1
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Solheim ET, Gerking Y, Kråkenes T, Herdlevær I, Birkeland E, Totland C, Dick F, Vedeler CA. Multi-omics profiling reveals dysregulated ribosome biogenesis and impaired cell proliferation following knockout of CDR2L. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:645. [PMID: 38802745 PMCID: PMC11129367 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebellar degeneration-related (CDR) proteins are associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) - a rare, neurodegenerative disease caused by tumour-induced autoimmunity against neural antigens resulting in degeneration of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. The pathogenesis of PCD is unknown, in large part due to our limited understanding of the functions of CDR proteins. To this end, we performed an extensive, multi-omics analysis of CDR-knockout cells focusing on the CDR2L protein, to gain a deeper understanding of the properties of the CDR proteins in ovarian cancer. METHODS Ovarian cancer cell lines lacking either CDR1, CDR2, or CDR2L were analysed using RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based proteomics to assess changes to the transcriptome, proteome and secretome in the absence of these proteins. RESULTS For each knockout cell line, we identified sets of differentially expressed genes and proteins. CDR2L-knockout cells displayed a distinct expression profile compared to CDR1- and CDR2-knockout cells. Knockout of CDR2L caused dysregulation of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, protein translation, and cell cycle progression, ultimately causing impaired cell proliferation in vitro. Several of these genes showed a concurrent upregulation at the transcript level and downregulation at the protein level. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first integrative multi-omics analysis of the impact of knockout of the CDR genes, providing both new insights into the biological properties of the CDR proteins in ovarian cancer, and a valuable resource for future investigations into the CDR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Tveit Solheim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Neuro-SysMed - Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Yola Gerking
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed - Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Kråkenes
- Neuro-SysMed - Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ida Herdlevær
- Neuro-SysMed - Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Cecilie Totland
- Neuro-SysMed - Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fiona Dick
- Neuro-SysMed - Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Alexander Vedeler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed - Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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2
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Lasser M, Bolduc J, Murphy L, O'Brien C, Lee S, Girirajan S, Lowery LA. 16p12.1 Deletion Orthologs are Expressed in Motile Neural Crest Cells and are Important for Regulating Craniofacial Development in Xenopus laevis. Front Genet 2022; 13:833083. [PMID: 35401697 PMCID: PMC8987115 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.833083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by extensive phenotypic heterogeneity. In particular, one CNV was identified in a subset of children clinically diagnosed with intellectual disabilities (ID) that results in a hemizygous deletion of multiple genes at chromosome 16p12.1. In addition to ID, individuals with this deletion display a variety of symptoms including microcephaly, seizures, cardiac defects, and growth retardation. Moreover, patients also manifest severe craniofacial abnormalities, such as micrognathia, cartilage malformation of the ears and nose, and facial asymmetries; however, the function of the genes within the 16p12.1 region have not been studied in the context of vertebrate craniofacial development. The craniofacial tissues affected in patients with this deletion all derive from the same embryonic precursor, the cranial neural crest, leading to the hypothesis that one or more of the 16p12.1 genes may be involved in regulating neural crest cell (NCC)-related processes. To examine this, we characterized the developmental role of the 16p12.1-affected gene orthologs, polr3e, mosmo, uqcrc2, and cdr2, during craniofacial morphogenesis in the vertebrate model system, Xenopus laevis. While the currently-known cellular functions of these genes are diverse, we find that they share similar expression patterns along the neural tube, pharyngeal arches, and later craniofacial structures. As these genes show co-expression in the pharyngeal arches where NCCs reside, we sought to elucidate the effect of individual gene depletion on craniofacial development and NCC migration. We find that reduction of several 16p12.1 genes significantly disrupts craniofacial and cartilage formation, pharyngeal arch migration, as well as NCC specification and motility. Thus, we have determined that some of these genes play an essential role during vertebrate craniofacial patterning by regulating specific processes during NCC development, which may be an underlying mechanism contributing to the craniofacial defects associated with the 16p12.1 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Lasser
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Jessica Bolduc
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Luke Murphy
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Caroline O'Brien
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Sangmook Lee
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Laura Anne Lowery
- Alfred B. Nobel Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura Anne Lowery,
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3
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Pizzo L, Lasser M, Yusuff T, Jensen M, Ingraham P, Huber E, Singh MD, Monahan C, Iyer J, Desai I, Karthikeyan S, Gould DJ, Yennawar S, Weiner AT, Pounraja VK, Krishnan A, Rolls MM, Lowery LA, Girirajan S. Functional assessment of the "two-hit" model for neurodevelopmental defects in Drosophila and X. laevis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009112. [PMID: 33819264 PMCID: PMC8049494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a deletion on chromosome 16p12.1 that is mostly inherited and associated with multiple neurodevelopmental outcomes, where severely affected probands carried an excess of rare pathogenic variants compared to mildly affected carrier parents. We hypothesized that the 16p12.1 deletion sensitizes the genome for disease, while "second-hits" in the genetic background modulate the phenotypic trajectory. To test this model, we examined how neurodevelopmental defects conferred by knockdown of individual 16p12.1 homologs are modulated by simultaneous knockdown of homologs of "second-hit" genes in Drosophila melanogaster and Xenopus laevis. We observed that knockdown of 16p12.1 homologs affect multiple phenotypic domains, leading to delayed developmental timing, seizure susceptibility, brain alterations, abnormal dendrite and axonal morphology, and cellular proliferation defects. Compared to genes within the 16p11.2 deletion, which has higher de novo occurrence, 16p12.1 homologs were less likely to interact with each other in Drosophila models or a human brain-specific interaction network, suggesting that interactions with "second-hit" genes may confer higher impact towards neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Assessment of 212 pairwise interactions in Drosophila between 16p12.1 homologs and 76 homologs of patient-specific "second-hit" genes (such as ARID1B and CACNA1A), genes within neurodevelopmental pathways (such as PTEN and UBE3A), and transcriptomic targets (such as DSCAM and TRRAP) identified genetic interactions in 63% of the tested pairs. In 11 out of 15 families, patient-specific "second-hits" enhanced or suppressed the phenotypic effects of one or many 16p12.1 homologs in 32/96 pairwise combinations tested. In fact, homologs of SETD5 synergistically interacted with homologs of MOSMO in both Drosophila and X. laevis, leading to modified cellular and brain phenotypes, as well as axon outgrowth defects that were not observed with knockdown of either individual homolog. Our results suggest that several 16p12.1 genes sensitize the genome towards neurodevelopmental defects, and complex interactions with "second-hit" genes determine the ultimate phenotypic manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Pizzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Micaela Lasser
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States of America
| | - Tanzeen Yusuff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Matthew Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Phoebe Ingraham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Emily Huber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Mayanglambam Dhruba Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Connor Monahan
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States of America
| | - Janani Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Inshya Desai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Siddharth Karthikeyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Dagny J. Gould
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Sneha Yennawar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Alexis T. Weiner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Vijay Kumar Pounraja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Arjun Krishnan
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Melissa M. Rolls
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Laura Anne Lowery
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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4
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MicroRNA 452 regulates ASB8, NOL8, and CDR2 expression in colorectal cancer cells. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:33-41. [PMID: 33398662 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases by regulating target gene expression in specific cells or tissues. Previously, we identified microRNA 452 (MIR452), which was specifically up-regulated in early stage human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to identify and verify the target genes of MIR452 associated with CRC. METHODS A luciferase reporter system was used to confirm the effect of MIR452 on ASB8, NOL8, and CDR2 expression. The expression levels of MIR452 and the target genes were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. RESULTS We verified the association between MIR452 and three genes, ASB8, NOL8, and CDR2, and showed that their transcripts were down-regulated by MIR452. Up-regulated MIR452 also down-regulated ASB8, NOL8, and CDR2 mRNA and protein levels in CRC cells. CDR2 protein expression was decreased in CRC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ASB8, NOL8, and CDR2 were target genes of MIR452 in CRC cells and that up-regulated MIR452 in CRC tissue regulated ASB8, NOL8, and CDR2 expression during colorectal carcinogenesis.
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5
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VanGenderen C, Harkness TAA, Arnason TG. The role of Anaphase Promoting Complex activation, inhibition and substrates in cancer development and progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15818-15855. [PMID: 32805721 PMCID: PMC7467358 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, facilitates mitotic and G1 progression, and is now recognized to play a role in maintaining genomic stability. Many APC substrates have been observed overexpressed in multiple cancer types, such as CDC20, the Aurora A and B kinases, and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), suggesting APC activity is important for cell health. We performed BioGRID analyses of the APC coactivators CDC20 and CDH1, which revealed that at least 69 proteins serve as APC substrates, with 60 of them identified as playing a role in tumor promotion and 9 involved in tumor suppression. While these substrates and their association with malignancies have been studied in isolation, the possibility exists that generalized APC dysfunction could result in the inappropriate stabilization of multiple APC targets, thereby changing tumor behavior and treatment responsiveness. It is also possible that the APC itself plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis through its regulation of mitotic progression. In this review the connections between APC activity and dysregulation will be discussed with regards to cell cycle dysfunction and chromosome instability in cancer, along with the individual roles that the accumulation of various APC substrates may play in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordell VanGenderen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Troy Anthony Alan Harkness
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Terra Gayle Arnason
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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6
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Yshii L, Bost C, Liblau R. Immunological Bases of Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration and Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2020; 11:991. [PMID: 32655545 PMCID: PMC7326021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare immune-mediated disease that develops mostly in the setting of neoplasia and offers a unique prospect to explore the interplay between tumor immunity and autoimmunity. In PCD, the deleterious adaptive immune response targets self-antigens aberrantly expressed by tumor cells, mostly gynecological cancers, and physiologically expressed by the Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum. Highly specific anti-neuronal antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid represent key diagnostic biomarkers of PCD. Some anti-neuronal antibodies such as anti-Yo autoantibodies (recognizing the CDR2/CDR2L proteins) are only associated with PCD. Other anti-neuronal antibodies, such as anti-Hu, anti-Ri, and anti-Ma2, are detected in patients with PCD or other types of paraneoplastic neurological manifestations. Importantly, these autoantibodies cannot transfer disease and evidence for a pathogenic role of autoreactive T cells is accumulating. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for disruption of self-tolerance to neuronal self-antigens in the cancer setting and the pathways involved in pathogenesis within the cerebellum remain to be fully deciphered. Although the occurrence of PCD is rare, the risk for such severe complication may increase with wider use of cancer immunotherapy, notably immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we review recent literature pertaining to the pathophysiology of PCD and propose an immune scheme underlying this disabling disease. Additionally, based on observations from patients' samples and on the pre-clinical model we recently developed, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies that could blunt this cerebellum-specific autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Yshii
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Université Toulouse III, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Chloé Bost
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Université Toulouse III, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Department of Immunology, Purpan University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland Liblau
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Université Toulouse III, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Department of Immunology, Purpan University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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7
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Chen J, Rajasekaran M, Xia H, Kong SN, Deivasigamani A, Sekar K, Gao H, Swa HL, Gunaratne J, Ooi LL, Xie T, Hong W, Hui KM. CDK1-mediated BCL9 phosphorylation inhibits clathrin to promote mitotic Wnt signalling. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201899395. [PMID: 30217955 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell division is a hallmark of cancer. Deregulation of Wnt components has been linked to aberrant cell division by multiple mechanisms, including Wnt-mediated stabilisation of proteins signalling, which was notably observed in mitosis. Analysis of Wnt components revealed an unexpected role of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) in maintaining mitotic Wnt signalling to promote precise cell division and growth of cancer cell. Mitotic interactome analysis revealed a mechanistic role of BCL9 in inhibiting clathrin-mediated degradation of LRP6 signalosome components by interacting with clathrin and the components in Wnt destruction complex; this function was further controlled by CDK1-driven phosphorylation of BCL9 N-terminal, especially T172. Interestingly, T172 phosphorylation was correlated with cancer patient prognosis and enriched in tumours. Thus, our results revealed a novel role of BCL9 in controlling mitotic Wnt signalling to promote cell division and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China .,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Muthukumar Rajasekaran
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hongping Xia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Shik Nie Kong
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Amudha Deivasigamani
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Karthik Sekar
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hengjun Gao
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hannah Lf Swa
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore
| | | | - London Lucien Ooi
- Division of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Tian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China .,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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8
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Chatterjee M, Hurley LC, Levin NK, Stack M, Tainsky MA. Utility of paraneoplastic antigens as biomarkers for surveillance and prediction of recurrence in ovarian cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:369-387. [PMID: 29125478 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage and 70% of patients experience recurrence months to years from initial diagnosis. The expression of paraneoplastic antigens can result in the occurrence of onconeural autoantibodies in ovarian cancer that may be associated with neurological disorders that are clinically manifested in patients before diagnosis of ovarian cancer. These paraneoplastic antigens can serve as excellent biomarkers not only for early detection but also for monitoring ovarian cancer recurrence. OBJECTIVE To assess the immunoreactivity of our previous 3 biomarkers along with 3 paraneoplastic antigens, HARS, Ro52 and CDR2 for the evaluation of their sensitivity in predicting recurrence before the clinical relapse of the ovarian cancer. METHODS Western blot immunoassays were performed to assess the immunoreactivity of 6 antigens with 21 recurrent ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS The results indicated that antibodies to HARS, Ro52, CDR2 and 5H6 antigens predicted ovarian cancer recurrence 5.03 months before the clinical or symptomatic relapse in 21 ovarian cancer patients with a sensitivity of 90.5% when CA125 levels were below the standard cutoff (35 U/ml). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that appearance of onconeural antibodies prior to the rise in CA125 during post treatment surveillance can be a useful diagnostic to predict ovarian cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Laura C Hurley
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nancy K Levin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Matthew Stack
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael A Tainsky
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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9
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Eichler TW, Totland C, Haugen M, Vedeler CA. CCDC104 Antibodies and Mitosis of Cancer Cells. Scand J Immunol 2017; 87:109-110. [PMID: 29193323 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T W Eichler
- Bergen Stem Cell Consortium/Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Totland
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Haugen
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - C A Vedeler
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Raspotnig M, Haugen M, Thorsteinsdottir M, Stefansson I, Salvesen HB, Storstein A, Vedeler CA. Cerebellar degeneration-related proteins 2 and 2-like are present in ovarian cancer in patients with and without Yo antibodies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1463-1471. [PMID: 28710511 PMCID: PMC11028591 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2 (CDR2) has been presumed to be the main antigen for the onconeural antibody Yo, which is strongly associated with ovarian cancer and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). Recent data show that Yo antibodies also target the CDR2-like protein (CDR2L). We, therefore, examined the expression of CDR2 and CDR2L in ovarian cancer tissue from patients with and without Yo antibodies and from various other cancerous and normal human tissues. METHODS Ovarian cancer tissue and serum samples from 16 patients were included in the study (four with anti-Yo and PCD, two with anti-Yo without PCD, five with only CDR2L antibodies, and five without onconeural antibodies). Clinical data were available for all patients. The human tissues were examined by western blot and immunohistochemistry using rabbit CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies. RESULTS Ovarian cancers from all 16 patients expressed CDR2 and CDR2L proteins. Both proteins were also present in normal and cancer tissue from mammary tissue, kidney, ovary, prostate, and testis. CONCLUSION CDR2L is present in ovarian cancers from patients with and without Yo antibodies as was shown previously for CDR2. In addition, both CDR2 and CDR2L proteins are more widely expressed than previously thought, both in normal and cancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrethe Raspotnig
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Mette Haugen
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Thorsteinsdottir
- Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingunn Stefansson
- Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette Storstein
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian A Vedeler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
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Chatterjee M, Hurley LC, Tainsky MA. Paraneoplastic antigens as biomarkers for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2017; 21:37-44. [PMID: 28653032 PMCID: PMC5476453 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of rare disorders that can be triggered by an abnormal immune response to proteins from tumors of the lung, ovary, lymphatics, or breast. Paraneoplastic clinical syndromes affect < 1% of patients with cancer; however, the frequency of subclinical levels of paraneoplastic autoantibodies in asymptomatic patients with cancer is unknown. Numerous studies have reported that ovarian cancer patients show signs of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) before or after their cancers are diagnosed. PNSs arise from a tumor-elicited immune response against onconeural antigens that are shared by tissues of nervous system, muscle, and tumor cells. Studies on the serum IgGs obtained from ovarian cancer patients have indicated the presence of onconeural antibodies in the absence of any PNS symptoms. The occurrence of PNSs is low in ovarian cancer patients and it can be accompanied by onconeural antibodies. The diagnosis of PNSs is accompanied by a suspicion of a malignant tumor such that neurologists typically refer such patients for a tumor diagnostic workup. There will be tremendous utility if subclinical levels (without paraneoplastic neurological symptoms or myositis) of these autoantibodies to paraneoplastic antigens can be exploited to screen asymptomatic high-risk patients for ovarian cancer, and used as biomarkers in immunoassays for the early detection or recurrence of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer overall survival is likely to be improved with early detection. Therefore, a panel of onconeural antigens that can detect paraneoplastic autoantibodies in patient sera should provide diagnostic utility for an earlier therapeutic intervention. Here we review the usefulness of PNS and other paraneoplastic syndromes and their association with paraneoplastic antigens to exploit these autoantibody biomarkers to form diagnostic multi-analyte panels for early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Laura C Hurley
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Michael A Tainsky
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
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12
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Hwang JY, Lee J, Oh CK, Kang HW, Hwang IY, Um JW, Park HC, Kim S, Shin JH, Park WY, Darnell RB, Um HD, Chung KC, Kim K, Oh YJ. Proteolytic degradation and potential role of onconeural protein cdr2 in neurodegeneration. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2240. [PMID: 27253404 PMCID: PMC5143381 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2 (cdr2) is expressed in the central nervous system, and its ectopic expression in tumor cells of patients with gynecological malignancies elicits immune responses by cdr2-specific autoantibodies and T lymphocytes, leading to neurological symptoms. However, little is known about the regulation and function of cdr2 in neurodegenerative diseases. Because we found that cdr2 is highly expressed in the midbrain, we investigated the role of cdr2 in experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We found that cdr2 levels were significantly reduced after stereotaxic injection of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) into the striatum. cdr2 levels were also decreased in the brains of post-mortem PD patients. Using primary cultures of mesencephalic neurons and MN9D cells, we confirmed that MPP(+) reduces cdr2 in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neuronal cells. The MPP(+)-induced decrease of cdr2 was primarily caused by calpain- and ubiquitin proteasome system-mediated degradation, and cotreatment with pharmacological inhibitors of these enzymes or overexpression of calcium-binding protein rendered cells less vulnerable to MPP(+)-mediated cytotoxicity. Consequently, overexpression of cdr2 rescued cells from MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity, whereas knockdown of cdr2 accelerated toxicity. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the novel regulatory mechanism and potentially protective role of onconeural protein during dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Hwang
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea.,Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - J Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - C-K Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - H W Kang
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - I-Y Hwang
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - J W Um
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - H C Park
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 425-707, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - S Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 425-707, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - J-H Shin
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - W-Y Park
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - R B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - H-D Um
- Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korean Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - K C Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Korea
| | - Y J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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13
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Schumann M, Hofmann A, Krutzke SK, Hilger AC, Marsch F, Stienen D, Gembruch U, Ludwig M, Merz WM, Reutter H. Array-based molecular karyotyping in fetuses with isolated brain malformations identifies disease-causing CNVs. J Neurodev Disord 2016; 8:11. [PMID: 27087860 PMCID: PMC4832534 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The overall birth prevalence for congenital malformations of the central nervous system (CNS) among Europeans may be as high as 1 in 100 live births. The etiological factors remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to detect causative copy number variations (CNVs) in fetuses of terminated pregnancies with prenatally detected isolated brain malformations. Methods Array-based molecular karyotyping was performed in a cohort of 35 terminated fetuses with isolated CNS malformations. Identified putative disease-causing CNVs were confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Results Based on their de novo occurrence and/or their established association with congenital brain malformations, we detected five disease-causing CNVs in four fetuses involving chromosomal regions 6p25.1-6p25.3 (FOXC1), 6q27, 16p12.3, Xp22.2-Xp22.32 (MID1), and Xp22.32-Xp22.33. Furthermore, we detected a probably disease-causing CNV involving chromosomal region 3p26.3 in one fetus, and in addition, we detected 12 CNVs in nine fetuses of unknown clinical significance. All CNVs except for two were absent in 1307 healthy in-house controls (frequency <0.0008). Each of the two CNVs present in in-house controls was present only once (frequency = 0.0008). Furthermore, our data suggests the involvement of CNTN6 and KLHL15 in the etiology of agenesis of the corpus callosum, the involvement of RASD1 and PTPRD in Dandy-Walker malformation, and the involvement of ERMARD in ventriculomegaly. Conclusions Our study suggests that CNVs play an important role in the etiology of isolated brain malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madita Schumann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Hofmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany ; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alina C Hilger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Marsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Gembruch
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waltraut M Merz
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany ; Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care & Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
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14
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Gelaleti RB, Damasceno DC, Salvadori DMF, Calderon IMP, Costa RAA, Piculo F, Martins DC, Rudge MVC. Gene expression profile of whole blood cells differs in pregnant women with positive screening and negative diagnosis for gestational diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016; 4:e000273. [PMID: 27843554 PMCID: PMC5073650 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the gene expression profile of whole blood cells in pregnant women without diabetes (with positive screening and negative diagnosis for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)) compared with pregnant women with negative screening for GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Pregnant women were recruited in the Diabetes Perinatal Research Centre-Botucatu Medical School-UNESP and Botucatuense Mercy Hospital (UNIMED). Distributed into 2 groups: control (n=8), women with negative screening and non-diabetic (ND, n=13), with positive screening and negative diagnosis of GDM. A peripheral blood sample was collected for glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and microarray gene expression analyses. RESULTS The evaluation of gene expression profiles showed significant differences between the control group and the ND group, with 22 differentially expressed gene sequences. Gene networks and interaction tables were generated to evaluate the biological processes associated with differentially expressed genes of interest. CONCLUSIONS In the group with positive screening, there is an apparent regulatory balance between the functions of the differentially expressed genes related to the pathogenesis of diabetes and a compensatory attempt to mitigate the possible etiology. These results support the 'two-step Carpenter-Coustan' strategy because pregnant women with negative screening do not need to continue on diagnostic investigation of gestational diabetes, thus reducing the cost of healthcare and the medicalization of pregnancy. Although not diabetic, they do have risk factors, and thus attention to these genes is important when considering disease evolution because this pregnant women are a step toward developing diabetes compared with women without these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B Gelaleti
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Daisy M F Salvadori
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Toxicogenomics and Nutrigenomics, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Iracema M P Calderon
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Roberto A A Costa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Piculo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - David C Martins
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Marilza V C Rudge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Brazil
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15
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Jarius S, Wildemann B. 'Medusa head ataxia': the expanding spectrum of Purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. Part 3: Anti-Yo/CDR2, anti-Nb/AP3B2, PCA-2, anti-Tr/DNER, other antibodies, diagnostic pitfalls, summary and outlook. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:168. [PMID: 26377319 PMCID: PMC4573944 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological testing for anti-neural autoantibodies is important in patients presenting with idiopathic cerebellar ataxia, since these autoantibodies may indicate cancer, determine treatment and predict prognosis. While some of them target nuclear antigens present in all or most CNS neurons (e.g. anti-Hu, anti-Ri), others more specifically target antigens present in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane of Purkinje cells (PC). In this series of articles, we provide a detailed review of the clinical and paraclinical features, oncological, therapeutic and prognostic implications, pathogenetic relevance, and differential laboratory diagnosis of the 12 most common PC autoantibodies (often referred to as 'Medusa head antibodies' due to their characteristic somatodendritic binding pattern when tested by immunohistochemistry). To assist immunologists and neurologists in diagnosing these disorders, typical high-resolution immunohistochemical images of all 12 reactivities are presented, diagnostic pitfalls discussed and all currently available assays reviewed. Of note, most of these antibodies target antigens involved in the mGluR1/calcium pathway essential for PC function and survival. Many of the antigens also play a role in spinocerebellar ataxia. Part 1 focuses on anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1-, anti-Homer protein homolog 3-, anti-Sj/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor- and anti-carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA); part 2 covers anti-protein kinase C gamma-, anti-glutamate receptor delta-2-, anti-Ca/RhoGTPase-activating protein 26- and anti-voltage-gated calcium channel-associated ACA; and part 3 reviews the current knowledge on anti-Tr/delta notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor-, anti-Nb/AP3B2-, anti-Yo/cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2- and Purkinje cell antibody 2-associated ACA, discusses differential diagnostic aspects and provides a summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jarius
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Otto Meyerhof Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - B Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Otto Meyerhof Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Paraneoplastic CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies affect Purkinje cell calcium homeostasis. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:835-52. [PMID: 25341622 PMCID: PMC4231287 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is characterized by loss of Purkinje cells (PCs) associated with progressive pancerebellar dysfunction in the presence of onconeural Yo antibodies. These antibodies recognize the cerebellar degeneration-related antigens CDR2 and CDR2L. Response to PCD therapy is disappointing due to limited understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms. Here, we report the pathological role of CDR antibodies on the calcium homeostasis in PCs. We developed an antibody-mediated PCD model based on co-incubation of cerebellar organotypic slice culture with human patient serum or rabbit CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies. The CDR antibody-induced pathology was investigated by high-resolution multiphoton imaging and biochemical analysis. Both human and rabbit CDR antibodies were rapidly internalized by PCs and led to reduced immunoreactivity of calbindin D28K (CB) and L7/Pcp-2 as well as reduced dendritic arborizations in the remaining PCs. Washout of the CDR antibodies partially recovered CB immunoreactivity, suggesting a transient structural change in CB calcium-binding site. We discovered that CDR2 and CB co-immunoprecipitate. Furthermore, the expression levels of voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.1, protein kinase C gamma and calcium-dependent protease, calpain-2, were increased after CDR antibody internalization. Inhibition of these signaling pathways prevented or attenuated CDR antibody-induced CB and L7/Pcp-2 immunoreactivity loss, morphological changes and increased protein expression. These results signify that CDR antibody internalization causes dysregulation of cell calcium homeostasis. Hence, drugs that modulate these events may represent novel neuroprotective therapies that limit the damaging effects of CDR antibodies and prevent PC neurodegeneration.
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17
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Hann SR. MYC cofactors: molecular switches controlling diverse biological outcomes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a014399. [PMID: 24939054 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a014399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC has fundamental roles in proliferation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and stem cell pluripotency. Over the last 30 years extensive information has been gathered on the numerous cofactors that interact with MYC and the target genes that are regulated by MYC as a means of understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling its diverse roles. Despite significant advances and perhaps because the amount of information learned about MYC is overwhelming, there has been little consensus on the molecular functions of MYC that mediate its critical biological roles. In this perspective, the major MYC cofactors that regulate the various transcriptional activities of MYC, including canonical and noncanonical transactivation and transcriptional repression, will be reviewed and a model of how these transcriptional mechanisms control MYC-mediated proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis will be presented. The basis of the model is that a variety of cofactors form dynamic MYC transcriptional complexes that can switch the molecular and biological functions of MYC to yield a diverse range of outcomes in a cell-type- and context-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2175
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18
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Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with anti-Yo antibodies associated with metastatic uveal melanoma. J Neurol Sci 2013; 335:210-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Yang J, Sung E, Donlin-Asp PG, Corces VG. A subset of Drosophila Myc sites remain associated with mitotic chromosomes colocalized with insulator proteins. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1464. [PMID: 23403565 PMCID: PMC3573855 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc has been characterized as a transcription factor that activates expression of genes involved in pluripotency and cancer, and as a component of the replication complex. Here we find that Myc is present at promoters and enhancers of D. melanogaster genes during interphase. Myc co-localizes with Orc2, which is part of the pre-replication complex, during G1. As is the case in mammals, Myc associates preferentially with paused genes, suggesting that it may also be involved in the release of RNAPII from promoter proximal pausing in Drosophila. Interestingly, about 40% of Myc sites present in interphase persists during mitosis. None of the Myc mitotic sites correspond to enhancers and only some correspond to promoters. The rest of mitotic Myc sites overlap with binding sites for multiple insulator proteins that are also maintained in mitosis. These results suggest alternative mechanisms to explain the role of Myc in pluripotency and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Yang
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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20
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CDR2L Antibodies: A New Player in Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66002. [PMID: 23823982 PMCID: PMC3688866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Yo antibodies are associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). We have characterized Yo sera by measuring CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies and the localization of their antigens. METHODS Forty-two Yo sera from patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS), 179 sera from ovarian and 114 sera from breast cancer patients without PNS and 100 blood donors were screened for CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies by radioactive immune assay (RIA). Fluorescence microscopy was also used to determine the presence of CDR2 or CDR2L antibodies by staining of HeLa cells transfected with CDR2 or CDR2L fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Confocal microscopy was further used to localize the CDR2 and CDR2L proteins. RESULTS RIA showed that 36 of the 42 Yo positive sera contained CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies whereas 6 sera contained only CDR2 antibodies. Five of the ovarian cancer patients had CDR2L antibodies and 4 of the breast cancer patients had either CDR2 or CDR2L antibodies. Only patients with both antibodies had PCD. RIA and staining of transfected cells showed similar results. Yo antibodies were not present in the 100 blood donors. Confocal microscopy showed that CDR2 and CDR2L were localized to the cytoplasm, whereas CDR2L was also present on the cell membrane. INTERPRETATION Yo sera usually contain CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies and both antibodies are associated with PCD. Since only CDR2L is localized to the cell membrane it is likely that CDR2L antibodies may be of primary pathogenic importance for the development of PCD.
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Kaufmann MR, Schraml P, Hermanns T, Wenger RH, Camenisch G. Onconeuronal antigen Cdr2 correlates with HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylase PHD1 and worse prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 94:453-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
The discovery of disorders that are associated with antibodies to neuronal cell-surface proteins has led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of CNS autoimmunity. These disorders can occur in patients with or without cancer-often children or young adults who develop psychosis, catatonic or autistic features, memory problems, abnormal movements, or seizures that were previously considered idiopathic. The autoantigens in such cases have crucial roles in synaptic transmission, plasticity and peripheral nerve excitability. Patients can be comatose or encephalopathic for months and yet fully recover with supportive care and immunotherapy. By contrast, disorders in which the antibodies target intracellular antigens, and in which T-cell-mediated irreversible neuronal degeneration occurs, show a considerably poorer response to treatment. In this article, we review the various targets of neuronal antibodies, focusing predominantly on autoantigens located on the cell surface or synapses-namely, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1, contactin-associated protein-like 2, and metabotropic glutamate receptors. We also provide an algorithm to identify and assess antibodies that bind to cell-surface and synaptic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lancaster
- Department of Neurology, 3 W Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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23
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Meyer HJ, Rape M. Processive ubiquitin chain formation by the anaphase-promoting complex. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:544-50. [PMID: 21477659 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progression through mitosis requires the sequential ubiquitination of cell cycle regulators by the anaphase-promoting complex, resulting in their proteasomal degradation. Although several mechanisms contribute to APC/C regulation during mitosis, the APC/C is able to discriminate between its many substrates by exploiting differences in the processivity of ubiquitin chain assembly. Here, we discuss how the APC/C achieves processive ubiquitin chain formation to trigger the sequential degradation of cell cycle regulators during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann-Josef Meyer
- University of California at Berkeley, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, United States
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Totland C, Aarskog NK, Eichler TW, Haugen M, Nøstbakken JK, Monstad SE, Salvesen HB, Mørk S, Haukanes BI, Vedeler CA. CDR2 antigen and Yo antibodies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 60:283-9. [PMID: 21080165 PMCID: PMC3024499 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is often associated with Yo antibodies that are directed against human cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2 (CDR2). Such antibodies may also be found in ovarian cancer patients without PCD. We studied if there was an association between Yo antibody production and differences in CDR2 cDNA sequence, mRNA or CDR2 expression in ovarian cancers. We found similar CDR2 cDNA sequence, mRNA and protein levels in primary ovarian cancers, with or without associated Yo antibodies. CDR2 was also present in other cancers, as well as in normal ovary tissue. The results suggest that Yo antibodies are not only related to the expression of CDR2 alone, but also to immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Totland
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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25
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Claudin 13, a member of the claudin family regulated in mouse stress induced erythropoiesis. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20844758 PMCID: PMC2937028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals are able to rapidly produce red blood cells in response to stress. The molecular pathways used in this process are important in understanding responses to anaemia in multiple biological settings. Here we characterise the novel gene Claudin 13 (Cldn13), a member of the Claudin family of tight junction proteins using RNA expression, microarray and phylogenetic analysis. We present evidence that Cldn13 appears to be co-ordinately regulated as part of a stress induced erythropoiesis pathway and is a mouse-specific gene mainly expressed in tissues associated with haematopoietic function. CLDN13 phylogenetically groups with its genomic neighbour CLDN4, a conserved tight junction protein with a putative role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, suggesting a recent duplication event. Mechanisms of mammalian stress erythropoiesis are of importance in anaemic responses and expression microarray analyses demonstrate that Cldn13 is the most abundant Claudin in spleen from mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense. In mice prone to anaemia (C57BL/6), its expression is reduced compared to strains which display a less severe anaemic response (A/J and BALB/c) and is differentially regulated in spleen during disease progression. Genes clustering with Cldn13 on microarrays are key regulators of erythropoiesis (Tal1, Trim10, E2f2), erythrocyte membrane proteins (Rhd and Gypa), associated with red cell volume (Tmcc2) and indirectly associated with erythropoietic pathways (Cdca8, Cdkn2d, Cenpk). Relationships between genes appearing co-ordinately regulated with Cldn13 post-infection suggest new insights into the molecular regulation and pathways involved in stress induced erythropoiesis and suggest a novel, previously unreported role for claudins in correct cell polarisation and protein partitioning prior to erythroblast enucleation.
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