facilitated by the available structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mietzsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Judit J Pénzes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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7
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Weber-Adrian D, Heinen S, Silburt J, Noroozian Z, Aubert I. The human brain endothelial barrier: transcytosis of AAV9, transduction by AAV2: An Editorial Highlight for 'Trafficking of adeno-associated virus vectors across a model of the blood-brain barrier; a comparative study of transcytosis and transduction using primary human brain endothelial cells'. J Neurochem 2016; 140:192-194. [PMID: 27976378 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Read the highlighted article 'Trafficking of adeno-associated virus vectors across a model of the blood-brain barrier; a comparative study of transcytosis and transduction using primary human brain endothelial cells' on page 216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Weber-Adrian
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Heinen
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Silburt
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zeinab Noroozian
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubert
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Advances in the transepithelial transport of nanoparticles. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1155-61. [PMID: 27196527 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium represents a barrier to the delivery of nanoparticles (NPs). It prevents intact NPs from efficiently crossing the mucosa to access the circulation, thus limiting the successful application of NP-based oral drug delivery. Recent advances in nanotechnology have provided promising solutions to this challenge. This review describes the potential intestinal absorption pathways of NPs, including the transenterocytic pathway, paracellular pathway and M-cell-mediated pathway. NP properties that influence transcytosis are summarized; and the biodistribution of NPs after oral absorption is described and the future prospects of novel NPs are explored.
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9
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Chiorini JA. And one to bind them all. Oral Dis 2016; 22:716-718. [PMID: 27109444 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A Chiorini
- AAV Biology Section Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Huang LY, Halder S, Agbandje-McKenna M. Parvovirus glycan interactions. Curr Opin Virol 2014; 7:108-18. [PMID: 25047752 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Parvoviridae utilize glycan receptors for cellular attachment and subsequent interactions determine transduction efficiency or pathogenic outcome. This review focuses on the identity of the glycan receptors utilized, their capsid binding footprints, and a discussion of the overlap of these sites with tropism, transduction, and pathogenicity determinants. Despite high sequence diversity between the different genera, most parvoviruses bind to negatively charged glycans, such as sialic acid and heparan sulfate, abundant on cell surface membranes. The capsid structure of these viruses exhibit high structural homology enabling common regions to be utilized for glycan binding. At the same time the sequence diversity at the common footprints allows for binding of different glycans or differential binding of the same glycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ya Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sujata Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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11
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Krishnan S, Prasadarao NV. Identification of minimum carbohydrate moiety in N-glycosylation sites of brain endothelial cell glycoprotein 96 for interaction with Escherichia coli K1 outer membrane protein A. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:540-52. [PMID: 24932957 PMCID: PMC4123687 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a serious central nervous system infection and Escherichia coli K1 (E. coli K1) is one of the leading etiological agents that cause meningitis in neonates. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of E. coli K1 is a major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of meningitis, and interacts with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) to cross the blood-brain barrier. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that two N-glycosylation sites (NG1 and NG2) in the extracellular domain of OmpA receptor, Ecgp96 are critical for bacterial binding to HBMEC. E. coli K1 invasion assays using CHO-Lec1 cells that express truncated N-glycans, and sequential digestion of HBMEC surface N-glycans using specific glycosidases showed that GlcNAc1-4GlcNAc epitopes are sufficient for OmpA interaction with HBMEC. Lack of NG1 and NG2 sites in Ecgp96 inhibits E. coli K1 OmpA induced F-actin polymerization, phosphorylation of protein kinase C-α, and disruption of transendothelial electrical resistance required for efficient invasion of E. coli K1 in HBMEC. Furthermore, the microvessels of cortex and hippocampus of the brain sections of E. coli K1 infected mice showed increased expression of glycosylated Ecgp96. Therefore, the interface of OmpA and GlcNAc1-4GlcNAc epitope interaction would be a target for preventative strategies against E. coli K1 meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Krishnan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Nemani V Prasadarao
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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12
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Halder S, Cotmore S, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Smith DF, Cummings RD, Chen X, Trollope AJ, North SJ, Haslam SM, Dell A, Tattersall P, McKenna R, Agbandje-McKenna M. Profiling of glycan receptors for minute virus of mice in permissive cell lines towards understanding the mechanism of cell recognition. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86909. [PMID: 24475195 PMCID: PMC3903596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of sialic acids by two strains of minute virus of mice (MVM), MVMp (prototype) and MVMi (immunosuppressive), is an essential requirement for successful infection. To understand the potential for recognition of different modifications of sialic acid by MVM, three types of capsids, virus-like particles, wild type empty (no DNA) capsids, and DNA packaged virions, were screened on a sialylated glycan microarray (SGM). Both viruses demonstrated a preference for binding to 9-O-methylated sialic acid derivatives, while MVMp showed additional binding to 9-O-acetylated and 9-O-lactoylated sialic acid derivatives, indicating recognition differences. The glycans recognized contained a type-2 Galβ1-4GlcNAc motif (Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc or 3′SIA-LN) and were biantennary complex-type N-glycans with the exception of one. To correlate the recognition of the 3′SIA-LN glycan motif as well as the biantennary structures to their natural expression in cell lines permissive for MVMp, MVMi, or both strains, the N- and O-glycans, and polar glycolipids present in three cell lines used for in vitro studies, A9 fibroblasts, EL4 T lymphocytes, and the SV40 transformed NB324K cells, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. The cells showed an abundance of the sialylated glycan motifs recognized by the viruses in the SGM and previous glycan microarrays supporting their role in cellular recognition by MVM. Significantly, the NB324K showed fucosylation at the non-reducing end of their biantennary glycans, suggesting that recognition of these cells is possibly mediated by the Lewis X motif as in 3′SIA-LeX identified in a previous glycan microarray screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Susan Cotmore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David F. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alana J. Trollope
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. North
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Tattersall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Densovirus crosses the insect midgut by transcytosis and disturbs the epithelial barrier function. J Virol 2013; 87:12380-91. [PMID: 24027326 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01396-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Densoviruses are parvoviruses that can be lethal for insects of different orders at larval stages. Although the horizontal transmission mechanisms are poorly known, densoviral pathogenesis usually starts with the ingestion of contaminated food by the host. Depending on the virus, this leads to replication restricted to the midgut or excluding it. In both cases the success of infection depends on the virus capacity to enter the intestinal epithelium. Using the Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDNV) as the prototype virus and the lepidopteran host Spodoptera frugiperda as an interaction model, we focused on the early mechanisms of infection during which JcDNV crosses the intestinal epithelium to reach and replicate in underlying target tissues. We studied the kinetics of interaction of JcDNV with the midgut epithelium and the transport mechanisms involved. Using several approaches, in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, at molecular and cellular levels, we show that JcDNV is specifically internalized by endocytosis in absorptive cells and then crosses the epithelium by transcytosis. As a consequence, viral entry disturbs the midgut function. Finally, we showed that four mutations on the capsid of JcDNV affect specific recognition by the epithelial cells but not their binding.
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14
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Nonnenmacher M, Weber T. Intracellular transport of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. Gene Ther 2012; 19:649-58. [PMID: 22357511 PMCID: PMC4465241 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAVs) have been widely used for gene delivery in animal models, and are currently evaluated for human gene therapy after successful clinical trials in the treatment of inherited, degenerative or acquired diseases, such as Leber congenital amaurosis, Parkinson disease or heart failure. However, limitations in vector tropism, such as limited tissue specificity and insufficient transduction efficiencies of particular tissues and cell types, still preclude therapeutic applications in certain tissues. Wild-type adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are defective viruses that require the presence of a helper virus to complete their life cycle. On the one hand, this unique property makes AAV vectors one of the safest available viral vectors for gene delivery. On the other, it also represents a potential obstacle because rAAV vectors have to overcome several biological barriers in the absence of a helper virus to transduce successfully a cell. Consequently, a better understanding of the cellular roadblocks that limit rAAV gene delivery is crucial and, during the last 15 years, numerous studies resulted in an expanding body of knowledge of the intracellular trafficking pathways of rAAV vectors. This review describes our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in rAAV attachment to target cells, endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, capsid processing, nuclear import and genome release with an emphasis on the most recent discoveries in the field and the emerging strategies used to improve the efficiency of AAV-derived vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nonnenmacher
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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15
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Abstract
Parvoviruses package a ssDNA genome. Both nonpathogenic and pathogenic members exist, including those that cause fetal infections, encompassing the entire spectrum of virus phenotypes. Their small genomes and simple coding strategy has enabled functional annotation of many steps in the infectious life cycle. They assemble a multifunctional capsid responsible for cell recognition and the transport of the packaged genome to the nucleus for replication and progeny virus production. It is also the target of the host immune response. Understanding how the capsid structure relates to the function of parvoviruses provides a platform for recombinant engineering of viral gene delivery vectors for the treatment of clinical diseases, and is fundamental for dissecting the viral determinants of pathogenicity. This review focuses on our current understanding of parvovirus capsid structure and function with respect to the infectious life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Halder
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert Ng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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16
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Hsu JC, Di Pasquale G, Harunaga JS, Onodera T, Hoffman MP, Chiorini JA, Yamada KM. Viral gene transfer to developing mouse salivary glands. J Dent Res 2011; 91:197-202. [PMID: 22095070 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511429346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is essential for the formation of salivary glands, kidneys, lungs, and many other organs during development, but the mechanisms underlying this process are not adequately understood. Microarray and other gene expression methods have been powerful approaches for identifying candidate genes that potentially regulate branching morphogenesis. However, functional validation of the proposed roles for these genes has been severely hampered by the absence of efficient techniques to genetically manipulate cells within embryonic organs. Using ex vivo cultured embryonic mouse submandibular glands (SMGs) as models to study branching morphogenesis, we have identified new vectors for viral gene transfer with high efficiency and cell-type specificity to developing SMGs. We screened adenovirus, lentivirus, and 11 types of adeno-associated viruses (AAV) for their ability to transduce embryonic day 12 or 13 SMGs. We identified two AAV types, AAV2 and bovine AAV (BAAV), that are selective in targeting expression differentially to SMG epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations, respectively. Transduction of SMG epithelia with self-complementary (sc) AAV2 expressing fibroblast growth factor 7 (Fgf7) supported gland survival and enhanced SMG branching morphogenesis. Our findings represent, to our knowledge, the first successful selective gene targeting to epithelial vs. mesenchymal cells in an organ undergoing branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hsu
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 30, Room 426, 30 Convent Drive, MSC 4370, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA
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17
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Di Pasquale G, Ostedgaard L, Vermeer D, Swaim WD, Karp P, Chiorini JA. Bovine AAV transcytosis inhibition by tannic acid results in functional expression of CFTR in vitro and altered biodistribution in vivo. Gene Ther 2011; 19:576-81. [PMID: 22011646 PMCID: PMC3266448 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bovine adeno-associated virus (BAAV) can enter a cell either through a transcytosis or transduction pathway. We previously demonstrated that particles entering via the transcytosis pathway can be redirected to transduce the cell by blocking particle exocytosis with tannic acid (TA). To investigate whether this approach is useful in lung gene therapy applications, we tested the effect of TA on BAAV transduction in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia in vitro, and in mouse lung in vivo. Our findings suggest that BAAV transcytosis can occur in vivo and that treatment with TA reduces transcytosis and increases lung transduction. TA treatment did not impair the sorting and the activity of the BAAV expressed cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Di Pasquale
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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18
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Mechanisms of Candida albicans trafficking to the brain. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002305. [PMID: 21998592 PMCID: PMC3188548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During hematogenously disseminated disease, Candida albicans infects most organs, including the brain. We discovered that a C. albicans vps51Δ/Δ mutant had significantly increased tropism for the brain in the mouse model of disseminated disease. To investigate the mechanisms of this enhanced trafficking to the brain, we studied the interactions of wild-type C. albicans and the vps51Δ/Δ mutant with brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. These studies revealed that C. albicans invasion of brain endothelial cells is mediated by the fungal invasins, Als3 and Ssa1. Als3 binds to the gp96 heat shock protein, which is expressed on the surface of brain endothelial cells, but not human umbilical vein endothelial cells, whereas Ssa1 binds to a brain endothelial cell receptor other than gp96. The vps51Δ/Δ mutant has increased surface expression of Als3, which is a major cause of the increased capacity of this mutant to both invade brain endothelial cells in vitro and traffic to the brain in mice. Therefore, during disseminated disease, C. albicans traffics to and infects the brain by binding to gp96, a unique receptor that is expressed specifically on the surface of brain endothelial cells. During hematogenously disseminated infection, the fungus Candida albicans is carried by the bloodstream to virtually all organs in the body, including the brain. C. albicans infection of the brain is a significant problem in premature infants with disseminated candidiasis. To infect the brain, C. albicans must adhere to and invade the endothelial cells that line cerebral blood vessels. These endothelial cells express unique proteins on their surface that are not expressed by endothelial cells of other vascular beds. Here, we show that C. albicans infects the brain by binding to gp96, a heat shock protein that is uniquely expressed on the surface of brain endothelial cells. Gp96 is bound by the C. albicans Als3 invasin, which induces the uptake of this organism by brain endothelial cells. The C. albicans Ssa1 invasin also mediates fungal uptake by brain endothelial cells, but does so by binding to a receptor other than gp96. Thus, during hematogenously disseminated infection, C. albicans traffics to and infects the brain by binding to gp96, a receptor that is expressed specifically on the surface of brain endothelial cells.
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19
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Crispino G, Di Pasquale G, Scimemi P, Rodriguez L, Galindo Ramirez F, De Siati RD, Santarelli RM, Arslan E, Bortolozzi M, Chiorini JA, Mammano F. BAAV mediated GJB2 gene transfer restores gap junction coupling in cochlear organotypic cultures from deaf Cx26Sox10Cre mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23279. [PMID: 21876744 PMCID: PMC3158073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The deafness locus DFNB1 contains GJB2, the gene encoding connexin26 and GJB6, encoding connexin30, which appear to be coordinately regulated in the inner ear. In this work, we investigated the expression and function of connexin26 and connexin30 from postnatal day 5 to adult age in double transgenic Cx26(Sox10Cre) mice, which we obtained by crossing connexin26 floxed mice with a deleter Sox10-Cre line. Cx26(Sox10Cre) mice presented with complete connexin26 ablation in the epithelial gap junction network of the cochlea, whereas connexin30 expression was developmentally delayed; immunolabeling patterns for both connexins were normal in the cochlear lateral wall. In vivo electrophysiological measurements in Cx26(Sox10Cre) mice revealed profound hearing loss accompanied by reduction of endocochlear potential, and functional experiments performed in postnatal cochlear organotypic cultures showed impaired gap junction coupling. Transduction of these cultures with a bovine adeno associated virus vector restored connexin26 protein expression and rescued gap junction coupling. These results suggest that restoration of normal connexin levels by gene delivery via recombinant adeno associated virus could be a way to rescue hearing function in DFNB1 mouse models and, in future, lead to the development of therapeutic interventions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Crispino
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Istituto Veneto di Medicina Molecolare, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Pasquale
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pietro Scimemi
- Dipartimento di Specialità Medico–Chirurgiche e Servizio di Audiologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Rodriguez
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Istituto Veneto di Medicina Molecolare, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabian Galindo Ramirez
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Istituto Veneto di Medicina Molecolare, Padova, Italy
| | - Romolo Daniele De Siati
- Dipartimento di Specialità Medico–Chirurgiche e Servizio di Audiologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Santarelli
- Dipartimento di Specialità Medico–Chirurgiche e Servizio di Audiologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Arslan
- Dipartimento di Specialità Medico–Chirurgiche e Servizio di Audiologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Bortolozzi
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Istituto Veneto di Medicina Molecolare, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto CNR di Neuroscienze, Padova, Italy
| | - John A. Chiorini
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fabio Mammano
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Istituto Veneto di Medicina Molecolare, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto CNR di Neuroscienze, Padova, Italy
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20
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Sheffield AM, Gubbels SP, Hildebrand MS, Newton SS, Chiorini JA, Di Pasquale G, Smith RJH. Viral vector tropism for supporting cells in the developing murine cochlea. Hear Res 2011; 277:28-36. [PMID: 21530627 PMCID: PMC3137760 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gene-based therapeutics are being developed as novel treatments for genetic hearing loss. One roadblock to effective gene therapy is the identification of vectors which will safely deliver therapeutics to targeted cells. The cellular heterogeneity that exists within the cochlea makes viral tropism a vital consideration for effective inner ear gene therapy. There are compelling reasons to identify a viral vector with tropism for organ of Corti supporting cells. Supporting cells are the primary expression site of connexin 26 gap junction proteins that are mutated in the most common form of congenital genetic deafness (DFNB1). Supporting cells are also primary targets for inducing hair cell regeneration. Since many genetic forms of deafness are congenital it is necessary to administer gene transfer-based therapeutics prior to the onset of significant hearing loss. We have used transuterine microinjection of the fetal murine otocyst to investigate viral tropism in the developing inner ear. For the first time we have characterized viral tropism for supporting cells following in utero delivery to their progenitors. We report the inner ear tropism and potential ototoxicity of three previously untested vectors: early-generation adenovirus (Ad5.CMV.GFP), advanced-generation adenovirus (Adf.11D) and bovine adeno-associated virus (BAAV.CMV.GFP). Adenovirus showed robust tropism for organ of Corti supporting cells throughout the cochlea but induced increased ABR thresholds indicating ototoxicity. BAAV also showed tropism for organ of Corti supporting cells, with preferential transduction toward the cochlear apex. Additionally, BAAV readily transduced spiral ganglion neurons. Importantly, the BAAV-injected ears exhibited normal hearing at 5 weeks of age when compared to non-injected ears. Our results support the use of BAAV for safe and efficient targeting of supporting cell progenitors in the developing murine inner ear.
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Miyake N, Miyake K, Yamamoto M, Hirai Y, Shimada T. Global gene transfer into the CNS across the BBB after neonatal systemic delivery of single-stranded AAV vectors. Brain Res 2011; 1389:19-26. [PMID: 21397590 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are important targets for gene therapy; however, delivery of therapeutic proteins and/or genes to the brain remains a major challenge due to the difficulty of efficiently delivering viral vectors across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the present work, we tested the ability of several single-stranded adeno-associated viral (ssAAV) serotypes to deliver transgenes to the brain and spinal cord in neonatal mice. We injected ssAAV vectors encoding GFP (serotype-1, -8, -9 and -10: 1.5×10(11) vector genomes each) into the jugular vein of neonatal mice and assessed GFP expression immunohistochemically. Strong GFP signals were detected in both the brain and spinal cord after injection of any of these serotypes. ssAAV serotype-9 mediated gene transfer was the most efficient. GFP expression was detected throughout the brain, including the cortex, cerebellum, olfactory bulb and brainstem and was sustained for at least 18months. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the GFP signals were detected in GFAP positive astrocytes, NeuN positive neurons, and Calbindin positive purkinje cells. Our data suggest that systemic neonatal injection of ssAAV is an effective strategy for delivering transgenes to target neuronal systems that are not accessible to viral vectors in adult animals. These vectors should prove highly useful for efficient and long-term overexpression or downregulation of genes in CNS and spinal cord and could be a useful means of treating genetic neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Gene Therapy Research Center for Advanced Medical Technology,Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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22
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Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are widely spread throughout the human population, yet no pathology has been associated with infection. This fact, together with the availability of simple molecular techniques to alter the packaged viral genome, has made AAV a serious contender in the search for an ideal gene therapy delivery vehicle. However, our understanding of the intriguing features of this virus is far from exhausted and it is likely that the mechanisms underlying the viral lifestyle will reveal possible novel strategies that can be employed in future clinical approaches. One such aspect is the unique approach AAV has evolved in order to establish latency. In the absence of a cellular milieu that will support productive viral replication, wild-type AAV can integrate its genome site specifically into a locus on human chromosome 19 (termed AAVS1), where it resides without apparent effects on the host cell until cellular conditions are changed by outside influences, such as adenovirus super-infection, which will lead to the rescue of the viral genome and productive replication. This article will introduce the biology of AAV, the unique viral strategy of targeted genome integration and address relevant questions within the context of attempts to establish therapeutic approaches that will utilize targeted gene addition to the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Henckaerts
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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