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Guerrero-Bosagna C. From epigenotype to new genotypes: Relevance of epigenetic mechanisms in the emergence of genomic evolutionary novelty. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 97:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Marchetti F, Douglas GR, Yauk CL. A Return to the Origin of the EMGS: Rejuvenating the Quest for Human Germ Cell Mutagens and Determining the Risk to Future Generations. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:42-54. [PMID: 31472026 DOI: 10.1002/em.22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fifty years ago, the Environmental Mutagen Society (now Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Society) was founded with a laser-focus on germ cell mutagenesis and the protection of "our most vital assets"-the sperm and egg genomes. Yet, five decades on, despite the fact that many agents have been demonstrated to induce inherited changes in the offspring of exposed laboratory rodents, there is no consensus on whether human germ cell mutagens exist. We argue that it is time to reevaluate the available data and conclude that we already have evidence for the existence of environmental exposures that impact human germ cells. What is missing are definite data to demonstrate a significant increase in de novo mutations in the offspring of exposed parents. We believe that with over two decades of research advancing knowledge and technologies in genomics, we are at the cusp of generating data to conclusively show that environmental exposures cause heritable de novo changes in the human offspring. We call on the research community to harness our technologies, synergize our efforts, and return to our Founders' original focus. The next 50 years must involve collaborative work between clinicians, epidemiologists, genetic toxicologists, genomics experts and bioinformaticians to precisely define how environmental exposures impact germ cell genomes. It is time for the research and regulatory communities to prepare to interpret the coming outpouring of data and develop a framework for managing, communicating and mitigating the risk of exposure to human germ cell mutagens. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:42-54, 2020. © 2019 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - George R Douglas
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Pértille F, Da Silva VH, Johansson AM, Lindström T, Wright D, Coutinho LL, Jensen P, Guerrero-Bosagna C. Mutation dynamics of CpG dinucleotides during a recent event of vertebrate diversification. Epigenetics 2019; 14:685-707. [PMID: 31070073 PMCID: PMC6557589 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1609868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation in CpGs dinucleotides is associated with high mutability and disappearance of CpG sites during evolution. Although the high mutability of CpGs is thought to be relevant for vertebrate evolution, very little is known on the role of CpG-related mutations in the genomic diversification of vertebrates. Our study analysed genetic differences in chickens, between Red Junglefowl (RJF; the living closest relative to the ancestor of domesticated chickens) and domesticated breeds, to identify genomic dynamics that have occurred during the process of their domestication, focusing particularly on CpG-related mutations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variations (CNVs) between RJF and these domesticated breeds were assessed in a reduced fraction of their genome. Additionally, DNA methylation in the same fraction of the genome was measured in the sperm of RJF individuals to identify possible correlations with the mutations found between RJF and the domesticated breeds. Our study shows that although the vast majority of CpG-related mutations found relate to CNVs, CpGs disproportionally associate to SNPs in comparison to CNVs, where they are indeed substantially under-represented. Moreover, CpGs seem to be hotspots of mutations related to speciation. We suggest that, on the one hand, CpG-related mutations in CNV regions would promote genomic ‘flexibility’ in evolution, i.e., the ability of the genome to expand its functional possibilities; on the other hand, CpG-related mutations in SNPs would relate to genomic ‘specificity’ in evolution, thus, representing mutations that would associate with phenotypic traits relevant for speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pértille
- a Avian Behavioral Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden.,b Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Science Department , University of São Paulo (USP)/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) , Piracicaba , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Vinicius H Da Silva
- c Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre , Wageningen University & Research , Wageningen , The Netherlands.,d Department of Animal Ecology (AnE) , Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) , Wageningen , The Netherlands.,e Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Anna M Johansson
- e Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Tom Lindström
- f Division of Theoretical Biology, IFM , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Dominic Wright
- a Avian Behavioral Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Luiz L Coutinho
- b Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Science Department , University of São Paulo (USP)/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) , Piracicaba , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Per Jensen
- a Avian Behavioral Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna
- a Avian Behavioral Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
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Miller JL, Sherry J, Parrott J, Quinn JS. An evaluation of germline mutations and reproductive impacts in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to contaminated sediment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:594-601. [PMID: 29929136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have become ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. Some PAHs are mutagenic, potentially causing germline mutations in fish that inhabit PAH contaminated waters. We evaluated the effect of exposure to sediment-borne PAHs on reproduction and germline mutation rates in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Exposure to the contaminated sediment had no significant impact on the reproductive endpoints measured in this study. Germline mutations rates at three microsatellite DNA loci were 1.69 × 10-3 in fish exposed to PAH-contaminated sediment and 0.55 × 10-3 in control fish, with zero mutations being observed in fish exposed to sediment from a reference site. While the difference in mutation rates between treatments was not statistically significant for the sample size used (15-19 families per treatment), the observed mutations rates enabled us to estimate the sample size required to detect a significant effect. To our knowledge, this is the first report of germline mutation rates in fathead minnow exposed to an environmental contaminant, providing baseline data for use in the design of future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Miller
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1; Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON, Canada L7S 1A1.
| | - Jim Sherry
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON, Canada L7S 1A1
| | - Joanne Parrott
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON, Canada L7S 1A1
| | - James S Quinn
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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Marchetti F, Aardema MJ, Beevers C, van Benthem J, Godschalk R, Williams A, Yauk CL, Young R, Douglas GR. Identifying germ cell mutagens using OECD test guideline 488 (transgenic rodent somatic and germ cell gene mutation assays) and integration with somatic cell testing. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 832-833:7-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Viktorin A, Levine SZ, Altemus M, Reichenberg A, Sandin S. Paternal use of antidepressants and offspring outcomes in Sweden: nationwide prospective cohort study. BMJ 2018; 361:k2233. [PMID: 29884724 PMCID: PMC5992520 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between paternal antidepressant use at conception and offspring preterm birth, malformations, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability. DESIGN Observational prospective cohort study with regression methods, and negative control comparison. SETTING Sweden nationwide. PARTICIPANTS 170 508 children conceived from 29 July 2005 and born in 2006-07, followed up to 2014 at age 8-9 years. This cohort included 3983 children born to fathers receiving antidepressant treatment during the conception period (that is, from four weeks before conception to four weeks after), a control group of 164 492 children not exposed to paternal antidepressant use, and a negative control comparison group of 2033 children born to fathers who did not use antidepressants during the conception period but began antidepressant treatment later during the pregnancy period (that is, from four weeks after conception to childbirth). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Offspring preterm birth, malformation diagnosed at birth, diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, and diagnosis of intellectual disability. RESULTS Paternal antidepressant use during conception was not associated with preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.79 to 1.04)) or malformations (1.06 (0.90 to 1.26)) using logistic regression, compared with offspring born to unexposed fathers. No association was seen between antidepressant use during conception and autism (adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 (0.84 to 1.53)) or intellectual disability (0.82 (0.51 to 1.31)) using Cox regression. In children whose fathers initiated antidepressant treatment during pregnancy, results were similar for all outcomes apart from intellectual disability, which had an increased adjusted hazard ratio (1.66 (1.06 to 2.59)). Compared with the 2033 children whose fathers initiated antidepressant treatment during pregnancy, the 3983 children exposed to paternal use of antidepressants at conception had no differences in preterm birth, malformation, and autism, but a reduced risk of intellectual disability (adjusted hazard ratio 0.49 (0.26 to 0.93)). CONCLUSION Paternal intake of antidepressants during the period around conception is safe with respect to the risk of the four major adverse outcomes in offspring-preterm birth, malformation, autism, or intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Viktorin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen Z Levine
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Margret Altemus
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Rowan-Carroll A, Beal MA, Williams A, Marchetti F, Yauk CL. Dose-response mutation and spectrum analyses reveal similar responses at two microsatellite loci in benzo(a)pyrene-exposed mouse spermatogonia. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:463-470. [PMID: 28575466 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying chemical exposures that can cause germline mutations is important as these mutations can be inherited, impacting both individual and population health. However, germline mutations are extremely rare and difficult to detect. Chemically induced germline mutations can be detected through analysis of highly unstable tandem repeat DNA. We recently developed a single-molecule PCR (SM-PCR) approach to quantify mutations at a mouse microsatellite locus (Mm2.2.1) in sperm for such purposes. In this study, we refine this approach through the combined analysis of mouse microsatellites Mm2.2.1 and Mm19.2.3. Mice were exposed to 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) by oral gavage for 28 days and sperm sampled 42 days after the end of exposure to measure effects on dividing spermatogonia. DNA was diluted to a single genome per PCR well for amplification of microsatellites in singleplex and multiplex reactions, and alleles were sized to identify mutations using capillary electrophoresis. Analysis of ~300-500 molecules per animal at both microsatellite loci, when tested individually, showed a ~2-fold increase in mutations relative to the controls at both the 50 and 100 mg/kg/day BaP doses. Multiplex SM-PCR revealed similar increases in mutation frequencies in both microsatellites. Comparison with results from a previous lacZ mutation assay conducted on the same mice revealed that although microsatellite mutations are a sensitive endpoint for detecting changes in mutation frequencies at lower doses, they appear to be saturable and thus have a reduced dynamic range. These results confirm that BaP is a male germ cell mutagen that broadly impacts tandem repeat DNA. Likewise, addition of a second hypervariable microsatellite increases the sensitivity of this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rowan-Carroll
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Marc A Beal
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
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Amor H, Zeyad A, Alkhaled Y, Laqqan M, Saad A, Ben Ali H, Hammadeh ME. Relationship between nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial DNA damage and standard sperm parameters in spermatozoa of fertile and sub-fertile men before and after freeze-thawing procedure. Andrologia 2018. [PMID: 29527711 DOI: 10.1111/and.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the stability of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (n-DNA and mt-DNA) of spermatozoa under freeze-thawing and to find out the correlation between them and their association with standard sperm parameters. Forty-three semen samples were collected from fertile (G.1; n = 29) and sub-fertile (G.2; n = 14). N-DNA fragmentation was determined by TUNEL assay and mt-DNA using caspase 3 staining. Each semen sample was frozen at -196°C by the programmed freezer. Freeze-thawing decrease vitality, total motility and membrane integrity from (43.02 ± 22.74%; 31.63 ± 18.15%; 51.5 ± 24.82%) to (22.71 ± 17.3%; 9.21 ± 6.61%; 34.64 ± 19.92% respectively [p < .001]). G.1 native spermatozoa stained positive with TUNEL and caspase 3 were (14.85 ± 17.6% and 5.8 ± 11.59%) and increased after freeze-thawing to 27.54 ± 19.74% (p = .004) and 7.3 ± 6.13% (p = .01) respectively. In G.2, TUNEL and caspase 3 were (19.84 ± 17.52% and 7.53 ± 8.56%) and increased to (29.48 ± 16.97% [p = .03] and 10.21 ± 11.73%). In conclusion, freeze-thawing process affects not only semen parameters but also n-DNA and mt-DNA. Therefore, n-DNA and mt-DNA could be used as sensitive parameters for assessment of the cryodamage of human spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Amor
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cytogenetic& Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hachad Sousse, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Zeyad
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Y Alkhaled
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M Laqqan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Saad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cytogenetic& Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hachad Sousse, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - H Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cytogenetic& Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hachad Sousse, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M E Hammadeh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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9
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Aoki Y. Evaluation of in vivo mutagenesis for assessing the health risk of air pollutants. Genes Environ 2017; 39:16. [PMID: 28373898 PMCID: PMC5376282 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-016-0064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various kind of chemical substances, including man-made chemical products and unintended products, are emitted to ambient air. Some of these substances have been shown to be mutagenic and therefore to act as a carcinogen in humans. National pollutant inventories (e.g., Pollutant Release and Transfer Registration in Japan) have estimated release amounts of man-made chemical products, but a major concern is the release of suspended particulate matter containing potent mutagens, for example, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds generated by the combustion of fossil fuel, which are not estimated by PRTR system. In situ exposure studies have revealed that DNA adducts in the lung, and possibly mutations in germline cells are induced in rodents by inhalation of ambient air, indicating that evaluating in vivo mutations is important for assessing environmental health risks. Transgenic rodent systems (Muta, Big Blue, and gpt delta) are good tools for analyzing in vivo mutations induced by a mixture of chemical substances present in the environment. Following inhalation of diesel exhaust (used as a model mixture), mutation frequency was increased in the lung of gpt delta mice and base substitutions were induced at specific guanine residues (mutation hotspots) on the target transgenes. Mutation hotspots induced by diesel exhaust were different from those induced by benzo[a]pyrene, a typical mutagen in ambient air, but nearly identical to those induced by 1,6-dinitropyrene contained in diesel exhaust. Comparison between mutation hotspots in the TP53 (p53) gene in human lung cancer (data extracted from the IARC TP53 database) and mutations we identified in gpt delta mice showed that G to A transitions centered in CGT and CGG trinucleotides were mutation hotspots on both TP53 genes in human lung cancers and gpt genes in transgenic mice that inhaled diesel exhaust. The carcinogenic potency (TD50 value) of genotoxic carcinogen was shown to be correlated with the in vivo mutagenicity (total dose per increased mutant frequency). These results suggest that the mutations identified in transgenic rodents can help identify environmental mutagens that cause cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Aoki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
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O'Brien JM, Beal MA, Yauk CL, Marchetti F. Next generation sequencing of benzo(a)pyrene-induced lacZ mutants identifies a germ cell-specific mutation spectrum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36743. [PMID: 27829668 PMCID: PMC5103183 DOI: 10.1038/srep36743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations are implicated in a variety of genetic diseases and arise primarily in the male germline. We investigated whether male germ cells have unique mechanisms for spontaneous or chemically-induced mutation relative to somatic cells using the MutaMouse model. We recovered lacZ transgenes from sperm 42 days after a 28-day exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP, 100 mg/kg/day) to assess mutations arising in dividing spermatogonia. BaP caused a 3.4-fold increase in lacZ mutant frequency over controls which increased to 4.1-fold after clonal correction. We then used next generation sequencing to compare the spontaneous and BaP-induced mutation spectra in sperm and bone marrow. The spontaneous spectrum in sperm had significantly more G:C to A:T transitions and fewer mutations at A:T basepairs than bone marrow. BaP predominantly induced G:C to T:A transversions in both cell types, and both were enriched for mutations at CpG dinucleotides. However, BaP induced significantly more deletions in sperm, but more G:C to A:T transitions and G:C to C:G transversions in bone marrow. Differences in error-prone translesion DNA synthesis polymerases may underlie the observed spectrum differences between sperm and bone marrow. These findings suggest that mutations in sperm can arise via mechanisms that are unique to male germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M O'Brien
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Marc A Beal
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
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Gutzkow KB, Duale N, Danielsen T, von Stedingk H, Shahzadi S, Instanes C, Olsen AK, Steffensen IL, Hofer T, Törnqvist M, Brunborg G, Lindeman B. Enhanced susceptibility of obese mice to glycidamide-induced sperm chromatin damage without increased oxidative stress. Andrology 2016; 4:1102-1114. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Gutzkow
- Division of Environmental Medicine; Department of Chemicals and Radiation; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
| | - N. Duale
- Division of Environmental Medicine; Department of Chemicals and Radiation; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
| | - T. Danielsen
- Division of Environmental Medicine; Department of Chemicals and Radiation; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
| | - H. von Stedingk
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - S. Shahzadi
- Division of Environmental Medicine; Department of Chemicals and Radiation; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
| | - C. Instanes
- Division of Environmental Medicine; Department of Chemicals and Radiation; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
| | - A.-K. Olsen
- Division of Environmental Medicine; Department of Chemicals and Radiation; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
| | - I.-L. Steffensen
- Division of Environmental Medicine; Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
| | - T. Hofer
- Division of Environmental Medicine; Department of Chemicals and Radiation; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
| | - M. Törnqvist
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - G. Brunborg
- Division of Environmental Medicine; Department of Chemicals and Radiation; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
| | - B. Lindeman
- Division of Environmental Medicine; Department of Chemicals and Radiation; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
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12
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O'Brien JM, Beal MA, Yauk CL, Marchetti F. Benzo(a)pyrene Is Mutagenic in Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells and Dividing Spermatogonia. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:363-71. [PMID: 27208087 PMCID: PMC4960908 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many environmental agents are established male germ cell mutagens, few are known to induce mutations in spermatogonial stem cells. Stem cell mutations are of great concern because they result in a permanent increase in the number of mutations carried in sperm. We investigated mutation induction during mouse spermatogenesis following exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). MutaMouse males were given 0, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg bw/day BaP for 28 days by oral gavage. Germ cells were collected from the cauda epididymis and seminiferous tubules 3 days after exposure and from cauda epididymis 42 and 70 days after exposure. This design enabled targeted investigation of effects on post-spermatogonia, dividing spermatogonia, and spermatogonial stem cells, respectively. BaP increased lacZ mutant frequency (MF) in cauda sperm after exposure of dividing spermatogonia (4.2-fold at highest dose, P < .01) and spermatogonial stem cells (2.1-fold at highest dose, P < .01). No significant increases in MF were detected in cauda sperm or seminiferous tubule cells collected 3 days post-exposure. Dose-response modelling suggested that the mutational response in male germ cells to BaP is sub-linear at low doses. Our results demonstrate that oral exposure to BaP causes spermatogonial stem cell mutations, that different phases of spermatogenesis exhibit varying sensitivities to BaP, with dividing spermatogonia representing a window of peak sensitivity, and that sampling spermatogenic cells from the seminiferous tubules at earlier time-points may underestimate germ cell mutagenicity. This information is critical to optimize the use of the international test guideline for transgenic rodent mutation assays for detecting germ cell mutagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M O'Brien
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Marc A Beal
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- *Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
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13
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Tavares RS, Escada-Rebelo S, Correia M, Mota PC, Ramalho-Santos J. The non-genomic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on mammalian sperm. Reproduction 2016; 151:R1-R13. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to toxicants present in the environment, especially the so-called endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), has been associated with decreased sperm quality and increased anomalies in male reproductive organs over the past decades. Both human and animal populations are continuously exposed to ubiquitous synthetic and natural-occurring EDCs through diet, dermal contact and/or inhalation, therefore potentially compromising male reproductive health. Although the effects of EDC are likely induced via multiple genomic-based pathways, their non-genomic effects may also be relevant. Furthermore, spermatozoa are transcriptionally inactive cells that can come in direct contact with EDCs in reproductive fluids and secretions and are therefore a good model to address non-genomic effects. This review thus focuses on the non-genomic effects of several important EDCs relevant to mammalian exposure. Notably, EDCs were found to interfere with pre-existing pathways inducing a panoply of deleterious effects to sperm function that included altered intracellular Ca2+oscillations, induction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased DNA damage and decreased sperm motility and viability, among others, potentially jeopardizing male fertility. Although many studies have used non-environmentally relevant concentrations of only one compound for mechanistic studies, it is important to remember that mammals are not exposed to one, but rather to a multitude of environmental EDCs, and synergistic effects may occur. Furthermore, some effects have been detected with single compounds at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Jeng HA, Pan CH, Chao MR, Lin WY. Sperm DNA oxidative damage and DNA adducts. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 794:75-82. [PMID: 26653986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate DNA damage and adducts in sperm from coke oven workers who have been exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A longitudinal study was conducted with repeated measurements during spermatogenesis. Coke-oven workers (n=112) from a coke-oven plant served the PAH-exposed group, while administrators and security personnel (n=67) served the control. Routine semen parameters (concentration, motility, vitality, and morphology) were analyzed simultaneously; the assessment of sperm DNA integrity endpoints included DNA fragmentation, bulky DNA adducts, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo). The degree of sperm DNA fragmentation was measured using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). The PAH-exposed group had a significant increase in bulky DNA adducts and 8-oxo-dGuo compared to the control subjects (Ps=0.002 and 0.045, respectively). Coke oven workers' percentages of DNA fragmentation and denaturation from the PAH-exposed group were not significantly different from those of the control subjects (Ps=0.232 and 0.245, respectively). Routine semen parameters and DNA integrity endpoints were not correlated. Concentrations of 8-oxo-dGuo were positively correlated with percentages of DNA fragmentation measured by both TUNEL and SCSA (Ps=0.045 and 0.034, respectively). However, the concentrations of 8-oxo-dGuo and percentages of DNA fragmentation did not correlate with concentrations of bulky DNA adducts. In summary, coke oven workers with chronic exposure to PAHs experienced decreased sperm DNA integrity. Oxidative stress could contribute to the degree of DNA fragmentation. Bulky DNA adducts may be independent of the formation of DNA fragmentation and oxidative adducts in sperm. Monitoring sperm DNA integrity is recommended as a part of the process of assessing the impact of occupational and environmental toxins on sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueiwang Anna Jeng
- School of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4608 Hampton Boulevard, Health Sciences Building Room 3140 Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Chih-Hong Pan
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Lin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Katen AL, Roman SD. The genetic consequences of paternal acrylamide exposure and potential for amelioration. Mutat Res 2015; 777:91-100. [PMID: 25989052 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a toxin that humans are readily exposed to due to its formation in many carbohydrate rich foods cooked at high temperatures. Acrylamide is carcinogenic, neurotoxic and causes reproductive toxicity when high levels of exposure are reached in mice and rats. Acrylamide induced effects on fertility occur predominantly in males. Acrylamide exerts its reproductive toxicity via its metabolite glycidamide, a product which is only formed via the cytochrome P450 detoxifying enzyme CYP2E1. Glycidamide is highly reactive and forms adducts with DNA. Chronic low dose acrylamide exposure in mice relevant to human exposure levels results in significantly increased levels of DNA damage in terms of glycidamide adducts in spermatocytes, the specific germ cell stage where Cyp2e1 is expressed. Since cells in the later stages of spermatogenesis are unable to undergo DNA repair, and this level of acrylamide exposure causes no reduction in fertility, there is potential for this damage to persist until sperm maturation and fertilisation. Cyp2e1 is also present within epididymal cells, allowing for transiting spermatozoa to be exposed to glycidamide. This could have consequences for future generations in terms of predisposition to diseases such as cancer, with growing indications that paternal DNA damage can be propagated across multiple generations. Since glycidamide is the major contributor to DNA damage, a mechanism for preventing these effects is inhibiting the function of Cyp2e1. Resveratrol is an example of an inhibitor of Cyp2e1 which has shown success in reducing damage caused by acrylamide treatment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Katen
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Shaun D Roman
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; The Priority Research Centres for Reproductive Sciences and Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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16
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Disperse Red 1 (textile dye) induces cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in mouse germ cells. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 53:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Beal MA, Rowan-Carroll A, Campbell C, Williams A, Somers CM, Marchetti F, Yauk CL. Single-molecule PCR analysis of an unstable microsatellite for detecting mutations in sperm of mice exposed to chemical mutagens. Mutat Res 2015; 775:26-32. [PMID: 25863182 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule PCR (SM-PCR) analysis of long and repetitive DNA sequences, known as expanded simple tandem repeats (ESTRs), has been the most efficient method for studying germline mutation induction in endogenous sequences to date. However, the long length of these sequences makes mutation detection imprecise and laborious, and they have been characterized only in mice. Here, we explore the use of unstable microsatellite sequences that can be typed with high precision by capillary electrophoresis as alternative loci for detecting germline mutations. We screened 24 microsatellite loci across inbred mouse strains and identified Mm2.2.1 as the most polymorphic microsatellite locus. We then optimized SM-PCR of Mm2.2.1 to detect mutations in sperm. SM-PCR analysis of sperm from untreated B6C3F1 and Muta(™)Mouse samples revealed mutation frequencies that are consistent with rates derived from family pedigree analysis (∼ 5 × 10(-3)). To determine whether this locus can be used to detect chemically induced germline mutations, Muta(™)Mouse males were exposed by oral gavage to a single dose of 100mg/kg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) or to 100mg/kg of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) for 28 days alongside vehicle treated controls. Sperm were collected 10 weeks post-ENU exposure to sample sperm exposed as spermatogonial stem cells and 6 weeks post-BaP exposure to sample sperm that were dividing spermatogonia when the exposure was terminated. Both treatments resulted in a significant (approximately 2-fold) increase in mutation frequency in sperm compared to the control animals. The work establishes the utility of this microsatellite for studying mutation induction in the germ cells of mice. Because microsatellites are found in virtually every species, this approach holds promise for other organisms, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Beal
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Andrea Rowan-Carroll
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Caleigh Campbell
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | | | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
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18
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Reddy KP, Girish BP, Reddy PS. Reproductive and paternal mediated developmental toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in adult male Wistar rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated reproductive toxic effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in adult male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Pratap Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology
- Sri Venkateswara University
- Tirupati – 517502
- India
- Department of Zoology
| | - B. P. Girish
- Department of Biotechnology
- Sri Venkateswara University
- Tirupati – 517502
- India
- Department of Zoology
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19
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Jeng HA, Pan CH. 1-Hydroxypyrene as a Biomarker for Environmental Health. BIOMARKERS IN DISEASE: METHODS, DISCOVERIES AND APPLICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7696-8_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Graupner A, Instanes C, Dertinger SD, Andersen JM, Lindeman B, Rongved TD, Brunborg G, Olsen AK. Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and Pig-a mutation assay in vivo-tools for genotoxicity testing from a regulatory perspective: a study of benzo[a]pyrene in Ogg1(-/-) mice. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 772:34-41. [PMID: 25308545 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The OECD has developed test guidelines (TG) to identify agents with genotoxic effects. The in vivo alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay is currently being prepared to become such a TG. The performance of a combined SCGE/Pig-a gene mutation study was evaluated with the prototypical genotoxicant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) at an exposure level known to induce germ cell mutation. We aimed to better understand (i) the strengths and weaknesses of the two methods applied in blood and their potential to predict germ cell mutagenicity, and (ii) the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following in vivo BaP-exposure. To explore the involvement of ROS on BaP genotoxicity, we utilised a mouse model deficient in a DNA glycosylase. Specifically, C57BL/6 mice (Ogg1(+/+) and Ogg1(-/-)) were treated for three consecutive days with 50 mg BaP/kg/day. DNA damage in nucleated blood cells was measured four hours after the last treatment with the SCGE assay, with and without formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg). Pig-a mutant phenotype blood erythrocytes were analysed two and four weeks after treatment. BaP-induced DNA lesions were not significantly increased in either version of the SCGE assay. The phenotypic mutation frequencies for immature and mature erythrocytes were significantly increased after two weeks. These effects were not affected by genotype, suggesting oxidative damage may have a minor role in BaP genotoxicity, at least in the acute exposure situation studied here. While both assays are promising tools for risk assessment, these results highlight the necessity of understanding the limitations regarding each assay's ability to detect chemicals' genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Graupner
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway
| | - Christine Instanes
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway
| | | | - Jill Mari Andersen
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway
| | - Birgitte Lindeman
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway
| | - Tonje Danielsen Rongved
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway.
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21
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Gavina JMA, Yao C, Feng YL. Recent developments in DNA adduct analysis by mass spectrometry: a tool for exposure biomonitoring and identification of hazard for environmental pollutants. Talanta 2014; 130:475-94. [PMID: 25159438 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA adducts represent an important category of biomarkers for detection and exposure surveillance of potential carcinogenic and genotoxic chemicals in the environment. Sensitive and specific analytical methods are required to detect and differentiate low levels of adducts from native DNA from in vivo exposure. In addition to biomonitoring of environmental pollutants, analytical methods have been developed for structural identification of adducts which provides fundamental information for determining the toxic pathway of hazardous chemicals. In order to achieve the required sensitivity, mass spectrometry has been increasingly utilized to quantify adducts at low levels as well as to obtain structural information. Furthermore, separation techniques such as chromatography and capillary electrophoresis can be coupled to mass spectrometry to increase the selectivity. This review will provide an overview of advances in detection of adducted and modified DNA by mass spectrometry with a focus on the analysis of nucleosides since 2007. Instrument advances, sample and instrument considerations, and recent applications will be summarized in the context of hazard assessment. Finally, advances in biomonitoring applying mass spectrometry will be highlighted. Most importantly, the usefulness of DNA adducts measurement and detection will be comprehensively discussed as a tool for assessment of in vitro and in vivo exposure to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennilee M A Gavina
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Chunhe Yao
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9.
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22
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Guerrero-Bosagna C, Skinner MK. Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of male infertility. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2014; 26:79-88. [PMID: 25104619 PMCID: PMC4252707 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Decreasing male fertility has been observed for the past fifty years. Examples of affected reproductive parameters include decreases in sperm count and sperm quality and increases in testicular cancer, cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Exposures to environmental toxicants during fetal development and early postnatal life have been shown to promote infertility. Environmental exposures inducing epigenetic changes related to male infertility range from life style, occupational exposures, environmental toxicants and nutrition. Exposures during fetal gonadal sex determination have been shown to alter the epigenetic programming of the germline that then can transmit this altered epigenetic information to subsequent generations in the absence of any exposures. This environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease will be a component of the etiology of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna
- Avian Behaviourial Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
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23
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Nixon BJ, Katen AL, Stanger SJ, Schjenken JE, Nixon B, Roman SD. Mouse spermatocytes express CYP2E1 and respond to acrylamide exposure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94904. [PMID: 24788432 PMCID: PMC4008485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450s (encoded by the CYP genes) often leads to bio-activation, producing reactive metabolites that interfere with cellular processes and cause DNA damage. In the testes, DNA damage induced by xenobiotics has been associated with impaired spermatogenesis and adverse effects on reproductive health. We previously reported that chronic exposure to the reproductive toxicant, acrylamide, produced high levels of DNA damage in spermatocytes of Swiss mice. CYP2E1 metabolises acrylamide to glycidamide, which, unlike acrylamide, readily forms adducts with DNA. Thus, to investigate the mechanisms of acrylamide toxicity in mouse male germ cells, we examined the expression of the CYP, CYP2E1, which metabolises acrylamide. Using Q-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we establish that CYP2E1 is expressed in germ cells, in particular in spermatocytes. Additionally, CYP2E1 gene expression was upregulated in these cells following in vitro acrylamide exposure (1 µM, 18 h). Spermatocytes were isolated and treated with 1 µM acrylamide or 0.5 µM glycidamide for 18 hours and the presence of DNA-adducts was investigated using the comet assay, modified to detect DNA-adducts. Both compounds produced significant levels of DNA damage in spermatocytes, with a greater response observed following glycidamide exposure. A modified comet assay indicated that direct adduction of DNA by glycidamide was a major source of DNA damage. Oxidative stress played a small role in eliciting this damage, as a relatively modest effect was found in a comet assay modified to detect oxidative adducts following glycidamide exposure, and glutathione levels remained unchanged following treatment with either compound. Our results indicate that the male germ line has the capacity to respond to xenobiotic exposure by inducing detoxifying enzymes, and the DNA damage elicited by acrylamide in male germ cells is likely due to the formation of glycidamide adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J. Nixon
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aimee L. Katen
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simone J. Stanger
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E. Schjenken
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaun D. Roman
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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24
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Xu G, McMahan CA, Walter CA. Early-life exposure to benzo[a]pyrene increases mutant frequency in spermatogenic cells in adulthood. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87439. [PMID: 24489914 PMCID: PMC3906184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are vulnerable to environmental mutagens, and the developing germline could also be affected. However, little is known about whether exposure to environmental mutagens in childhood will result in increased germline mutations in subsequent adult life. In the present study, male transgenic lacI mice at different ages (7, 25 and 60 days old) were treated with a known environmental mutagen (benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P) at different doses (0, 50, 200 or 300 mg/kg body weight). Mutant frequency was then determined in a meiotic cell type (pachytene spermatocyte), a post-meiotic cell type (round spermatid) and epididymal spermatozoa after at least one cycle of spermatogenesis. Our results show that 1) mice treated with B[a]P at 7 or 25 days old, both being pre-adult ages, had significantly increased mutant frequencies in all spermatogenic cell types tested when they were 60 days old; 2) spermatogenic cells from mice treated before puberty were more susceptible to B[a]P-associated mutagenesis compared to adult mice; and 3) unexpectedly, epididymal spermatozoa had the highest mutant frequency among the spermatogenic cell types tested. These data show that pre-adult exposure to B[a]P increases the male germline mutant frequency in young adulthood. The data demonstrate that exposure to environmental genotoxins at different life phases (e.g., pre-adult and adult) can have differential effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Xu
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - C. Alex McMahan
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christi A. Walter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Sciences, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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25
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Linschooten JO, Verhofstad N, Gutzkow K, Olsen AK, Yauk C, Oligschläger Y, Brunborg G, van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RWL. Paternal lifestyle as a potential source of germline mutations transmitted to offspring. FASEB J 2013; 27:2873-9. [PMID: 23538710 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-227694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Paternal exposure to high levels of radioactivity causes heritable germline minisatellite mutations. However, the effect of more general paternal exposures, such as cigarette smoking, on germline mutations remains unexplored. We analyzed two of the most commonly used minisatellite loci (CEB1 and B6.7) to identify germline mutations in blood samples of complete mother-father-child triads from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The presence of mutations was subsequently related to general lifestyle factors, including paternal smoking before the partner became pregnant. Paternally derived mutations at the B6.7 locus (mutation frequency 0.07) were not affected by lifestyle. In contrast, high gross yearly income as a general measure of a healthy lifestyle coincided with low-mutation frequencies at the CEB1 locus (P=0.047). Income was inversely related to smoking behavior, and paternally derived CEB1 mutations were dose dependently increased when the father smoked in the 6 mo before pregnancy, 0.21 vs. 0.05 in smoking and nonsmoking fathers, respectively (P=0.061). These results suggest that paternal lifestyle can affect the chance of heritable mutations in unstable repetitive DNA sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting an effect of lifestyle on germline minisatellite mutation frequencies in a human population with moderate paternal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost O Linschooten
- Department of Toxicology, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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26
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Jeng HA, Pan CH, Chao MR. 1-Hydroxypyrene as a biomarker for assessing the effects of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on semen quality and sperm DNA integrity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:152-158. [PMID: 23043336 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.716741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess whether urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) could serve as a biomarker to assess the effect of PAHs on cellular and molecular changes of sperm. Urine and semen samples were collected from a total of 65 healthy coke oven workers. Sperm quality parameters (concentration, motility, vitality, and morphology) and semen integrity (DNA fragmentation, 8-oxodGuo, bulky DNA adducts) were analyzed. Sixteen (16) targeted PAHs at the personal breathing zone area were monitored and quantified. Results showed that urinary 1-OHP positively correlated with measured levels of 16 targeted PAHs. Urinary 1-OHP did not significantly correlate with semen quality; however, PAHs with heavy molecular weight, e.g., benzo(g,h,i)perylene and benzo(k)fluoranthene, negatively correlated with morphology and motility of sperms (p = 0.02 and 0.002, p = 0.04 and 0.04, respectively). Urinary 1-OHP positively correlated with the level of 8-oxodGuo and bulky DNA adducts, but not DNA fragmentation. Urinary 1-OHP was a suitable biomarker for an estimate of biologically effective doses of PAH exposure. However, urinary 1-OHP may not be sufficient as a biomarker to assess both cellular and molecular changes of sperm induced by PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueiwang Anna Jeng
- School of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
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27
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Zhu Z, Xu W, Dai J, Chen X, Zhao X, Fang P, Yang F, Tang M, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma D, Qaio Z. The alteration of protein profile induced by cigarette smoking via oxidative stress in mice epididymis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:571-82. [PMID: 23262294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is associated with a declining quality of semen. The aim of this study was to screen and investigate the differential expression of proteins extracted from the epididymis of mice exposed daily with cigarette smoke. Using MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, we found that the protein profile of the mouse epididymis was altered by cigarette smoking and identified 27 proteins from the most abundant and differentially expressed spots in the 2-DE gels of epididymal samples. These proteins were classified into groups according to their functions such as energy metabolism, reproduction and structural molecule activity. Through pathway analysis, these proteins were associated with the glutathione metabolism and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. These results showed that the epididymis may experience oxidative stress following cigarette smoke exposure, which was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. We determine that cigarette smoking can induce oxidative stress in the mouse epididymis, which may cause protein profile altering, thereby impairing epididymis function, and leading to a decline in semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijue Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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Laubenthal J, Zlobinskaya O, Poterlowicz K, Baumgartner A, Gdula MR, Fthenou E, Keramarou M, Hepworth SJ, Kleinjans JCS, van Schooten FJ, Brunborg G, Godschalk RW, Schmid TE, Anderson D. Cigarette smoke-induced transgenerational alterations in genome stability in cord blood of human F1 offspring. FASEB J 2012; 26:3946-56. [PMID: 22730438 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-201194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of preconceptional and prenatal toxicant exposures for genomic stability in offspring is difficult to analyze in human populations, because gestational exposures usually cannot be separated from preconceptional exposures. To analyze the roles of exposures during gestation and conception on genomic stability in the offspring, stability was assessed via the Comet assay and highly sensitive, semiautomated confocal laser scans of γH2AX foci in cord, maternal, and paternal blood as well as spermatozoa from 39 families in Crete, Greece, and the United Kingdom. With use of multivariate linear regression analysis with backward selection, preconceptional paternal smoking (% tail DNA: P>0.032; γH2AX foci: P>0.018) and gestational maternal (% tail DNA: P>0.033) smoking were found to statistically significantly predict DNA damage in the cord blood of F1 offspring. Maternal passive smoke exposure was not identified as a predictor of DNA damage in cord blood, indicating that the effect of paternal smoking may be transmitted via the spermatozoal genome. Taken together, these studies reveal a role for cigarette smoke in the induction of DNA alterations in human F1 offspring via exposures of the fetus in utero or the paternal germline. Moreover, the identification of transgenerational DNA alterations in the unexposed F1 offspring of smoking-exposed fathers supports the claim that cigarette smoke is a human germ cell mutagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Laubenthal
- Centre of Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Rd., Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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Brevik A, Lindeman B, Rusnakova V, Olsen AK, Brunborg G, Duale N. Paternal benzo[a]pyrene exposure affects gene expression in the early developing mouse embryo. Toxicol Sci 2012; 129:157-65. [PMID: 22641617 PMCID: PMC3430208 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The health of the offspring depends on the genetic constitution of the parental germ cells. The paternal genome appears to be important; e.g., de novo mutations in some genes seem to arise mostly from the father, whereas epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones are frequent in the paternal gonads. Environmental contaminants which may affect the integrity of the germ cells comprise the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). B[a]P has received much attention due to its ubiquitous distribution, its carcinogenic and mutagenic potential, and also effects on reproduction. We conducted an in vitro fertilization (IVF) experiment using sperm cells from B[a]P-exposed male mice to study effects of paternal B[a]P exposure on early gene expression in the developing mouse embryo. Male mice were exposed to a single acute dose of B[a]P (150mg/kg, ip) 4 days prior to isolation of cauda sperm, followed by IVF of oocytes from unexposed superovulated mice. Gene expression in fertilized zygotes/embryos was determined using reverse transcription-qPCR at the 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, and blastocyst cell stages of embryo development. We found that paternal B[a]P exposure altered the expression of numerous genes in the developing embryo especially at the blastocyst stage. Some genes were also affected at earlier developmental stages. Embryonic gene expression studies seem useful to identify perturbations of signaling pathways resulting from exposure to contaminants, and can be used to address mechanisms of paternal effects on embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asgeir Brevik
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
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Preconceptional paternal glycidamide exposure affects embryonic gene expression: Single embryo gene expression study following in vitro fertilization. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 32:463-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hassan A, Alam S, Abdel-Aziem S, Ahmed K. Benzo-a-pyrene induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in germ cells of mice: Intervention of radish and cress. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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