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Petran EM, Periferakis A, Troumpata L, Periferakis AT, Scheau AE, Badarau IA, Periferakis K, Caruntu A, Savulescu-Fiedler I, Sima RM, Calina D, Constantin C, Neagu M, Caruntu C, Scheau C. Capsaicin: Emerging Pharmacological and Therapeutic Insights. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7895-7943. [PMID: 39194685 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, the most prominent pungent compound of chilli peppers, has been used in traditional medicine systems for centuries; it already has a number of established clinical and industrial applications. Capsaicin is known to act through the TRPV1 receptor, which exists in various tissues; capsaicin is hepatically metabolised, having a half-life correlated with the method of application. Research on various applications of capsaicin in different formulations is still ongoing. Thus, local capsaicin applications have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, while systemic applications have a multitude of different effects because their increased lipophilic character ensures their augmented bioavailability. Furthermore, various teams have documented capsaicin's anti-cancer effects, proven both in vivo and in vitro designs. A notable constraint in the therapeutic effects of capsaicin is its increased toxicity, especially in sensitive tissues. Regarding the traditional applications of capsaicin, apart from all the effects recorded as medicinal effects, the application of capsaicin in acupuncture points has been demonstrated to be effective and the combination of acupuncture and capsaicin warrants further research. Finally, capsaicin has demonstrated antimicrobial effects, which can supplement its anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Madalina Petran
- Department of Biochemistry, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Grigore Alexandrescu Emergency Children's Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Lamprini Troumpata
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The "Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Romina-Marina Sima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- The "Bucur" Maternity, "Saint John" Hospital, 040294 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, "Prof. N.C. Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, "Foisor" Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
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Khonglim K, Chuenjitkuntaworn B, Tamura Y, Fuangtharnthip P. Effects of Capsaicin on Migration and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Dental Pulp Cells. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38698615 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental pulp, a specialized mesenchymal tissue within teeth, is pivotal in dental health and tissue repair. Capsaicin, the primary pungent component of chili peppers, is known for its diverse pharmacological properties. While capsaicin's effects on various cell types have been studied, its impact on dental pulp cells remains relatively unexplored. This study investigated the influence of pure capsaicin extract on dental pulp cell behavior, focusing on cell viability, proliferation, migration, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Capsaicin solution was prepared and diluted to various concentrations (1 nM, 0.01 µM, 0.1 µM, 1 µM, 10 µM, and 100 µM), then was tested on rat dental pulp cells (RPC-C2A). Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using the MTT assay. Boyden chamber tests and wound healing were used for evaluating cell migration. The activity of ALP was determined to show cell function during dental pulp repair. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance or an independent-sample Kruskal-Wallis, followed by multiple comparison tests. RESULTS Capsaicin of 100 µM exhibited cytotoxicity, whereas those with lower concentrations stimulated cell proliferation. Wound healing assays revealed increased cell migration, particularly when cultured with 1 nM capsaicin (p = 0.002). Boyden chamber assays demonstrated enhanced cell invasion without statistical significance. ALP activity of dental pulp cells increased significantly at 1 nM (p < 0.001) and 1 µM (p = 0.021) capsaicin concentrations, indicating potential dentinogenesis and pulp repair. CONCLUSION Capsaicin of lower concentrations, less than 10 µM, is likely to promote proliferation, migration, and ALP activity of dental pulp cells. Our findings offer potential applications for capsaicin as a medication for dental pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipot Khonglim
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Yukihiko Tamura
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mondal A, Banerjee S, Terang W, Bishayee A, Zhang J, Ren L, da Silva MN, Bishayee A. Capsaicin: A chili pepper bioactive phytocompound with a potential role in suppressing cancer development and progression. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1191-1223. [PMID: 38176910 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer profoundly influences morbidity and fatality rates worldwide. Patients often have dismal prognoses despite recent improvements in cancer therapy regimens. However, potent biomolecules derived from natural sources, including medicinal and dietary plants, contain biological and pharmacological properties to prevent and treat various human malignancies. Capsaicin is a bioactive phytocompound present in red hot chili peppers. Capsaicin has demonstrated many biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic capabilities. This review highlights the cellular and molecular pathways through which capsaicin exhibits antineoplastic activities. Our work also depicts the synergistic anticancer properties of capsaicin in conjunction with other natural bioactive components and approved anticancer drugs. Capsaicin inhibits proliferation in various cancerous cells, and its antineoplastic actions in numerous in vitro and in vivo carcinoma models impact oncogenesis, tumor-promoting and suppressor genes, and associated signaling pathways. Capsaicin alone or combined with other phytocompounds or approved antineoplastic drugs triggers cell cycle progression arrest, generating reactive oxygen species and disrupting mitochondrial membrane integrity, ultimately stimulating caspases and promoting death. Furthermore, capsaicin alone or in combination can promote apoptosis in carcinoma cells by enhancing the p53 and c-Myc gene expressions. In conclusion, capsaicin alone or in combination can have enormous potential for cancer prevention and intervention, but further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of this phytocompound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha, India
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol, India
| | - Wearank Terang
- Department of Pharmacology, Rahman Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kamrup, India
| | - Anusha Bishayee
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Milton Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Chemistry Post-Graduation Program, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Patwardhan CA, Kommalapati VK, Llbiyi T, Singh D, Alfa E, Horuzsko A, Korkaya H, Panda S, Reilly CA, Popik V, Chadli A. Capsaicin binds the N-terminus of Hsp90, induces lysosomal degradation of Hsp70, and enhances the anti-tumor effects of 17-AAG (Tanespimycin). Sci Rep 2023; 13:13790. [PMID: 37612326 PMCID: PMC10447550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its co-chaperones promote cancer, and targeting Hsp90 holds promise for cancer treatment. Most of the efforts to harness this potential have focused on targeting the Hsp90 N-terminus ATP binding site. Although newer-generation inhibitors have shown improved efficacy in aggressive cancers, induction of the cellular heat shock response (HSR) by these inhibitors is thought to limit their clinical efficacy. Therefore, Hsp90 inhibitors with novel mechanisms of action and that do not trigger the HSR would be advantageous. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which capsaicin inhibits Hsp90. Through mutagenesis, chemical modifications, and proteomic studies, we show that capsaicin binds to the N-terminus of Hsp90 and inhibits its ATPase activity. Consequently, capsaicin and its analogs inhibit Hsp90 ATPase-dependent progesterone receptor reconstitution in vitro. Capsaicin did not induce the HSR, instead, it promoted the degradation of Hsp70 through the lysosome-autophagy pathway. Remarkably, capsaicin did not induce degradation of the constitutively expressed cognate Hsc70, indicating selectivity for Hsp70. Combined treatments of capsaicin and the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG improved the anti-tumor efficacy of 17-AAG in cell culture and tridimensional tumor spheroid growth assays using breast and prostate cancer models. Consistent with this, in silico docking studies revealed that capsaicin binding to the ATP binding site of Hsp90 was distinct from classical N-terminus Hsp90 inhibitors, indicating a novel mechanism of action. Collectively, these findings support the use of capsaicin as a chemical scaffold to develop novel Hsp90 N-terminus inhibitors as well as its ability to be a potential cancer co-therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya A Patwardhan
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kommalapati
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Taoufik Llbiyi
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Eyad Alfa
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Siva Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Vladimir Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Guo R, Qiu H, Li H, Ma D, Guan Y, Wang Y. The Preemptive Analgesic Effect of Capsaicin Involves Attenuations of Epidermal Keratinocytes Proliferation and Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators After Plantar Incision in Rats. J Pain Res 2023; 16:141-149. [PMID: 36704542 PMCID: PMC9871044 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s395065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Subcutaneous infiltration of capsaicin, which initially activates transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors, can subsequently desensitize TRPV1-expressing nociceptors and induce analgesia in different pain models. Yet, whether the modulation of keratinocytes may also contribute to the analgesic action of capsaicin treatment remains unclear. In a rat model of postoperative pain, we tested the hypothesis that subcutaneous injection of capsaicin inhibited the proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and their expression of pronociceptive inflammatory mediators after plantar incision. Methods The plantar incision model was carried out in the current study. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate postoperative pain-related behaviors in rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate epidermal keratinocytes proliferation and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes in rats. Results Behaviorally, plantar incision induced robust postoperative pain hypersensitivity. However, subcutaneous pretreatment of capsaicin (1%) but not the vehicle, prevented the development of postoperative pain. There was an increased proliferation of keratinocytes and the expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in keratinocytes at 3 d and 7 d after plantar incision. However, these changes were also significantly attenuated by capsaicin pretreatment. Conclusion Our findings suggest that capsaicin pretreatment may inhibit incision-induced keratinocytes proliferation and reduce their expression of pronociceptive inflammatory mediators under postoperative pain conditions, which represents a peripheral non-neuronal mechanism of capsaicin-induced analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanrong Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danxu Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yun Wang, Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-010-85231330, Fax +86-10-65077808, Email
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Bal S, Sharangi AB, Upadhyay TK, Khan F, Pandey P, Siddiqui S, Saeed M, Lee HJ, Yadav DK. Biomedical and Antioxidant Potentialities in Chilli: Perspectives and Way Forward. Molecules 2022; 27:6380. [PMID: 36234927 PMCID: PMC9570844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, since ages and nowadays, traditional medicine is well known, owing to its biodiversity, which immensely contributed to the advancement and development of complementary and alternative medicines. There is a wide range of spices, herbs, and trees known for their medicinal uses. Chilli peppers, a vegetable cum spice crop, are bestowed with natural bioactive compounds, flavonoids, capsaicinoids, phytochemicals, phytonutrients, and pharmacologically active compounds with potential health benefits. Such compounds manifest their functionality over solo-treatment by operating in synergy and consortium. Co-action of these compounds and nutrients make them potentially effective against coagulation, obesity, diabetes, inflammation, dreadful diseases, such as cancer, and microbial diseases, alongside having good anti-oxidants with scavenging ability to free radicals and oxygen. In recent times, capsaicinoids especially capsaicin can ameliorate important viral diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2. In addition, capsaicin provides an ability to chilli peppers to ramify as topical agents in pain-relief and also benefitting man as a potential effective anesthetic agent. Such phytochemicals involved not only make them useful and a much economical substitute to wonder/artificial drugs but can be exploited as obscene drugs for the production of novel stuffs. The responsibility of the TRPV1 receptor in association with capsaicin in mitigating chronic diseases has also been justified in this study. Nonetheless, medicinal studies pertaining to consumption of chilli peppers are limited and demand confirmation of the findings from animal studies. In this artifact, an effort has been made to address in an accessible format the nutritional and biomedical perspectives of chilli pepper, which could precisely upgrade and enrich our pharmaceutical industries towards human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solanki Bal
- Department of Vegetable Science, BCKV-Agricultural University, Mohanpur 741252, India
| | - Amit Baran Sharangi
- Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Crops, BCKV-Agricultural University, Mohanpur 741252, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Samra Siddiqui
- Department Health Services Management, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
| | - Dharmendra K. Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Hambakmoeiro 191, Gachon University, Incheon 21924, Korea
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Que T, Ren B, Fan Y, Liu T, Hou T, Dan W, Liu B, Wei Y, Lei Y, Zeng J, Li L. Capsaicin inhibits the migration, invasion and EMT of renal cancer cells by inducing AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110043. [PMID: 36044967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP), extracted from Capsicum fruits, has been reported to exhibit antitumor effects in various lines of cancer cells. However, the mechanism underlying its antitumor efficiency is not fully understood. Autophagy is a fundamental self-degradation process of cells that maintains homeostasis and plays a controversial role in tumor initiation and progression. The EMT is defined as a system regulating cells transformed from an epithelial-like phenotype into a mesenchymal phenotype by several internal and external factors, following the metastatic performance of the cells developed. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of autophagy in CAP-induced antitumor effects in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 786-O and CAKI-1 cell lines. The results revealed that CAP remarkably inhibited the migration and invasion of RCC cells in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, we found that the CAP treatment increased the formation of autophagolysosome vacuoles and LC3 yellow and red fluorescent puncta in RCC cells and upregulated the expression of LC3, suggesting that autophagy was induced by CAP in 786-O and CAKI-1 cell lines. Our further results demonstrated that CAP-induced autophagy was mediated by the AMPK/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, our study provides new knowledge of the potential relationship between autophagy and metastasis inhibition induced by CAP, which might be a promising therapeutic strategy in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Que
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bingyi Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yizeng Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tianjie Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tao Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Weichao Dan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuzeshi Lei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China.
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Feng J, Xu Y, Wei Z, Xia Y, Zhang H, Shen C, Wang P, Yan W, Fang D, Fang Y. Capsaicin inhibits migration and invasion via inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by up-regulation of claudin-3 expression. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Luo L, Zhang G, Wu T, Wu G. Prognostic Value of E2F Transcription Factor Expression in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e933443. [PMID: 34799547 PMCID: PMC8611937 DOI: 10.12659/msm.933443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the deadliest types of cancer. In the early stages, patients often have atypical symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. The prognosis of diagnosed patients is very poor and treating PAAD is challenging. Therefore, determining reliable risk factors related to PAAD development is critical for improving patient prognosis. E2F family transcription factors (TFs) are essential regulators of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression in eukaryotic cells, and they have been identified as prognostic biomarkers associated with multiple cancer types. However, further research is necessary to establish the prognostic relevance of these TFs in PAAD patients. Material/Methods We assessed PAAD patient transcriptional and outcome data using the TIMER, ONCOMINE, STRING, GEPIA, cBioPortal, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, GSCALite, and starBase databases. Results PAAD tumor tissues exhibited increased expression of E2F1/3/5/7/8 relative to that in normal tissues, while the expression of E2F2/3/6/8 was associated with a more advanced tumor stage. Survival analyses indicated that PAAD patients expressing higher levels of E2F1/2/3/7/8 exhibited shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than patients expressing lower levels of these TFs. In addition, E2F4 and E2F6 overexpression was associated with poorer DFS and OS, respectively. We also found that the expression of E2Fs was significantly correlated with immune infiltrates, including CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Conclusions Our study may provide new insights into the optimal choice of immunotherapy and promising novel targets for therapeutic intervention in PAAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Gerui Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Taihua Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Roles of Therapeutic Bioactive Compounds in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9068850. [PMID: 34754365 PMCID: PMC8572616 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9068850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is due to poor prognosis and lack of availability of effective treatment. Novel therapeutic strategies will be the fine tuning of intracellular ROS signaling to effectively deprive cells of ROS-induced tumor-promoting events. This review discusses the generation of ROS, the major signaling their modulation in therapeutics. We explore some of the major pathways involved in HCC, which include the VEGF, MAPK/ERK, mTOR, FGF, and Ser/Thr kinase pathways. In this review, we study cornerstone on natural bioactive compounds with their effect on hepatocarcinomas. Furthermore, we focus on oxidative stress and FDA-approved signaling pathway inhibitors, along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhancers which with early evidence of success. While more in vivo testing is required to confirm the findings presented here, our findings will aid future nonclinical, preclinical, and clinical studies with these compounds, as well as inspire medicinal chemistry scientists to conduct appropriate research on this promising natural compound and their derivatives.
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Wang F, Xue Y, Fu L, Wang Y, He M, Zhao L, Liao X. Extraction, purification, bioactivity and pharmacological effects of capsaicin: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5322-5348. [PMID: 33591238 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1884840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a well-known vanilloid, which is the main spicy component in chili peppers, showing several biological activities and the potential applications range from food flavorings to therapeutics. Traditional extraction of capsaicin by organic solvents was time-consuming, some new methods such as aqueous two-phase method and ionic liquid extraction method have been developed. During past few decades, an ample variety of biological effects of capsaicin have been evaluated. Capsaicin can be used in biofilms and antifouling coatings due to its antimicrobial activity, allowing it has a promising application in food packaging, food preservation, marine environment and dental therapy. Capsaicin also play a crucial role in metabolic disorders, including weight loss, pressure lowing and insulin reduction effects. In addition, capsaicin was identified effective on preventing human cancers, such as lung cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer and breast cancer by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation of tumor cells. Previous research also suggest the positive effects of capsaicin on pain relief and cognitive impairment. Capsaicin, the agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), could selectively activate TRPV1, inducing Ca2+ influx and related signaling pathways. Recently, gut microbiota was also involved in some diseases therapeutics, but its influence on the effects of capsaicin still need to be deeply studied. In this review, different extraction and purification methods of capsaicin, its biological activities and pharmacological effects were systematically summarized, as well as the possible mechanisms were also deeply discussed. This article will give an updated and better understanding of capsaicin-related biological effects and provide theoretical basis for its further research and applications in human health and manufacture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhang Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Fu
- ACK Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minxia He
- ACK Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Tung CL, Chen JC, Ko JC, Liu LL, Chien CC, Huang IH, Tsao YC, Cheng HH, Chen TY, Yen TC, Lin YW. Capsaicin Acts Through Reducing P38 MAPK-Dependent Thymidylate Synthase Expression to Enhance 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x21993335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, an ingredient of green and red bell peppers, shows anticancer activity in several malignant cell lines. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a well-validated anticancer drug target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, whether capsaicin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induce synergistic cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells by regulating TS expression is unclear. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of capsaicin and 5-FU co-treatment on two hoursuman lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, H520 and H1703, and the underlying mechanisms. Capsaicin decreased TS expression in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inactivation–dependent manner in H520 and H1703 cells. Enhancement of p38 MAPK activity by transfection with constitutive active mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase six vectors increased TS expression and cell survival. In addition, capsaicin and 5-FU co-treatment enhanced synergistic cytotoxicity and inhibited cell growth associated with TS downregulation and p38 MAPK inactivation in H520 and H1703 cells. Capsaicin and 5-FU co-treatment did not affect the cellular content of capsaicin. These results show that capsaicin may be combined with 5-FU to treat NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Tung
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi
| | - Jyh-Cheng Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Jen-Chung Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch
| | - Li-Ling Liu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Chin-Cheng Chien
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - I-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Yong-Cing Tsao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Hsiang-Hung Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Ting-Chuan Yen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Yun-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
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13
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Kim KB, Kim Y, Rivard CJ, Kim DW, Park KS. FGFR1 Is Critical for RBL2 Loss-Driven Tumor Development and Requires PLCG1 Activation for Continued Growth of Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5051-5062. [PMID: 32973083 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains a recalcitrant disease where limited therapeutic options have not improved overall survival, and approved targeted therapies are lacking. Amplification of the tyrosine kinase receptor FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) is one of the few actionable alterations found in the SCLC genome. However, efforts to develop targeted therapies for FGFR1-amplified SCLC are hindered by critical gaps in knowledge around the molecular origins and mediators of FGFR1-driven signaling as well as the physiologic impact of targeting FGFR1. Here we show that increased FGFR1 promotes tumorigenic progression in precancerous neuroendocrine cells and is required for SCLC development in vivo. Notably, Fgfr1 knockout suppressed tumor development in a mouse model lacking the retinoblastoma-like protein 2 (Rbl2) tumor suppressor gene but did not affect a model with wild-type Rbl2. In support of a functional interaction between these two genes, loss of RBL2 induced FGFR1 expression and restoration of RBL2 repressed it, suggesting a novel role for RBL2 as a regulator of FGFR1 in SCLC. Additionally, FGFR1 activated phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1), whereas chemical inhibition of PLCG1 suppressed SCLC growth, implicating PLCG1 as an effector of FGFR1 signaling in SCLC. Collectively, this study uncovers mechanisms underlying FGFR1-driven SCLC that involve RBL2 upstream and PLCG1 downstream, thus providing potential biomarkers for anti-FGFR1 therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies RBL2 and PLCG1 as critical components of amplified FGFR1 signaling in SCLC, thus representing potential targets for biomarker analysis and therapeutic development in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Beom Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Research Center Tampa Bay, Florida
| | | | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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14
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Efferth T, Oesch F. Repurposing of plant alkaloids for cancer therapy: Pharmacology and toxicology. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:143-163. [PMID: 31883912 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing (or repositioning) is an emerging concept to use old drugs for new treatment indications. Phytochemicals isolated from medicinal plants have been largely neglected in this context, although their pharmacological activities have been well investigated in the past, and they may have considerable potentials for repositioning. A grand number of plant alkaloids inhibit syngeneic or xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Molecular modes of action in cancer cells include induction of cell cycle arrest, intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, autophagy, inhibition of angiogenesis and glycolysis, stress and anti-inflammatory responses, regulation of immune functions, cellular differentiation, and inhibition of invasion and metastasis. Numerous underlying signaling processes are affected by plant alkaloids. Furthermore, plant alkaloids suppress carcinogenesis, indicating chemopreventive properties. Some plant alkaloids reveal toxicities such as hepato-, nephro- or genotoxicity, which disqualifies them for repositioning purposes. Others even protect from hepatotoxicity or cardiotoxicity of xenobiotics and established anticancer drugs. The present survey of the published literature clearly demonstrates that plant alkaloids have the potential for repositioning in cancer therapy. Exploitation of the chemical diversity of natural alkaloids may enrich the candidate pool of compounds for cancer chemotherapy and -prevention. Their further preclinical and clinical development should follow the same stringent rules as for any other synthetic drug as well. Prospective randomized, placebo-controlled clinical phase I and II trials should be initiated to unravel the full potential of plant alkaloids for drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Franz Oesch
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Qin L, Wang Y, Gong Y, Chen J, Xu B, Tang L, Guo L, Xie J. Capsaicin metabolites and GSH-associated detoxification and biotransformation pathways in human liver microsomes revealed by LC-HRMS/MS with data-mining tools. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1133:121843. [PMID: 31704446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) is a principal pungent ingredient in hot peppers, it is also employed as a common food additive, an efficient pharmaceutical component, or even a riot control agent. CAP exerts various pharmacological activities as well as associated adverse physiological responses and causes moderate toxicity if overused. A full screening and identification of CAP metabolites in combination with its main detoxification pathways are crucial for the clear demonstration on its pharmacological and toxicological significance. Here, we employed a post-acquisition data-mining metabolic screening approach to rapidly find and identify a broad range of CAP metabolites generated from in vitro human liver microsomes, based on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap high resolution tandem mass spectrometric method. First, we collected full scan MS and MS/MS data sets by a data-dependent acquisition method in positive ion mode, and then we employed a modified mass defect filter and a diagnostic ion filter to screen and identify all the probable CAP metabolites, combining with information including retention time, accurate mass, characteristic fragments, and relevant drug biotransformation patterns. In comparison with the stable isotope-labeled CAP involved biotransformation products, we confirmed 19 functionalized metabolites and 13 glutathione (GSH) conjugates of CAP, in which 13 metabolites are reported for the first time. We then briefly depicted an overview metabolic pathway of CAP from the GSH detoxification viewpoint, revealed that various metabolites of CAP can be generated from single or multiple biotransformation and metabolic reactions. Both CAP and its reactive metabolites produced relevant GSH conjugates, which indicates a wide and important detoxification value of GSH conjugation way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Qin
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China; College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
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16
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Friedman JR, Richbart SD, Merritt JC, Brown KC, Denning KL, Tirona MT, Valentovic MA, Miles SL, Dasgupta P. Capsaicinoids: Multiple effects on angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis in human cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109317. [PMID: 31404777 PMCID: PMC6759410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is a complex multistep process comprising of angiogenesis of the primary tumor, its invasion into the surrounding stroma and its migration to distant organs to produce metastases. Nutritional compounds of the "capsaicinoid" family regulate angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis of tumors. Capsaicinoids display robust anti-angiogenic activity in both cell culture and mice models. However, conflicting reports exist about the effect of capsaicinoids on invasion of metastasis of cancers. While some published reports have described an anti-invasive and anti-metastatic role for capsaicinoids, others have argued that capsaicinoids stimulate invasion and metastasis of cancers. The present review article summarizes these findings involving the bioactivity of capsaicin in angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis of cancer. A survey of literature indicate that they are several articles summarizing the growth-inhibitory activity of capsaicinoids but few describe its effects on angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis in detail. Our review article fills this gap of knowledge. The discovery of a second generation of natural and synthetic capsaicin analogs (with anti-tumor activity) will pave the way to improved strategies for the treatment of several human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV 25755, United States
| | - Stephen D Richbart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV 25755, United States
| | - Justin C Merritt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV 25755, United States
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV 25755, United States
| | - Krista L Denning
- Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV 25755, United States
| | - Maria T Tirona
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Cabell Huntington Hospital, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, WV 25701, United States
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV 25755, United States
| | - Sarah L Miles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV 25755, United States
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV 25755, United States.
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17
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Zhang S, Wang D, Huang J, Hu Y, Xu Y. Application of capsaicin as a potential new therapeutic drug in human cancers. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 45:16-28. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Zhang
- Department of Surgical Urology The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen China
| | - Dian Wang
- College of Pharmacy Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jingying Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
| | - Yueming Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
| | - Yafei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen China
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18
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Transcriptional E2F1/2/5/8 as potential targets and transcriptional E2F3/6/7 as new biomarkers for the prognosis of human lung carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:973-987. [PMID: 29754146 PMCID: PMC5990399 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
E2F is a group of genes that encode a family of transcription factors (TFs) in higher eukaryotes and participate in cell cycle regulation and DNA synthesis in mammalian cells. Evidence from cell lines, mouse models, and human tissues indicates that TFs are implicated in lung cancer (LC) tumorigenesis. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of eight E2Fs have yet to be elucidated. In the current study, we examined the transcriptional and survival data of E2Fs in patients with LC from ONCOMINE, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and cBioPortal databases. We found that the expression levels of E2F1/2/3/5/6/7/8 were higher in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma tissues than in lung tissues, whereas the expression level of E2F4 was lower in the former than in the latter. The expression levels of E2F2/4/5/7/8 were correlated with advanced tumor stage. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database revealed that the high transcription levels of E2F1/2/4/5/7/8 were associated with low relapse-free survival (RFS) in all of the patients with LC. Conversely, high E2F3/6 levels predicted high RFS in these patients. This study implied that E2F3/6/7 are potential targets of precision therapy for patients with LC and that E2F1/2/4/5/8 are new biomarkers for the prognosis of LC.
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19
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Capsaicin induces a protective effect on gastric mucosa along with decreased expression of inflammatory molecules in a gastritis model. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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20
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Kamaruddin MF, Hossain MZ, Mohamed Alabsi A, Mohd Bakri M. The Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Capsaicin on an Oral Squamous Cancer Cell Line of Asian Origin, ORL-48. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55070322. [PMID: 31261824 PMCID: PMC6681303 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The antitumor activities of capsaicin on various types of cancer cell lines have been reported but the effect of capsaicin on oral cancer, which is prevalent among Asians, are very limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of capsaicin on ORL-48, an oral cancer cell line of Asian origin. Materials and Methods: Morphological changes of the ORL-48 cells treated with capsaicin were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. The apoptotic-inducing activity of capsaicin was further confirmed by Annexin V-Fluorescein isothiocyanate / Propidium iodide (V-FITC/PI) staining using flow cytometry. In order to establish the pathway of apoptosis triggered by the compound on ORL-48 cells, caspase activity was determined and the mitochondrial pathway was verified by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay. Cell cycle analysis was also performed to identify the cell cycle phase of ORL-48 cells being inhibited by the capsaicin compound. Results: Fluorescence microscopy exhibited the presence of apoptotic features in capsaicin-treated ORL-48 cells. Apoptosis of capsaicin-treated ORL-48 cells revealed disruption of the mitochondrial-membrane potential, activation of caspase-3, -7 and -9 through an intrinsic apoptotic pathway and subsequently, apoptotic DNA fragmentation. The cell cycle arrest occurred in the G1-phase, confirming antiproliferative effect of capsaicin in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that capsaicin is cytotoxic against ORL-48 cells and induces apoptosis in ORL-48 cells possibly through mitochondria mediated intrinsic pathway resulting in cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Firdaus Kamaruddin
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| | - Aied Mohamed Alabsi
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahsa University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marina Mohd Bakri
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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21
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Chen JC, Ko JC, Yen TC, Chen TY, Lin YC, Ma PF, Lin YW. Capsaicin enhances erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity via AKT inactivation and excision repair cross-complementary 1 (ERCC1) down-regulation in human lung cancer cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:459-470. [PMID: 31160978 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, a natural active ingredient of green and red peppers, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-cancer properties in several malignant cell lines. Excision repair cross-complementary 1 (ERCC1) has a leading role in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) process because of its involvement in the excision of DNA adducts. Erlotinib (TarcevaR) is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has demonstrated clinical activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, whether capsaicin and erlotinib could induce synergistic cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells through modulating ERCC1 expression is unknown. In this study, capsaicin decreased the ERCC1 expression in an AKT inactivation dependent manner in two human lung adenocarcinoma cells, namely, A549 and H1975. Enhancement of AKT activity by transfection with constitutive active AKT vectors increased the ERCC1 protein level as well as the cell survival by capsaicin. Moreover, capsaicin synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition of erlotinib in NSCLC cells, which were associated with the down-regulation of ERCC1 expression and inactivation of AKT in A549 and H1975 cells. Together, these results may provide a rationale to combine capsaicin with erlotinib for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Cheng Chen
- Department of Food Science , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chung Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Hsin-Chu Branch , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chuan Yen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-5-271-7770
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-5-271-7770
| | - Yuan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-5-271-7770
| | - Peng-Fang Ma
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-5-271-7770
| | - Yun-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-5-271-7770
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22
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Helvaci N, Cömertpay S. In vitro evaluation of the effects of capsaicin on normal and cancerous cells of human cartilage. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:422-434. [PMID: 30930626 PMCID: PMC6438123 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1804-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a common form of bone cancer which effects the fibrous connective tissue around a joint. It most commonly develops in legs, arms, shoulder blades, rib cage, and pelvis. Capsaicin is an active bitter compound found in red pepper, the fruit of the species Capsicum annuum, and it has been shown to have a lethal effect on different types of cancer. However, to date, investigation of its effect on human chondrosarcoma cells has remained limited. In the study presented here, we determined IC50 values of capsaicin for chondrosarcoma and chondrocyte cells in both fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing and FBS-deprived media, and no statistically significant difference was found between the cell types. Besides, when the cells were cultured with capsaicin at their determined IC50 value for 24 h and their caspase-3 gene expression levels were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and western blotting, it was demonstrated that the caspase-3 protein and mRNA levels were not altered in any cells upon capsaicin exposure, suggesting a caspase-independent pathway for cell death. Migration and invasion abilities of the cancerous cells, on the other hand, were observed to decrease dramatically when the cells were exposed to capsaicin (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Helvaci
- Department of Bioengineering and Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey
| | - Sabahattin Cömertpay
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering and Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey
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23
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Lin RJ, Wu IJ, Hong JY, Liu BH, Liang RY, Yuan TM, Chuang SM. Capsaicin-induced TRIB3 upregulation promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4237-4248. [PMID: 30323679 PMCID: PMC6177521 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s162383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is one of the main pungent components of chili peppers and has been shown to exert various effects on numerous physiological processes. Recent studies have focused on the chemopreventive effects of capsaicin, which can combat growth in various human cancer cell systems. The tribbles-related protein 3 (TRIB3) is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to humans. In the latter, TRIB3 is a key determinant in numerous cellular processes, including apoptosis. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the importance of TRIB3 in the antitumor efficacy of capsaicin in human cancer cells, and further assess potential mechanism(s) underlying the capsaicin-induced upregulation of TRIB3. Methods Human cancer cell lines were treated with capsaicin, then evaluated for levels of TRIB3 and molecules related to apoptosis or signaling pathways. The impact of TRIB3 on capsaicin-induced apoptosis was investigated using si-RNA or overexpression of TRIB3. Results It is the first time to show that TRIB3 is targeted by capsaicin to promote apoptosis. Capsaicin promotes apoptotic cell death by upregulating TRIB3 expression in cancer cells. Overexpression of TRIB3 enhances capsaicin-induced apoptosis, and TRIB3 knockdown experiments demonstrate that the effect of capsaicin in apoptotic cell death is correlated with the induction of TRIB3 in cancer cells. Finally, enhancements in gene expression and protein stability are involved in the capsaicin-induced upregulation of TRIB3. Conclusion Our results show that the capsaicin-induced upregulation of TRIB3 triggers apoptosis and thereby contributes to the suppression of cell growth in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jaan Lin
- College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University.,Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare
| | - I-Jung Wu
- College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University.,Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare
| | - Jo-Yu Hong
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
| | - Bang-Hung Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University,
| | - Ruei-Yue Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University,
| | - Tein-Ming Yuan
- Surgery Department, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare
| | - Show-Mei Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, .,Department of Nursing, Asia University, .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
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Abstract
Growing modernization and lifestyle changes with limited physical activity have impacted diet and health, leading to an increased cancer mortality rate worldwide. As a result, there is a greater need than before to develop safe and novel anticancer drugs. Current treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, induce unintended side effects, compromising patient's quality of life, and physical well-being. Therefore, there has been an increased global interest in the use of dietary supplements and traditional herbal medicines for treatment of cancer. Recently, nutraceuticals or "natural" substances isolated from food have attracted considerable attention in the cancer field. Emerging research suggests that nutraceuticals may indeed prevent and protect against cancer. The intent of this article is to review some of the current spice-derived nutraceuticals in the treatment of melanoma and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapoorna Sreedhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Dasari S, Samy ALPA, Narvekar P, Dontaraju VS, Dasari R, Kornienko A, Munirathinam G. Polygodial analog induces apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 828:154-162. [PMID: 29572068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of death in American men. The chemotherapeutic treatment strategies are generally not effective and can lead to side effects. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify novel chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the therapeutic effects of a synthetic analog of polygodial (PG), a pungent constituent abundantly present in mountain pepper, water pepper and dorrigo pepper, on LNCaP PCa cell line and its anti-cancer mechanisms in a preclinical study. We evaluated the anti-cancer potential of the PG analog namely DRP-27 using various assays such as cell viability by MTT assay, anchorage independent growth by soft agar assay, reactive oxygen species generation by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein probe-based fluorescence assay, and apoptosis by Annexin-V and TUNEL assays respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to identify the molecular mechanism of DRP-27-induced cell death. Our results showed that DRP-27 significantly inhibited LNCaP cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner at 48 h treatment in vitro. In addition, DRP-27 potently inhibited anchorage-independent growth of these cells. Flow cytometry, Annexin-V and TUNEL assays confirmed that DRP-27 induces apoptosis in LNCaP cells. DRP-27 also induced the activation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Western blot analysis revealed that DRP-27 downregulated the expression of survivin, while activating Bax and DNA damage marker pH2AX in LNCaP cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that DRP-27 might be an effective anti-cancer agent for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Dasari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, USA
| | | | - Parnal Narvekar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, USA
| | | | - Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Gnanasekar Munirathinam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, USA.
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Kunnumakkara AB, Sailo BL, Banik K, Harsha C, Prasad S, Gupta SC, Bharti AC, Aggarwal BB. Chronic diseases, inflammation, and spices: how are they linked? J Transl Med 2018; 16:14. [PMID: 29370858 PMCID: PMC5785894 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research within the last several decades has revealed that the major risk factors for most chronic diseases are infections, obesity, alcohol, tobacco, radiation, environmental pollutants, and diet. It is now well established that these factors induce chronic diseases through induction of inflammation. However, inflammation could be either acute or chronic. Acute inflammation persists for a short duration and is the host defense against infections and allergens, whereas the chronic inflammation persists for a long time and leads to many chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, respiratory diseases, etc. Numerous lines of evidence suggest that the aforementioned risk factors induced cancer through chronic inflammation. First, transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3 that regulate expression of inflammatory gene products, have been found to be constitutively active in most cancers; second, chronic inflammation such as pancreatitis, prostatitis, hepatitis etc. leads to cancers; third, activation of NF-κB and STAT3 leads to cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis; fourth, activation of NF-κB and STAT3 leads to resistance to chemotherapy and radiation, and hypoxia and acidic conditions activate these transcription factors. Therefore, targeting these pathways may provide opportunities for both prevention and treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases. We will discuss in this review the potential of various dietary agents such as spices and its components in the suppression of inflammatory pathways and their roles in the prevention and therapy of cancer and other chronic diseases. In fact, epidemiological studies do indicate that cancer incidence in countries such as India where spices are consumed daily is much lower (94/100,000) than those where spices are not consumed such as United States (318/100,000), suggesting the potential role of spices in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Bethsebie L Sailo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
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27
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Pharmacotherapeutic potential of phytochemicals: Implications in cancer chemoprevention and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:564-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Caetano BFR, Tablas MB, Pereira NEF, de Moura NA, Carvalho RF, Rodrigues MAM, Barbisan LF. Capsaicin reduces genotoxicity, colonic cell proliferation and preneoplastic lesions induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 338:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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1 H NMR studies of molecular interaction of D-glucosamine and N -acetyl-D-glucosamine with capsaicin in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Carbohydr Res 2017; 452:6-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Yilmaz N, Eksin E, Karacicek B, Eraç Y, Erdem A. Electrochemical detection of interaction between capsaicin and nucleic acids in comparison to agarose gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2017; 535:56-62. [PMID: 28760672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the biomolecular interaction occurred between nucleic acids and Capsaicin (CPS), the active compound in chilli peppers, which has been reported to have anti-carcinogenic properties, was investigated for the first time herein using disposable electrochemical biosensor. It is aimed to perform the surface-confined interaction between CPS and different types of nucleic acids and under this aim, the experimental conditions were optimized; such as, the concentration of CPS and DNA, DNA immobilization time and interaction time etc. The detection limit of DNA was estimated based on guanine oxidation signal in the linear concentration range of DNA from 1 to 5 μg/mL, and it was found to be 0.62 μg/mL. The effect of time-dependent manner from 1 min to 30 min on the interaction of CPS with nucleic acids was explored upon to the changes at guanine signal coming from double stranded DNA and cDNA as well as PCR samples. The interaction of CPS with double stranded DNA was also determined by agarose gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Yilmaz
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; Biomedical Technologies Department, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Eksin
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; Biotechnology Department, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bilge Karacicek
- Stem Cell Department, Institue of Health Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Eraç
- Stem Cell Department, Institue of Health Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Arzum Erdem
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; Biomedical Technologies Department, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; Biotechnology Department, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
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31
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Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Nabavizadeh A, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:158-181. [PMID: 28823533 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that better food habits do play important role in cancer prevention and treatment, how dietary agents mediate their effects remains poorly understood. More than thousand different polyphenols have been identified from dietary plants. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanism by which dietary agents can modulate a variety of cell-signaling pathways linked to cancer, including transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activator protein-1 (AP-1), β-catenin/Wnt, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor- gamma (PPAR-γ), Sonic Hedgehog, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2); growth factors receptors (EGFR, VEGFR, IGF1-R); protein Kinases (Ras/Raf, mTOR, PI3K, Bcr-abl and AMPK); and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, interleukins, COX-2, 5-LOX). In addition, modulation of proteasome and epigenetic changes by the dietary agents also play a major role in their ability to control cancer. Both in vitro and animal based studies support the role of dietary agents in cancer. The efficacy of dietary agents by clinical trials has also been reported. Importantly, natural agents are already in clinical trials against different kinds of cancer. Overall both in vitro and in vivo studies performed with dietary agents strongly support their role in cancer prevention. Thus, the famous quote "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" made by Hippocrates 25 centuries ago still holds good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
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32
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An updated review on molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of capsaicin. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1-13. [PMID: 30263503 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for developing anticancer principles from natural sources has a long historical track record and remarkable success stories. The pungent principle of hot chili pepper, capsaicin, has been a subject of research for anticancer drug discovery for more than three decades. However, the majority of research has revealed that capsaicin interferes with various hallmarks of cancer, such as increased cell proliferation, evasion from apoptosis, inflammation, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and tumor immune escape. Moreover, the compound has been reported to inhibit carcinogen activation and chemically induced experimental tumor growth. Capsaicin has also been reported to inhibit the activation of various kinases and transcription that are involved in tumor promotion and progression. The compound activated mitochondria-dependent and death receptor-mediated tumor cell apoptosis. Considering the growing interest in capsaicin, this review provides an update on the molecular targets of capsaicin in modulating oncogenic signaling.
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33
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Friedman JR, Perry HE, Brown KC, Gao Y, Lin J, Stevenson CD, Hurley JD, Nolan NA, Akers AT, Chen YC, Denning KL, Brown LG, Dasgupta P. Capsaicin synergizes with camptothecin to induce increased apoptosis in human small cell lung cancers via the calpain pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 129:54-66. [PMID: 28104436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by excellent initial response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy with a majority of the patients showing tumor shrinkage and even remission. However, the challenge with SCLC therapy is that patients inevitably relapse and subsequently do not respond to the first line treatment. Recent clinical studies have investigated the possibility of camptothecin-based combination therapy as first line treatment for SCLC patients. Conventionally, camptothecin is used for recurrent SCLC and has poor survival outcomes. Therefore, drugs which can improve the therapeutic index of camptothecin should be valuable for SCLC therapy. Extensive evidence shows that nutritional compounds like capsaicin (the spicy compound of chili peppers) can improve the anti-cancer activity of chemotherapeutic drugs in both cell lines and animal models. Statistical analysis shows that capsaicin synergizes with camptothecin to enhance apoptosis of human SCLC cells. The synergistic activity of camptothecin and capsaicin is observed in both classical and variant SCLC cell lines and, in vivo, in human SCLC tumors xenotransplanted on chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models. The synergistic activity of capsaicin and camptothecin are mediated by elevation of intracellular calcium and the calpain pathway. Our data foster hope for novel nutrition based combination therapies in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Haley E Perry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Biology, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, United States
| | - Ju Lin
- Department of Biology, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, United States
| | - Cathyrn D Stevenson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - John D Hurley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Nicholas A Nolan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Austin T Akers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- Department of Biology, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, United States
| | - Krista L Denning
- Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Linda G Brown
- Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
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Xie L, Xiang GH, Tang T, Tang Y, Zhao LY, Liu D, Zhang YR, Tang JT, Zhou S, Wu DH. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin induce apoptosis in human glioma cells via ROS and Ca2+‑mediated mitochondrial pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4198-4208. [PMID: 27748914 PMCID: PMC5101924 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor and one of the most invasive and aggressive tumors, which, even with treatments including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, often relapses and exhibits resistance to conventional treatment methods. Developing novel strategies to control human glioma is, therefore, an important research focus. The present study investigated the mechanism of apoptosis induction in U251 human glioma cells by capsaicin (Cap) and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), the major pungent ingredients of red chili pepper, using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, transmission electron microscopy analysis, flow cytometry analysis, laser scanning confocal microscope analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Treatment of U251 glioma cells with Cap and DHC resulted in a dose‑ and time‑dependent inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis, whereas few effects were observed on the viability of L929 normal murine fibroblast cells. The apoptosis‑inducing effects of Cap and DHC in U251 cells were associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species, increased Ca2+ concentrations, mitochondrial depolarization, release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and activation of caspase‑9 and ‑3. These effects were further confirmed by observations of the anti‑tumor effects of Cap and DHC in vivo in a U251 cell murine tumor xenograft model. These results demonstrate that Cap and DHC are effective inhibitors of in vitro and in vivo survival of human glioma cells, and provide the rationale for further clinical investigation of Cap and DHC as treatments for human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hong Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao Marine Microbiological Engineering & Research Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Zhangjiajie, Zhangjiajie, Hunan 427000, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - You-Ren Zhang
- Service Center of Beijing Tongzhou International Medical Center, Beijing 101117, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Tian Tang
- Laboratory of Innovative Medical Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Da-Hua Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
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Zheng J, Zhou Y, Li Y, Xu DP, Li S, Li HB. Spices for Prevention and Treatment of Cancers. Nutrients 2016; 8:E495. [PMID: 27529277 PMCID: PMC4997408 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spices have been widely used as food flavorings and folk medicines for thousands of years. Numerous studies have documented the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of spices, which might be related to prevention and treatment of several cancers, including lung, liver, breast, stomach, colorectum, cervix, and prostate cancers. Several spices are potential sources for prevention and treatment of cancers, such as Curcuma longa (tumeric), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Allium sativum (garlic), Crocus sativus (saffron), Piper nigrum (black pepper) and Capsicum annum (chili pepper), which contained several important bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, thymoquinone, piperine and capsaicin. The main mechanisms of action include inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion of tumors, and sensitizing tumors to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review summarized recent studies on some spices for prevention and treatment of cancers, and special attention was paid to bioactive components and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Capsaicin: From Plants to a Cancer-Suppressing Agent. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21080931. [PMID: 27472308 PMCID: PMC6274000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are plant secondary metabolites, capsaicin being the principal responsible for the pungency of chili peppers. It is biosynthesized through two pathways involved in phenylpropanoid and fatty acid metabolism. Plant capsaicin concentration is mainly affected by genetic, environmental and crop management factors. However, its synthesis can be enhanced by the use of elicitors. Capsaicin is employed as food additive and in pharmaceutical applications. Additionally, it has been found that capsaicin can act as a cancer preventive agent and shows wide applications against various types of cancer. This review is an approach in contextualizing the use of controlled stress on the plant to increase the content of capsaicin, highlighting its synthesis and its potential use as anticancer agent.
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Hurley JD, Akers AT, Friedman JR, Nolan NA, Brown KC, Dasgupta P. Non-pungent long chain capsaicin-analogs arvanil and olvanil display better anti-invasive activity than capsaicin in human small cell lung cancers. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 11:80-97. [PMID: 27196129 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1187368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional compound capsaicin inhibits the invasion of many types of human cancers. The clinical development of capsaicin as an anti-cancer drug is limited due to its unfavorable side effects like burning sensation, stomach cramps, gut pain and nausea. This study compared the anti-invasive activity of capsaicin to non-pungent long chain capsaicin analogs, namely arvanil and olvanil, in human small cell lung cancer cells. Boyden chamber invasion assays revealed that arvanil and olvanil displayed improved anti-invasive activity relative to capsaicin in human SCLC cells. The results of the Boyden chamber assay were confirmed by the spherical invasion assay, and similar results were obtained. The anti-invasive activity of arvanil, olvanil and capsaicin were independent of TRPV and CB1 receptors. Furthermore, the anti-invasive activity of arvanil, olvanil and capsaicin was mediated by the AMPK pathway. Depletion of AMPK levels by siRNA methodology abrogated the anti-invasive activity of arvanil, olvanil and capsaicin. The non-pungent capsaicin analogs arvanil and olvanil display improved anti-invasive activity relative to capsaicin in human SCLC cells. These agents may represent the second generation of capsaicin-like compounds which are more potent than the parent molecule and have a better side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Hurley
- a Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology , Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University , Huntington , WV , USA
| | - Austin T Akers
- a Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology , Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University , Huntington , WV , USA
| | - Jamie R Friedman
- a Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology , Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University , Huntington , WV , USA
| | - Nicholas A Nolan
- a Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology , Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University , Huntington , WV , USA
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- a Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology , Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University , Huntington , WV , USA
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- a Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology , Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University , Huntington , WV , USA
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Capsaicin-induced genotoxic stress does not promote apoptosis in A549 human lung and DU145 prostate cancer cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 779:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Lau JK, Brown KC, Dom AM, Witte TR, Thornhill BA, Crabtree CM, Perry HE, Brown JM, Ball JG, Creel RG, Damron CL, Rollyson WD, Stevenson CD, Hardman WE, Valentovic MA, Carpenter AB, Dasgupta P. Capsaicin induces apoptosis in human small cell lung cancer via the TRPV6 receptor and the calpain pathway. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1190-201. [PMID: 24878626 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of chili peppers, displays potent anti-neoplastic activity in a wide array of human cancer cells. The present manuscript examines the signaling pathways underlying the apoptotic activity of capsaicin in human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in vitro and in vivo. Studies in neuronal cells show that capsaicin exerts its biological activity via the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) superfamily of cation-channel receptors. The TRPV family is comprised of six members (TRPV1-6). Capsaicin is a known agonist of the TRPV1 receptor. We observed that capsaicin-induced apoptosis in human SCLC cells was mediated via the TRPV receptor family; however it was independent of TRPV1. Surprisingly, the apoptotic activity of capsaicin required the TRPV6 receptor. Depletion of TRPV6 receptor by siRNA methodology abolished the apoptotic activity of capsaicin in SCLC cells. Immunostaining and ELISA showed that TRPV6 receptor was robustly expressed on human SCLC tissues (from patients) and SCLC cell lines but almost absent in normal lung tissues. This correlates with our results that capsaicin induced very little apoptosis in normal lung epithelial cells. The pro-apoptotic activity of capsaicin was mediated by the intracellular calcium and calpain pathway. The treatment of human SCLC cells with capsaicin increased the activity of calpain 1 and 2 by threefold relative to untreated SCLC cells. Such calpain activation, in response to capsaicin, was downstream of the TRPV6 receptor. Taken together, our data provide insights into the mechanism underlying the apoptotic activity of capsaicin in human SCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie K Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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Ehrlich D, Wang B, Lu W, Dowling P, Yuan R. Intratumoral anti-HuD immunotoxin therapy for small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:91. [PMID: 25523825 PMCID: PMC4293823 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or neuroblastoma (NB) already show clinically detectable metastases at diagnosis and have an extremely poor prognosis even when treated with combined modalities. The HuD-antigen is a neuronal RNA-binding protein that is expressed in 100% of SCLC tumor cells and over 50% of neuroblastoma cells. The correlation between high titers of circulating anti-HuD antibodies in patients and spontaneous tumor remission suggests that the HuD-antigen might be a potential molecular target for immunotherapy. METHODS We have constructed a new antibody-toxin compound (called BW-2) by assembling a mouse anti-human-HuD monoclonal antibody onto streptavidin/saporin complexes. RESULTS We found that the immunotoxin BW-2 specifically killed HuD-positive human SCLC and NB cancer cells at very low concentrations in vitro. Moreover, intratumoral immunotoxin therapy in a nude mouse model of human SCLC (n = 6) significantly reduced local tumor progression without causing toxicity. When the same intratumoral immunotoxin protocol was applied to an immunocompetent A/J mouse model of NB, significant inhibition of local tumor growth was also observed. In neuroblastoma allografted A/J mice (n = 5) treated twice with intratumoral immunotoxin, significant tumor regression occurred in over 80% of the animals and their duration of tumor response was significantly prolonged. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that anti-HuD based immunotoxin therapy may prove to be an effective alternative treatment for patients with SCLC and NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers NJMS, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers NJMS, Newark, NJ, USA. .,Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, East Orange, NJ, USA.
| | - Wei Lu
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, East Orange, NJ, USA.
| | - Peter Dowling
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, East Orange, NJ, USA.
| | - Ruirong Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers NJMS, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Takahashi N, Matsuda Y, Yamada H, Tabeta K, Nakajima T, Murakami S, Yamazaki K. Epithelial TRPV1 signaling accelerates gingival epithelial cell proliferation. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1141-7. [PMID: 25266715 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514552826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), a member of the calcium-permeable thermosensitive transient receptor potential superfamily, is a sensor of thermal and chemical stimuli. TRPV1 is activated by noxious heat (> 43°C), acidic conditions (pH < 6.6), capsaicin, and endovanilloids. This pain receptor was discovered on nociceptive fibers in the peripheral nervous system. TRPV1 was recently found to be expressed by non-neuronal cells, such as epithelial cells. The oral gingival epithelium is exposed to multiple noxious stimuli, including heat and acids derived from endogenous and exogenous substances; however, whether gingival epithelial cells (GECs) express TRPV1 is unknown. We show that both TRPV1 mRNA and protein are expressed by GECs. Capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, elevated intracellular Ca(2+) levels in the gingival epithelial cell line, epi 4. Moreover, TRPV1 activation in epi 4 cells accelerated proliferation. These responses to capsaicin were inhibited by a specific TRPV1 antagonist, SB-366791. We also observed GEC proliferation in capsaicin-treated mice in vivo. No effects were observed on GEC apoptosis by epithelial TRPV1 signaling. To examine the molecular mechanisms underlying this proliferative effect, we performed complementary (c)DNA microarray analysis of capsaicin-stimulated epi 4 cells. Compared with control conditions, 227 genes were up-regulated and 232 genes were down-regulated following capsaicin stimulation. Several proliferation-related genes were validated by independent experiments. Among them, fibroblast growth factor-17 and neuregulin 2 were significantly up-regulated in capsaicin-treated epi 4 cells. Our results suggest that functional TRPV1 is expressed by GECs and contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takahashi
- Laboratory of Periodontology and Immunology, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Matsuda
- Laboratory of Periodontology and Immunology, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Yamada
- Laboratory of Periodontology and Immunology, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Nakajima
- General Dentistry and Clinical Education Unit, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Periodontology and Immunology, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Capsaicin suppresses the migration of cholangiocarcinoma cells by down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via the AMPK–NF-κB signaling pathway. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:897-907. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Capsaicin-induced activation of p53-SMAR1 auto-regulatory loop down-regulates VEGF in non-small cell lung cancer to restrain angiogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99743. [PMID: 24926985 PMCID: PMC4057320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite decades of research, the treatment options for lung cancer patients remain inadequate, either to offer a cure or even a substantial survival advantage owing to its intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy. Our results propose the effectiveness of capsaicin in down-regulating VEGF expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells in hypoxic environment. Capsaicin-treatment re-activated p53-SMAR1 positive feed-back loop in these cells to persuade p53-mediated HIF-1α degradation and SMAR1-induced repression of Cox-2 expression that restrained HIF-1α nuclear localization. Such signal-modulations consequently down regulated VEGF expression to thwart endothelial cell migration and network formation, pre-requisites of angiogenesis in tumor micro-environment. The above results advocate the candidature of capsaicin in exclusively targeting angiogenesis by down-regulating VEGF in tumor cells to achieve more efficient and cogent therapy of resistant NSCLC.
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Wutka A, Palagani V, Barat S, Chen X, El Khatib M, Götze J, Belahmer H, Zender S, Bozko P, Malek NP, Plentz RR. Capsaicin treatment attenuates cholangiocarcinoma carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95605. [PMID: 24748170 PMCID: PMC3991659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Capsaicin, the most abundant pungent molecule produced by pepper plants, represents an important ingredient in spicy foods consumed throughout the world. Studies have shown that capsaicin can relieve inflammation and has anti-proliferative effects on various human malignancies. Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a cancer disease with rising incidence. The prognosis remains dismal with little advance in treatment. The aim of the present study is to explore the anti-tumor activity of capsaicin in cultured human CC cell lines. Capsaicin effectively impaired cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and growth of softagar colonies. Further, we show that capsaicin treatment of CC cells regulates the Hedgehog signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our results provide a basis for capsaicin to improve the prognosis of CCs in vivo and present new insights into the effectiveness and mode of action of capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wutka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vindhya Palagani
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Samarpita Barat
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mona El Khatib
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julian Götze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hanane Belahmer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Zender
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P. Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ruben R. Plentz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
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Chakraborty S, Mazumdar M, Mukherjee S, Bhattacharjee P, Adhikary A, Manna A, Chakraborty S, Khan P, Sen A, Das T. Restoration of p53/miR-34a regulatory axis decreases survival advantage and ensures Bax-dependent apoptosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:549-59. [PMID: 24444609 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-suppressive miR-34a, a direct target of p53, has been shown to target several molecules of cell survival pathways. Here, we show that capsaicin-induced oxidative DNA damage culminates in p53 activation to up-regulate expression of miR-34a in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. Functional analyses further indicate that restoration of miR-34a inhibits B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein expression to withdraw the survival advantage of these resistant NSCLC cells. In such a proapoptotic cellular milieu, where drug resistance proteins are also down-regulated, p53-transactivated Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial death cascade. Our results suggest that p53/miR-34a regulatory axis might be critical in sensitizing drug-resistant NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Minakshi Mazumdar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Shravanti Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Pushpak Bhattacharjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Argha Manna
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreeparna Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Poulami Khan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Aparna Sen
- Lady Brabourne College, P-1/2, Suhrawardy Ave, Kolkata, India
| | - Tanya Das
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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Díaz-Laviada I, Rodríguez-Henche N. The potential antitumor effects of capsaicin. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2014; 68:181-208. [PMID: 24941670 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0828-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin, one of the major pungent ingredients found in red peppers, has been recently demonstrated to induce apoptosis in many types of malignant cell lines including colon adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and many others. The mechanism whereby capsaicin induces apoptosis in cancer cells is not completely elucidated but involves intracellular calcium increase, reactive oxygen species generation, disruption of mitochondrial membrane transition potential, and activation of transcription factors such as NFkappaB and STATS. Recently, a role for the AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) and autophagy pathways in capsaicin-triggered cell death has been proposed. In addition, capsaicin shows antitumor activity in vivo by reducing the growth of many tumors induced in mice. In this chapter, we report the last advances performed in the antitumor activity of capsaicin and review the main signaling pathways involved.
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Brown KC, Perry HE, Lau JK, Jones DV, Pulliam JF, Thornhill BA, Crabtree CM, Luo H, Chen YC, Dasgupta P. Nicotine induces the up-regulation of the α7-nicotinic receptor (α7-nAChR) in human squamous cell lung cancer cells via the Sp1/GATA protein pathway. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33049-59. [PMID: 24089524 PMCID: PMC3829154 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.501601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the addictive component of cigarettes, promotes lung cancer proliferation via the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) subtype. The present manuscript explores the effect of nicotine exposure on α7-nAChR levels in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCC-L) in vitro and in vivo. Nicotine (at concentrations present in the plasma of average smokers) increased α7-nAChR levels in human SCC-L cell lines. Nicotine-induced up-regulation of α7-nAChR was confirmed in vivo by chicken chorioallantoic membrane models. We also observed that the levels of α7-nAChR in human SCC-L tumors (isolated from patients who are active smokers) correlated with their smoking history. Nicotine increased the levels of α7-nAChR mRNA and α7-nAChR transcription in human SCC-L cell lines and SCC-L tumors. Nicotine-induced up-regulation of α7-nAChR required GATA4 and GATA6. ChIP assays showed that nicotine induced the binding of GATA4 or GATA6 to Sp1 on the α7-nAChR promoter, thereby inducing its transcription and increasing its levels in human SCC-L. Our data are clinically relevant because SCC-L patients smoked for decades before being diagnosed with cancer. It may be envisaged that continuous exposure to nicotine (in such SCC-L patients) causes up-regulation of α7-nAChRs, which facilitates tumor growth and progression. Our results will also be relevant to many SCC-L patients exposed to nicotine via second-hand smoke, electronic cigarettes, and patches or gums to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Brown
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755
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Lin CH, Lu WC, Wang CW, Chan YC, Chen MK. Capsaicin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human KB cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:46. [PMID: 23433093 PMCID: PMC3599796 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsaicin, a pungent phytochemical in a variety of red peppers of the genus Capsicum, has shown an anti-proliferative effect on various human cancer cell lines. In contrast, capsaicin has also been considered to promote the growth of cancer cells. Thus, the effects of capsaicin on various cell types need to be explored. The anti-proliferative effects of capsaicin on human KB cancer cells are still unknown. Therefore, we examined the viability, cell cycle progression, and factors associated with apoptosis in KB cells treated with capsaicin. METHODS The cell proliferation/viability and cytotoxicity of KB cells exposed to capsaicin were determined by a sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay and trypan blue exclusion. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst staining and confirmed by western blot analysis of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Cell cycle distribution and changes of the mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of caspase 3, 8 and 9 was evaluated by immunoblotting. RESULTS We found that treatment of KB cells with capsaicin significantly reduced cell proliferation/viability and induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner compared with that in the untreated control. Cell cycle analysis indicated that exposure of KB cells to capsaicin resulted in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Capsaicin-induced growth inhibition of KB cells appeared to be associated with induction of apoptosis. Moreover, capsaicin induced disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as activation of caspase 9, 3 and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase in KB cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that capsaicin modulates cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis in human KB cancer cells through mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and caspase activation. These observations suggest an anti-cancer activity of capsaicin.
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Lau JK, Brown KC, Thornhill BA, Crabtree CM, Dom AM, Witte TR, Hardman WE, McNees CA, Stover CA, Carpenter AB, Luo H, Chen YC, Shiflett BS, Dasgupta P. Inhibition of cholinergic signaling causes apoptosis in human bronchioalveolar carcinoma. Cancer Res 2013; 73:1328-39. [PMID: 23222296 PMCID: PMC10461321 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent case-controlled clinical studies show that bronchioalveolar carcinomas (BAC) are correlated with smoking. Nicotine, the addictive component of cigarettes, accelerates cell proliferation through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). In this study, we show that human BACs produce acetylcholine (ACh) and contain several cholinergic factors including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), choline transporter 1 (CHT1, SLC5A7), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT, SLC18A3), and nACh receptors (AChRs, CHRNAs). Nicotine increased the production of ACh in human BACs, and ACh acts as a growth factor for these cells. Nicotine-induced ACh production was mediated by α7-, α3β2-, and β3-nAChRs, ChAT and VAChT pathways. We observed that nicotine upregulated ChAT and VAChT. Therefore, we conjectured that VAChT antagonists, such as vesamicol, may suppress the growth of human BACs. Vesamicol induced potent apoptosis of human BACs in cell culture and nude mice models. Vesamicol did not have any effect on EGF or insulin-like growth factor-II-induced growth of human BACs. siRNA-mediated attenuation of VAChT reversed the apoptotic activity of vesamicol. We also observed that vesamicol inhibited Akt phosphorylation during cell death and that overexpression of constitutively active Akt reversed the apoptotic activity of vesamicol. Taken together, our results suggested that disruption of nicotine-induced cholinergic signaling by agents such as vesamicol may have applications in BAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie K. Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Kathleen C. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Brent A. Thornhill
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Clayton M. Crabtree
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Aaron M. Dom
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Theodore R. Witte
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - W. Elaine Hardman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Christopher A. McNees
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Cody A. Stover
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - A. Betts Carpenter
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Haitao Luo
- Department of Biology, Alderson-Broaddus College, Philippi, West Virginia
| | - Yi C. Chen
- Department of Biology, Alderson-Broaddus College, Philippi, West Virginia
| | - Brandon S. Shiflett
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
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Wojtalla A, Fischer B, Kotelevets N, Mauri FA, Sobek J, Rehrauer H, Wotzkow C, Tschan MP, Seckl MJ, Zangemeister-Wittke U, Arcaro A. Targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110-α isoform impairs cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth in small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 19:96-105. [PMID: 23172887 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is fundamental for cell proliferation and survival and is frequently altered and activated in neoplasia, including carcinomas of the lung. In this study, we investigated the potential of targeting the catalytic class I(A) PI3K isoforms in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is the most aggressive of all lung cancer types. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of PI3K isoforms in patient specimens was analyzed. The effects on SCLC cell survival and downstream signaling were determined following PI3K isoform inhibition by selective inhibitors or downregulation by siRNA. RESULTS Overexpression of the PI3K isoforms p110-α and p110-β and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was shown by immunohistochemistry in primary SCLC tissue samples. Targeting the PI3K p110-α with RNA interference or selective pharmacologic inhibitors resulted in strongly affected cell proliferation of SCLC cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas targeting p110-β was less effective. Inhibition of p110-α also resulted in increased apoptosis and autophagy, which was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of Akt and components of the mTOR pathway, such as the ribosomal S6 protein, and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1. A DNA microarray analysis revealed that p110-α inhibition profoundly affected the balance of pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Finally, p110-α inhibition led to impaired SCLC tumor formation and vascularization in vivo. CONCLUSION Together our data show the key involvement of the PI3K isoform p110-α in the regulation of multiple tumor-promoting processes in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojtalla
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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