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Wang Y, Cao Y, Chen Y, Cheng H, Liu Z, Wang M, Feng Y, Fei B, Cui K, Huang Z. YWHAG promotes colorectal cancer progression by regulating the CTTN-Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis. Med Oncol 2024; 41:100. [PMID: 38538804 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent cancer type globally. Nevertheless, the fundamental mechanisms driving CRC progression remain ambiguous, and the prognosis for the majority of patients diagnosed at an advanced stage is dismal. YWHA/14-3-3 proteins serve as central nodes in several signaling pathways and are closely related to tumorigenesis and progression. However, their exact roles in CRC are still poorly elucidated. In this study, we revealed that YWHAG was the most significantly upregulated member of the YWHA/14-3-3 family in CRC tissues and was associated with a poor prognosis. Subsequent phenotypic experiments showed that YWHAG promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. Mechanistically, RNA-seq data showed that multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, were potentially regulated by YWHAG. CTTN was identified as a YWHAG-associated protein, and mediated its tumor-promoting functions by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CRC cells. In summary, our data indicate that YWHAG facilitates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells by modulating the CTTN-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which offers a novel perspective for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanben Wang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulin Cao
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiang Liu
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengna Wang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyang Feng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bojian Fei
- Department of Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 1000 He Feng Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaisa Cui
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China.
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Interactions between 14-3-3 Proteins and Actin Cytoskeleton and Its Regulation by microRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3s are a family of structurally similar proteins that bind to phosphoserine or phosphothreonine residues, forming the central signaling hub that coordinates or integrates various cellular functions, thereby controlling many pathways important in cancer, cell motility, cell death, cytoskeletal remodeling, neuro-degenerative disorders and many more. Their targets are present in all cellular compartments, and when they bind to proteins they alter their subcellular localization, stability, and molecular interactions with other proteins. Changes in environmental conditions that result in altered homeostasis trigger the interaction between 14-3-3 and other proteins to retrieve or rescue homeostasis. In circumstances where these regulatory proteins are dysregulated, it leads to pathological conditions. Therefore, deeper understanding is needed on how 14-3-3 proteins bind, and how these proteins are regulated or modified. This will help to detect disease in early stages or design inhibitors to block certain pathways. Recently, more research has been devoted to identifying the role of MicroRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, which play an important role in regulating gene expression. Although there are many reviews on the role of 14-3-3 proteins in cancer, they do not provide a holistic view of the changes in the cell, which is the focus of this review. The unique feature of the review is that it not only focuses on how the 14-3-3 subunits associate and dissociate with their binding and regulatory proteins, but also includes the role of micro-RNAs and long non-coding RNAs and how they regulate 14-3-3 isoforms. The highlight of the review is that it focuses on the role of 14-3-3, actin, actin binding proteins and Rho GTPases in cancer, and how this complex is important for cell migration and invasion. Finally, the reader is provided with super-resolution high-clarity images of each subunit of the 14-3-3 protein family, further depicting their distribution in HeLa cells to illustrate their interactions in a cancer cell.
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Tian W, Yuan H, Qin S, Liu W, Zhang B, Gu L, Zhou J, Deng D. Kaiso phosphorylation at threonine 606 leads to its accumulation in the cytoplasm, reducing its transcriptional repression of the tumor suppressor
CDH1
. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3192-3209. [PMID: 35851744 PMCID: PMC9441001 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Hongfan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Sisi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Wensu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Liankun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
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Caratti B, Fidan M, Caratti G, Breitenecker K, Engler M, Kazemitash N, Traut R, Wittig R, Casanova E, Ahmadian MR, Tuckermann JP, Moll HP, Cirstea IC. The glucocorticoid receptor associates with RAS complexes to inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabm4452. [PMID: 35316097 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abm4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mutations that activate members of the RAS family of GTPases are associated with various cancers and drive tumor growth. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor family, has been proposed to interact with and inhibit the activation of components of the PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways downstream of RAS. In the absence of activating ligands, we found that GR was present in cytoplasmic KRAS-containing complexes and inhibited the activation of wild-type and oncogenic KRAS in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human lung cancer A549 cells. The DNA binding domain of GR was involved in the interaction with KRAS, but GR-dependent inhibition of RAS activation did not depend on the nuclear translocation of GR. The addition of ligand released GR-dependent inhibition of RAS, AKT, the MAPK p38, and the MAPKK MEK. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of GR in A549 cells enhanced tumor growth in xenografts in mice. Patient samples of non-small cell lung carcinomas showed lower expression of NR3C1, the gene encoding GR, compared to adjacent normal tissues and lower NR3C1 expression correlated with a worse disease outcome. These results suggest that glucocorticoids prevent the ability of GR to limit tumor growth by inhibiting RAS activation, which has potential implications for the use of glucocorticoids in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Miray Fidan
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristina Breitenecker
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Melanie Engler
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Naser Kazemitash
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Traut
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Metrology (ILM), University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, Building 22.03.05, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Herwig P Moll
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ion Cristian Cirstea
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Xu R, Yu J, Song S, Sun D, Xiu L, Xu J, Zhao J, Liu X, Ji Q, Yue X. Long non-coding RNA ncRuPAR regulates gastric cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1835-1846. [PMID: 36438913 PMCID: PMC9682512 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.76664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the effect and mechanism of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ncRuPAR (non-protein coding RNA, upstream of coagulation factor II thrombin receptor [F2R]/protease-activated receptor-1 [PAR-1]) in human gastric cancer. Methods: HGC-27-ncRuPAR overexpression and MGC-803-ncRuPAR-RNAi knockdown gastric cancer cell lines were established. We assessed the effect of ncRuPAR on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion using Cell Counting Kit 8, flow cytometry, scratch and transwell assays, respectively. Differentially expressed genes in HGC-27-ncRuPAR overexpression and HGC-27-empty vector cell lines were identified using Affymetrix GeneChip microarray analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of the microarray results was subsequently conducted to identify ncRuPAR-enriched pathways, followed by validation using real time-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). As one of the top enriched pathways, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway was further examined by western blotting to determine its role in ncRuPAR-mediated regulation of gastric cancer pathogenesis. Results: ncRuPAR inhibited human gastric cancer cell proliferation and induced G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis, but did not affect migration or invasion in vitro. Overexpression of ncRuPAR in vitro was found to inhibit its known target PAR-1, as well as PI3K/Akt signaling. The downstream targets of PI3K/Akt, cyclin D1 was downregulated, but there was no change in expression level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Conclusions: We showed that lncRNA-ncRuPAR could inhibit tumor cell proliferation and promote apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells, potentially by inhibiting PAR-1, PI3K/Akt signaling, and cyclin D1. The results suggest a potential role for lncRNAs as key regulatory hubs in GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shangjin Song
- Strategic Support Force Xingcheng Special Duty Sanatorium, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dazhi Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Lijuan Xiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jinyu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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6
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Chauhan R, Bhat AA, Masoodi T, Bagga P, Reddy R, Gupta A, Sheikh ZA, Macha MA, Haris M, Singh M. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 37: an important cog in the oncogenic machinery of cancerous cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:356. [PMID: 34758854 PMCID: PMC8579576 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is one of the most crucial posttranslational modifications responsible for regulating the stability and activity of proteins involved in homeostatic cellular function. Inconsistencies in the ubiquitination process may lead to tumorigenesis. Ubiquitin-specific peptidases are attractive therapeutic targets in different cancers and are being evaluated for clinical development. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 37 (USP37) is one of the least studied members of the USP family. USP37 controls numerous aspects of oncogenesis, including stabilizing many different oncoproteins. Recent work highlights the role of USP37 in stimulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in lung and breast cancer by stabilizing SNAI1 and stimulating the sonic hedgehog pathway, respectively. Several aspects of USP37 biology in cancer cells are yet unclear and are an active area of research. This review emphasizes the importance of USP37 in cancer and how identifying its molecular targets and signalling networks in various cancer types can help advance cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Genetikode, Mumbai, India
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ashna Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Sheikh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Pulwama, India
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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7
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Differential Subcellular Distribution and Translocation of Seven 14-3-3 Isoforms in Response to EGF and During the Cell Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010318. [PMID: 31906564 PMCID: PMC6981507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple isoforms of 14-3-3 proteins exist in different organisms. In mammalian cells, 14-3-3 protein has seven isoforms (α/β, ε, η, γ, σ, θ/τ, and δ/ζ), with α and δ representing the phosphorylated versions of β and ζ, respectively. While the existence of multiple isoforms may represent one more level of regulation in 14-3-3 signaling, our knowledge regarding the isoform-specific functions of 14-3-3 proteins is very limited. Determination of the subcellular localization of the different 14-3-3 isoforms could give us important clues of their specific functions. In this study, by using indirect immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation, and immunoblotting, we studied the subcellular localization of the total 14-3-3 protein and each of the seven 14-3-3 isoforms; their redistribution throughout the cell cycle; and their translocation in response to EGF in Cos-7 cells. We showed that 14-3-3 proteins are broadly distributed throughout the cell and associated with many subcellular structures/organelles, including the plasma membrane (PM), mitochondria, ER, nucleus, microtubules, and actin fibers. This broad distribution underlines the multiple functions identified for 14-3-3 proteins. The different isoforms of 14-3-3 proteins have distinctive subcellular localizations, which suggest their distinctive cellular functions. Most notably, 14-3-3ƞ is almost exclusively localized to the mitochondria, 14-3-3γ is only localized to the nucleus, and 14-3-3σ strongly and specifically associated with the centrosome during mitosis. We also examined the subcellular localization of the seven 14-3-3 isoforms in other cells, including HEK-293, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cells, which largely confirmed our findings with Cos-7 cells.
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8
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Davis LK. Intelligent Design of 14-3-3 Docking Proteins Utilizing Synthetic Evolution Artificial Intelligence (SYN-AI). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18948-18960. [PMID: 31763516 PMCID: PMC6868599 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to write DNA code from scratch will allow for the discovery of new and interesting chemistries as well as allowing the rewiring of cell signal pathways. Herein, we have utilized synthetic evolution artificial intelligence (SYN-AI) to intelligently design a set of 14-3-3 docking genes. SYN-AI engineers synthetic genes utilizing a parental gene as an evolution template. Wherein, evolution is fast-forwarded by transforming template gene sequences to DNA secondary and tertiary codes based upon gene hierarchical structural levels. The DNA secondary code allows identification of genomic building blocks across an orthologous sequence space comprising multiple genomes. Where, the DNA tertiary code allows engineering of supersecondary structures. SYN-AI constructed a library of 10 million genes that was reduced to three structurally functional 14-3-3 docking genes by applying natural selection protocols. Synthetic protein identity was verified utilizing Clustal Omega sequence alignments and Phylogeny.fr phylogenetic analysis. Wherein, we were able to confirm the three-dimensional structure utilizing I-TASSER and protein-ligand interactions utilizing COACH and Cofactor. The conservation of allosteric communications was confirmed utilizing elastic and anisotropic network models. Whereby, we utilized elNemo and ANM2.1 to confirm conservation of the 14-3-3 ζ amphipathic groove. Notably, to the best of our knowledge, we report the first 14-3-3 docking genes to be written from scratch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy K. Davis
- Prairie
View A&M University, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center (CARC), 700 University Drive, Prairie
View, Texas 77446-0518, United States
- Gene
Evolution Project, LLC, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70835, United States
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9
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Abdrabou A, Brandwein D, Liu C, Wang Z. Rac1 S71 Mediates the Interaction between Rac1 and 14-3-3 Proteins. Cells 2019; 8:E1006. [PMID: 31480268 PMCID: PMC6770128 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both 14-3-3 proteins (14-3-3s) and Rho proteins regulate cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration, which suggests a possible interaction between the signaling pathways regulated by these two groups of proteins. Indeed, more and more emerging evidence indicates the mutual regulation of these two signaling pathways. However, all of the data regarding the interaction between Rac1 signaling pathways and 14-3-3 signaling pathways are through either the upstream regulators or downstream substrates. It is not clear if Rac1 could interact with 14-3-3s directly. It is interesting to notice that the Rac1 sequence 68RPLSYP73 is likely a 14-3-3 protein binding motif following the phosphorylation of S71 by Akt. Thus, we hypothesize that Rac1 directly interacts with 14-3-3s. We tested this hypothesis in this research. By using mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), Rac1 activity assay, immunoblotting, and indirect immunofluorescence, we demonstrate that 14-3-3s interact with Rac1. This interaction is mediated by Rac1 S71 in both phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners, but the phosphorylation-dependent interaction is much stronger. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) strongly stimulates the phosphorylation of Rac1 S71 and the interaction between 14-3-3s and Rac1. Mutating S71 to A completely abolishes both phosphorylation-dependent and -independent interactions between 14-3-3s and Rac1. The interaction between 14-3-3s and Rac1 mostly serve to regulate the activity and subcellular localization of Rac1. Among the seven 14-3-3 isoforms, 14-3-3η, -σ, and -θ showed interactions with Rac1 in both Cos-7 and HEK 293 cells. 14-3-3γ also binds to Rac1 in HEK 293 cells, but not in Cos-7 cells. We conclude that 14-3-3s interact with Rac1. This interaction is mediated by Rac1 S71 in both phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners. The interaction between 14-3-3 and Rac1 mostly serves to regulate the activity and subcellular localization of Rac1. Among the seven 14-3-3 isoforms, 14-3-3η, -γ, -σ, and -θ interact with Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Abdrabou
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Daniel Brandwein
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Changyu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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10
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Wang R, Cai Y, Zhang B, Wu Z. A 16-gene expression signature to distinguish stage I from stage II lung squamous carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1377-1384. [PMID: 29286069 PMCID: PMC5819923 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to perform screening of a gene signature for the discrimination and prognostic prediction of stage I and II lung squamous carcinoma. A microarray meta‑analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between stage I and II lung squamous carcinoma samples in seven microarray datasets collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database via the MetaQC and MetaDE package in R. The important DEGs were selected according to the betweenness centrality value of the protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network. Support vector machine (SVM) analysis was performed to screen the feature genes for discrimination and prognosis. One independent dataset downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas was used to validate the reliability. Pathway enrichment analysis was also performed for the feature genes. A total of 924 DEGs were identified to construct a PPI network consisting of 392 nodes and 686 edges. The top 100 of the 392 nodes were selected as crucial genes to construct an SVM classifier, and a 16‑gene signature (caveolin 1, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1γ, casein kinase 2α1, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation η, tyrosine 3‑monooxygenase/tryptophan 5‑monooxygenase activation θ, pleiotrophin, insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, 3‑phosphoinositide‑dependent protein kinase‑1, specificity protein 1, COP9 signalosome subunit 6, N‑myc downstream regulated gene 1, retinoid X receptor α, heat shock protein 90α A1, karyopherin subunit β1 and erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1) with high discrimination accuracy was identified. This 16‑gene signature had significant prognostic value, and patients with stage II lung squamous carcinoma exhibited shorter survival rates, compared with those with stage I disease. Seven DEGs of the 16-gene signature were significantly involved in the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase‑Akt signaling pathway. The 16‑gene signature identified in the present study may be useful for stratifying the patients with stage I or II lung squamous carcinoma and predicting prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of VIP and Geriatrics, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Gaoxin Industrial Development Distinct, Xi'an, Shanxi 710075
| | | | - Baoping Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shanxi 721008, P.R. China
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11
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Rietscher K, Keil R, Jordan A, Hatzfeld M. 14-3-3 proteins regulate desmosomal adhesion via plakophilins. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.212191. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.212191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are essential for strong intercellular adhesion and are abundant in tissues exposed to mechanical strain. At the same time, desmosomes need to be dynamic to allow for remodeling of epithelia during differentiation or wound healing. Phosphorylation of desmosomal plaque proteins appears essential for desmosome dynamics. However, the mechanisms how context-dependent post-translational modifications regulate desmosome formation, dynamics or stability are incompletely understood. Here, we show that growth factor signaling regulates the phosphorylation-dependent association of plakophilins 1 and 3 with 14-3-3 protein isoforms and uncover unique and partially antagonistic functions of members of the 14-3-3 family in the regulation of desmosomes. 14-3-3γ associated primarily with cytoplasmic plakophilin 1 phosphorylated at S155 and destabilized intercellular cohesion of keratinocytes by reducing its incorporation into desmosomes. In contrast, stratifin/14-3-3σ interacted preferentially with S285-phosphorylated plakophilin 3 to promote its accumulation at tricellular contact sites, leading to stable desmosomes. Taken together, our study identifies a new layer of regulation of intercellular adhesion by 14-3-3 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rietscher
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - René Keil
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Annemarie Jordan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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12
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Gomes CJ, Centuori SM, Harman MW, Putnam CW, Wolgemuth CW, Martinez JD. The induction of endoreduplication and polyploidy by elevated expression of 14-3-3γ. Genes Cancer 2017; 8:771-783. [PMID: 29321819 PMCID: PMC5755723 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that specific 14-3-3 isoforms are frequently elevated in cancer and that these proteins play a role in human tumorigenesis. 14-3-3γ, an isoform recently demonstrated to function as an oncoprotein, is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers; however, its role in promoting tumorigenesis remains unclear. We previously reported that overexpression of 14-3-3γ caused the appearance of polyploid cells, a phenotype demonstrated to have profound tumor promoting properties. Here we examined the mechanism driving 14-3-3γ-induced polyploidization and the effect this has on genomic stability. Using FUCCI probes we showed that these polyploid cells appeared when diploid cells failed to enter mitosis and subsequently underwent endoreduplication. We then demonstrated that 14-3-3γ-induced polyploid cells experience significant chromosomal segregation errors during mitosis and observed that some of these cells stably propagate as tetraploids when isolated cells were expanded into stable cultures. These data lead us to conclude that overexpression of the 14-3-3γ promotes endoreduplication. We further investigated the role of 14-3-3γ in human NSCLC samples and found that its expression is significantly elevated in polyploid tumors. Collectively, these results suggests that 14-3-3γ may promote tumorigenesis through the production of a genetically unstable polyploid intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecil J Gomes
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sara M Centuori
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael W Harman
- Department of Surgical Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Charles W Putnam
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Charles W Wolgemuth
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jesse D Martinez
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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13
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Interaction between Rho GTPases and 14-3-3 Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102148. [PMID: 29036929 PMCID: PMC5666830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase family accounts for as many as 20 members. Among them, the archetypes RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 have been the most well-characterized. Like all members of the small GTPases superfamily, Rho proteins act as molecular switches to control cellular processes by cycling between active, GTP-bound and inactive, GDP-bound states. The 14-3-3 family proteins comprise seven isoforms. They exist as dimers (homo- or hetero-dimer) in cells. They function by binding to Ser/Thr phosphorylated intracellular proteins, which alters the conformation, activity, and subcellular localization of their binding partners. Both 14-3-3 proteins and Rho GTPases regulate cell cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration, which suggests a possible interaction between the signaling pathways regulated by these two groups of proteins. Indeed, more and more emerging evidence indicates the mutual regulation of these two signaling pathways. There have been many documented reviews of 14-3-3 protein and Rac1 separately, but there is no review regarding the interaction and mutual regulation of these two groups of proteins. Thus, in this article we thoroughly review all the reported interactions between the signaling pathways regulated by 14-3-3 proteins and Rho GTPases (mostly Rac1).
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14
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Cornell B, Toyo-Oka K. 14-3-3 Proteins in Brain Development: Neurogenesis, Neuronal Migration and Neuromorphogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:318. [PMID: 29075177 PMCID: PMC5643407 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved, multifunctional proteins that are highly expressed in the brain during development. Cumulatively, the seven 14-3-3 isoforms make up approximately 1% of total soluble brain protein. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated implicating the importance of the 14-3-3 protein family in the development of the nervous system, in particular cortical development, and have more recently been recognized as key regulators in a number of neurodevelopmental processes. In this review we will discuss the known roles of each 14-3-3 isoform in the development of the cortex, their relation to human neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the challenges and questions that are left to be answered. In particular, we focus on the 14-3-3 isoforms and their involvement in the three key stages of cortical development; neurogenesis and differentiation, neuronal migration and neuromorphogenesis and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Cornell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Kim JO, Kim SR, Lim KH, Kim JH, Ajjappala B, Lee HJ, Choi JI, Baek KH. Deubiquitinating enzyme USP37 regulating oncogenic function of 14-3-3γ. Oncotarget 2017; 6:36551-76. [PMID: 26427597 PMCID: PMC4742195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 is a family of highly conserved protein that is involved in a number of cellular processes. In this study, we identified that the high expression of 14-3-3γ in various cancer cell lines correlates with the invasiveness of the cancer cells. Overexpression of 14-3-3γ causes changes to the morphologic characteristics of cell transformation, and promotes cell migration and invasion. The cells overexpressed with 14-3-3γ have been shown to stimulate foci and tumor formation in SCID-NOD mice in concert with signaling components as reported with the 14-3-3β. In our previous study, we demonstrated that 14-3-3γ inhibits apoptotic cell death and mediates the promotion of cell proliferation in immune cell lines. Earlier, binding partners for 14-3-3γ were defined by screening. We found that USP37, one of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), belongs to this binding partner group. Therefore, we investigated whether 14-3-3γ mediates proliferation in cancer cells, and 14-3-3γ by USP37 is responsible for promoting cell proliferation. Importantly, we found that USP37 regulates the stability of ubiquitin-conjugated 14-3-3γ through its catalytic activity. This result implies that the interactive behavior between USP37 and 14-3-3γ could be involved in the regulation of 14-3-3γ degradation. When all these findings are considered together, USP37 is shown to be a specific DUB that prevents 14-3-3γ degradation, which may contribute to malignant transformation via MAPK signaling pathway, possibly providing a new target for therapeutic objectives of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ock Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Brijesh Ajjappala
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Hey-Jin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-In Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
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16
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Joshi T, Elias D, Stenvang J, Alves CL, Teng F, Lyng MB, Lykkesfeldt AE, Brünner N, Wang J, Gupta R, Workman CT, Ditzel HJ. Integrative analysis of miRNA and gene expression reveals regulatory networks in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:57239-57253. [PMID: 27528030 PMCID: PMC5302986 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is an effective anti-estrogen treatment for patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, however, tamoxifen resistance is frequently observed. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance, we performed a systematic analysis of miRNA-mediated gene regulation in three clinically-relevant tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines (TamRs) compared to their parental tamoxifen-sensitive cell line. Alterations in the expression of 131 miRNAs in tamoxifen-resistant vs. parental cell lines were identified, 22 of which were common to all TamRs using both sequencing and LNA-based quantitative PCR technologies. Although the target genes affected by the altered miRNA in the three TamRs differed, good agreement in terms of affected molecular pathways was observed. Moreover, we found evidence of miRNA-mediated regulation of ESR1, PGR1, FOXM1 and 14-3-3 family genes. Integrating the inferred miRNA-target relationships, we investigated the functional importance of 2 central genes, SNAI2 and FYN, which showed increased expression in TamR cells, while their corresponding regulatory miRNA were downregulated. Using specific chemical inhibitors and siRNA-mediated gene knockdown, we showed that both SNAI2 and FYN significantly affect the growth of TamR cell lines. Finally, we show that a combination of 2 miRNAs (miR-190b and miR-516a-5p) exhibiting altered expression in TamR cell lines were predictive of treatment outcome in a cohort of ER+ breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen mono-therapy. Our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance and may form the basis for future medical intervention for the large number of women with tamoxifen-resistant ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal Joshi
- Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel Elias
- Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Stenvang
- Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Disease Biology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carla L. Alves
- Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fei Teng
- Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI (Beijing Genomics Institute), Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maria B. Lyng
- Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne E. Lykkesfeldt
- Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Breast Cancer Group, Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Brünner
- Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Disease Biology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jun Wang
- Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI (Beijing Genomics Institute), Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christopher T. Workman
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik J. Ditzel
- Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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17
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Lee YS, Lee JK, Bae Y, Lee BS, Kim E, Cho CH, Ryoo K, Yoo J, Kim CH, Yi GS, Lee SG, Lee CJ, Kang SS, Hwang EM, Park JY. Suppression of 14-3-3γ-mediated surface expression of ANO1 inhibits cancer progression of glioblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26413. [PMID: 27212225 PMCID: PMC4876403 DOI: 10.1038/srep26413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin-1 (ANO1) acts as a Ca2+-activated Cl− channel in various normal tissues, and its expression is increased in several different types of cancer. Therefore, understanding the regulation of ANO1 surface expression is important for determining its physiological and pathophysiological functions. However, the trafficking mechanism of ANO1 remains elusive. Here, we report that segment a (N-terminal 116 amino acids) of ANO1 is crucial for its surface expression, and we identified 14-3-3γ as a binding partner for anterograde trafficking using yeast two-hybrid screening. The surface expression of ANO1 was enhanced by 14-3-3γ, and the Thr9 residue of ANO1 was critical for its interaction with 14-3-3γ. Gene silencing of 14-3-3γ and/or ANO1 demonstrated that suppression of ANO1 surface expression inhibited migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells. These findings provide novel therapeutic implications for glioblastomas, which are associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Lee
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.,Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Lee
- Neuroscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Bae
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Soon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Cho
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghyun Ryoo
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Su Yi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, KHU-KIST department of Convergging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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18
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Liu L, Zhang LI, Lin YE, Bian Y, Gao X, Qu BO, Li Q. 14-3-3γ regulates cell viability and milk fat synthesis in lipopolysaccharide-induced dairy cow mammary epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1279-1287. [PMID: 27073437 PMCID: PMC4812431 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that 14-3-3γ overexpression was able to inhibit the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokines in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. However, the association between 14-3-3γ overexpression and milk fat synthesis in LPS-induced DCMECs remains unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of 14-3-3γ on cell viability and milk fat synthesis in LPS-induced DCMECs. The results of the MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase activity assay demonstrated that 14-3-3γ overexpression was able to attenuate LPS-induced cytotoxicity in DCMECs, and increase the viability of the cells. In addition, the results of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction suggested that mRNA expression levels of genes associated with milk fat synthesis, including sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG), cluster of differentiation 36, acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatty acid binding protein-3, were significantly upregulated in cells overexpressing the 14-3-3γ protein. In addition, as compared with the LPS-treated group, the activities of FAS and ACC were significantly increased. Furthermore, western blotting demonstrated that 14-3-3γ overexpression enhanced the protein expression levels of phosphorylated SREBP1 and PPARG. These results suggested that high levels of 14-3-3γ protein were able to attenuate LPS-induced cell damage and promote milk fat synthesis in LPS-induced DCMECs by increasing the cell viability and upregulating the expression levels of transcription factors associated with milk fat synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China; College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - L I Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Y E Lin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie Bian
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - B O Qu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
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19
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Estève PO, Zhang G, Ponnaluri VKC, Deepti K, Chin HG, Dai N, Sagum C, Black K, Corrêa IR, Bedford MT, Cheng X, Pradhan S. Binding of 14-3-3 reader proteins to phosphorylated DNMT1 facilitates aberrant DNA methylation and gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:1642-56. [PMID: 26553800 PMCID: PMC4770214 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is essential for maintenance methylation. Phosphorylation of Ser143 (pSer143) stabilizes DNMT1 during DNA replication. Here, we show 14-3-3 is a reader protein of DNMT1pSer143. In mammalian cells 14-3-3 colocalizes and binds DNMT1pSer143 post-DNA replication. The level of DNMT1pSer143 increased with overexpression of 14-3-3 and decreased by its depletion. Binding of 14-3-3 proteins with DNMT1pSer143 resulted in inhibition of DNA methylation activity in vitro. In addition, overexpression of 14-3-3 in NIH3T3 cells led to decrease in DNMT1 specific activity resulting in hypomethylation of the genome that was rescued by transfection of DNMT1. Genes representing cell migration, mobility, proliferation and focal adhesion pathway were hypomethylated and overexpressed. Furthermore, overexpression of 14-3-3 also resulted in enhanced cell invasion. Analysis of TCGA breast cancer patient data showed significant correlation for DNA hypomethylation and reduced patient survival with increased 14-3-3 expressions. Therefore, we suggest that 14-3-3 is a crucial reader of DNMT1pSer143 that regulates DNA methylation and altered gene expression that contributes to cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- New England Biolabs Inc, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | | | | | - Hang Gyeong Chin
- New England Biolabs Inc, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Nan Dai
- New England Biolabs Inc, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Cari Sagum
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Karynne Black
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Ivan R Corrêa
- New England Biolabs Inc, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sriharsa Pradhan
- New England Biolabs Inc, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
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20
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Young GM, Radhakrishnan VM, Centuori SM, Gomes CJ, Martinez JD. Comparative analysis of 14-3-3 isoform expression and epigenetic alterations in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:826. [PMID: 26518883 PMCID: PMC4628284 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 14-3-3 family is a group of intracellular proteins found in all eukaryotic organisms. Humans have seven isoforms that serve as scaffolds to promote interactions of regulatory phospho-proteins involved in many vital cellular processes and previous studies have shown that disturbances in native 14-3-3 levels can contribute significantly to the development of various cancers. Methods DNA and RNA was extracted from frozen tissue samples collected by the Human Cooperative Tissue Network. RNA samples were reverse transcribed and subjected to qRT-PCR analysis using fluorescently labelled probes. Genomic DNA was treated with bisulfite and cloned into bacterial vectors for subsequent high-resolution sequencing. Mammalian NIH3T3 cells were transformed with 14-3-3 eta and Ras expression vectors synthesized from cDNA. Colonies were counted and transforming capability assessed after 21 days of growth. Cell lysates were analyzed by western blot to verify protein expression. Results Here we examined normal and cancerous 14-3-3 expression levels of all seven isoforms in a cohort of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas and in a group of tumors and their matched normals using qRT-PCR analysis. We found a statistically significant decrease in the levels of 14-3-3 sigma, eta, and zeta observed among adenocarcinomas compared to normal tissue. A parallel analysis of microarray data from the TCGA dataset confirmed that expression of sigma and eta were down-regulated in colon tumors. To explore the mechanisms behind 14-3-3 expression changes, we examined the methylation status of the sigma, eta, and zeta gene promoters in selected samples. Our data identified novel CpG methylation sites in the eta promoter consistent with epigenetic silencing of both 14-3-3 sigma and eta isoforms during colon tumorigenesis. Because epigenetic silencing is the hallmark of a tumor suppressor we tested eta in focus formation assays and found that it is capable of suppressing ras-induced transformation of NIH3T3 cells. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the 14-3-3 eta gene as a tumor suppressor and that its expression is suppressed in colon tumors by DNA hypermethylation. These data suggest a link between 14-3-3 expression levels and the development of colon cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1856-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M Young
- Undergraduate Biomedical Research Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, 85724, Arizona, USA.
| | - Vijayababu M Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, 85724, Arizona, USA.
| | - Sara M Centuori
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, 85724, Arizona, USA.
| | - Cecil J Gomes
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, 85724, Arizona, USA. .,University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, 85724, Arizona, USA.
| | - Jesse D Martinez
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, 85724, Arizona, USA. .,University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, 85724, Arizona, USA.
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Aghazadeh Y, Papadopoulos V. The role of the 14-3-3 protein family in health, disease, and drug development. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:278-87. [PMID: 26456530 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins regulate intracellular signaling pathways, such as signal transduction, protein trafficking, cell cycle, and apoptosis. In addition to the ubiquitous roles of 14-3-3 isoforms, unique tissue-specific functions are also described for each isoform. Owing to their role in regulating cell cycle, protein trafficking, and steroidogenesis, 14-3-3 proteins are prevalent in human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and reproductive disorders, and, therefore, serve as valuable drug targets. In this review, we summarize the role of 14-3-3 proteins in normal and disease states, with a focus on 14-3-3γ and ɛ. We also discuss drug compounds targeting 14-3-3 proteins and their potential therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Aghazadeh
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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22
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Wachi T, Cornell B, Marshall C, Zhukarev V, Baas PW, Toyo-oka K. Ablation of the 14-3-3gamma Protein Results in Neuronal Migration Delay and Morphological Defects in the Developing Cerebral Cortex. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 76:600-14. [PMID: 26297819 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are ubiquitously-expressed and multifunctional proteins. There are seven isoforms in mammals with a high level of homology, suggesting potential functional redundancy. We previously found that two of seven isoforms, 14-3-3epsilon and 14-3-3zeta, are important for brain development, in particular, radial migration of pyramidal neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. In this work, we analyzed the function of another isoform, the protein 14-3-3gamma, with respect to neuronal migration in the developing cortex. We found that in utero 14-3-3gamma-deficiency resulted in delays in neuronal migration as well as morphological defects. Migrating neurons deficient in 14-3-3gamma displayed a thicker leading process stem, and the basal ends of neurons were not able to reach the boundary between the cortical plate and the marginal zone. Consistent with the results obtained from in utero electroporation, time-lapse live imaging of brain slices revealed that the ablation of the 14-3-3gamma proteins in pyramidal neurons slowed down their migration. In addition, the 14-3-3gamma deficient neurons showed morphological abnormalities, including increased multipolar neurons with a thicker leading processes stem during migration. These results indicate that the 14-3-3gamma proteins play an important role in radial migration by regulating the morphology of migrating neurons in the cerebral cortex. The findings underscore the pathological phenotypes of brain development associated with the disruption of different 14-3-3 proteins and will advance the preclinical data regarding disorders caused by neuronal migration defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Wachi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19129
| | - Brett Cornell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19129
| | - Courtney Marshall
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19129
| | - Vladimir Zhukarev
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19129
| | - Peter W Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19129
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19129
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Mulvey HE, Chang A, Adler J, Del Tatto M, Perez K, Quesenberry PJ, Chatterjee D. Extracellular vesicle-mediated phenotype switching in malignant and non-malignant colon cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:571. [PMID: 26231887 PMCID: PMC4522096 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from many cells, carrying cargoes including proteins and nucleic acids. Research has shown that EVs play a role in a variety of biological processes including immunity, bone formation and recently they have been implicated in promotion of a metastatic phenotype. METHODS EVs were isolated from HCT116 colon cancer cells, 1459 non-malignant colon fibroblast cells, and tumor and normal colon tissue from a patient sample. Co-cultures were performed with 1459 cells and malignant vesicles, as well as HCT116 cells and non-malignant vesicles. Malignant phenotype was measured using soft agar colony formation assay. Co-cultures were also analyzed for protein levels using mass spectrometry. The importance of 14-3-3 zeta/delta in transfer of malignant phenotype was explored using siRNA. Additionally, luciferase reporter assay was used to measure the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. RESULTS This study demonstrates the ability of EVs derived from malignant colon cancer cell line and malignant patient tissue to induce the malignant phenotype in non-malignant colon cells. Similarly, EVs derived from non-malignant colon cell lines and normal patient tissue reversed the malignant phenotype of HCT116 cells. Cells expressing an EV-induced malignant phenotype showed increased transcriptional activity of NF-κB which was inhibited by the NF--κB inhibitor, BAY117082. We also demonstrate that knock down of 14-3-3 zeta/delta reduced anchorage-independent growth of HCT116 cells and 1459 cells co-cultured with HCT derived EVs. CONCLUSIONS Evidence of EV-mediated induction of malignant phenotype, and reversal of malignant phenotype, provides rational basis for further study of the role of EVs in tumorigenesis. Identification of 14-3-3 zeta/delta as up-regulated in malignancy suggests its potential as a putative drug target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary E Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Coro West, Suite 5.01, One Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Audrey Chang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Coro West, Suite 5.01, One Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Jason Adler
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Coro West, Suite 5.01, One Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Michael Del Tatto
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Coro West, Suite 5.01, One Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Kimberly Perez
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Coro West, Suite 5.01, One Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Peter J Quesenberry
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Coro West, Suite 5.01, One Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Devasis Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Coro West, Suite 5.01, One Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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24
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Woodcock JM, Coolen C, Goodwin KL, Baek DJ, Bittman R, Samuel MS, Pitson SM, Lopez AF. Destabilisation of dimeric 14-3-3 proteins as a novel approach to anti-cancer therapeutics. Oncotarget 2015; 6:14522-36. [PMID: 25971334 PMCID: PMC4546484 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play a pivotal role in controlling cell proliferation and survival, two commonly dysregulated hallmarks of cancers. 14-3-3 protein expression is enhanced in many human cancers and correlates with more aggressive tumors and poor prognosis, suggesting a role for 14-3-3 proteins in tumorigenesis and/or progression. We showed previously that the dimeric state of 14-3-3 proteins is regulated by the lipid sphingosine, a physiological inducer of apoptosis. As the functions of 14-3-3 proteins are dependent on their dimeric state, this sphingosine-mediated 14-3-3 regulation provides a possible means to target dimeric 14-3-3 for therapeutic effect. However, sphingosine mimics are needed that are not susceptible to sphingolipid metabolism. We show here the identification and optimization of sphingosine mimetics that render dimeric 14-3-3 susceptible to phosphorylation at a site buried in the dimer interface and induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Two such compounds, RB-011 and RB-012, disrupt 14-3-3 dimers at low micromolar concentrations and induce rapid down-regulation of Raf-MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling in Jurkat cells. Importantly, both RB-011 and RB-012 induce apoptosis of human A549 lung cancer cells and RB-012, through disruption of MAPK signaling, reduces xenograft growth in mice. Thus, these compounds provide proof-of-principle for this novel 14-3-3-targeting approach for anti-cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Woodcock
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carl Coolen
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katy L. Goodwin
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dong Jae Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Michael S. Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Angel F. Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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25
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Alkan Z, Duong FL, Hawkes WC. Selenoprotein W controls epidermal growth factor receptor surface expression, activation and degradation via receptor ubiquitination. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1087-95. [PMID: 25721765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is the founding member of the ErbB family of growth factor receptors that modulate a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways controlling growth, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Selenoprotein W (SEPW1) is a highly conserved, diet-regulated 9kDa thioredoxin-like protein required for normal cell cycle progression. We report here that SEPW1 is required for EGF-induced EGFR activation and that it functions by suppressing EGFR ubiquitination and receptor degradation. SEPW1 depletion inhibited EGF-dependent cell cycle entry in breast and prostate epithelial cells. In prostate cells, SEPW1 depletion decreased EGFR auto-phosphorylation, while SEPW1 overexpression increased EGFR auto-phosphorylation. SEPW1 depletion increased the rate of EGFR degradation, which decreased total and surface EGFR and suppressed EGF-dependent EGFR endocytosis, EGFR dimer formation, and activation of EGF-dependent pathways. EGFR ubiquitination was increased in SEPW1-depleted cells--in agreement with the increased rate of EGFR degradation, and suggests that SEPW1 suppresses EGFR ubiquitination. Ubiquitination-directed lysozomal degradation controls post-translational EGFR expression and is dysregulated in many cancers. Thus, suppression of EGFR ubiquitination by SEPW1 may be related to the putative increase in cancer risk associated with high selenium intakes. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying SEPW1's regulation of EGFR ubiquitination may reveal new opportunities for nutritional cancer prevention or cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Alkan
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Frank L Duong
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 103, West Hollywood, CA 90048, USA
| | - Wayne C Hawkes
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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26
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Chen DY, Dai DF, Hua Y, Qi WQ. p53 suppresses 14-3-3γ by stimulating proteasome-mediated 14-3-3γ protein degradation. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:818-24. [PMID: 25384678 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved polypeptides that interact with a large number of proteins and play a role in a wide variety of cellular processes. 14-3-3 proteins have been demonstrated overexpressed in several cancers and serving as potential oncogenes. In a previous study we showed one isoform of the 14-3-3 family, 14-3-3γ was negatively regulated by p53 through binding to its promoter and inhibiting its transcription. In the present study we investigated both p53 and 14-3-3γ protein levels in human lung cancerous tissues and normal lung tissues. We found 14-3-3γ expression correlated to p53 overexpression in lung cancer tissues. Ecotopic expression of wild-type p53, but not mutant p53 (R175H) suppressed both endogenous and exogenous 14-3-3γ in colon and lung cancer cell lines. Further examination demonstrated that p53 interacted with C-terminal domain of 14-3-3γ and induced 14-3-3γ ubiquitination. MG132, a specific inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, could block the effect of p53 on 14-3-3γ protein levels, suggesting that p53 suppressed 14-3-3γ by stimulating the process of proteasome-mediated degradation of 14-3-3γ. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of p53 on 14-3-3γ is mediated also by a post-transcriptional mechanism. Loss of p53 function may result in upregulation of 14-3-3γ in lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Fang Dai
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Ye Hua
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Qi
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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27
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Raungrut P, Wongkotsila A, Lirdprapamongkol K, Svasti J, Geater SL, Phukaoloun M, Suwiwat S, Thongsuksai P. Prognostic Significance of 14-3-3γ Overexpression in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3513-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.8.3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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28
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Reversal of chemosensitivity and induction of cell malignancy of a non-malignant prostate cancer cell line upon extracellular vesicle exposure. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:118. [PMID: 24103426 PMCID: PMC3851868 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicle (EV) trafficking is a fundamental cellular process that occurs in cells and is required for different aspects of pathophysiology. EV trafficking leads to changes in cellular function including apoptosis, angiogenesis and proliferation required for increased tumor formation. Results We report several phenotypic changes mediated by EVs isolated from non-malignant and malignant prostate cells as well as patient biopsied prostate tumor samples. EVs can reverse the resistance of prostate cancer cells to camptothecin EVs isolated from non-malignant PrECs (Prostate Epithelial Cells) can reverse soft agar colony formation of malignant DU145 cells, with the reciprocal effect observed. Isolation of EVs from 2 Gleason grade 8 prostate cancer patients significantly induced soft agar colony formation of non-malignant PrECs. We have identified proteins via antibody and Mass spectrometry analysis that may be responsible for the phenotypic changes. Mass spectrometry analysis of protein lysates using ProteoIQ revealed protein candidates associated with gene ontology annotations that may be responsible for this phenotypic change. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify statistically relevant canonical pathways and functions associated the protein IDs and expression values obtained using ProteoIQ. Western blot analysis confirmed the increase of 14-3-3 zeta, pRKIP and prohibitin protein levels in PrEC cells co-cultured with patient EVs. 14-3-3 proteins were also found as common proteins of 3 other Gleason grade 8 patients. Conclusion Our study provides a rational basis to further investigate putative proteins, such as 14-3-3 and prohibitin and genetic factors that may be responsible for phenotypic changes that are associated with prostate cancer progression.
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29
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Wu Z, Weng D, Li G. Quantitative proteome analysis of overexpressed Cripto-1 tumor cell reveals 14-3-3γ as a novel biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Proteomics 2013; 83:26-36. [PMID: 23500129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We previously found that Cripto-1 is involved in the tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, to identify new NPC related proteins and to investigate the clinicopathological correlations of it in NPC, Cripto-1 over-expressed cell (CNE1/CR1(+)) was established. Two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used to identify 23 differential proteins in CNE1/CR1(+) and parental cells. Among them, 14-3-3γ showed the potential to be a NPC related protein. 14-3-3γ expression was found in 58.3% (60/103) tumor tissues as detected by IHC, and 69.6% (16/23) NPC fresh tumors expressed higher 14-3-3γ than paired non-cancerous tissues as detected by Western blot. Moreover, 14-3-3γ expression was positively correlated with N classification (p=0.031), distant metastasis (M classification, p=0.018) and clinical stage (p=0.046) of NPC patients. As determined by the Kaplan-Meier method, 14-3-3γ expression in NPC was significantly associated with overall survival (p=0.015). Multivariate analysis also showed that the expression of 14-3-3γ protein was an independent prognostic factor for outcome of NPC. In this study, we identified upregulated 14-3-3γ by 2D-DIGE in CNE1/CR-1(+). We also demonstrated that 14-3-3γ might be a potential biomarker for the prognosis of patients with NPC. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE We believe that three aspects of this manuscript will make it interesting to general readers of Journal of Proteomics. Firstly, based on our previous report, we further validated that Cripto-1 can promote the proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this context, we used 2D-DIGE to identify new NPC related proteins. As a result, 14-3-3γ showed the potential to be a candidate. Secondly, we reported for the first time that the expression level of 14-3-3γ was significantly increased in human NPC patient tissues, and 14-3-3γ overexpression correlated statistically with N classification, distant metastasis, and clinical stage. Our results highlight the clinical significance of 14-3-3γ in NPC. Finally, we found that high 14-3-3γ expression is associated with poor survival in NPC patients. Thus, this study has identified that the 14-3-3γ involves in the carcinogenesis of NPC. Our findings may also provide new insights into understanding the molecular mechanism involved in NPC carcinogenesis and progression, and may lead to the development of new approaches for effective diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Wu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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30
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Radhakrishnan VM, Putnam CW, Martinez JD. Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and the consequent induction of transformation by overexpressed 14-3-3γ protein require specific amino acids within 14-3-3γ N-terminal variable region II. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43300-11. [PMID: 23115241 PMCID: PMC3527917 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.397877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the 14-3-3 superfamily regulate numerous cellular functions by binding phosphoproteins. The seven human isoforms (and the myriad of other eukaryotic 14-3-3 proteins) are highly conserved in amino acid sequence and secondary structure, yet there is abundant evidence that the various isoforms manifest disparate as well as common functions. Several of the human 14-3-3 isoforms are dysregulated in certain cancers and thus have been implicated in oncogenesis; experimentally, 14-3-3γ behaves as an oncogene, whereas 14-3-3σ acts as a tumor suppressor. In this study, we sought to localize these opposing phenotypes to specific regions of the two isoforms and then to individual amino acids therein. Using a bioinformatics approach, six variable regions (VRI-VRVI) were identified. Using this information, two sets of constructs were created in which N-terminal portions (including either VRI-IV or only VRI and VRII) of 14-3-3γ and 14-3-3σ were swapped; NIH3T3 cells overexpressing the four chimeric proteins were tested for transformation activity (focus formation, growth in soft agar) and activation of PI3K and MAPK signaling. We found that the specific phenotypes of 14-3-3γ are associated with the N-terminal 40 amino acids (VRI and VRII); in like fashion, VRI and VRII of 14-3-3σ dictated its tumor suppressor function. Using individual amino acid substitutions within the 14-3-3γ VRII, we identified two residues required for and two contributing to the γ-specific phenotypes. Our observations suggest that isoform-specific phenotypes are dictated by a relatively few amino acids within variable regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles W. Putnam
- From the Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Jesse D. Martinez
- From the Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
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31
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Song Y, Yang Z, Ke Z, Yao Y, Hu X, Sun Y, Li H, Yin J, Zeng C. Expression of 14-3-3γ in patients with breast cancer: Correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:533-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Di Paola D, Zannis-Hadjopoulos M. Comparative analysis of pre-replication complex proteins in transformed and normal cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1333-47. [PMID: 22134836 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the abundance of the major protein constituents of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC), both genome-wide and in association with specific replication origins, namely the lamin B2, c-myc, 20mer1, and 20mer2 origins. Several pre-RC protein components, namely ORC1-6, Cdc6, Cdt1, MCM4, MCM7, as well as additional replication proteins, such as Ku70/86, 14-3-3, Cdc45, and PCNA, were comparatively and quantitatively analyzed in both transformed and normal cells. The results show that these proteins are overexpressed and more abundantly bound to chromatin in the transformed compared to normal cells. Interestingly, the 20mer1, 20mer2, and c-myc origins exhibited a two- to threefold greater origin activity and a two- to threefold greater in vivo association of the pre-RC proteins with these origins in the transformed cells, whereas the origin associated with the housekeeping lamin B2 gene exhibited both similar levels of activity and in vivo association of these pre-RC proteins in both cell types. Overall, the results indicate that cellular transformation is associated with an overexpression and increased chromatin association of the pre-RC proteins. This study is significant, because it represents the most systematic comprehensive analysis done to date, using multiple replication proteins and different replication origins in both normal and transformed cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic Di Paola
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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33
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Maresca G, Natoli M, Nardella M, Arisi I, Trisciuoglio D, Desideri M, Brandi R, D’Aguanno S, Nicotra MR, D’Onofrio M, Urbani A, Natali PG, Bufalo DD, Felsani A, D’Agnano I. LMNA knock-down affects differentiation and progression of human neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45513. [PMID: 23049808 PMCID: PMC3458895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most aggressive tumors that occur in childhood. Although genes, such as MYCN, have been shown to be involved in the aggressiveness of the disease, the identification of new biological markers is still desirable. The induction of differentiation is one of the strategies used in the treatment of neuroblastoma. A-type lamins are components of the nuclear lamina and are involved in differentiation. We studied the role of Lamin A/C in the differentiation and progression of neuroblastoma. Methodology/Principal Findings Knock-down of Lamin A/C (LMNA-KD) in neuroblastoma cells blocked retinoic acid-induced differentiation, preventing neurites outgrowth and the expression of neural markers. The genome-wide gene-expression profile and the proteomic analysis of LMNA-KD cells confirmed the inhibition of differentiation and demonstrated an increase of aggressiveness-related genes and molecules resulting in augmented migration/invasion, and increasing the drug resistance of the cells. The more aggressive phenotype acquired by LMNA-KD cells was also maintained in vivo after injection into nude mice. A preliminary immunohistochemistry analysis of Lamin A/C expression in nine primary stages human NB indicated that this protein is poorly expressed in most of these cases. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrated for the first time in neuroblastoma cells that Lamin A/C plays a central role in the differentiation, and that the loss of this protein gave rise to a more aggressive tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Maresca
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Santa Lucia Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Natoli
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Santa Lucia Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Nardella
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Santa Lucia Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Arisi
- European Brain Research Institute, EBRI-Neurogenomics IIT Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Desideri
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Brandi
- European Brain Research Institute, EBRI-Neurogenomics IIT Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona D’Aguanno
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Laboratory of Proteomics, Santa Lucia Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mara D’Onofrio
- European Brain Research Institute, EBRI-Neurogenomics IIT Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Laboratory of Proteomics, Santa Lucia Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Felsani
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Santa Lucia Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (ID); (AF)
| | - Igea D’Agnano
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Santa Lucia Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (ID); (AF)
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Aghazadeh Y, Rone MB, Blonder J, Ye X, Veenstra TD, Hales DB, Culty M, Papadopoulos V. Hormone-induced 14-3-3γ adaptor protein regulates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein activity and steroid biosynthesis in MA-10 Leydig cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:15380-94. [PMID: 22427666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.339580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is the sole precursor of steroid hormones in the body. The import of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane, the rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis, relies on the formation of a protein complex that assembles at the outer mitochondrial membrane called the transduceosome. The transduceosome contains several mitochondrial and cytosolic components, including the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) induces de novo synthesis of STAR, a process shown to parallel maximal steroid production. In the hCG-dependent steroidogenic MA-10 mouse Leydig cell line, the 14-3-3γ protein was identified in native mitochondrial complexes by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting, and its levels increased in response to hCG treatment. The 14-3-3 proteins bind and regulate the activity of many proteins, acting via target protein activation, modification and localization. In MA-10 cells, cAMP induces 14-3-3γ expression parallel to STAR expression. Silencing of 14-3-3γ expression potentiates hormone-induced steroidogenesis. Binding motifs of 14-3-3γ were identified in components of the transduceosome, including STAR. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate a hormone-dependent interaction between 14-3-3γ and STAR that coincides with reduced 14-3-3γ homodimerization. The binding site of 14-3-3γ on STAR was identified to be Ser-194 in the STAR-related sterol binding lipid transfer (START) domain, the site phosphorylated in response to hCG. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 14-3-3γ negatively regulates steroidogenesis by binding to Ser-194 of STAR, thus keeping STAR in an unfolded state, unable to induce maximal steroidogenesis. Over time 14-3-3γ homodimerizes and dissociates from STAR, allowing this protein to induce maximal mitochondrial steroid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Aghazadeh
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
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Engholm-Keller K, Hansen TA, Palmisano G, Larsen MR. Multidimensional Strategy for Sensitive Phosphoproteomics Incorporating Protein Prefractionation Combined with SIMAC, HILIC, and TiO2 Chromatography Applied to Proximal EGF Signaling. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:5383-97. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200641x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Engholm-Keller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Aarup Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
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Deng J, Gao G, Wang L, Wang T, Yu J, Zhao Z. Stratifin expression is a novel prognostic factor in human gliomas. Pathol Res Pract 2011; 207:674-9. [PMID: 21940111 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stratifin (14-3-3σ or SFN) is a member of the 14-3-3 family of proteins which play critical roles in different cellular signaling processes. Stratifin as a potential tumor suppressor gene plays an important role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Stratifin in human gliomas and to analyze its expression profile with respect to tumor development. The expression pattern of Stratifin was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and/or Western blotting in tumor samples from 186 patients with different grades of gliomas. Prognostic significance was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox regression analyses. The expression pattern of Stratifin was correlated with the pathological and clinical characteristics of the patients with gliomas. Western blot analysis indicated that the average optical densitometry (OD) ratio of Stratifin in high-grade gliomas (World Health Organization [WHO] grade III/IV) was lower than in low-grade tumors (WHO grade I/II, p=0.026). In addition, statistical analysis showed that patients expressing a high level of Stratifin have favorable overall survival rates relative to those expressing a low level of this protein. Cox multi-factor analysis showed that Stratifin (p=0.02) was an independent prognosis factor for human gliomas. Our results provide convincing evidence that the expression of Stratifin is down-regulated in human gliomas. Its expression level is correlated with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in patients with gliomas. Pending validation targeting, Stratifin might also be a novel opportunity to improve the therapy of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Functional Neurosurgery P.L.A, TangDu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, #1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an 710038, PR China
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Radhakrishnan VM, Putnam CW, Qi W, Martinez JD. P53 suppresses expression of the 14-3-3 gamma oncogene. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:378. [PMID: 21867493 PMCID: PMC3189929 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved proteins that are involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Recent evidence indicates that some of these proteins have oncogenic activity and that they may promote tumorigenesis. We previously showed that one of the 14-3-3 family members, 14-3-3gamma, is over expressed in human lung cancers and that it can induce transformation of rodent cells in vitro. Methods qRTPCR and Western blot analysis were performed to examine 14-3-3gamma expression in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Gene copy number was analyzed by qPCR. P53 mutations were detected by direct sequencing and also by western blot. CHIP and yeast one hybrid assays were used to detect p53 binding to 14-3-3gamma promoter. Results Quantitative rtPCR results showed that the expression level of 14-3-3gamma was elevated in the majority of NSCLC that we examined which was also consistent with protein expression. Further analysis of the expression pattern of 14-3-3gamma in lung tumors showed a correlation with p53 mutations suggesting that p53 might suppress 14-3-3 gamma expression. Analysis of the gamma promoter sequence revealed the presence of a p53 consensus binding motif and in vitro assays demonstrated that wild-type p53 bound to this motif when activated by ionizing radiation. Deletion of the p53 binding motif eliminated p53's ability to suppress 14-3-3gamma expression. Conclusion Increased expression of 14-3-3gamma in lung cancer coincides with loss of functional p53. Hence, we propose that 14-3-3gamma's oncogenic activities cooperate with loss of p53 to promote lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayababu M Radhakrishnan
- Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
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Radhakrishnan VM, Jensen TJ, Cui H, Futscher BW, Martinez JD. Hypomethylation of the 14-3-3σ promoter leads to increased expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 50:830-6. [PMID: 21755566 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are a set of seven highly conserved proteins that have recently been implicated in having a role in human tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which 14-3-3 proteins may act in this capacity is not well understood. In this study, we examined the expression of one of the 14-3-3 family members, 14-3-3σ, since it was shown previously to be aberrantly altered in human tumors. Using quantitative rtPCR and immunohistochemistry, we found that the expression levels of 14-3-3σ were elevated in the majority of human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) we examined. Surprisingly, we found that the 14-3-3σ gene was hypomethylated in lung tumors relative to normal lung tissue suggesting that decreased DNA methylation resulted in increased expression of 14-3-3σ in NSCLC. We also determined the gene copy number for 14-3-3σ in tumor samples and found no significant correlation with elevated mRNA expression. And also no mutations were found in 14-3-3σ gene. Overall, our data suggest that misregulated expression of 14-3-3σ gene may be due to altered methylation status. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Jutras S, Bachvarova M, Keita M, Bascands JL, Mes-Masson AM, Stewart JM, Gera L, Bachvarov D. Strong cytotoxic effect of the bradykinin antagonist BKM-570 in ovarian cancer cells--analysis of the molecular mechanisms of its antiproliferative action. FEBS J 2010; 277:5146-60. [PMID: 21078129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The standard chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients is currently a combination of taxane and platinum. However, most EOC patients still suffer relapses, and there is an immediate need for the development of novel and more effective therapeutic modalities against this deadly disease. Recently, the nonpeptide bradykinin (BK) antagonist 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorocinnamoyl-(o-2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-l-tyrosine-N-(4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidyl) amide (BKM-570) was shown to cause impressive growth inhibition of lung and prostate tumors, displaying superior in vivo inhibitory effects than convential chemotherapeutic drugs. Here, we investigated BKM-570 cytotoxic effects in two EOC cell lines, derived from different EOC histopathologies: a clear cell carcinoma (TOV-21), and an endometrioid carcinoma (TOV-112). We showed that BKM-570 effectively inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer cells, as its cytotoxic effects were comparable to those of cisplatin, and were independent of the functional status of BK receptors. Moreover, BKM-570 synergized with cisplatin in inhibiting EOC cell growth. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of the antiproliferative action of this BK antagonist in EOC cells, we performed gene expression profiling in TOV-21 and TOV-112 cells following treatment with 10 μM BKM-570 for 24 h. BKM-570 displayed similar cytotoxic effects in the two cell lines analyzed, as genes with previously shown involvement in apoptosis/antiapoptosis and cell adhesion were proportionally upregulated and downregulated in both cell lines, whereas genes involved in basic cellular mechanisms, including cell growth and maintenance, metabolism, cell cycle control, inflammatory and immune response, signal transduction, protein biosynthesis, transcription regulation, and transport, were predominantly downregulated upon treatment. Our data are indicative of the therapeutic potential of BKM-570 and related compounds in EOC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Jutras
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Goc A, Abdalla M, Al-Azayzih A, Somanath PR. Tuning cell cycle regulation with an iron key. PLoS One 2007; 7:e40594. [PMID: 22808202 PMCID: PMC3396618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are ubiquitously expressed dimeric adaptor proteins that have emerged as key mediators of many cell signaling pathways in multiple cell types. Its effects are mainly mediated by binding to selective phosphoserine/threonine proteins. The importance of 14-3-3 proteins in cancer have only started to become apparent and its exact role in cancer progression as well as the mechanisms by which 14-3-3 proteins mediate cancer cell function remain unknown. While protein 14-3-3σ is widely accepted as a tumor suppressor, 14-3-3ζ, β and γ isoforms have been shown to have tumor promoting effects. Despite the importance of 14-3-3 family in mediating various cell processes, the exact role and mechanism of 14-3-3ζ remain unexplored. In the current study, we investigated the role of protein 14-3-3ζ in prostate cancer cell motility and transendothelial migration using biochemical, molecular biology and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing approaches as well as cell based functional assays. Our study indicated that expression with wild-type protein 14-3-3ζ significantly enhanced Rac activity in PC3 cells. In contrast, expression of dimer-resistant mutant of protein 14-3-3ζ (DM-14-3-3) inhibited Rac activity and associated phosphorylation of p21 activated kinase-1 and 2. Expression with wild-type 14-3-3ζ or constitutively active Rac1 enhanced extracellular matrix recognition, lamellipodia formation, cell migration and trans-endothelial migration by PC3 cells. In contrast, expression with DM 14-3-3ζ or DN-Rac1 in PC3 cells significantly inhibited these cell functions. Our results demonstrate for the first time that 14-3-3ζ enhances prostate cancer cell-matrix interactions, motility and transendothelial migration in vitro via activation of Rac1-GTPase and is an important target for therapeutic interventions for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maha Abdalla
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ahmad Al-Azayzih
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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