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Najdi F, Krüger P, Djabali K. Impact of Progerin Expression on Adipogenesis in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Skin-Derived Precursor Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071598. [PMID: 34202258 PMCID: PMC8306773 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a segmental premature aging disease caused by a mutation in LMNA. The mutation generates a truncated and farnesylated form of prelamin A, called progerin. Affected individuals develop several features of normal aging, including lipodystrophy caused by the loss of general subcutaneous fat. To determine whether premature cellular senescence is responsible for the altered adipogenesis in patients with HGPS, we evaluated the differentiation of HGPS skin-derived precursor stem cells (SKPs) into adipocytes. The SKPs were isolated from primary human HGPS and normal fibroblast cultures, with senescence of 5 and 30%. We observed that the presence of high numbers of senescent cells reduced SKPs’ adipogenic differentiation potential. Treatment with baricitinib, a JAK–STAT inhibitor, ameliorated the ability of HGPS SKPs to differentiate into adipocytes. Our findings suggest that the development of lipodystrophy in patients with HGPS may be associated with an increased rate of cellular senescence and chronic inflammation.
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2
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Pongbangli N, Pitipakorn K, Jai-Aue S, Sirijanchune P, Pongpittayut S, Wongcharoen W. A 13-Year-Old Boy from Thailand with Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome with Coronary Artery and Aortic Calcification and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e928969. [PMID: 33414362 PMCID: PMC7805248 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.928969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 13-year-old Final Diagnosis: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome with coronary artery and aortic calcification and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction Symptoms: Chest discomfort Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Cardiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Natnicha Pongbangli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang-Rai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang-Rai, Thailand
| | - Kannika Pitipakorn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatric, Chiang-Rai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang-Rai, Thailand
| | - Sasivimon Jai-Aue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang-Rai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang-Rai, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Sirijanchune
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang-Rai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang-Rai, Thailand
| | - Sorawit Pongpittayut
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatric, Chiang-Rai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang-Rai, Thailand
| | - Wanwarang Wongcharoen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang-Mai, Thailand
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3
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Hendrickx DM, Glaab E. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Parkinson's disease and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome reveals shared susceptible cellular network processes. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:114. [PMID: 32811487 PMCID: PMC7437934 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) are two heterogeneous disorders, which both display molecular and clinical alterations associated with the aging process. However, similarities and differences between molecular changes in these two disorders have not yet been investigated systematically at the level of individual biomolecules and shared molecular network alterations. METHODS Here, we perform a comparative meta-analysis and network analysis of human transcriptomics data from case-control studies for both diseases to investigate common susceptibility genes and sub-networks in PD and HGPS. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary melanoma (PM) were included as controls to confirm that the identified overlapping susceptibility genes for PD and HGPS are non-generic. RESULTS We find statistically significant, overlapping genes and cellular processes with significant alterations in both diseases. Interestingly, the majority of these shared affected genes display changes with opposite directionality, indicating that shared susceptible cellular processes undergo different mechanistic changes in PD and HGPS. A complementary regulatory network analysis also reveals that the altered genes in PD and HGPS both contain targets controlled by the upstream regulator CDC5L. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our analyses reveal a significant overlap of affected cellular processes and molecular sub-networks in PD and HGPS, including changes in aging-related processes that may reflect key susceptibility factors associated with age-related risk for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Hendrickx
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, Belvaux, L- 4367 Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, Belvaux, L- 4367 Luxembourg
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4
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Saxena S, Kumar S. Pharmacotherapy to gene editing: potential therapeutic approaches for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. GeroScience 2020; 42:467-494. [PMID: 32048129 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), commonly called progeria, is an extremely rare disorder that affects only one child per four million births. It is characterized by accelerated aging in affected individuals leading to premature death at an average age of 14.5 years due to cardiovascular complications. The main cause of HGPS is a sporadic autosomal dominant point mutation in LMNA gene resulting in differently spliced lamin A protein known as progerin. Accumulation of progerin under nuclear lamina and activation of its downstream effectors cause perturbation in cellular morphology and physiology which leads to a systemic disorder that mainly impairs the cardiovascular system, bones, skin, and overall growth. Till now, no cure has been found for this catastrophic disorder; however, several therapeutic strategies are under development. The current review focuses on the overall progress in the field of therapeutic approaches for the management/cure of HGPS. We have also discussed the new disease models that have been developed for the study of this rare disorder. Moreover, we have highlighted the therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells against aging and aging-related disorders and, therefore, suggest the same for the treatment of HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Saxena
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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5
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Liu C, Arnold R, Henriques G, Djabali K. Inhibition of JAK-STAT Signaling with Baricitinib Reduces Inflammation and Improves Cellular Homeostasis in Progeria Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101276. [PMID: 31635416 PMCID: PMC6829898 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a rare premature aging disorder that leads to death at an average age of 14.7 years due to myocardial infarction or stroke, is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene. Nearly 90% of HGPS cases carry the G608G mutation within exon 11 that generates a truncated prelamin A protein “progerin”. Progerin accumulates in HGPS cells and induces premature senescence at the cellular and organismal levels. Children suffering from HGPS develop numerous clinical features that overlap with normal aging, including atherosclerosis, arthritis, hair loss and lipodystrophy. To determine whether an aberrant signaling pathway might underlie the development of these four diseases (atherosclerosis, arthritis, hair loss and lipodystrophy), we performed a text mining analysis of scientific literature and databases. We found a total of 17 genes associated with all four pathologies, 14 of which were linked to the JAK1/2-STAT1/3 signaling pathway. We report that the inhibition of the JAK-STAT pathway with baricitinib, a Food and Drug Administration-approved JAK1/2 inhibitor, restored cellular homeostasis, delayed senescence and decreased proinflammatory markers in HGPS cells. Our ex vivo data using human cell models indicate that the overactivation of JAK-STAT signaling mediates premature senescence and that the inhibition of this pathway could show promise for the treatment of HGPS and age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM school of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Rouven Arnold
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM school of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Gonçalo Henriques
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM school of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Karima Djabali
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM school of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
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6
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Kreienkamp R, Gonzalo S. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: Challenges at Bench and Bedside. Subcell Biochem 2019; 91:435-451. [PMID: 30888661 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The structural nuclear proteins known as "lamins" (A-type and B-type) provide a scaffold for the compartmentalization of genome function that is important to maintain genome stability. Mutations in the LMNA gene -encoding for A-type lamins- are associated with over a dozen of degenerative disorders termed laminopathies, which include muscular dystrophies, lipodystrophies, neuropathies, and premature ageing diseases such as Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). This devastating disease is caused by the expression of a truncated lamin A protein named "progerin". To date, there is no effective treatment for HGPS patients, who die in their teens from cardiovascular disease. At a cellular level, progerin expression impacts nuclear architecture, chromatin organization, response to mechanical stress, and DNA transactions such as transcription, replication and repair. However, the current view is that key mechanisms behind progerin toxicity still remain to be discovered. Here, we discuss new findings about pathological mechanisms in HGPS, especially the contribution of replication stress to cellular decline, and therapeutic strategies to ameliorate progerin toxicity. In particular, we present evidence for retinoids and calcitriol (hormonal vitamin D metabolite) being among the most potent compounds to ameliorate HGPS cellular phenotypes in vitro, providing the rationale for testing these compounds in preclinical models of the disease in the near term, and in patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Kreienkamp
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Serebryannyy LA, Misteli T. HiPLA: High-throughput imaging proximity ligation assay. Methods 2018; 157:80-87. [PMID: 30419336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are essential for cellular structure and function. To delineate how the intricate assembly of protein interactions contribute to cellular processes in health and disease, new methodologies that are both highly sensitive and can be applied at large scale are needed. Here, we develop HiPLA (high-throughput imaging proximity ligation assay), a method that employs the well-established antibody-based proximity ligation assay in a high-throughput imaging screening format as a novel means to systematically visualize protein interactomes. Using HiPLA with a library of antibodies targeting nuclear proteins, we probe the interaction of 60 proteins and associated post-translational modifications (PTMs) with the nuclear lamina in a model of the premature aging disorder Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). We identify a subset of proteins that differentially interact with the nuclear lamina in HGPS. Using HiPLA in combination with quantitative indirect immunofluorescence, we find that the majority of differential interactions are accompanied by corresponding changes in expression of the interacting protein. Taken together, HiPLA offers a novel approach to probe cellular protein-protein interaction at a large scale and reveals mechanistic insights into the assembly of protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Serebryannyy
- Cell Biology of Genomes Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 41, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- Cell Biology of Genomes Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 41, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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8
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Larrieu D, Viré E, Robson S, Breusegem SY, Kouzarides T, Jackson SP. Inhibition of the acetyltransferase NAT10 normalizes progeric and aging cells by rebalancing the Transportin-1 nuclear import pathway. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaar5401. [PMID: 29970603 PMCID: PMC6331045 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an incurable premature aging disease. Identifying deregulated biological processes in HGPS might thus help define novel therapeutic strategies. Fibroblasts from HGPS patients display defects in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the GTP-bound form of the small GTPase Ran (RanGTP), which leads to abnormal transport of proteins into the nucleus. We report that microtubule stabilization in HGPS cells sequestered the nonclassical nuclear import protein Transportin-1 (TNPO1) in the cytoplasm, thus affecting the nuclear localization of its cargo, including the nuclear pore protein NUP153. Consequently, nuclear Ran, nuclear anchorage of the nucleoporin TPR, and chromatin organization were disrupted, deregulating gene expression and inducing senescence. Inhibiting N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) ameliorated HGPS phenotypes by rebalancing the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio of TNPO1. This restored nuclear pore complex integrity and nuclear Ran localization, thereby correcting HGPS cellular phenotypes. We observed a similar mechanism in cells from healthy aged individuals. This study identifies a nuclear import pathway affected in aging and underscores the potential for NAT10 inhibition as a possible therapeutic strategy for HGPS and perhaps also for pathologies associated with normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Larrieu
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
| | - Emmanuelle Viré
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Samuel Robson
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Sophia Y Breusegem
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Tony Kouzarides
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
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9
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Autophagic Removal of Farnesylated Carboxy-Terminal Lamin Peptides. Cells 2018; 7:cells7040033. [PMID: 29690642 PMCID: PMC5946110 DOI: 10.3390/cells7040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian nuclear lamina proteins—prelamin A- and B-type lamins—are post-translationally modified by farnesylation, endoproteolysis, and carboxymethylation at a carboxy-terminal CAAX (C, cysteine; a, aliphatic amino acid; X, any amino acid) motif. However, prelamin A processing into mature lamin A is a unique process because it results in the production of farnesylated and carboxymethylated peptides. In cells from patients with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, the mutant prelamin A protein, progerin, cannot release its prenylated carboxyl-terminal moiety and therefore remains permanently associated with the nuclear envelope (NE), causing severe nuclear alterations and a dysmorphic morphology. To obtain a better understanding of the abnormal interaction and retention of progerin in the NE, we analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of the EGFP fusion proteins with or without a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a functional CAAX motif in HeLa cells transfected with a series of plasmids that encode the carboxy-terminal ends of progerin and prelamin A. The farnesylated carboxy-terminal fusion peptides bind to the NE and induce the formation of abnormally shaped nuclei. In contrast, the unfarnesylated counterparts exhibit a diffuse localization in the nucleoplasm, without obvious NE deformation. High levels of farnesylated prelamin A and progerin carboxy-terminal peptides induce nucleophagic degradation of the toxic protein, including several nuclear components and chromatin. However, SUN1, a constituent of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, is excluded from these autophagic NE protrusions. Thus, nucleophagy requires NE flexibility, as indicated by SUN1 delocalization from the elongated NE–autophagosome complex.
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10
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Eisch V, Lu X, Gabriel D, Djabali K. Progerin impairs chromosome maintenance by depleting CENP-F from metaphase kinetochores in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24700-18. [PMID: 27015553 PMCID: PMC5029735 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, OMIM 176670) is a rare premature aging disorder that leads to death at an average age of 14.7 years due to myocardial infarction or stroke. The most common mutation in HGPS is at position G608G (GGC>GGT) within exon 11 of the LMNA gene. This mutation results in the deletion of 50 amino acids at the carboxyl-terminal tail of prelamin A, producing a truncated farnesylated protein called progerin. Lamins play important roles in the organization and structure of the nucleus. The nuclear build-up of progerin causes severe morphological and functional changes in interphase HGPS cells. In this study, we investigated whether progerin elicits spatiotemporal deviations in mitotic processes in HGPS fibroblasts. We analyzed the nuclear distribution of endogenous progerin during mitosis in relation to components of the nuclear lamina, nuclear envelope (NE) and nuclear pores. We found that progerin caused defects in chromosome segregation as early as metaphase, delayed NE reformation and trapped lamina components and inner NE proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum at the end of mitosis. Progerin displaced the centromere protein F (CENP-F) from metaphase chromosome kinetochores, which caused increased chromatin lagging, binucleated cells and genomic instability. This accumulation of progerin-dependent defects with each round of mitosis predisposes cells to premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Eisch
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Garching-Munich, Germany
| | - Xiang Lu
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Garching-Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Gabriel
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Garching-Munich, Germany
| | - Karima Djabali
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Garching-Munich, Germany
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11
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Serebryannyy L, Misteli T. Protein sequestration at the nuclear periphery as a potential regulatory mechanism in premature aging. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:21-37. [PMID: 29051264 PMCID: PMC5748986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serebryannyy and Misteli provide a perspective on how protein sequestration at the inner nuclear membrane and nuclear lamina might influence aging. Despite the extensive description of numerous molecular changes associated with aging, insights into the driver mechanisms of this fundamental biological process are limited. Based on observations in the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson–Gilford progeria, we explore the possibility that protein regulation at the inner nuclear membrane and the nuclear lamina contributes to the aging process. In support, sequestration of nucleoplasmic proteins to the periphery impacts cell stemness, the response to cytotoxicity, proliferation, changes in chromatin state, and telomere stability. These observations point to the nuclear periphery as a central regulator of the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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12
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Tariq Z, Zhang H, Chia-Liu A, Shen Y, Gete Y, Xiong ZM, Tocheny C, Campanello L, Wu D, Losert W, Cao K. Lamin A and microtubules collaborate to maintain nuclear morphology. Nucleus 2017; 8:433-446. [PMID: 28557611 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2017.1320460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A (LA) is a critical structural component of the nuclear lamina. Mutations within the LA gene (LMNA) lead to several human disorders, most striking of which is Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), a premature aging disorder. HGPS cells are best characterized by an abnormal nuclear morphology known as nuclear blebbing, which arises due to the accumulation of progerin, a dominant mutant form of LA. The microtubule (MT) network is known to mediate changes in nuclear morphology in the context of specific events such as mitosis, cell polarization, nucleus positioning and cellular migration. What is less understood is the role of the microtubule network in determining nuclear morphology during interphase. In this study, we elucidate the role of the cytoskeleton in regulation and misregulation of nuclear morphology through perturbations of both the lamina and the microtubule network. We found that LA knockout cells exhibit a crescent shape morphology associated with the microtubule-organizing center. Furthermore, this crescent shape ameliorates upon treatment with MT drugs, Nocodazole or Taxol. Expression of progerin, in LA knockout cells also rescues the crescent shape, although the response to Nocodazole or Taxol treatment is altered in comparison to cells expressing LA. Together these results describe a collaborative effort between LA and the MT network to maintain nuclear morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Tariq
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Alexander Chia-Liu
- b Department of Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Yang Shen
- b Department of Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Yantenew Gete
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Zheng-Mei Xiong
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Claire Tocheny
- c Department of Biology , The College of William and Mary , Williamsburg , VA , USA
| | - Leonard Campanello
- b Department of Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Di Wu
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- b Department of Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Kan Cao
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
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13
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Rauschert I, Aldunate F, Preussner J, Arocena-Sutz M, Peraza V, Looso M, Benech JC, Agrelo R. Promoter hypermethylation as a mechanism for Lamin A/C silencing in a subset of neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175953. [PMID: 28422997 PMCID: PMC5397038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins support the nuclear envelope and provide anchorage sites for chromatin. They are involved in DNA synthesis, transcription, and replication. It has previously been reported that the lack of Lamin A/C expression in lymphoma and leukaemia is due to CpG island promoter hypermethylation. Here, we provide evidence that Lamin A/C is silenced via this mechanism in a subset of neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, Lamin A/C expression can be restored with a demethylating agent. Importantly, Lamin A/C reintroduction reduced cell growth kinetics and impaired migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent cell growth. Cytoskeletal restructuring was also induced. In addition, the introduction of lamin Δ50, known as Progerin, caused senescence in these neuroblastoma cells. These cells were stiffer and developed a cytoskeletal structure that differed from that observed upon Lamin A/C introduction. Of relevance, short hairpin RNA Lamin A/C depletion in unmethylated neuroblastoma cells enhanced the aforementioned tumour properties. A cytoskeletal structure similar to that observed in methylated cells was induced. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy revealed that Lamin A/C knockdown decreased cellular stiffness in the lamellar region. Finally, the bioinformatic analysis of a set of methylation arrays of neuroblastoma primary tumours showed that a group of patients (around 3%) gives a methylation signal in some of the CpG sites located within the Lamin A/C promoter region analysed by bisulphite sequencing PCR. These findings highlight the importance of Lamin A/C epigenetic inactivation for a subset of neuroblastomas, leading to enhanced tumour properties and cytoskeletal changes. Additionally, these findings may have treatment implications because tumour cells lacking Lamin A/C exhibit more aggressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Rauschert
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling and Nanobiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabian Aldunate
- Epigenetics of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jens Preussner
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Miguel Arocena-Sutz
- Epigenetics of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vanina Peraza
- Epigenetics of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mario Looso
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Juan C. Benech
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling and Nanobiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Agrelo
- Epigenetics of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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14
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Gonzalo S, Kreienkamp R, Askjaer P. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: A premature aging disease caused by LMNA gene mutations. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 33:18-29. [PMID: 27374873 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Products of the LMNA gene, primarily lamin A and C, are key components of the nuclear lamina, a proteinaceous meshwork that underlies the inner nuclear membrane and is essential for proper nuclear architecture. Alterations in lamin A and C that disrupt the integrity of the nuclear lamina affect a whole repertoire of nuclear functions, causing cellular decline. In humans, hundreds of mutations in the LMNA gene have been identified and correlated with over a dozen degenerative disorders, referred to as laminopathies. These diseases include neuropathies, muscular dystrophies, lipodystrophies, and premature aging diseases. This review focuses on one of the most severe laminopathies, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), which is caused by aberrant splicing of the LMNA gene and expression of a mutant product called progerin. Here, we discuss current views about the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiology of this devastating disease, as well as the strategies being tested in vitro and in vivo to counteract progerin toxicity. In particular, progerin accumulation elicits nuclear morphological abnormalities, misregulated gene expression, defects in DNA repair, telomere shortening, and genomic instability, all of which limit cellular proliferative capacity. In patients harboring this mutation, a severe premature aging disease develops during childhood. Interestingly, progerin is also produced in senescent cells and cells from old individuals, suggesting that progerin accumulation might be a factor in physiological aging. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms whereby progerin expression leads to HGPS is an emergent area of research, which could bring us closer to understanding the pathology of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Ray Kreienkamp
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Peter Askjaer
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC/Junta de Andalucia/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Temsirolimus Partially Rescues the Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Cellular Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168988. [PMID: 28033363 PMCID: PMC5199099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (HGPS, OMIM 176670, a rare premature aging disorder that leads to death at an average age of 14.7 years due to myocardial infarction or stroke, is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene. Lamins help maintain the shape and stability of the nuclear envelope in addition to regulating DNA replication, DNA transcription, proliferation and differentiation. The LMNA mutation results in the deletion of 50 amino acids from the carboxy-terminal region of prelamin A, producing the truncated, farnesylated protein progerin. The accumulation of progerin in HGPS nuclei causes numerous morphological and functional changes that lead to premature cellular senescence. Attempts to reverse this HGPS phenotype have identified rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as a drug that is able to rescue the HGPS cellular phenotype by promoting autophagy and reducing progerin accumulation. Rapamycin is an obvious candidate for the treatment of HGPS disease but is difficult to utilize clinically. To further assess rapamycin's efficacy with regard to proteostasis, mitochondrial function and the degree of DNA damage, we tested temsirolimus, a rapamycin analog with a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile than rapamycin. We report that temsirolimus decreases progerin levels, increases proliferation, reduces misshapen nuclei, and partially ameliorates DNA damage, but does not improve proteasome activity or mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings suggest that future therapeutic strategies should identify new drug combinations and treatment regimens that target all the dysfunctional hallmarks that characterize HGPS cells.
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16
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SENP1-modulated sumoylation regulates retinoblastoma protein (RB) and Lamin A/C interaction and stabilization. Oncogene 2016; 35:6429-6438. [PMID: 27270425 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation and its inactivation is a frequent underlying factor in tumorigenesis. While the regulation of RB function by phosphorylation is well studied, proteasome-mediated RB protein degradation is emerging as an important regulatory mechanism. Although our understanding of RB turnover is currently limited, there is evidence that the nuclear lamina filament protein Lamin A/C protects RB from proteasomal degradation. Here we show that SUMO1 conjugation of RB and Lamin A/C is modulated by the SUMO protease SENP1 and that sumoylation of both proteins is required for their interaction. Importantly, this SUMO1-dependent complex protects both RB and Lamin A/C from proteasomal turnover.
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17
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Xiong Z, Choi JY, Wang K, Zhang H, Tariq Z, Wu D, Ko E, LaDana C, Sesaki H, Cao K. Methylene blue alleviates nuclear and mitochondrial abnormalities in progeria. Aging Cell 2016; 15:279-90. [PMID: 26663466 PMCID: PMC4783354 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a fatal premature aging disease, is caused by a single‐nucleotide mutation in the LMNA gene. Previous reports have focused on nuclear phenotypes in HGPS cells, yet the potential contribution of the mitochondria, a key player in normal aging, remains unclear. Using high‐resolution microscopy analysis, we demonstrated a significantly increased fraction of swollen and fragmented mitochondria and a marked reduction in mitochondrial mobility in HGPS fibroblast cells. Notably, the expression of PGC‐1α, a central regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was inhibited by progerin. To rescue mitochondrial defects, we treated HGPS cells with a mitochondrial‐targeting antioxidant methylene blue (MB). Our analysis indicated that MB treatment not only alleviated the mitochondrial defects but also rescued the hallmark nuclear abnormalities in HGPS cells. Additional analysis suggested that MB treatment released progerin from the nuclear membrane, rescued perinuclear heterochromatin loss and corrected misregulated gene expression in HGPS cells. Together, these results demonstrate a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in developing the premature aging phenotypes in HGPS cells and suggest MB as a promising therapeutic approach for HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Mei Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Zeshan Tariq
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Eunae Ko
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Christina LaDana
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
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Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare premature aging disease presenting many features resembling the normal aging process. HGPS patients die before the age of 20 years due to cardiovascular problems and heart failure. HGPS is linked to mutations in the LMNA gene encoding the intermediate filament protein lamin A. Lamin A is a major component of the nuclear lamina, a scaffold structure at the nuclear envelope that defines mechanochemical properties of the nucleus and is involved in chromatin organization and epigenetic regulation. Lamin A is also present in the nuclear interior where it fulfills lamina-independent functions in cell signaling and gene regulation. The most common LMNA mutation linked to HGPS leads to mis-splicing of the LMNA mRNA and produces a mutant lamin A protein called progerin that tightly associates with the inner nuclear membrane and affects the dynamic properties of lamins. Progerin expression impairs many important cellular processes providing insight into potential disease mechanisms. These include changes in mechanosignaling, altered chromatin organization and impaired genome stability, and changes in signaling pathways, leading to impaired regulation of adult stem cells, defective extracellular matrix production and premature cell senescence. In this review, we discuss these pathways and their potential contribution to the disease pathologies as well as therapeutic approaches used in preclinical and clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vidak
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Medical University Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Medical University Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Vidak S, Kubben N, Dechat T, Foisner R. Proliferation of progeria cells is enhanced by lamina-associated polypeptide 2α (LAP2α) through expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Genes Dev 2016; 29:2022-36. [PMID: 26443848 PMCID: PMC4604344 DOI: 10.1101/gad.263939.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A single heterozygous mutation of LMNA generates the lamin A/C variant progerin and causes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Vidak et al. show that this mutation leads to loss of LAP2α and nucleoplasmic lamins A/C, impaired proliferation, and down-regulation of extracellular matrix components. Ectopic expression of LAP2α in cells expressing progerin restores proliferation and extracellular matrix expression but not the levels of nucleoplasmic lamins A/C. Lamina-associated polypeptide 2α (LAP2α) localizes throughout the nucleoplasm and interacts with the fraction of lamins A/C that is not associated with the peripheral nuclear lamina. The LAP2α–lamin A/C complex negatively affects cell proliferation. Lamins A/C are encoded by LMNA, a single heterozygous mutation of which causes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). This mutation generates the lamin A variant progerin, which we show here leads to loss of LAP2α and nucleoplasmic lamins A/C, impaired proliferation, and down-regulation of extracellular matrix components. Surprisingly, contrary to wild-type cells, ectopic expression of LAP2α in cells expressing progerin restores proliferation and extracellular matrix expression but not the levels of nucleoplasmic lamins A/C. We conclude that, in addition to its cell cycle-inhibiting function with lamins A/C, LAP2α can also regulate extracellular matrix components independently of lamins A/C, which may help explain the proliferation-promoting function of LAP2α in cells expressing progerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vidak
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nard Kubben
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Dechat
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Sengupta S, Henry RW. Regulation of the retinoblastoma–E2F pathway by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:1289-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Aliper AM, Csoka AB, Buzdin A, Jetka T, Roumiantsev S, Moskalev A, Zhavoronkov A. Signaling pathway activation drift during aging: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome fibroblasts are comparable to normal middle-age and old-age cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7:26-37. [PMID: 25587796 PMCID: PMC4350323 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
For the past several decades, research in understanding the molecular basis of human aging has progressed significantly with the analysis of premature aging syndromes. Progerin, an altered form of lamin A, has been identified as the cause of premature aging in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), and may be a contributing causative factor in normal aging. However, the question of whether HGPS actually recapitulates the normal aging process at the cellular and organismal level, or simply mimics the aging phenotype is widely debated. In the present study we analyzed publicly available microarray datasets for fibroblasts undergoing cellular aging in culture, as well as fibroblasts derived from young, middle-age, and old-age individuals, and patients with HGPS. Using GeroScope pathway analysis and drug discovery platform we analyzed the activation states of 65 major cellular signaling pathways. Our analysis reveals that signaling pathway activation states in cells derived from chronologically young patients with HGPS strongly resemble cells taken from normal middle-aged and old individuals. This clearly indicates that HGPS may truly represent accelerated aging, rather than being just a simulacrum. Our data also points to potential pathways that could be targeted to develop drugs and drug combinations for both HGPS and normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Aliper
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Johns Hopkins University, ETC, B301, MD 21218, USA.,Federal Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonei Benjamin Csoka
- Vision Genomics LLC, Washington DC 20011, USA.,Epigenetics Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, USA
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Johns Hopkins University, ETC, B301, MD 21218, USA.,Pathway Pharmaceuticals, Limited, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
| | - Tomasz Jetka
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergey Roumiantsev
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Johns Hopkins University, ETC, B301, MD 21218, USA.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Alexy Moskalev
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Johns Hopkins University, ETC, B301, MD 21218, USA.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Johns Hopkins University, ETC, B301, MD 21218, USA.,Federal Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,The Biotechnology Research Foundation, BGRF, London W1J 5NE, UK
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22
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Swanson EC, Rapkin LM, Bazett-Jones DP, Lawrence JB. Unfolding the story of chromatin organization in senescent cells. Nucleus 2015; 6:254-60. [PMID: 26107557 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2015.1057670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell senescence, the permanent withdrawal of a cell from the cell cycle, is characterized by dramatic, cytological scale changes to DNA condensation throughout the genome. While prior emphasis has been placed on increases in heterochromatin, such as the formation of compact Senescent Associated Heterochromatin Foci (SAHF) structures, our recent findings showed that SAHF formation is preceded by the unravelling of constitutive heterochromatin into visibly extended structures, which we have termed Senescent Associated Distension of Satellites or SADS. Interestingly, neither of these marked changes in DNA condensation appear to be mediated by changes in canonical, heterochromatin-associated histone modifications. Rather, several observations suggest that these events may be facilitated by changes in LaminB1 levels and/or other factors that control higher-order chromatin architecture. Here, we review what is known about senescence-associated chromatin reorganization and present preliminary results using high-resolution microscopy techniques to show that each peri/centromeric satellite in senescent cells is comprised of several condensed domains connected by thin fibrils of satellite DNA. We then discuss the potential importance of these striking changes in chromatin condensation for cell senescence, and also as a model to provide a needed window into the higher-order packaging of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Swanson
- a Department of Cell and Developmental Biology ; University of Massachusetts Medical School ; Worcester , MA USA
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23
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Gruenbaum Y, Foisner R. Lamins: nuclear intermediate filament proteins with fundamental functions in nuclear mechanics and genome regulation. Annu Rev Biochem 2015; 84:131-64. [PMID: 25747401 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lamins are intermediate filament proteins that form a scaffold, termed nuclear lamina, at the nuclear periphery. A small fraction of lamins also localize throughout the nucleoplasm. Lamins bind to a growing number of nuclear protein complexes and are implicated in both nuclear and cytoskeletal organization, mechanical stability, chromatin organization, gene regulation, genome stability, differentiation, and tissue-specific functions. The lamin-based complexes and their specific functions also provide insights into possible disease mechanisms for human laminopathies, ranging from muscular dystrophy to accelerated aging, as observed in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria and atypical Werner syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Gruenbaum
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
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24
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Gabriel D, Roedl D, Gordon LB, Djabali K. Sulforaphane enhances progerin clearance in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria fibroblasts. Aging Cell 2015; 14:78-91. [PMID: 25510262 PMCID: PMC4326906 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, OMIM 176670) is a rare multisystem childhood premature aging disorder linked to mutations in the LMNA gene. The most common HGPS mutation is found at position G608G within exon 11 of the LMNA gene. This mutation results in the deletion of 50 amino acids at the carboxyl-terminal tail of prelamin A, and the truncated protein is called progerin. Progerin only undergoes a subset of the normal post-translational modifications and remains permanently farnesylated. Several attempts to rescue the normal cellular phenotype with farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) and other compounds have resulted in partial cellular recovery. Using proteomics, we report here that progerin induces changes in the composition of the HGPS nuclear proteome, including alterations to several components of the protein degradation pathways. Consequently, proteasome activity and autophagy are impaired in HGPS cells. To restore protein clearance in HGPS cells, we treated HGPS cultures with sulforaphane (SFN), an antioxidant derived from cruciferous vegetables. We determined that SFN stimulates proteasome activity and autophagy in normal and HGPS fibroblast cultures. Specifically, SFN enhances progerin clearance by autophagy and reverses the phenotypic changes that are the hallmarks of HGPS. Therefore, SFN is a promising therapeutic avenue for children with HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gabriel
- Department of Medicine, Epigenetics of skin Aging and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München (TUM)Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Daniela Roedl
- Department of Medicine, Epigenetics of skin Aging and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München (TUM)Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Leslie B Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Hasbro Children's HospitalProvidence, RI, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - Karima Djabali
- Department of Medicine, Epigenetics of skin Aging and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München (TUM)Garching bei München, Germany
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25
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Wang K, Das A, Xiong ZM, Cao K, Hannenhalli S. Phenotype-Dependent Coexpression Gene Clusters: Application to Normal and Premature Ageing. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2015; 12:30-39. [PMID: 26357076 PMCID: PMC5562542 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2014.2359446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disease with symptoms of aging at a very early age. Its molecular basis is not entirely clear, although profound gene expression changes have been reported, and there are some known and other presumed overlaps with normal aging process. Identification of genes with agingor HGPS-associated expression changes is thus an important problem. However, standard regression approaches are currently unsuitable for this task due to limited sample sizes, thus motivating development of alternative approaches. Here, we report a novel iterative multiple regression approach that leverages co-expressed gene clusters to identify gene clusters whose expression co-varies with age and/or HGPS. We have applied our approach to novel RNA-seq profiles in fibroblast cell cultures at three different cellular ages, both from HGPS patients and normal samples. After establishing the robustness of our approach, we perform a comparative investigation of biological processes underlying normal aging and HGPS. Our results recapitulate previously known processes underlying aging as well as suggest numerous unique processes underlying aging and HGPS. The approach could also be useful in detecting phenotype-dependent co-expression gene clusters in other contexts with limited sample sizes.
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26
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase beta protects nuclear envelope integrity by controlling RCC1 localization and Ran activity. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 35:249-63. [PMID: 25348717 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01184-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) forms a barrier between the nucleus and the cytosol that preserves genomic integrity. The nuclear lamina and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are NE components that regulate nuclear events through interaction with other proteins and DNA. Defects in the nuclear lamina are associated with the development of laminopathies. As cells depleted of phosphoinositide 3-kinase beta (PI3Kβ) showed an aberrant nuclear morphology, we studied the contribution of PI3Kβ to maintenance of NE integrity. pik3cb depletion reduced the nuclear membrane tension, triggered formation of areas of lipid bilayer/lamina discontinuity, and impaired NPC assembly. We show that one mechanism for PI3Kβ regulation of NE/NPC integrity is its association with RCC1 (regulator of chromosome condensation 1), the activator of nuclear Ran GTPase. PI3Kβ controls RCC1 binding to chromatin and, in turn, Ran activation. These findings suggest that PI3Kβ regulates the nuclear envelope through upstream regulation of RCC1 and Ran.
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27
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Miyamoto MI, Djabali K, Gordon LB. Atherosclerosis in Ancient Humans, Accelerated Aging Syndromes and Normal
Aging: Is Lamin A Protein a Common Link? Glob Heart 2014; 9:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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28
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Swanson EC, Manning B, Zhang H, Lawrence JB. Higher-order unfolding of satellite heterochromatin is a consistent and early event in cell senescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 203:929-42. [PMID: 24344186 PMCID: PMC3871423 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201306073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Higher-order unfolding of peri/centromeric satellite DNA is a consistent and early event in senescence of cultured normal human and mouse cells, progeria cells, and a senescent tumor. Epigenetic changes to chromatin are thought to be essential to cell senescence, which is key to tumorigenesis and aging. Although many studies focus on heterochromatin gain, this work demonstrates large-scale unraveling of peri/centromeric satellites, which occurs in all models of human and mouse senescence examined. This was not seen in cancer cells, except in a benign senescent tumor in vivo. Senescence-associated distension of satellites (SADS) occurs earlier and more consistently than heterochromatin foci formation, and SADS is not exclusive to either the p16 or p21 pathways. Because Hutchinson Guilford progeria syndrome patient cells do not form excess heterochromatin, the question remained whether or not proliferative arrest in this aging syndrome involved distinct epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we show that SADS provides a unifying event in both progeria and normal senescence. Additionally, SADS represents a novel, cytological-scale unfolding of chromatin, which is not concomitant with change to several canonical histone marks nor a result of DNA hypomethylation. Rather, SADS is likely mediated by changes to higher-order nuclear structural proteins, such as LaminB1.
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29
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Cau P, Navarro C, Harhouri K, Roll P, Sigaudy S, Kaspi E, Perrin S, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Lévy N. WITHDRAWN: Nuclear matrix, nuclear envelope and premature aging syndromes in a translational research perspective. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014:S1084-9521(14)00058-5. [PMID: 24685615 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.022. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cau
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(2).
| | - Claire Navarro
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1)
| | - Karim Harhouri
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1)
| | - Patrice Roll
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(2)
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(3)
| | - Elise Kaspi
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(2)
| | - Sophie Perrin
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1)
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(3)
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(1); AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France(3).
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Cau P, Navarro C, Harhouri K, Roll P, Sigaudy S, Kaspi E, Perrin S, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Lévy N. Nuclear matrix, nuclear envelope and premature aging syndromes in a translational research perspective. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 29:125-47. [PMID: 24662892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lamin A-related progeroid syndromes are genetically determined, extremely rare and severe. In the past ten years, our knowledge and perspectives for these diseases has widely progressed, through the progressive dissection of their pathophysiological mechanisms leading to precocious and accelerated aging, from the genes mutations discovery until therapeutic trials in affected children. A-type lamins are major actors in several structural and functional activities at the nuclear periphery, as they are major components of the nuclear lamina. However, while this is usually poorly considered, they also play a key role within the rest of the nucleoplasm, whose defects are related to cell senescence. Although nuclear shape and nuclear envelope deformities are obvious and visible events, nuclear matrix disorganization and abnormal composition certainly represent the most important causes of cell defects with dramatic pathological consequences. Therefore, lamin-associated diseases should be better referred as laminopathies instead of envelopathies, this later being too restrictive, considering neither the key structural and functional roles of soluble lamins in the entire nucleoplasm, nor the nuclear matrix contribution to the pathophysiology of lamin-associated disorders and in particular in defective lamin A processing-associated aging diseases. Based on both our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and the biological and clinical consequences of progeria and related diseases, therapeutic trials have been conducted in patients and were terminated less than 10 years after the gene discovery, a quite fast issue for a genetic disease. Pharmacological drugs have been repurposed and used to decrease the toxicity of the accumulated, unprocessed and truncated prelaminA in progeria. To date, none of them may be considered as a cure for progeria and these clinical strategies were essentially designed toward reducing a subset of the most dramatic and morbid features associated to progeria. New therapeutic strategies under study, in particular targeting the protein expression pathway at the mRNA level, have shown a remarkable efficacy both in vitro in cells and in vivo in mice models. Strategies intending to clear the toxic accumulated proteins from the nucleus are also under evaluation. However, although exceedingly rare, improving our knowledge of genetic progeroid syndromes and searching for innovative and efficient therapies in these syndromes is of paramount importance as, even before they can be used to save lives, they may significantly (i) expand the affected childrens' lifespan and preserve their quality of life; (ii) improve our understanding of aging-related disorders and other more common diseases; and (iii) expand our fundamental knowledge of physiological aging and its links with major physiological processes such as those involved in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cau
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
| | - Claire Navarro
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Karim Harhouri
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Patrice Roll
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Elise Kaspi
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Sophie Perrin
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; INSERM, UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'enfants Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
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Prelamin A causes progeria through cell-extrinsic mechanisms and prevents cancer invasion. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2268. [PMID: 23917225 PMCID: PMC3758871 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining the relationship between ageing and cancer is a crucial but challenging task. Mice deficient in Zmpste24, a metalloproteinase mutated in human progeria and involved in nuclear prelamin A maturation, recapitulate multiple features of ageing. However, their short lifespan and serious cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic alterations restrict the application and interpretation of carcinogenesis protocols. Here we present Zmpste24 mosaic mice that lack these limitations. Zmpste24 mosaic mice develop normally and keep similar proportions of Zmpste24-deficient (prelamin A accumulating) and Zmpste24-proficient (mature lamin A containing) cells throughout life, revealing that cell-extrinsic mechanisms are preeminent for progeria development. Moreover, prelamin A accumulation does not impair tumour initiation and growth, but it decreases the incidence of infiltrating oral carcinomas. Accordingly, silencing of ZMPSTE24 reduces human cancer cell invasiveness. Our results support the potential of cell-based and systemic therapies for progeria and highlight ZMPSTE24 as a new anticancer target.
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Wu D, Flannery AR, Cai H, Ko E, Cao K. Nuclear localization signal deletion mutants of lamin A and progerin reveal insights into lamin A processing and emerin targeting. Nucleus 2014; 5:66-74. [PMID: 24637396 PMCID: PMC4028357 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.28068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A is a major component of the lamina, which creates a dynamic network underneath the nuclear envelope. Mutations in the lamin A gene (LMNA) cause severe genetic disorders, one of which is Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a disease triggered by a dominant mutant named progerin. Unlike the wild-type lamin A, whose farnesylated C-terminus is excised during post-translational processing, progerin retains its farnesyl tail and accumulates on the nuclear membrane, resulting in abnormal nuclear morphology during interphase. In addition, membrane-associated progerin forms visible cytoplasmic aggregates in mitosis. To examine the potential effects of cytoplasmic progerin, nuclear localization signal (NLS) deleted progerin and lamin A (PGΔNLS and LAΔNLS, respectively) have been constructed. We find that both ΔNLS mutants are farnesylated in the cytosol and associate with a sub-domain of the ER via their farnesyl tails. While the farnesylation on LAΔNLS can be gradually removed, which leads to its subsequent release from the ER into the cytoplasm, PGΔNLS remains permanently farnesylated and membrane-bounded. Moreover, both ΔNLS mutants dominantly affect emerin’s nuclear localization. These results reveal new insights into lamin A biogenesis and lamin A-emerin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Andrew R Flannery
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Helen Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Eunae Ko
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
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RB and Lamins in Cell Cycle Regulation and Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:127-42. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Gesson K, Vidak S, Foisner R. Lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP)2α and nucleoplasmic lamins in adult stem cell regulation and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 29:116-24. [PMID: 24374133 PMCID: PMC4053830 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A-type lamins are components of the lamina network at the nuclear envelope, which mediates nuclear stiffness and anchors chromatin to the nuclear periphery. However, A-type lamins are also found in the nuclear interior. Here we review the roles of the chromatin-associated, nucleoplasmic LEM protein, lamina-associated polypeptide 2α (LAP2α) in the regulation of A-type lamins in the nuclear interior. The lamin A/C-LAP2α complex may be involved in the regulation of the retinoblastoma protein-mediated pathway and other signaling pathways balancing proliferation and differentiation, and in the stabilization of higher-order chromatin organization throughout the nucleus. Loss of LAP2α in mice leads to selective depletion of the nucleoplasmic A-type lamin pool, promotes the proliferative stem cell phenotype of tissue progenitor cells, and delays stem cell differentiation. These findings support the hypothesis that LAP2α and nucleoplasmic lamins are regulators of adult stem cell function and tissue homeostasis. Finally, we discuss potential implications of this concept for defining the molecular disease mechanisms of lamin-linked diseases such as muscular dystrophy and premature aging syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gesson
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Vidak
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Fu M, Landreville S, Agapova OA, Wiley LA, Shoykhet M, Harbour JW, Heuckeroth RO. Retinoblastoma protein prevents enteric nervous system defects and intestinal pseudo-obstruction. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5152-64. [PMID: 24177421 PMCID: PMC3859411 DOI: 10.1172/jci67653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and development. To investigate the role of RB1 in neural crest-derived melanocytes, we bred mice with a floxed Rb1 allele with mice expressing Cre from the tyrosinase (Tyr) promoter. TyrCre+;Rb1fl/fl mice exhibited no melanocyte defects but died unexpectedly early with intestinal obstruction, striking defects in the enteric nervous system (ENS), and abnormal intestinal motility. Cre-induced DNA recombination occurred in all enteric glia and most small bowel myenteric neurons, yet phenotypic effects of Rb1 loss were cell-type specific. Enteric glia were twice as abundant in mutant mice compared with those in control animals, while myenteric neuron number was normal. Most myenteric neurons also appeared normal in size, but NO-producing myenteric neurons developed very large nuclei as a result of DNA replication without cell division (i.e., endoreplication). Parallel studies in vitro found that exogenous NO and Rb1 shRNA increased ENS precursor DNA replication and nuclear size. The large, irregularly shaped nuclei in NO-producing neurons were remarkably similar to those in progeria, an early-onset aging disorder that has been linked to RB1 dysfunction. These findings reveal a role for RB1 in the ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fu
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Solange Landreville
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Olga A. Agapova
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Luke A. Wiley
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Shoykhet
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - J. William Harbour
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert O. Heuckeroth
- Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Prokocimer M, Barkan R, Gruenbaum Y. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome through the lens of transcription. Aging Cell 2013; 12:533-43. [PMID: 23496208 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filaments. In addition to their structural roles, they are implicated in basic nuclear functions such as chromatin organization, DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and cell-cycle progression. Mutations in human LMNA gene cause several diseases termed laminopathies. One of the laminopathic diseases is Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), which is caused by a spontaneous mutation and characterized by premature aging. HGPS phenotypes share certain similarities with several apparently comparable medical conditions, such as aging and atherosclerosis, with the conspicuous absence of neuronal degeneration and cancer rarity during the short lifespan of the patients. Cell lines from HGPS patients are characterized by multiple nuclear defects, which include abnormal morphology, altered histone modification patterns, and increased DNA damage. These cell lines provide insight into the molecular pathways including senescence that require lamins A and B1. Here, we review recent data on HGPS phenotypes through the lens of transcriptional deregulation caused by lack of functional lamin A, progerin accumulation, and lamin B1 silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miron Prokocimer
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
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Lackovic V, Bajcetic M, Lackovic M, Novakovic I, Labudović Borović M, Pavlovic A, Zidverc-Trajkovic J, Dzolic E, Rovcanin B, Sternic N, Kostic V. Skin and sural nerve biopsies: ultrastructural findings in the first genetically confirmed cases of CADASIL in Serbia. Ultrastruct Pathol 2013; 36:325-35. [PMID: 23025651 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2012.679352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited vascular disorder caused by Notch3 gene mutations. The main histopathological hallmark is granular osmiophilic material (GOM) deposited in the close vicinity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The authors report the first 7 ultrastructurally and genetically confirmed cases of CADASIL in Serbia. Samples of skin and sural nerve were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. GOM deposits were observed around degenerated VSMCs in all the skin biopsies examined. Sural nerve biopsies revealed severe alterations of nerve fibers, endoneurial blood vessels with GOM deposits, endoneurial fibroblasts, and perineurial myofibroblasts. Total genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and exons 2-6 of the Notch3 gene were amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced. Four different mutations in exons 2 (Cys65Tyr), 3 (Gly89Cys and Arg90Cys), and 6 (Ala319Cys), which determine the CADASIL disease, were detected among all described patients. A novel missense mutation Gly89Cys involving exon 3 was detected. Due to the difficulties in the determination of the Notch3 mutations, these data suggest that electron microscopic analysis for GOMs in dermal vessel wall provides a rapid and reliable screening method for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Lackovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Zhavoronkov A, Smit-McBride Z, Guinan KJ, Litovchenko M, Moskalev A. Potential therapeutic approaches for modulating expression and accumulation of defective lamin A in laminopathies and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:1361-89. [PMID: 23090008 PMCID: PMC3506837 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scientific understanding of the genetic components of aging has increased in recent years, with several genes being identified as playing roles in the aging process and, potentially, longevity. In particular, genes encoding components of the nuclear lamina in eukaryotes have been increasingly well characterized, owing in part to their clinical significance in age-related diseases. This review focuses on one such gene, which encodes lamin A, a key component of the nuclear lamina. Genetic variation in this gene can give rise to lethal, early-onset diseases known as laminopathies. Here, we analyze the literature and conduct computational analyses of lamin A signaling and intracellular interactions in order to examine potential mechanisms for altering or slowing down aberrant Lamin A expression and/or for restoring the ratio of normal to aberrant lamin A. The ultimate goal of such studies is to ameliorate or combat laminopathies and related diseases of aging, and we provide a discussion of current approaches in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zhavoronkov
- Bioinformatics and Medical Information Technology Laboratory, Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 119296 Russia
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
| | - Zeljka Smit-McBride
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kieran J. Guinan
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
- BioAtlantis Ltd., Kerry Technology Park, Tralee, County Kerry Ireland
| | - Maria Litovchenko
- Bioinformatics and Medical Information Technology Laboratory, Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 119296 Russia
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982 Russia
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Candelario J, Chen LY, Marjoram P, Reddy S, Comai L. A filtering strategy identifies FOXQ1 as a potential effector of lamin A dysfunction. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 4:567-77. [PMID: 22948034 PMCID: PMC3461344 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Small increases in the expression of wild-type prelamin A are sufficient to recapitulate the reduced cell proliferation and altered nuclear membrane morphology observed in cells expressing progerin, the mutant lamin A associated with progeria. We hypothesized that the manifestation of these phenotypes in cells expressing elevated levels of wild-type prelamin A or progerin is caused by the same molecular effectors, which play a central role in the onset of the progeroid phenotype. To experimentally test this hypothesis, we compared the transcriptomes of isogenic diploid fibroblasts expressing progerin or elevated levels of wild-type prelamin A with that of wild-type fibroblasts. We subsequently used the reversion towards normal of two phenotypes, reduced cell growth and dismorphic nuclei, by treatment with farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) or overexpression of ZMPSTE24, as a filtering strategy to identify genes linked to the onset of these two phenotypes. Through this analysis we identified the gene encoding for the transcription factor FOXQ1, as a gene whose expression is induced in both cells expressing progerin and elevated levels of wild-type prelamin A, and subsequently reduced in both cell types upon conditions that ameliorate the phenotypes. We overexpressed FOXQ1 in normal fibroblasts and demonstrated that increased levels of this factor lead to the development of both features that were used in the filtering strategy. These findings suggest a potential link between this transcription factor and cell dysfunction induced by altered prelamin A metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Candelario
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- La Jolla Bioengineering Institute, San Diego, CA 9212
| | - Leng-Ying Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Paul Marjoram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Sita Reddy
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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Butin-Israeli V, Adam SA, Goldman AE, Goldman RD. Nuclear lamin functions and disease. Trends Genet 2012; 28:464-71. [PMID: 22795640 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that premature cellular senescence and normal organ development and function depend on the type V intermediate filament proteins, the lamins, which are major structural proteins of the nucleus. This review presents an up-to-date summary of the literature describing new findings on lamin functions in various cellular processes and emphasizes the relationship between the lamins and devastating diseases ranging from premature aging to cancer. Recent insights into the structure and function of the A- and B- type lamins in normal cells and their dysfunctions in diseased cells are providing novel targets for the development of new diagnostic procedures and disease intervention. We summarize these recent findings, focusing on data from mice and humans, and highlight the expanding knowledge of these proteins in both healthy and diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Butin-Israeli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lonafarnib is a non-peptidomimetic inhibitor of farnesyl transferase, an enzyme responsible for the post-translational lipid modification of a wide variety of cellular proteins that are involved in the pathogenic pathways of various diseases including cancer and progeria. Although extensive clinical research indicates limited activity of lonafarnib in solid tumors, there is recent interest in combinations of farnesyl transferase inhibitors with imatinib or bortezomib in hematological malignancies and to investigate the role of lonafarnib in progeria. AREAS COVERED This review examines the in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of lonafarnib and the available clinical data for lonafarnib monotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies as well as progeria, using studies identified from the PubMed database supplemented by computerized search of relevant abstracts from major cancer and hematology conferences. EXPERT OPINION There is no evidence to support the use of lonafarnib in solid tumors. There is ongoing interest to explore lonafarnib for progeria and to investigate other farnesyl transferase inhibitors for chronic and acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Soon Wong
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Department of Medical Oncology, Singapore
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Reddy S, Comai L. Lamin A, farnesylation and aging. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1-7. [PMID: 21871450 PMCID: PMC4209918 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A is a component of the nuclear envelope that is synthesized as a precursor prelamin A molecule and then processed into mature lamin A through sequential steps of posttranslational modifications and proteolytic cleavages. Remarkably, over 400 distinct point mutations have been so far identified throughout the LMNA gene, which result in the development of at least ten distinct human disorders, collectively known as laminopathies, among which is the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). The majority of HGPS cases are associated with a single point mutation in the LMNA gene that causes the production of a permanently farnesylated mutant lamin A protein termed progerin. The mechanism by which progerin leads to premature aging and the classical HGPS disease phenotype as well as the relationship between this disorder and the onset of analogous symptoms during the lifespan of a normal individual are not well understood. Yet, recent studies have provided critical insights on the cellular processes that are affected by accumulation of progerin and have suggested that cellular alterations in the lamin A processing pathway leading to the accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A intermediates may play a role in the aging process in the general population. In this review we provide a short background on lamin A and its maturation pathway and discuss the current knowledge of how progerin or alterations in the prelamin A processing pathway are thought to influence cell function and contribute to human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Plasilova M, Chattopadhyay C, Ghosh A, Wenzel F, Demougin P, Noppen C, Schaub N, Szinnai G, Terracciano L, Heinimann K. Discordant gene expression signatures and related phenotypic differences in lamin A- and A/C-related Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). PLoS One 2011; 6:e21433. [PMID: 21738662 PMCID: PMC3124505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a genetic disorder displaying features reminiscent of premature senescence caused by germline mutations in the LMNA gene encoding lamin A and C, essential components of the nuclear lamina. By studying a family with homozygous LMNA mutation (K542N), we showed that HGPS can also be caused by mutations affecting both isoforms, lamin A and C. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis in both, lamin A- (sporadic) and lamin A and C-related (hereditary) HGPS. For this, we performed detailed molecular studies on primary fibroblasts of hetero- and homozygous LMNA K542N mutation carriers, accompanied with clinical examinations related to the molecular findings. By assessing global gene expression we found substantial overlap in altered transcription profiles (13.7%; 90/657) in sporadic and hereditary HGPS, with 83.3% (75/90) concordant and 16.7% (15/90) discordant transcriptional changes. Among the concordant ones we observed down-regulation of TWIST2, whose inactivation in mice and humans leads to loss of subcutaneous fat and dermal appendages, and loss of expression in dermal fibroblasts and periadnexial cells from a LMNAK542N/K542N patient further confirming its pivotal role in skin development. Among the discordant transcriptional profiles we identified two key mediators of vascular calcification and bone metabolism, ENPP1 and OPG, which offer a molecular explanation for the major phenotypic differences in vascular and bone disease in sporadic and hereditary HGPS. Finally, this study correlates reduced TWIST2 and OPG expression with increased osteocalcin levels, thereby linking altered bone remodeling to energy homeostasis in hereditary HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Plasilova
- Research Group Human Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, and Division of Medical Genetics, University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MP); (KH)
| | | | | | - Friedel Wenzel
- Research Group Human Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, and Division of Medical Genetics, University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Demougin
- Life Sciences Training Facility and Division of Molecular Psychology, Biozentrum and Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nathalie Schaub
- Research Group Human Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, and Division of Medical Genetics, University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabor Szinnai
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology/Diabetology, University Children's Hospital Basel, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl Heinimann
- Research Group Human Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, and Division of Medical Genetics, University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MP); (KH)
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Gehrig K, Ridgway ND. CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α (CCTα) and lamins alter nuclear membrane structure without affecting phosphatidylcholine synthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1811:377-85. [PMID: 21504799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α (CCTα) is a nuclear enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis. Lipid activation of CCTα results in its translocation to the nuclear envelope and expansion of an intranuclear membrane network termed the nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR) by a mechanism involving membrane deformation. Nuclear lamins are also required for stability and proliferation of the NR, but whether this unique structure, or the nuclear lamina in general, is required for PC synthesis is not known. To examine this relationship, the nuclear lamina was depleted by RNAi or disrupted by expression of the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) mutant lamin A (progerin), and the effect on CCTα and choline metabolism was analyzed. siRNA-mediated silencing of lamin A/C or lamin B1 in CHO cells to diminish the NR had no effect on PC synthesis, while double knockdown non-specifically inhibited the pathway. Confirming this minor role in PC synthesis, only 10% of transiently overexpressed choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase was detected in the NR. In CHO cells, CCTα was nucleoplasmic and co-localized with GFP-progerin in nuclear folds and invaginations; however, HGPS fibroblasts displayed an abnormal distribution of CCTα in the cytoplasm and nuclear envelope that was accompanied by a 2-fold reduction in PC synthesis. In spite of its altered localization, choline-labeling experiments showed that CCT activity was unaffected, and inhibition of PC synthesis was traced to reduced activity of a hemicholinium-sensitive choline transporter. We conclude that CCTα and lamins specifically cooperate to form the NR, but the overall structure of the nuclear envelope has a minimal impact on CCT activity and PC synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Gehrig
- Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Qiao Y, Gao J, Qiu Y, Wu L, Guo F, Kam-Wing Lo K, Li D. Design, synthesis, and characterization of piperazinedione-based dual protein inhibitors for both farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2264-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Maraldi NM, Capanni C, Cenni V, Fini M, Lattanzi G. Laminopathies and lamin-associated signaling pathways. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:979-92. [PMID: 21400569 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Laminopathies are genetic diseases due to mutations or altered post-translational processing of nuclear envelope/lamina proteins. The majority of laminopathies are caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding lamin A/C, but manifest as diverse pathologies including muscular dystrophy, lipodystrophy, neuropathy, and progeroid syndromes. Lamin-binding proteins implicated in laminopathies include lamin B2, nuclear envelope proteins such as emerin, MAN1, LBR, and nesprins, the nuclear matrix protein matrin 3, the lamina-associated polypeptide, LAP2alpha and the transcriptional regulator FHL1. Thus, the altered functionality of a nuclear proteins network appears to be involved in the onset of laminopathic diseases. The functional interplay among different proteins involved in this network implies signaling partners. The signaling effectors may either modify nuclear envelope proteins and their binding properties, or use nuclear envelope/lamina proteins as platforms to regulate signal transduction. In this review, both aspects of lamin-linked signaling are presented and the major pathways so far implicated in laminopathies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir M Maraldi
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
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Mitotic defects lead to pervasive aneuploidy and accompany loss of RB1 activity in mouse LmnaDhe dermal fibroblasts. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18065. [PMID: 21464947 PMCID: PMC3064591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lamin A (LMNA) is a component of the nuclear lamina and is mutated in several human diseases, including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD; OMIM ID# 181350) and the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS; OMIM ID# 176670). Cells from progeria patients exhibit cell cycle defects in both interphase and mitosis. Mouse models with loss of LMNA function have reduced Retinoblastoma protein (RB1) activity, leading to aberrant cell cycle control in interphase, but how mitosis is affected by LMNA is not well understood. Results We examined the cell cycle and structural phenotypes of cells from mice with the Lmna allele, Disheveled hair and ears (LmnaDhe). We found that dermal fibroblasts from heterozygous LmnaDhe (LmnaDhe/+) mice exhibit many phenotypes of human laminopathy cells. These include severe perturbations to the nuclear shape and lamina, increased DNA damage, and slow growth rates due to mitotic delay. Interestingly, LmnaDhe/+ fibroblasts also had reduced levels of hypophosphorylated RB1 and the non-SMC condensin II-subunit D3 (NCAP-D3), a mitosis specific centromere condensin subunit that depends on RB1 activity. Mitotic check point control by mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 (MAD2L1) also was perturbed in LmnaDhe/+ cells. LmnaDhe/+ fibroblasts were consistently aneuploid and had higher levels of micronuclei and anaphase bridges than normal fibroblasts, consistent with chromosome segregation defects. Conclusions These data indicate that RB1 may be a key regulator of cellular phenotype in laminopathy-related cells, and suggest that the effects of LMNA on RB1 include both interphase and mitotic cell cycle control.
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Laminopathies: the molecular background of the disease and the prospects for its treatment. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2010; 16:114-48. [PMID: 21225470 PMCID: PMC6275778 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-010-0038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are rare human degenerative disorders with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, associated with defects in the main protein components of the nuclear envelope, mostly in the lamins. They include systemic disorders and tissue-restricted diseases. Scientists have been trying to explain the pathogenesis of laminopathies and find an efficient method for treatment for many years. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about laminopathies, the molecular mechanisms behind the development of particular phenotypes, and the prospects for stem cell and/or gene therapy treatments.
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