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Torii EH, Wünschmann A, Torchetti MK, Koster L, van Geelen A, Atchison R, Rivas A. Outbreak of epizootic hemorrhagic disease in captive reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus). Vet Pathol 2024; 61:298-302. [PMID: 37650249 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231196797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In September 2020, an outbreak of epizootic hemorrhagic disease occurred in captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and was associated with neurological signs and mortality. Four reindeer died or were euthanized after acute illness over a 12-day period. Affected reindeer displayed abnormal behavior, neurologic signs, lethargy, and/or lameness. The most consistent gross finding was dark red streaks throughout the adrenal gland cortices (4/4). One animal had acute hemorrhage involving the subcutis and skeletal muscles over the ventrolateral body wall and back, and abomasal serosa. Histologically, the most common lesions were adrenal gland cortical hemorrhage (4/4) with necrosis (3/4) and lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis with gliosis, glial nodules, satellitosis, and nonsuppurative perivascular cuffing (4/4). The brain lesions were most frequent in the gray matter of the cerebrum, hippocampus, and thalamus but also involved the cerebellum and brainstem. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 was detected through PCR and sequencing of the spleen in all cases.
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Golender N, Hoffmann B. The Molecular Epidemiology of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses Identified in Israel between 2015 and 2023. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 5:90-105. [PMID: 38390919 PMCID: PMC10885110 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an infectious, non-contagious viral disease seriously affecting cattle and some wild ruminants and has a worldwide distribution. All viruses can be subdivided into "Eastern" and "Western" topotypes according to geographic distribution via the phylogenetic analysis of internal genes. In Israel, during the last decade, three outbreaks were registered: caused by EHDV-6 in 2015, by EHDV-1 in 2016, and by EHDV-7 in 2020. Additionally, RNA of EHDV-8 was found in imported calves from Portugal in 2023. During the same period in other countries of the region, non-Israeli-like EHDV-6 and EHDV-8 were identified. Full genome sequencing, BLAST, and phylogenetic analyses of the locally and globally known EHDV genomes allowed us to presume the probable route and origin of these viruses detected in Israel. Thus, EHDV-6 has probably been circulating in the region for a long period when EHDV-1 and -8 appeared here for the last years, while their route of introduction into the new areas was probably natural; all of them belonged to the "Western" topotype. In contrast, EHDV-7 probably had the "Eastern", anthropogenic origin. Data from the study can facilitate the evaluation of the appearance or reappearance of EHDVs in the Mediterranean area and enhance the planning of prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Golender
- Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 5025001, Israel
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Li Z, Li Z, Yang Z, Li L, Gao L, Xie J, Liao D, Gao X, Hu Z, Niu B, Yao P, Zeng W, Li H, Yang H. Isolation and characterization of two novel serotypes of Tibet orbivirus from Culicoides and sentinel cattle in Yunnan Province of China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3371-3387. [PMID: 36047657 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV), a new candidate of Orbivirus genus, was initially isolated from mosquitoes in Tibet in 2009 and subsequently from both Culicoides and mosquitoes in several provinces of China and Japan. Little is known about the origin, genetic diversity, dissemination and pathogenicity of TIBOV, although its potential threat to animal health has been acknowledged. In this study, two viruses, V290/YNSZ and V298/YNJH, were isolated from the Culicoides and sentinel cattle in Yunnan Province. Their genome sequences, cell tropism in mammalian and insect cell lines along with pathogenicity in suckling mice were determined. Genome phylogenetic analyses confirmed their classification as TIBOV species; however, OC1 proteins of the V290/YNSZ and V298/YNJH shared maximum sequence identities of 31.5% and 33.9% with other recognized TIBOV serotypes (TIBOV-1 to TIBOV-4) and formed two monophyletic branches in phylogenetic tree, indicating they represented two novel TIBOV serotypes which were tentatively designated as TIBOV-5 and TIBOV-6. The viruses replicated robustly in BHK, Vero and C6/36 cells and triggered overt clinical symptoms in suckling mice after intracerebral inoculation, causing mortality of 100% and 25%. Cross-sectional epidemiology analysis revealed silent circulation of TIBOV in Yunnan Province with overall prevalence of 16.4% (18/110) in cattle, 10.8% (13/120) in goats and 5.5% (6/110) in swine. The prevalence patterns of four investigated TIBOV serotypes (TIBOV-1, -2, -5 and 6) differed from each one another, with their positive rates ranging from 8.2% (9/110) for TIBOV-2 in cattle to 0.9% (1/110) for TIBOV-1 and TIBOV-5 in cattle and swine. Our findings provided new insights for diversity, pathogenicity and epidemiology of TIBOV and formed a basis for future studies addressing the geographical distribution and the zoonotic potential of TIBOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhong Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Le Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jiarui Xie
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Defang Liao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Jinghong County, Jinghong, China
| | - Zhongyan Hu
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Jinghong County, Jinghong, China
| | - Baosheng Niu
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Shizong County, Qujing, China
| | - Pingfen Yao
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Shizong County, Qujing, China
| | - Weikun Zeng
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Huachun Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China.,College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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Duan Y, Yang Z, Zhu P, Xiao L, Li Z, Li Z, Li L, Zhu J. A serologic investigation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in China between 2014 and 2019. Virol Sin 2022; 37:513-520. [PMID: 35718300 PMCID: PMC9437609 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a member of the genus Orbivirus, family Sedoreoviridae. It was firstly recognized in 1955 to cause a highly fatal disease of wild white-tailed deer in America. So far, EHDV was detected and isolated in many wild or domestic ruminants, and widely distributed all over the world. Although the domestic cattle and sheep infected by EHDV were usually asymptomatic or subclinical, several outbreaks of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) in deer and cattle had been reported. Many EHDV strains were isolated and sequenced in last two decades in China, which promoted a general serologic investigation of EHDV in China. In this study, 18,122 sera were collected from asymptomatic or subclinical domestic ruminants (cattle, cow, yaks, sheep, goats, and deer) in 116 regions belonging to 15 provinces in China. All the sera were tested by EHDV C-ELISA, and the results were obtained by big data analysis. EHDV infections were detected in the 14 of 15 provinces, and only Tibet (average altitude ≥ 4000 m) which was the highest province in China was free of EHDV. The numbers of seropositive collections in both bovine and goat/sheep were in an inverse proportion to the latitude. However, the seropositive rates in bovine were ranged from 0% to 100%, while the seropositive rates in goat/sheep were no more than 50%. The results suggested that bovine was obviously more susceptive for EHDV infection than goat and sheep, therefore might be a major reservoir of EHDV in China. The prevalence of EHDV was consistent with the distribution of Culicoides which were known as the sole insect vectors of EHDV. In particular, the seropositive rates of EHDV were very high in the southern provinces, which required the enhanced surveillance in the future. This is a big data analysis. This is the first English report for EHDV prevalence in multiple provinces in China. The samples included in this study cover 15 provinces and 6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingliang Duan
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Zhanhong Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Le Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650000, China.
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Development of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on Purified Recombinant Viral Protein 7 for Serological Diagnosis of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease in Camels. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:5210771. [PMID: 35356489 PMCID: PMC8959998 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5210771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a member of the Orbivirus genus in the Reoviridae family, and it is the etiological agent of an arthropod-transmitted disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants. Due to its significant economic impact, many attempts have been done in order to develop diagnostic immunoassays mainly based on the use of the viral protein 7 (VP7), that is, the immunodominant serogroup-specific antigen. In this work, a recombinant VP7 (recVP7) of EHDV serotype 2 was produced in a baculovirus system, and after purification using ion metal affinity chromatography, we obtained a high yield of recombinant protein characterized by a high degree of purity. We used the purified recVP7 as reagent to develop a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (c-ELISA), and we tested the presence of EHDV antibodies in 185 dromedary camel serum samples. The c-ELISA showed good performance parameters in recognising positive sera of naturally EHDV-infected dromedary camels; in particular, our developed test reached 85.7% of sensitivity, 98.1% of specificity, 93% of accuracy, and a high agreement value with results obtained by the commercial ELISA kit (Cohen's kappa value of 0.85) that we adopted as the reference method. This c-ELISA could be a useful screening test to monitor the virus spread in camels that are sentinel animals for endemic areas of disease.
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Development of a Novel Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay (LAMP) for the Rapid Detection of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112187. [PMID: 34834993 PMCID: PMC8621080 DOI: 10.3390/v13112187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epizootic haemorragic disease (EHD) is an important disease of white-tailed deer and can cause a bluetongue-like illness in cattle. A definitive diagnosis of EHD relies on molecular assays such as real-time RT-qPCR or conventional PCR. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is a cost-effective, specific, and sensitive technique that provides an alternative to RT-qPCR. We designed two sets of specific primers targeting segment-9 of the EHD virus genome to enable the detection of western and eastern topotypes, and evaluated their performance in singleplex and multiplex formats using cell culture isolates (n = 43), field specimens (n = 20), and a proficiency panel (n = 10). The limit of detection of the eastern and western RT-LAMP assays was estimated as ~24.36 CT and as ~29.37 CT in relation to real-time RT-qPCR, respectively, indicating a greater sensitivity of the western topotype singleplex RT-LAMP. The sensitivity of the western topotype RT-LAMP assay, relative to the RT-qPCR assay, was 72.2%, indicating that it could be theoretically used to detect viraemic cervines and bovines. For the first time, an RT-LAMP assay was developed for the rapid detection of the EHD virus that could be used as either a field test or high throughput screening tool in established laboratories to control the spread of EHD.
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Murota K, Ishii K, Mekaru Y, Araki M, Suda Y, Shirafuji H, Kobayashi D, Isawa H, Yanase T. Isolation of Culicoides- and Mosquito-Borne Orbiviruses in the Southwestern Islands of Japan Between 2014 and 2019. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:796-808. [PMID: 34463150 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulation of arboviruses in livestock ruminants has often gone unrecognized owing to the fact that a significant percentage of arboviruses probably induce subclinical infections and/or negligible symptoms in infected animals. To determine the current situation of arbovirus circulation in the Yaeyama Islands, attempts to isolate viruses from bovine blood samples collected between 2014 and 2019 have been made. In total, 308 blood samples were collected during the study period, and 43 of them induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in cell cultures. The identification of the CPE agents was performed by reported RT-PCR assays and a high-throughput analysis with a next-generation sequencing platform. The obtained viruses consisted of an orthobunyavirus (Peaton virus), Culicoides-borne orbiviruses (bluetongue virus serotypes 12 and 16, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus [EHDV] serotypes 5, 6, and 7, D'Aguilar virus, and Bunyip Creek virus), and potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses (Yunnan orbivirus, Guangxi orbivirus, and Yonaguni orbivirus). Most of the orbiviruses were recovered from washed blood cells with mosquito cell cultures, suggesting that this combination was more efficient than other combinations such as plasma/blood cells and hamster cell lines. This marked the first time that the isolation of EHDV serotypes 5 and 6 and three potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses was recorded in Japan, showing a greater variety of orbiviruses on the islands than previously known. Genetic analysis of the isolated orbiviruses suggested that the Yaeyama Islands and its neighboring regions were epidemiologically related. Some of the viruses, especially the potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses, were isolated during several consecutive years, indicating their establishment on the islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Murota
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Uruma, Japan
| | - Yuji Mekaru
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Uruma, Japan
| | - Miho Araki
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Ishigaki, Japan
| | - Yuto Suda
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
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Mahmoud A, Danzetta ML, di Sabatino D, Spedicato M, Alkhatal Z, Dayhum A, Tolari F, Forzan M, Mazzei M, Savini G. First seroprevalence investigation of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in Libya. Open Vet J 2021; 11:301-308. [PMID: 34307088 PMCID: PMC8288730 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a vector-borne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is transmitted by Culicoides spp. EHDV is a member of the Orbivirus genus within the Reoviridae family. It shares many morphological and structural characteristics with other members of the genus, such as the bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus, and equine encephalosis virus. Aims The purpose of our study was to investigate the epidemiological situation of EHDV in Libya in order to gain some knowledge about the presence of this virus in the country. Methods In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of EHDV in Libya, testing 855 blood samples collected during 2015. The samples were collected from domestic ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats) originating from 11 provinces of Libya. Sera were tested by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and positive samples confirmed by serum neutralization test. Results The overall seroprevalence of EHDV was estimated to be 4% (95% confidence intervals = 2.8%-5.4%). Small ruminant seroprevalence was significantly (p = 0.016) higher than that found in cattle. Neutralizing antibodies against EHDV-6 were detected in a sheep from the western region of Libya. Conclusion This study suggests that EHDV has circulated or is circulating in Libya, and sheep could play an important role in the epidemiology of EHDV, and the virus may still be circulating in North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdusalam Mahmoud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Maria Luisa Danzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Daria di Sabatino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo Spedicato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Abdunaser Dayhum
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | - Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
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Yang H, Li Z, Wang J, Li Z, Yang Z, Liao D, Zhu J, Li H. Novel Serotype of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:3081-3083. [PMID: 33219797 PMCID: PMC7706924 DOI: 10.3201/eid2612.191301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2018, a strain of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), named YNDH/V079/2018, was isolated from a sentinel calf in Mangshi County, Yunnan Province, China. Nucleotide sequencing and neutralization tests indicated that the virus belongs to a novel serotype of EHDV that had not been reported previously.
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Kamomae Y, Kamomae M, Ohta Y, Nabe M, Kagawa Y, Ogura Y, Kato T, Tanaka S, Yanase T, Shirafuji H. Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 6 Infection in Cattle, Japan, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:902-905. [PMID: 29664367 PMCID: PMC5938786 DOI: 10.3201/eid2405.171859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During October–December 2015, an epizootic hemorrhagic disease outbreak occurred in cattle in Japan. Forty-six animals displayed fever, anorexia, cessation of rumination, salivation, and dysphagia. Virologic, serologic, and pathologic investigations revealed the causative agent was epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6. Further virus characterization is needed to determine virus pathogenicity.
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Russell BL, Parbhoo N, Gildenhuys S. Analysis of Conserved, Computationally Predicted Epitope Regions for VP5 and VP7 Across three Orbiviruses. Bioinform Biol Insights 2018; 12:1177932218755348. [PMID: 29434468 PMCID: PMC5802602 DOI: 10.1177/1177932218755348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Orbiviruses are double-stranded RNA viruses that have profound economic and veterinary significance, 3 of the most important being African horse sickness virus (AHSV), bluetongue virus (BTV), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). Currently, vaccination and vector control are used as preventative measures; however, there are several problems with the current vaccines. Comparing viral amino acid sequences, we obtained an AHSV-BTV-EHDV consensus sequence for VP5 (viral protein 5) and for VP7 (viral protein 7) and generated homology models for these proteins. The structures and sequences were analyzed for amino acid sequence conservation, entropy, surface accessibility, and epitope propensity, to computationally determine whether consensus sequences still possess potential epitope regions. In total, 5 potential linear epitope regions on VP5 and 11 on VP7, as well as potential discontinuous B-cell epitopes, were identified and mapped onto the homology models created. Regions identified for VP5 and VP7 could be important in vaccine design against orbiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Russell
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Nishal Parbhoo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Samantha Gildenhuys
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
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Forzan M, Pizzurro F, Zaccaria G, Mazzei M, Spedicato M, Carmine I, Salini R, Tolari F, Cerri D, Savini G, Lorusso A. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using baculovirus-expressed VP7 for detection of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) antibodies. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:212-216. [PMID: 28757386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a vector-borne infectious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. EHD could spread from infected northern African countries in free territories like the EU; therefore, the availability of diagnostic assays would represent key components for adequate surveillance and control programs. In this study, the gene encoding the VP7 protein of EHD virus (EHDV) was expressed into a baculovirus-infected insect cell system. With this unpurified protein we developed a home-made competitive ELISA (cELISA) and a total number of 275 serum samples, originating from domestic and wild ruminants, were tested. 74/275 were previously shown to be positive for EHDV antibodies by a commercially available ELISA kit. A "very good" agreement was demonstrated when compared to a commercial ELISA kit (Cohen's kappa value=0.832). Samples which caused disagreement between the two assays originated from wildlife which highlights the need for further validation by using serum samples from wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Forzan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa-Italy
| | - Federica Pizzurro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa-Italy; OIE Reference Laboratory for Bluetongue, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo-Italy
| | - Guendalina Zaccaria
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Bluetongue, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo-Italy
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa-Italy
| | - Massimo Spedicato
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Bluetongue, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo-Italy
| | - Irene Carmine
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Bluetongue, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo-Italy
| | - Romolo Salini
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Bluetongue, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo-Italy
| | | | - Domenico Cerri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa-Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Bluetongue, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo-Italy
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Bluetongue, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo-Italy.
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VIRUS ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF BLUETONGUE AND EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUSES FROM NATURALLY INFECTED WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS). J Wildl Dis 2017; 53:843-849. [PMID: 28742422 DOI: 10.7589/2017-02-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic disease in North America is caused by multiple serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV). Diagnostic tests for detection of EHDV and BTV include virus isolation (VI), reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, and real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). Our objective was to compare the diagnostic capabilities of three rRT-PCR protocols for detection of EHDV and BTV from naturally infected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We compared the effectiveness of these assays to traditional viral detection methods (e.g., VI) for historic and current clinical cases. Because of the variable nature of tissue collection and storage before diagnostic testing, an evaluation of viral persistence on multiple freeze-thaw events was also conducted. Two of the rRT-PCR assays provided for reliable detection of EHDV and BTV from 100% of clinically affected and VI-confirmed infected animals. Additionally, no significant change in viral titer was observed on multiple freeze-thaw events.
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Kato T, Yanase T, Suzuki M, Katagiri Y, Ikemiyagi K, Takayoshi K, Shirafuji H, Ohashi S, Yoshida K, Yamakawa M, Tsuda T. Monitoring for bovine arboviruses in the most southwestern islands in Japan between 1994 and 2014. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:125. [PMID: 27342576 PMCID: PMC4921034 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Japan, epizootic arboviral infections have severely impacted the livestock industry for a long period. Akabane, Aino, Chuzan, bovine ephemeral fever and Ibaraki viruses have repeatedly caused epizootic abnormal births and febrile illness in the cattle population. In addition, Peaton, Sathuperi, Shamonda and D’Aguilar viruses and epizootic hemorrhagic virus serotype 7 have recently emerged in Japan and are also considered to be involved in abnormal births in cattle. The above-mentioned viruses are hypothesized to circulate in tropical and subtropical Asia year round and to be introduced to temperate East Asia by long-distance aerial dispersal of infected vectors. To watch for arbovirus incursion and assess the possibility of its early warning, monitoring for arboviruses was conducted in the Yaeyama Islands, located at the most southwestern area of Japan, between 1994 and 2014. Results Blood sampling was conducted once a year, in the autumn, in 40 to 60 healthy cattle from the Yaeyama Islands. Blood samples were tested for arboviruses. A total of 33 arboviruses including Akabane, Peaton, Chuzan, D’ Aguilar, Bunyip Creek, Batai and epizootic hemorrhagic viruses were isolated from bovine blood samples. Serological surveillance for the bovine arboviruses associated with cattle diseases in young cattle (ages 6–12 months: had only been alive for one summer) clearly showed their frequent incursion into the Yaeyama Islands. In some cases, the arbovirus incursions could be detected in the Yaeyama Islands prior to their spread to mainland Japan. Conclusions We showed that long-term surveillance in the Yaeyama Islands could estimate the activity of bovine arboviruses in neighboring regions and may provide a useful early warning for likely arbovirus infections in Japan. The findings in this study could contribute to the planning of prevention and control for bovine arbovirus infections in Japan and cooperative efforts among neighboring countries in East Asia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0747-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan.
| | - Moemi Suzuki
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, 1-24-29 Kohagura, Naha, Okinawa, 900-0024, Japan
| | - Yoshito Katagiri
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, 1-24-29 Kohagura, Naha, Okinawa, 900-0024, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Ikemiyagi
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-2 Miyara, Ishigaki, Okinawa, 907-0022, Japan
| | - Katsunori Takayoshi
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, 1-24-29 Kohagura, Naha, Okinawa, 900-0024, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Seiichi Ohashi
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yoshida
- Exotic Disease Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0222, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamakawa
- Exotic Disease Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0222, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsuda
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
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Forzan M, Maan S, Mazzei M, Belaganahalli MN, Bonuccelli L, Calamari M, Carrozza ML, Cappello V, Di Luca M, Bandecchi P, Mertens PPC, Tolari F. Generation of virus like particles for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. Res Vet Sci 2016; 107:116-122. [PMID: 27473984 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a distinct species within the genus Orbivirus, within the family Reoviridae. The epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus genome comprises ten segments of linear, double stranded (ds) RNA, which are packaged within each virus particle. The EHDV virion has a three layered capsid-structure, generated by four major viral proteins: VP2 and VP5 (outer capsid layer); VP7 (intermediate, core-surface layer) and VP3 (innermost, sub-core layer). Although EHDV infects cattle sporadically, several outbreaks have recently occurred in this species in five Mediterranean countries, indicating a potential threat to the European cattle industry. EHDV is transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides, which can travel long distances through wind-born movements (particularly over water), increasing the potential for viral spread in new areas/countries. Expression systems to generate self-assembled virus like particles (VLPs) by simultaneous expression of the major capsid-proteins, have been established for several viruses (including bluetongue virus). This study has developed expression systems for production of EHDV VLPs, for use as non-infectious antigens in both vaccinology and serology studies, avoiding the risk of genetic reassortment between vaccine and field strains and facilitating large scale antigen production. Genes encoding the four major-capsid proteins of a field strain of EHDV-6, were isolated and cloned into transfer vectors, to generate two recombinant baculoviruses. The expression of these viral genes was assessed in insect cells by monitoring the presence of specific viral mRNAs and by western blotting. Electron microscopy studies confirmed the formation and purification of assembled VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Forzan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Valentina Cappello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, NEST, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Maan NS, Maan S, Potgieter AC, Wright IM, Belaganahalli M, Mertens PPC. Development of Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for Detection and Typing of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1120-1132. [PMID: 26888716 PMCID: PMC5516135 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is an emerging arboviral pathogen of wild and domestic ruminants worldwide. It is closely related to bluetongue virus (BTV) and is transmitted by adult females of competent Culicoides vector species. The EHDV genome consists of ten linear double‐stranded (ds)RNA segments, encoding five non‐structural and seven structural proteins. Genome‐segment reassortment contributes to a high level of genetic variation in individual virus strains, particularly in the areas where multiple and distinct virus lineages co‐circulate. In spite of the relatively close relationship between BTV and EHDV herd‐immunity to BTV does not appear to protect against the introduction and infection of animals by EHDV. Although EHDV can cause up to 80% morbidity in affected animals, vaccination with the homologous EHDV serotype is protective. Outer‐capsid protein VP2, encoded by Seg‐2, is the most variable of the EHDV proteins and determines both the specificity of reactions with neutralizing antibodies and consequently the identity of the eight EHDV serotypes. In contrast, VP6 (the viral helicase), encoded by Seg‐9, is highly conserved, representing a virus species/serogroup‐specific antigen. We report the development and evaluation of quantitative (q)RT‐PCR assays targeting EHDV Seg‐9 that can detect all EHDV strains (regardless of geographic origin/topotype/serotype), as well as type‐specific assays targeting Seg‐2 of the eight EHDV serotypes. The assays were evaluated using orbivirus isolates from the ‘Orbivirus reference collection’ (ORC) at The Pirbright Institute and were shown to be EHDV pan‐reactive or type‐specific. They can be used for rapid, sensitive and reliable detection and identification (typing) of EHDV RNA from infected blood, tissue samples, homogenized Culicoides, or tissue culture supernatant. None of the assays detected RNA from closely related but heterologous orbiviruses, or from uninfected host animals or cell cultures. The techniques presented could be used for both surveillance and vaccine matching (serotype identification) as part of control strategies for incursions in wild and domestic animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Maan
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - S Maan
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - A C Potgieter
- Deltamune Pty Ltd, Lyttelton, Centurion, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - I M Wright
- Deltamune Pty Ltd, Lyttelton, Centurion, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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17
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Ruder MG, Stallknecht DE, Allison AB, Mead DG, Carter DL, Howerth EW. Host and Potential Vector Susceptibility to an Emerging Orbivirus in the United States. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:574-84. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815610387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (EHDVs) are orbiviruses transmitted by Culicoides biting midges to domestic and wild ruminants. EHDV-1 and EHDV-2 are endemic in the United States, where epizootic hemorrhagic disease is the most significant viral disease of white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) and reports of epizootic hemorrhagic disease in cattle are increasing. In 2006, a reassortant EHDV-6 was isolated from dead WTD in Indiana and has been detected each subsequent year over a wide geographic region. Since EHDV-6 is not a historically endemic serotype in the United States, it is important to understand infection outcome in potential hosts. Specifically, we aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of the virus in 2 primary US ruminant hosts (WTD and cattle) and the susceptibility of a confirmed US vector ( Culicoides sonorensis). Five WTD and 4 cattle were inoculated with >106 TCID50 EHDV-6 by intradermal and subcutaneous injection. All 5 WTD exhibited moderate to severe disease, and 3 died. Viremia was first detected 3 to 5 days postinfection (dpi) with surviving animals seroconverting by 10 dpi. Two of 4 inoculated cattle had detectable viremia, 5 to 10 dpi and 7 to 24 dpi, respectively. No clinical, hematologic, or pathologic abnormalities were observed. Antibodies were detected by 10 dpi in 3 of 4 cows. C. sonorensis were fed on WTD blood spiked with EHDV-6 and held for 4 to 14 days postfeeding at 25°C. From 4 to 14 days postfeeding, 19 of 171 midges were virus isolation positive and 6 of 171 had ≥102.7 TCID50 EHDV-6. Although outcomes varied, these studies demonstrate the susceptibility of ruminant and vector hosts in the United States for this recently emerged EHDV serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D. E. Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - A. B. Allison
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D. G. Mead
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D. L. Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - E. W. Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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18
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Viarouge C, Breard E, Zientara S, Vitour D, Sailleau C. Duplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for the Detection and Typing of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132540. [PMID: 26161784 PMCID: PMC4498883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) may cause severe clinical episodes in some species of deer and sometimes in cattle. Laboratory diagnosis provides a basis for the design and timely implementation of disease control measures. There are seven distinct EHDV serotypes, VP2 coding segment 2 being the target for serotype specificity. This paper reports the development and validation of eight duplex real-time RT-PCR assays to simultaneously amplify the EHDV target (S9 for the pan-EHDV real-time RT-PCR assay and S2 for the serotyping assays) and endogenous control gene Beta-actin. Analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, inter- and intra-assay variation and efficiency were evaluated for each assay. All were shown to be highly specific and sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Viarouge
- ANSES/INRA/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virologie, 23 avenue du général de Gaulle-94700 Maisons Alfort-France
| | - Emmanuel Breard
- ANSES/INRA/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virologie, 23 avenue du général de Gaulle-94700 Maisons Alfort-France
| | - Stephan Zientara
- ANSES/INRA/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virologie, 23 avenue du général de Gaulle-94700 Maisons Alfort-France
| | - Damien Vitour
- ANSES/INRA/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virologie, 23 avenue du général de Gaulle-94700 Maisons Alfort-France
| | - Corinne Sailleau
- ANSES/INRA/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virologie, 23 avenue du général de Gaulle-94700 Maisons Alfort-France
- * E-mail:
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19
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Hirashima Y, Kato T, Yamakawa M, Shirafuji H, Okano R, Yanase T. Reemergence of Ibaraki disease in southern Japan in 2013. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1253-9. [PMID: 26018356 PMCID: PMC4638292 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In Japan in 2013, two cattle in the northwestern part of Kagoshima Prefecture developed
fever and swallowing difficulty and were suspected of having Ibaraki disease. The
epizootic hemorrhagic virus (EHDV) genome was detected from diseased and asymptomatic
cattle by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). High neutralization
antibody titers to Ibaraki virus (IBAV) ranging from 1:128 to 1:1,024 were observed in the
RT-PCR-positive cattle, and the virus was isolated in one of the IBAV-positive farms. A
pairwise alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on the major outer coat protein VP2
encoded in segment 2 revealed a close relationship between the isolated viruses and
previous IBAV isolates. The phylogeny of VP2 also suggested that an IBAV variant isolated
in 1997 was distinct from IBAV and sorted into a heterogeneous serotype, EHDV serotype 7.
The findings revealed the reemergence of Ibaraki disease in Japan after a 26-year absence.
Interestingly, the co-circulation of EHDV serotype 1 with IBAV was observed in the
affected region, suggesting the potential reassortment between two heterogeneous serotypes
in the field. Sentinel surveillance in Kagoshima Prefecture indicated that the incursion
of IBAV occurred in October 2013 and that its spread was limited within the small area.
Inadequate environmental temperatures for vector transmission in late autumn might have
limited the virus spread to a wider region. The reemergence of Ibaraki disease showed us
the importance of continuous vaccination to prevent economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Hirashima
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Kagoshima 899-2201, Japan
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20
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Wilson WC, Ruder MG, Klement E, Jasperson DC, Yadin H, Stallknecht DE, Mead DG, Howerth E. Genetic characterization of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus strains isolated from cattle in Israel. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1400-1410. [PMID: 25701817 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), a member of the genus Orbivirus not reported previously in Israel, was isolated from Israeli cattle during a 'bluetongue-like' disease outbreak in 2006. To ascertain the origin of this new virus, three isolates from the outbreak were fully sequenced and compared with available sequences. Whilst the L2 gene segment clustered with the Australian EHDV serotype 7 (EHDV-7) reference strain, most of the other segments were clustered with EHDV isolates of African/Middle East origin, specifically Bahrain, Nigeria and South Africa. The M6 gene had genetic relatedness to the Australian/Asian strains, but with the limited data available the significance of this relationship is unclear. Only one EHDV-7 L2 sequence was available, and as this gene encodes the serotype-specific epitope, the relationship of these EHDV-7 L2 genes to an Australian EHDV-7 reflects the serotype association, not necessarily the origin. The genetic data indicated that the strains affecting Israel in 2006 may have been related to similar outbreaks that occurred in North Africa in the same year. This finding also supports the hypothesis that EHDV entered Israel during 2006 and was not present there before this outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Wilson
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dane C Jasperson
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Hagai Yadin
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Virology Division, Israel
| | - David E Stallknecht
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel G Mead
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Kato T, Shirafuji H, Tanaka S, Sato M, Yamakawa M, Tsuda T, Yanase T. Bovine Arboviruses in Culicoides Biting Midges and Sentinel Cattle in Southern Japan from 2003 to 2013. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:e160-e172. [PMID: 25597441 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epizootic congenital abnormalities, encephalomyelitis and febrile illnesses in cattle caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are prevalent in Japan. Causative viruses including orthobunyaviruses, orbiviruses and rhabdovirus are thought to be transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Recently, the incursions of several arboviruses, potentially Culicoides-borne, were newly confirmed in Japan. However, their spread pattern and exact vector species are currently uncertain. Attempts to isolate arboviruses from Culicoides biting midges and sentinel cattle were conducted in Kagoshima, located at the southernmost end of the main islands of Japan, a potentially high-risk area for incursion of arboviral diseases and outbreak of endemic ones. Seventy-eight isolates comprising Akabane, Peaton and Sathuperi viruses of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae, bluetongue virus serotype 16, D'Aguilar virus, Bunyip Creek virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 of the genus Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae, a potentially novel rhabdovirus of the genus Ephemerovirus and unidentified orbivirus-like viruses were obtained from Culicoides biting midges and sentinel cattle between 2003 and 2013. Akabane, Sathuperi, D'Aguilar and Bunyip Creek viruses were selectively isolated from Culicoides oxystoma, suggesting this vector's responsibility for these arbovirus outbreaks. The results of virus isolation also implied that C. tainanus, C. jacobsoni and C. punctatus are competent for the transmission of bluetongue virus serotype 16, Peaton virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1, respectively. Our monitoring in Culicoides biting midges and sentinel cattle detected the circulation of Akabane virus just prior to the accumulations of bovine congenital abnormalities and encephalomyelitis by it around study sites in 2003, 2006, 2008 and 2013. Silent circulations of the other arboviruses, including potentially new viruses, were also detected during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - H Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M Sato
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Yamakawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Tsuda
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Cêtre-Sossah C, Roger M, Sailleau C, Rieau L, Zientara S, Bréard E, Viarouge C, Beral M, Esnault O, Cardinale E. Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in Reunion Island: evidence for the circulation of a new serotype and associated risk factors. Vet Microbiol 2014; 170:383-90. [PMID: 24636165 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) are members of the Orbivirus genus of the Reoviridae family transmitted between ruminants by the bites of Culicoides midges. BTV went undetected in Reunion Island between its first documented emergence in 1979 and two other serious outbreaks with both BTV-3 and EHDV-6 in 2003, and both EHDV-6 and BTV-2 in 2009. In these outbreaks, infected animals developed symptoms including hyperthermia, anorexia, congestion, prostration and nasal discharge. Samples were collected in 2011 to assess the prevalence of BT and EHD in ruminants native to Reunion Island by serological analysis. A cross-sectional study was undertaken on 67 farms, including a total of 276 cattle, 142 sheep and 71 goats. The prevalence rates of BT and EHD were 58% (95% CI [54.03-62.94]) and 38% (95% CI [33.85-42.63], respectively. Two further suspected outbreaks were confirmed to involve EHDV and BTV/EHDV. A new circulating EHDV serotype 1 of unknown origin was isolated. Our results confirm that the prevalence of both BT and EHD is high and that both are likely currently circulating. A high risk of BTV and EHDV infections was associated with the introduction of ruminants from neighbouring farms without quarantine, the presence of organic and other waste on the farm, and treatment against ectoparasites and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cêtre-Sossah
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), plateforme de recherche CYROI, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Matthieu Roger
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), plateforme de recherche CYROI, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Corinne Sailleau
- ANSES/INRA/ENVA-UMR Virologie 1161, 23 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, BP63, 94703 Maisons Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Lorène Rieau
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), plateforme de recherche CYROI, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Stephan Zientara
- ANSES/INRA/ENVA-UMR Virologie 1161, 23 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, BP63, 94703 Maisons Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Bréard
- ANSES/INRA/ENVA-UMR Virologie 1161, 23 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, BP63, 94703 Maisons Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Viarouge
- ANSES/INRA/ENVA-UMR Virologie 1161, 23 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, BP63, 94703 Maisons Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Marina Beral
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), plateforme de recherche CYROI, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Esnault
- GDS, 1 rue du Père Hauck, PK23, Bâtiment E/F/G, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion, France
| | - Eric Cardinale
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), plateforme de recherche CYROI, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
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Belaganahalli MN, Maan S, Maan NS, Nomikou K, Guimera M, Brownlie J, Tesh R, Attoui H, Mertens PPC. Full genome sequencing of Corriparta virus, identifies California mosquito pool virus as a member of the Corriparta virus species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70779. [PMID: 24015178 PMCID: PMC3754974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Corriparta virus (CORV), within the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae, currently contains six virus strains: corriparta virus MRM1 (CORV-MRM1); CS0109; V654; V370; Acado virus and Jacareacanga virus. However, lack of neutralization assays, or reference genome sequence data has prevented further analysis of their intra-serogroup/species relationships and identification of individual serotypes. We report whole-genome sequence data for CORV-MRM1, which was isolated in 1960 in Australia. Comparisons of the conserved, polymerase (VP1), sub-core-shell 'T2' and core-surface 'T13' proteins encoded by genome segments 1, 2 and 8 (Seg-1, Seg-2 and Seg-8) respectively, show that this virus groups with the other mosquito borne orbiviruses. However, highest levels of nt/aa sequence identity (75.9%/91.6% in Seg-2/T2: 77.6%/91.7% in Seg-8/T13, respectively) were detected between CORV-MRM1 and California mosquito pool virus (CMPV), an orbivirus isolated in the USA in 1974, showing that they belong to the same virus species. The data presented here identify CMPV as a member of the Corriparta virus species and will facilitate identification of additional CORV isolates, diagnostic assay design and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha N. Belaganahalli
- The Vector-Borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sushila Maan
- The Vector-Borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
- College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Narender S. Maan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Kyriaki Nomikou
- The Vector-Borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Guimera
- The Vector-Borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Brownlie
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Tesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Houssam Attoui
- The Vector-Borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. C. Mertens
- The Vector-Borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
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24
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Toye PG, Batten CA, Kiara H, Henstock MR, Edwards L, Thumbi S, Poole EJ, Handel IG, Bronsvoort BMD, Hanotte O, Coetzer JAW, Woolhouse MEJ, Oura CAL. Bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in local breeds of cattle in Kenya. Res Vet Sci 2012; 94:769-73. [PMID: 23261160 PMCID: PMC3632752 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of bluetongue virus (BTV) and Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus (EHDV) in indigenous calves in western Kenya was investigated. Serum was analysed for BTV and EHDV antibodies. The population seroprevalences for BTV and EHDV for calves at 51 weeks of age were estimated to be 0.942 (95% CI 0.902–0.970) and 0.637 (95% CI 0.562–0.710), respectively, indicating high levels of circulating BTV and EHDV. The odds ratio of being positive for BTV if EHDV positive was estimated to be 2.57 (95% CI 1.37–4.76). When 99 calves were tested for BTV and EHDV RNA by real-time RT-PCR, 88.9% and 63.6% were positive, respectively. Comparison of the serology and real-time RT-PCR results revealed an unexpectedly large number of calves that were negative by serology but positive by real-time RT-PCR for EHDV. Eight samples positive for BTV RNA were serotyped using 24 serotype-specific real-time RT-PCR assays. Nine BTV serotypes were detected, indicating that the cattle were infected with a heterogeneous population of BTVs. The results show that BTV and EHDV are highly prevalent, with cattle being infected from an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Toye
- The International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
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25
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Ruder MG, Howerth EW, Stallknecht DE, Allison AB, Carter DL, Drolet BS, Klement E, Mead DG. Vector competence of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 7. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:236. [PMID: 23075098 PMCID: PMC3504516 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is a vector of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotypes 1 and 2 in North America, where these viruses are well-known pathogens of white-tailed deer (WTD) and other wild ruminants. Although historically rare, reports of clinical EHDV infection in cattle have increased in some parts of the world over the past decade. In 2006, an EHDV-7 epizootic in cattle resulted in economic loss for the Israeli dairy industry. White-tailed deer are susceptible to EHDV-7 infection and disease; however, this serotype is exotic to the US and the susceptibility of C. sonorensis to this cattle-virulent EHDV is not known. The objective of the study was to determine if C. sonorensis is susceptible to EHDV-7 infection and is a competent vector. Methods To evaluate the susceptibility of C. sonorensis, midges were fed on EHDV-7 infected WTD, held at 22 ± 1°C, and processed individually for virus isolation and titration on 4–16 days post feeding (dpf). Midges with a virus titer of ≥102.7 median tissue culture infective doses (TCID50)/midge were considered potentially competent. To determine if infected C. sonorensis were capable of transmitting EHDV-7 to a host, a susceptible WTD was then fed on by a group of 14–16 dpf midges. Results From 4–16 dpf, 45% (156/350) of midges that fed on WTD with high titer viremia (>107 TCID50/ml) were virus isolation-positive, and starting from 10–16 dpf, 32% (35/109) of these virus isolation-positive midges were potentially competent (≥102.7 TCID50/midge). Midges that fed on infected deer transmitted the virus to a susceptible WTD at 14–16 dpf. The WTD developed viremia and severe clinical disease. Conclusion This study demonstrates that C. sonorensis is susceptible to EHDV-7 infection and can transmit the virus to susceptible WTD, thus, C. sonorensis should be considered a potential vector of EHDV-7. Together with previous work, this study demonstrates that North America has a susceptible ruminant and vector host for this exotic, cattle-virulent strain of EHDV-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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26
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Characteristic gene selection via weighting principal components by singular values. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38873. [PMID: 22808018 PMCID: PMC3393749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional gene selection methods based on principal component analysis (PCA) use only the first principal component (PC) of PCA or sparse PCA to select characteristic genes. These methods indeed assume that the first PC plays a dominant role in gene selection. However, in a number of cases this assumption is not satisfied, so the conventional PCA-based methods usually provide poor selection results. In order to improve the performance of the PCA-based gene selection method, we put forward the gene selection method via weighting PCs by singular values (WPCS). Because different PCs have different importance, the singular values are exploited as the weights to represent the influence on gene selection of different PCs. The ROC curves and AUC statistics on artificial data show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, experimental results on real gene expression data sets show that our method can extract more characteristic genes in response to abiotic stresses than conventional gene selection methods.
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27
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Mouzakiti E, Pepelassi E, Fanourakis G, Markopoulou C, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Vrotsos I. Expression of MMPs and TIMP-1 in smoker and nonsmoker chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:532-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Belaganahalli MN, Maan S, Maan NS, Nomikou K, Pritchard I, Lunt R, Kirkland PD, Attoui H, Brownlie J, Mertens PPC. Full genome sequencing and genetic characterization of Eubenangee viruses identify Pata virus as a distinct species within the genus Orbivirus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31911. [PMID: 22438872 PMCID: PMC3305294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Eubenangee virus has previously been identified as the cause of Tammar sudden death syndrome (TSDS). Eubenangee virus (EUBV), Tilligery virus (TILV), Pata virus (PATAV) and Ngoupe virus (NGOV) are currently all classified within the Eubenangee virus species of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. Full genome sequencing confirmed that EUBV and TILV (both of which are from Australia) show high levels of aa sequence identity (>92%) in the conserved polymerase VP1(Pol), sub-core VP3(T2) and outer core VP7(T13) proteins, and are therefore appropriately classified within the same virus species. However, they show much lower amino acid (aa) identity levels in their larger outer-capsid protein VP2 (<53%), consistent with membership of two different serotypes - EUBV-1 and EUBV-2 (respectively). In contrast PATAV showed significantly lower levels of aa sequence identity with either EUBV or TILV (with <71% in VP1(Pol) and VP3(T2), and <57% aa identity in VP7(T13)) consistent with membership of a distinct virus species. A proposal has therefore been sent to the Reoviridae Study Group of ICTV to recognise 'Pata virus' as a new Orbivirus species, with the PATAV isolate as serotype 1 (PATAV-1). Amongst the other orbiviruses, PATAV shows closest relationships to Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus (EHDV), with 80.7%, 72.4% and 66.9% aa identity in VP3(T2), VP1(Pol), and VP7(T13) respectively. Although Ngoupe virus was not available for these studies, like PATAV it was isolated in Central Africa, and therefore seems likely to also belong to the new species, possibly as a distinct 'type'. The data presented will facilitate diagnostic assay design and the identification of additional isolates of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushila Maan
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Narender S. Maan
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriaki Nomikou
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Pritchard
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Lunt
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D. Kirkland
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Houssam Attoui
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Brownlie
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. C. Mertens
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Liu JX, Zheng CH, Xu Y. Extracting plants core genes responding to abiotic stresses by penalized matrix decomposition. Comput Biol Med 2012; 42:582-9. [PMID: 22364779 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sparse methods have a significant advantage to reduce the complexity of genes expression data and to make them more comprehensible and interpretable. In this paper, based on penalized matrix decomposition (PMD), a novel approach is proposed to extract plants core genes, i.e., the characteristic gene set, responding to abiotic stresses. Core genes can capture the changes of the samples. In other words, the features of samples can be caught by the core genes. The experimental results show that the proposed PMD-based method is efficient to extract the core genes closely related to the abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xing Liu
- Bio-Computing Research Center, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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30
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Rapid molecular detection methods for arboviruses of livestock of importance to northern Europe. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2012:719402. [PMID: 22219660 PMCID: PMC3246798 DOI: 10.1155/2012/719402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have been responsible for some of the most explosive epidemics of emerging infectious diseases over the past decade. Their impact on both human and livestock populations has been dramatic. The early detection either through surveillance or diagnosis of virus will be a critical feature in responding and resolving the emergence of such epidemics in the future. Although some of the most important emerging arboviruses are human pathogens, this paper aims to highlight those diseases that primarily affect livestock, although many are zoonotic and some occasionally cause human mortality. This paper also highlights the molecular detection methods specific to each virus and identifies those emerging diseases for which a rapid detection methods are not yet developed.
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31
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Sailleau C, Zanella G, Breard E, Viarouge C, Desprat A, Vitour D, Adam M, Lasne L, Martrenchar A, Bakkali-Kassimi L, Costes L, Zientara S. Co-circulation of bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses in cattle in Reunion Island. Vet Microbiol 2011; 155:191-7. [PMID: 22005178 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in deer have already been isolated in Reunion Island and have caused more or less severe clinical signs in cattle (EHDV) or in sheep (BTV), as observed in 2003. In January 2009, cattle in Reunion Island showed clinical signs suggesting infection by one or the other of these arboviral diseases. A study was set up to determine the etiology of the disease. Analysis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed on blood samples from 116 cattle from different districts of the island detected the presence of the EHDV genome in 106 samples and, in 5 of them, the simultaneous occurrence of BTV and EHDV. One strain of EHDV (7 isolates) and one of BTV were isolated in embryonated eggs and a BHK-21 cell culture. Group and subgroup primer-pairs were designed on the segment 2 sequences available in GenBank to identify and type the EHDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the genomic segment 2 (encoding the VP2 serotype-specific protein) of the isolates confirmed the serotypes of these two orbiviruses as BTV-2 and EHDV-6 and allowed them to be compared with previously isolated strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Sailleau
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 23 Avenue du Général de Gaulle 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
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32
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Belaganahalli MN, Maan S, Maan NS, Tesh R, Attoui H, Mertens PPC. Umatilla virus genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis: identification of stretch lagoon orbivirus as a new member of the Umatilla virus species. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23605. [PMID: 21897849 PMCID: PMC3163642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae, includes 22 species of viruses with genomes composed of ten segments of linear dsRNA that are transmitted between their vertebrate hosts by insects or ticks, or with no identified vectors. Full-genome sequence data are available for representative isolates of the insect borne mammalian orbiviruses (including bluetongue virus), as well as a tick borne avian orbivirus (Great Island virus). However, no sequence data are as yet available for the mosquito borne avian orbiviruses.We report full-length, whole-genome sequence data for Umatilla virus (UMAV), a mosquito borne avian orbivirus from the USA, which belongs to the species Umatilla virus. Comparisons of conserved genome segments 1, 2 and 8 (Seg-1, Seg-2 and Seg-8) - encoding the polymerase-VP1, sub-core 'T2' protein and core-surface 'T13' protein, respectively, show that UMAV groups with the mosquito transmitted mammalian orbiviruses. The highest levels of sequence identity were detected between UMAV and Stretch Lagoon orbivirus (SLOV) from Australia, showing that they belong to the same virus species (with nt/aa identity of 76.04%/88.07% and 77.96%/95.36% in the polymerase and T2 genes and protein, respectively). The data presented here has assisted in identifying the SLOV as a member of the Umatilla serogroup. This sequence data reported here will also facilitate identification of new isolates, and epidemiological studies of viruses belonging to the species Umatilla virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushila Maan
- Vector-borne Diseases Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Narender S. Maan
- Vector-borne Diseases Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Tesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Houssam Attoui
- Vector-borne Diseases Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. C. Mertens
- Vector-borne Diseases Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Batten CA, Edwards L, Bin-Tarif A, Henstock MR, Oura CAL. Infection kinetics of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus serotype 6 in Holstein-Friesian cattle. Vet Microbiol 2011; 154:23-8. [PMID: 21767921 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus serotype 6 (EHDV-6) has recently caused serious outbreaks of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease (EHD) on the edges of Europe, in Turkey, Israel and Morocco. The aim of this study was to assess the pathogenicity and infection kinetics of EHD in Holstein-Friesian cattle infected with the two distinct strains of EHDV-6 isolated from the recent Turkish and Moroccan outbreaks. Samples taken throughout the study were used to validate two recently developed diagnostic assays that detect EHDV antibodies and viral genome. Two groups of five Holstein-Friesian cattle were experimentally infected with either the Moroccan or the Turkish isolate of EHDV-6. Cattle in both groups remained clinically unaffected throughout the study, but displayed high levels of viral RNA and virus in their blood, confirming that sub-clinical infection of cattle is likely to play an important role in EHDV transmission. A recently developed and commercialised real-time RT-PCR assay detected viral RNA as early as 2 days post infection (dpi) in both infection studies and viral RNA persisted for the course of the study. Antibodies against EHDV were first detected by 9dpi using a recently developed EHDV blocking ELISA and antibodies persisted up to the end of the study. All animals developed high levels of neutralising antibodies to EHDV-6, measured by a serum neutralisation test (SNT), with titres (log(10)) ranging from 2.20 to 2.38 at the end of the study. Virus was isolated from the blood of infected animals from as early as 2dpi up to 28dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Batten
- Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
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Savini G, Afonso A, Mellor P, Aradaib I, Yadin H, Sanaa M, Wilson W, Monaco F, Domingo M. Epizootic heamorragic disease. Res Vet Sci 2011; 91:1-17. [PMID: 21665237 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an infectious non-contagious viral disease transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides which affects wild and domestic ruminants. The causative agent, the epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus and shares many morphological and structural characteristics with the other members of the genus such as bluetongue, African horse sickness and equine encephalosis viruses. In recent years EHD outbreaks have been reported in countries bordering the European Union. They caused disease in cattle and severe repercussion on the livestock industry of the affected countries. In the light of recent European bluetongue epizootic these events pose an increasing threat to the European Union. This review includes the most recent information regarding the virus and the disease as well as tools for its diagnosis and control. It is our conviction that more attention should be drawn to both EHDV and the disease itself in order to fulfil all these gaps and not to be unprepared in case future possible incursions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Savini
- Istituto G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy.
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