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Yang M, Liu C, Jiang N, Liu Y, Luo S, Li C, Zhao H, Han Y, Chen W, Li L, Xiao L, Sun L. Myostatin: a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1181913. [PMID: 37288303 PMCID: PMC10242177 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic disorder, its main clinical manifestations are obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Although metabolic syndrome has been the focus of research in recent decades, it has been proposed that the occurrence and development of metabolic syndrome is related to pathophysiological processes such as insulin resistance, adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic inflammation, but there is still a lack of favorable clinical prevention and treatment measures for metabolic syndrome. Multiple studies have shown that myostatin (MSTN), a member of the TGF-β family, is involved in the development and development of obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension (clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome), and thus may be a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. In this review, we describe the transcriptional regulation and receptor binding pathway of MSTN, then introduce the role of MSTN in regulating mitochondrial function and autophagy, review the research progress of MSTN in metabolic syndrome. Finally summarize some MSTN inhibitors under clinical trial and proposed the use of MSTN inhibitor as a potential target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Li HS, Kuang JY, Liu GJ, Wu WJ, Yin XL, Li HD, Wang L, Qin T, Zhang WC, Sun YY. Myostain is involved in ginsenoside Rb1-mediated anti-obesity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1106-1115. [PMID: 35639355 PMCID: PMC9176416 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2074056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity, one of the major public health problems worldwide, has attracted increasing attention. Ginsenoside Rb1 is the most abundant active component of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey (Araliaceae) and is reported to have beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes. However, the mechanisms by which Rb1 regulates obesity remain to be explored. OBJECTIVE This paper intends to further explore the mechanism of Rb1 in regulating obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The C57BL/6 obese mice were divided into two groups: the control (CTR) and Rb1. The CTR group [intraperitoneally (ip) administered with saline] and the Rb1 group (ip administered with Rb1, 40 mg/kg/d) were treated daily for four weeks. In vitro, Rb1 (0, 10, 20, 40 μM) was added to differentiated C2C12 cells and Rb1 (0, 20, 40 μM) was added to 3T3-L1 cells. After 24 h, total RNA and protein from C2C12 cells and 3T3-L1 cells were used to detect myostatin (MSTN) and fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) expression. RESULTS Rb1 reduced the body weight and adipocyte size. Improved glucose tolerance and increased basic metabolic activity were also found in Rb1 treated mice. MSTN was downregulated in differentiated C2C12 cells, 3T3-L1 cells and adipose tissues upon Rb1 treatment. FNDC5 was increased after Rb1 treatment. However, MSTN overexpression attenuated Rb1-mediated decrease accumulation of lipid droplets in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS Rb1 may ameliorate obesity in part through the MSTN/FNDC5 signalling pathway. Our results showed that Rb1 can be used as an effective drug in the treatment of human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiang-Ying Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gui-Jun Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Jie Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Lun Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao-Dong Li
- Grade 2018, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medicine (5 + 3), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Enhanced Muscle Fibers of Epinephelus coioides by Myostatin Autologous Nucleic Acid Vaccine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136997. [PMID: 35805999 PMCID: PMC9266527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epinephelus coioides is a fish species with high economic value due to its delicious meat, high protein content, and rich fatty acid nutrition. It has become a high-economic fish in southern parts of China and some other Southeast Asian countries. In this study, the myostatin nucleic acid vaccine was constructed and used to immunize E. coioides. The results from body length and weight measurements indicated the myostatin nucleic acid vaccine promoted E. coioides growth performance by increasing muscle fiber size. The results from RT-qPCR analysis showed that myostatin nucleic acid vaccine upregulated the expression of myod, myog and p21 mRNA, downregulated the expression of smad3 and mrf4 mRNA. This preliminary study is the first report that explored the role of myostatin in E. coioides and showed positive effects of autologous nucleic acid vaccine on the muscle growth of E. coioides. Further experiments with increased numbers of animals and different doses are needed for its application to E. coiodes aquaculture production.
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Myostatin mutation causing double muscling could affect increased psoroptic mange sensitivity in dual purpose Belgian Blue cattle. Animal 2022; 16:100460. [PMID: 35180681 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Belgian Blue cattle are known for their high degree of muscling and good carcass qualities. This high degree of muscling is mainly caused by a mutation in the myostatin gene (MSTN). Although the MSTN mutation is considered as fixed in the Belgian Blue breed, segregation is occurring in a sub-population bred for dual purpose. In the latter population, we observed an association between the mutation in MSTN and susceptibility to psoroptic mange, a skin disease caused by Psoroptes ovis mites that heavily plagues Belgian Blue cattle. In total, 291 animals were sampled and screened for their susceptibility for mange lesions and their MSTN genotype. Via linear mixed modelling, we observed that homozygous mutant animals had a significant increase in the size of mange lesions (+2.51% lesion extent) compared to homozygous wild type. These findings were confirmed with zero-inflated modelling, an animal model and odds analysis. Risk ratios for developing severe mange lesions were 5.9 times as high for homozygous mutant animals. All analyses confirmed an association between the MSTN genotype and psoroptic mange lesion size.
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Takao N, Kurose S, Miyauchi T, Onishi K, Tamanoi A, Tsuyuguchi R, Fujii A, Yoshiuchi S, Takahashi K, Tsutsumi H, Kimura Y. The relationship between changes in serum myostatin and adiponectin levels in patients with obesity undergoing a weight loss program. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:147. [PMID: 34233657 PMCID: PMC8265051 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An effective strategy for weight loss in patients who are overweight or obese is to reduce body fat mass while maintaining skeletal muscle mass. Adiponectin and myostatin are affected through changes in body composition due to weight loss, and examining their dynamics may contribute to strategies for maintaining skeletal muscle mass through weight loss. We aimed to examine the relationships among myostatin, adiponectin, and body composition, depending on the extent of weight loss, in patients with obesity undergoing a weight loss program. METHODS We examined 66 patients with obesity (age: 46.8 ± 14.0 years, body mass index: 34.3 [31.0-38.4] kg/m2) attending a hospital weight loss program. We categorized the patients into two groups, namely an L group (those with a weight reduction of < 5% from baseline) and an M group (those with a weight reduction of > 5% from baseline). All patients underwent blood tests and were assessed for body composition, insulin resistance, adipocytokine and myokine levels, exercise tolerance, and muscle strength at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS Serum myostatin and adiponectin levels increased post-intervention in both groups. Body weight and %fat decreased, and the rate of lean body mass (%LBM) increased in both groups. Exercise capacity and muscle strength improved in the M group only. Change in (⊿) myostatin correlated with ⊿%fat, ⊿%LBM, and ⊿adiponectin. ⊿adiponectin (β = - 0.262, p = 0.035) was an independent predictor of ⊿myostatin. CONCLUSIONS Myostatin and adiponectin might cross-talk and regulate changes in skeletal muscle and fat mass with or without successful weight loss. These findings indicate that evaluating serum myostatin and adiponectin levels in clinical practice could be used to predict the effects of weight loss and help prevent skeletal muscle mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Takao
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan.
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1191, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kurose
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takumi Miyauchi
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Katsuko Onishi
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Atsuko Tamanoi
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Ryota Tsuyuguchi
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Aya Fujii
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Sawako Yoshiuchi
- Department of Nutrition Management, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tsutsumi
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1191, Japan
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
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Kumagai H, Coelho AR, Wan J, Mehta HH, Yen K, Huang A, Zempo H, Fuku N, Maeda S, Oliveira PJ, Cohen P, Kim SJ. MOTS-c reduces myostatin and muscle atrophy signaling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E680-E690. [PMID: 33554779 PMCID: PMC8238132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00275.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are metabolic diseases, often associated with sarcopenia and muscle dysfunction. MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, acts as a systemic hormone and has been implicated in metabolic homeostasis. Although MOTS-c improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, whether MOTS-c impacts muscle atrophy is not known. Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass and also one of the possible mediators of insulin resistance-induced skeletal muscle wasting. Interestingly, we found that plasma MOTS-c levels are inversely correlated with myostatin levels in human subjects. We further demonstrated that MOTS-c prevents palmitic acid-induced atrophy in differentiated C2C12 myotubes, whereas MOTS-c administration decreased myostatin levels in plasma in diet-induced obese mice. By elevating AKT phosphorylation, MOTS-c inhibits the activity of an upstream transcription factor for myostatin and other muscle wasting genes, FOXO1. MOTS-c increases mTORC2 and inhibits PTEN activity, which modulates AKT phosphorylation. Further upstream, MOTS-c increases CK2 activity, which leads to PTEN inhibition. These results suggest that through inhibition of myostatin, MOTS-c could be a potential therapy for insulin resistance-induced skeletal muscle atrophy as well as other muscle wasting phenotypes including sarcopenia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide reduces high-fat-diet-induced muscle atrophy signaling by reducing myostatin expression. The CK2-PTEN-mTORC2-AKT-FOXO1 pathways play key roles in MOTS-c action on myostatin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ana Raquel Coelho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Junxiang Wan
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hemal H Mehta
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kelvin Yen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy Huang
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Administrative Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Seiei College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Modification of Muscle-Related Hormones in Women with Obesity: Potential Impact on Bone Metabolism. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041150. [PMID: 32316563 PMCID: PMC7230770 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lean body mass (LBM) is a determinant of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) through its mechanical actions and quite possibly through its endocrine functions. The threefold aims of this study are: to determine the effects of obesity (OB) on aBMD and myokines; to examine the potential link between myokines and bone parameters; and to determine whether the effects of LBM on aBMD are mediated by myokines. aBMD and myokine levels were evaluated in relation to the body mass index (BMI) in 179 women. Compared with normal-weight controls (CON; n = 40), women with OB (n = 139) presented higher aBMD, myostatin and follistatin levels and lower irisin levels. Except for irisin levels, all differences between the OB and CON groups were accentuated with increasing BMI. For the whole population (n = 179), weight, BMI, fat mass (FM) and LBM were positively correlated with aBMD at all bone sites, while log irisin were negatively correlated. The proportion of the LBM effect on aBMD was partially mediated (from 14.8% to 29.8%), by log irisin, but not by follistatin or myosin. This study showed that myokine levels were greatly influenced by obesity. However, irisin excepted, myokines do not seem to mediate the effect of LBM on bone tissue.
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Verzola D, Milanesi S, Viazzi F, Ansaldo F, Saio M, Garibaldi S, Carta A, Costigliolo F, Salvidio G, Barisione C, Esposito P, Garibotto G, Picciotto D. Enhanced myostatin expression and signalling promote tubulointerstitial inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6343. [PMID: 32286342 PMCID: PMC7156449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a family member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β super family, has been detected in the tubuli of pig kidney, but its role in the human kidney is not known. In this study we observed upregulation of MSTN mRNA (~8 to 10-fold increase) both in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium in diabetic nephropathy (DN). In DN, immunoreactive MSTN was mainly localized in the tubuli and interstitium (∼4-8 fold increase), where it colocalized in CD45+ cells. MSTN was also upregulated in the glomeruli and the arterial vessels. Tubulointerstitial MSTN expression was directly related to interstitial fibrosis (r = 0.54, p < 0.01). In HK-2 tubular epithelial cells, both high (30 mmol) glucose and glycated albumin upregulated MSTN mRNA and its protein (p < 0.05-0.01). MSTN-treated HK-2 cells underwent decreased proliferation, together with NF-kB activation and CCL-2 and SMAD 2,3 overexpression. In addition, MSTN induced intracellular ROS release and upregulated NADPH oxidase, effects which were mediated by ERK activation. In conclusion, our data show that MSTN is expressed in the human kidney and overexpressed in DN, mainly in the tubulointerstitial compartment. Our results also show that MSTN is a strong inducer of proximal tubule activation and suggest that MSTN overexpression contributes to kidney interstitial fibrosis in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Verzola
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Samantha Milanesi
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Ansaldo
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Saio
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvano Garibaldi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Carta
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Costigliolo
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Gennaro Salvidio
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Barisione
- Division of Cardiology, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garibotto
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | - Daniela Picciotto
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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Ascorbic acid inhibits visceral obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in high-fat-diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:1620-1630. [PMID: 30283077 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Ascorbic acid is a known cofactor in the biosynthesis of carnitine, a molecule that has an obligatory role in fatty acid oxidation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that obesity is regulated effectively through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether ascorbic acid can inhibit obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in part through the actions of PPARα. DESIGN After C57BL/6J mice received a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% kcal fat), a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal fat), or the same HFD supplemented with ascorbic acid (1% w/w) (HFD-AA) for 15 weeks, variables and determinants of visceral obesity and NAFLD were examined using metabolic measurements, histology, and gene expression. RESULTS Compared to HFD-fed obese mice, administration of HFD-AA to obese mice reduced body weight gain, visceral adipose tissue mass, and visceral adipocyte size without affecting food consumption profiles. Concomitantly, circulating ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly higher in HFD-AA mice than in HFD mice. Ascorbic acid supplementation increased the mRNA levels of PPARα and its target enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation in visceral adipose tissues. Consistent with the effects of ascorbic acid on visceral obesity, ascorbic acid not only inhibited hepatic steatosis but also increased the mRNA levels of PPARα-dependent fatty acid β-oxidation genes in livers. Similarly, hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis were also decreased during ascorbic acid-induced inhibition of visceral obesity. In addition, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were lower in HFD-AA-fed mice than in those of HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ascorbic acid seems to suppress HFD-induced visceral obesity and NAFLD in part through the activation of PPARα.
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Khalil K, Elayat M, Khalifa E, Daghash S, Elaswad A, Miller M, Abdelrahman H, Ye Z, Odin R, Drescher D, Vo K, Gosh K, Bugg W, Robinson D, Dunham R. Generation of Myostatin Gene-Edited Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) via Zygote Injection of CRISPR/Cas9 System. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7301. [PMID: 28779173 PMCID: PMC5544710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The myostatin (MSTN) gene is important because of its role in regulation of skeletal muscle growth in all vertebrates. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was utilized to successfully target the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, muscle suppressor gene MSTN. CRISPR/Cas9 induced high rates (88-100%) of mutagenesis in the target protein-encoding sites of MSTN. MSTN-edited fry had more muscle cells (p < 0.001) than controls, and the mean body weight of gene-edited fry increased by 29.7%. The nucleic acid alignment of the mutated sequences against the wild-type sequence revealed multiple insertions and deletions. These results demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 is a highly efficient tool for editing the channel catfish genome, and opens ways for facilitating channel catfish genetic enhancement and functional genomics. This approach may produce growth-enhanced channel catfish and increase productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khalil
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Medhat Elayat
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Khalifa
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Samer Daghash
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elaswad
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Michael Miller
- Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Hisham Abdelrahman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Zhi Ye
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Ramjie Odin
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - David Drescher
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Khoi Vo
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kamal Gosh
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - William Bugg
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Dalton Robinson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rex Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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11
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Deng B, Zhang F, Wen J, Ye S, Wang L, Yang Y, Gong P, Jiang S. The function of myostatin in the regulation of fat mass in mammals. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:29. [PMID: 28344633 PMCID: PMC5360019 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), also referred to as growth and differentiation factor-8, is a protein secreted in muscle tissues. Researchers believe that its primary function is in negatively regulating muscle because a mutation in its coding region can lead to the famous double muscle trait in cattle. Muscle and adipose tissue develop from the same mesenchymal stem cells, and researchers have found that MSTN is expressed in fat tissues and plays a key role in adipogenesis. Interestingly, MSTN can exert a dual function, either inhibiting or promoting adipogenesis, according to the situation. Due to its potential function in controlling body fat mass, MSTN has attracted the interest of researchers. In this review, we explore its function in regulating adipogenesis in mammals, including preadipocytes, multipotent stem cells and fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Wen
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People's Republic of China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070 China
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12
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Proximate causes for diet-induced obesity in laboratory mice: a case study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:306-317. [PMID: 28145422 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Detailed protocols and recommendations for the assessment of energy balance have been provided to address the problems associated with different body mass and body composition as apparent for mouse models in obesity research. Here, we applied these guidelines to investigate energy balance in two inbred mouse strains with contrasting susceptibilities for diet-induced obesity (DIO). Mice of the AKR/J strain are highly susceptible, whereas the SWR/J mice are almost completely resistant. The proximate mechanisms responsible for this striking phenotypic difference are only partially understood. SUBJECTS/METHODS Body mass and body composition, metabolizable energy, energy expenditure (EE), body temperature and spontaneous physical activity behavior were first assessed in a cohort of male AKR/J (N=29) and SWR/J (N=30) mice fed on a low-fat control diet (CD) to identify metabolic adaptations determining resistance to DIO. Thereafter, the immediate metabolic responses to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 3 days were investigated. Groups of weight-matched AKR/J (N=8) and SWR/J (N=8) mice were selected from the initial cohort for this intervention. RESULTS Strain differences in body mass, fat mass and lean mass were adjusted by body mass as this was the only covariate significantly correlated with metabolizable energy and EE. On the CD, EE and fat oxidation was higher in SWR/J than in AKR/J mice, whereas no difference was found for metabolizable energy. In response to HFD feeding, both strains increased metabolizable energy intake, but also increased EE, body temperature, and fat oxidation. The catabolic adaptations to HFD feeding opposed the development of positive energy balance. Increased EE was not due to increased spontaneous physical activity. A significant strain difference was found when balancing metabolizable energy and daily energy expenditure (DEE). CONCLUSIONS The guidelines were applicable with some limitations related to the adjustment of differences in body composition. Metabolic phenotyping revealed that metabolizable energy, DEE and metabolic fuel selection all contribute to the development of DIO. Therefore, assessing both sides of the energy balance equation is essential to identify the proximate mechanisms.
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13
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Gu H, Cao Y, Qiu B, Zhou Z, Deng R, Chen Z, Li R, Li X, Wei Q, Xia X, Yong W. Establishment and phenotypic analysis of an Mstn knockout rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:115-122. [PMID: 27289021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin (Mstn) is an inhibitor of myogenesis, regulating the number and size of skeletal myocytes. In addition to its myogenic regulatory function, Mstn plays important roles in the development of adipose tissues and in metabolism. In the present study, an Mstn knockout rat model was generated using the zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technique in order to further investigate the function and mechanism of Mstn in metabolism. The knockout possesses a frame shift mutation resulting in an early termination codon and a truncated peptide of 109 amino acids rather than the full 376 amino acids. The absence of detectable mRNA confirmed successful knockout of Mstn. Relative to wild-type (WT) littermates, Knockout (KO) rats exhibited significantly greater body weight, body circumference, and muscle mass. However, no significant differences in grip force was observed, indicating that Mstn deletion results in greater muscle mass but not greater muscle fiber strength. Additionally, KO rats were found to possess less body fat relative to WT littermates, which is consistent with previous studies in mice and cattle. The aforementioned results indicate that Mstn knockout increases muscle mass while decreasing fat content, leading to observed increases in body weight and body circumference. The Mstn knockout rat model provides a novel means to study the role of Mstn in metabolism and Mstn-related muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; Experimental Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ran Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhuang Chen
- Experimental Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xueling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Weidong Yong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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14
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Chiang YA, Kinoshita M, Maekawa S, Kulkarni A, Lo CF, Yoshiura Y, Wang HC, Aoki T. TALENs-mediated gene disruption of myostatin produces a larger phenotype of medaka with an apparently compromised immune system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:212-220. [PMID: 26578247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although myostatin, a suppressor of skeletal muscle development and growth, has been well studied in mammals, its function in fish remains unclear. In this study, we used a popular genome editing tool with high efficiency and target specificity (TALENs; transcription activator-like effector nucleases) to mutate the genome sequence of myostatin (MSTN) in medaka (Oryzias latipes). After the TALEN pair targeting OlMyostatin was injected into fertilized medaka eggs, mutant G0 fish carrying different TALENs-induced frameshifts in the OlMSTN coding sequence were mated together in order to transmit the mutant sequences to the F1 generation. Two F1 mutants with frameshifted myostatin alleles were then mated to produce the F2 generation, and these F2 OlMSTN null (MSTN(-/-)) medaka were evaluated for growth performance. The F2 fish showed significantly increased body length and weight compared to the wild type fish at the juvenile and post-juvenile stages. At the post-juvenile stage, the average body weight of the MSTN(-/-) medaka was ∼25% greater than the wild type. However, we also found that when the F3 generation were challenged with red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), the expression levels of the interferon-stimulated genes were lower than in the wild type, and the virus copy number was maintained at a high level. We therefore conclude that although the MSTN(-/-) medaka had a larger phenotype, their immune system appeared to be at least partially suppressed or undeveloped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Chiang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shun Maekawa
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Amod Kulkarni
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fang Lo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Yasutoshi Yoshiura
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Enhancement of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, Kagawa 761-0111, Japan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Takashi Aoki
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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15
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Tang L, Gao X, Yang X, Liu C, Wang X, Han Y, Zhao X, Chi A, Sun L. Ladder-Climbing Training Prevents Bone Loss and Microarchitecture Deterioration in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:85-93. [PMID: 26410845 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Resistance exercise has been proved to be effective in improving bone quality in both animal and human studies. However, the issue about whether resistance exercise can inhibit obesity-induced bone loss has not been previously investigated. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of ladder-climbing training, one of the resistance exercises, on bone mechanical properties and microarchitecture in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to the Control, HF + sedentary (HF-S) and HF + ladder-climbing training (HF-LCT) groups. Rats in the HF-LCT group performed ladder-climbing training for 8 weeks. The results showed that ladder-climbing training significantly reduced body and fat weight, and increased muscle mass along with a trend toward enhanced muscle strength in diet-induced obese rats. MicroCT analysis demonstrated that obesity-induced bone loss and architecture deterioration were significantly mitigated by ladder-climbing training, as evidenced by increased trabecular bone mineral density, bone volume over total volume, trabecular number and thickness, and decreased trabecular separation and structure model index. However, neither HF diet nor ladder-climbing training had an impact on femoral biomechanical properties. Moreover, ladder-climbing training significantly increased serum adiponectin, decreased serum leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 levels, and downregulated myostatin (MSTN) expression in diet-induced obese rats. Taken together, ladder-climbing training prevents bone loss and microarchitecture deterioration in diet-induced obese rats through multiple mechanisms including increasing mechanical loading on bone due to improved skeletal muscle mass and strength, regulating the levels of myokines and adipokines, and suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It indicates that resistance exercise may be a promising therapy for treating obesity-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaohang Gao
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chentao Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xudan Wang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanqi Han
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinjuan Zhao
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Aiping Chi
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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16
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Tang L, Yang X, Gao X, Du H, Han Y, Zhang D, Wang Z, Sun L. Inhibiting myostatin signaling prevents femoral trabecular bone loss and microarchitecture deterioration in diet-induced obese rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:308-16. [PMID: 26438721 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215606814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides resulting in a dramatic increase in skeletal muscle mass, myostatin (MSTN) deficiency has a positive effect on bone formation. However, the issue about whether blocking MSTN can inhibit obesity-induced bone loss has not been previously investigated. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of MSTN blocking on bone quality in high-fat (HF), diet-induced obese rats using a prepared polyclonal antibody for MSTN (MsAb). Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to the Control, HF and HF + MsAb groups. Rats in the HF + MsAb group were injected once a week with purified MsAb for eight weeks. The results showed that MsAb significantly reduced body and fat weight, and increased muscle mass and strength in the HF group. MicroCT analysis demonstrated that obesity-induced bone loss and architecture deterioration were significantly mitigated by MsAb treatment, as evidenced by increased bone mineral density, bone volume over total volume, trabecular number and thickness, and decreased trabecular separation and structure model index. However, neither HF diet nor MsAb treatment had an impact on femoral biomechanical properties including maximum load, stiffness, energy absorption and elastic modulus. Moreover, MsAb significantly increased adiponectin concentrations, and decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in diet-induced obese rats. Taken together, blocking MSTN by MsAb improves bone quality in diet-induced obese rats through a mechanotransduction pathway from skeletal muscle, and the accompanying changes occurring in the levels of circulating adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines may also be involved in this process. It indicates that the administration of MSTN antagonists may be a promising therapy for treating obesity and obesity-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaohang Gao
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Haiping Du
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yanqi Han
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Didi Zhang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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17
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Morrison PK, Bing C, Harris PA, Maltin CA, Grove-White D, Argo CM. Preliminary investigation into a potential role for myostatin and its receptor (ActRIIB) in lean and obese horses and ponies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112621. [PMID: 25390640 PMCID: PMC4229217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a widespread problem across the leisure population of horses and ponies in industrialised nations. Skeletal muscle is a major contributor to whole body resting energy requirements and communicates with other tissues through the secretion of myokines into the circulation. Myostatin, a myokine and negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, has been implicated in obesity development in other species. This study evaluated gene and protein expression of myostatin and its receptor, ActRIIB in adipose tissues and skeletal muscles and serum myostatin concentrations in six lean and six obese animals to explore putative associations between these factors and obesity in horses and ponies. Myostatin mRNA expression was increased while ActRIIB mRNA was decreased in skeletal muscles of obese animals but these differences were absent at the protein level. Myostatin mRNA was increased in crest fat of obese animals but neither myostatin nor ActRIIB proteins were detected in this tissue. Mean circulating myostatin concentrations were significantly higher in obese than in lean groups; 4.98 ng/ml (±2.71) and 9.00 ng/ml (±2.04) for the lean and obese groups, respectively. In addition, there was a significant positive association between these levels and myostatin gene expression in skeletal muscles (average R2 = 0.58; p<0.05). Together, these results provide further basis for the speculation that myostatin and its receptor may play a role in obesity in horses and ponies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa K. Morrison
- University of Liverpool, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Chen Bing
- University of Liverpool, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia A. Harris
- Equine Studies Group, WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte A. Maltin
- University of Liverpool, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Dai Grove-White
- University of Liverpool, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline McG. Argo
- University of Liverpool, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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18
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Galt NJ, Froehlich JM, Meyer BM, Barrows FT, Biga PR. High-fat diet reduces local myostatin-1 paralog expression and alters skeletal muscle lipid content in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:875-886. [PMID: 24264425 PMCID: PMC4016181 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Muscle growth is an energetically demanding process that is reliant on intramuscular fatty acid depots in most fishes. The complex mechanisms regulating this growth and lipid metabolism are of great interest for human health and aquaculture applications. It is well established that the skeletal muscle chalone, myostatin, plays a role in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis in mammals; however, this function has not been fully assessed in fishes. We therefore examined the interaction between dietary lipid levels and myostatin expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Five weeks of high-fat diet (HFD; 25 % lipid) intake increased white muscle lipid content and decreased circulating glucose levels and hepatosomatic index when compared to low-fat diet (LFD; 10 % lipid) intake. In addition, HFD intake reduced myostatin-1a and myostatin-1b expression in white muscle and myostatin-1b expression in brain tissue. Characterization of the myostatin-1a, myostatin-1b, and myostatin-2a promoters revealed putative binding sites for a subset of transcription factors associated with lipid metabolism. Taken together, these data suggest that HFD may regulate myostatin expression through cis-regulatory elements sensitive to increased lipid intake. Further, these findings provide a framework for future investigations of mechanisms describing the relationships between myostatin and lipid metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Galt
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jacob Michael Froehlich
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ben M. Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
| | - Frederic T. Barrows
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT 59715
| | - Peggy R. Biga
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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19
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Poschmann G, Seyfarth K, Besong Agbo D, Klafki HW, Rozman J, Wurst W, Wiltfang J, Meyer HE, Klingenspor M, Stühler K. High-Fat Diet Induced Isoform Changes of the Parkinson’s Disease Protein DJ-1. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2339-51. [DOI: 10.1021/pr401157k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gereon Poschmann
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Molecular Proteomics
Laboratory, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Seyfarth
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius- Zentrum (EKFZ) & Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniela Besong Agbo
- LVR-Hospital
Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Klafki
- LVR-Hospital
Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius- Zentrum (EKFZ) & Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Max-Planck-Institute
of Psychiatry, München, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl
für Entwicklungsgenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- LVR-Hospital
Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helmut E. Meyer
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius- Zentrum (EKFZ) & Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Molecular Proteomics
Laboratory, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Gabillard JC, Biga PR, Rescan PY, Seiliez I. Revisiting the paradigm of myostatin in vertebrates: insights from fishes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 194:45-54. [PMID: 24018114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, myostatin (MSTN), a member of the TGFβ superfamily, has emerged as a strong inhibitor of muscle growth in mammals. In fish many studies reveal a strong conservation of mstn gene organization, sequence, and protein structures. Because of ancient genome duplication, teleostei may have retained two copies of mstn genes and even up to four copies in salmonids due to additional genome duplication event. In sharp contrast to mammals, the different fish mstn orthologs are widely expressed with a tissue-specific expression pattern. Quantification of mstn mRNA in fish under different physiological conditions, demonstrates that endogenous expression of mstn paralogs is rarely related to fish muscle growth rate. In addition, attempts to inhibit MSTN activity did not consistently enhance muscle growth as in mammals. In vitro, MSTN stimulates myotube atrophy and inhibits proliferation but not differentiation of myogenic cells as in mammals. In conclusion, given the strong mstn expression non-muscle tissues of fish, we propose a new hypothesis stating that fish MSTN functions as a general inhibitors of cell proliferation and cell growth to control tissue mass but is not specialized into a strong muscle regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Gabillard
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, Equipe Croissance et Qualité de la Chair des Poissons, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000 Rennes, France.
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21
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Abstract
Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, was first described in 1997. Since then, myostatin has gained growing attention because of the discovery that myostatin inhibition leads to muscle mass accrual. Myostatin not only plays a key role in muscle homeostasis, but also affects fat and bone. This review will focus on the impact of myostatin and its inhibition on muscle mass/function, adipose tissue and bone density/geometry in humans. Although existing data are sparse, myostatin inhibition leads to increased lean mass and 1 study found a decrease in fat mass and increase in bone formation. In addition, myostatin levels are increased in sarcopenia, cachexia and bed rest whereas they are increased after resistance training, suggesting physiological regulatory of myostatin. Increased myostatin levels have also been found in obesity and levels decrease after weight loss from caloric restriction. Knowledge on the relationship of myostatin with bone is largely based on animal data where elevated myostatin levels lead to decreased BMD and myostatin inhibition improved BMD. In summary, myostatin appears to be a key factor in the integrated physiology of muscle, fat, and bone. It is unclear whether myostatin directly affects fat and bone, or indirectly via muscle. Whether via direct or indirect effects, myostatin inhibition appears to increase muscle and bone mass and decrease fat tissue-a combination that truly appears to be a holy grail. However, at this time, human data for both efficacy and safety are extremely limited. Moreover, whether increased muscle mass also leads to improved function remains to be determined. Ultimately potential beneficial effects of myostatin inhibition will need to be determined based on hard outcomes such as falls and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Buehring
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, UW Madison, 2870 University Ave, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA,
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22
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Guo W, Wong S, Bhasin S. AAV-mediated administration of myostatin pro-peptide mutant in adult Ldlr null mice reduces diet-induced hepatosteatosis and arteriosclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71017. [PMID: 23936482 PMCID: PMC3731267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Genetic disruption of myostatin or its related signaling is known to cause strong protection against diet-induced metabolic disorders. The translational value of these prior findings, however, is dependent on whether such metabolically favorable phenotype can be reproduced when myostatin blockade begins at an adult age. Here, we reported that AAV-mediated delivery of a myostatin pro-peptide D76A mutant in adult mice attenuates the development of hepatic steatosis and arteriosclerosis, two common diet-induced metabolic diseases. A single dose of AAV-D76A in adult Ldlr null mice resulted in sustained expression of myostatin pro-peptide in the liver. Compared to vehicle-treated mice, D76A-treated mice gained similar amount of lean and fat mass when fed a high fat diet. However, D76A-treated mice displayed significantly reduced aortic lesions and liver fat, in association with a reduction in hepatic expression of lipogenic genes and improvement in liver insulin sensitivity. This suggests that muscle and fat may not be the primary targets of treatment under our experimental condition. In support to this argument, we show that myostatin directly up-regulated lipogenic genes and increased fat accumulation in cultured liver cells. We also show that both myostatin and its receptor were abundantly expressed in mouse aorta. Cultured aortic endothelial cells responded to myostatin with a reduction in eNOS phosphorylation and an increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS AAV-mediated expression of myostatin pro-peptide D76A mutant in adult Ldlr null mice sustained metabolic protection without remarkable impacts on body lean and fat mass. Further investigations are needed to determine whether direct impact of myostatin on liver and aortic endothelium may contribute to the related metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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23
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Biga PR, Froehlich JM, Greenlee KJ, Galt NJ, Meyer BM, Christensen DJ. Gelatinases impart susceptibility to high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1462-8. [PMID: 23465590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gelatinases play a role in adipose and muscle hypertrophy and could be involved in tissue remodeling in response to high-fat diet (HFD) intake. This study tested potential roles of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinses-2 and -9 [MMP-2 and -9]) in relationship to an antigrowth factor [myostatin (MSTN)] known to be dysregulated in relation to HFD-induced obesity (HFDIO) propensity. In vitro and ex vivo analyses demonstrated that MMP-9 increased mature MSTN levels, indicating a potential role of gelatinases in MSTN activation in vivo. HFD intake resulted in increased body weight and circulating blood glucose values in C57BL/6J and MMP-9 null mice, with no changes observed in SWR/J mice. HFD intake attenuated MMP-9 and MMP-2 mRNA levels in SWR/J mice while elevating MMP-2 levels in skeletal muscle in C57BL/6J mice. In MMP-9 null mice, the effects of HFD intake were muted. Consistent with changes in mRNA levels, HFD intake increased MMP-9 activity in muscle tissue of C57BL/6J mice, demonstrating a strong relationship between HFDIO susceptibility and local MMP regulation. Overall, resistance to HFDIO appears to correspond to low MMP-9 and MSTN levels, suggesting a role of MMP-9 in MSTN activation in local tissue responses to HFD intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy R Biga
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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24
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Meyer BM, Froehlich JM, Galt NJ, Biga PR. Inbred strains of zebrafish exhibit variation in growth performance and myostatin expression following fasting. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 164:1-9. [PMID: 23047051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been widely utilized as a model organism for several decades, there is little information available on physiological variation underlying genetic variation among the most commonly used inbred strains. This study evaluated growth performance using physiological and molecular markers of growth in response to fasting in six commonly used zebrafish strains [AB, TU, TL, SJA, WIK, and petstore (PET) zebrafish]. Fasting resulted in a standard decrease in whole blood glucose levels, a typical vertebrate glucose metabolism pattern, in AB, PET, TL, and TU zebrafish strains. Alternatively, fasting did not affect glucose levels in SJA and WIK zebrafish strains. Similarly, fasting had no effect on myostatin mRNA levels in AB, PET, TU, and WIK zebrafish strains, but decreased myostatin-1 and -2 mRNA levels in SJA zebrafish. Consistent with previous work, fasting increased myostatin-2 mRNA levels in TL zebrafish. These data demonstrate that variation is present in growth performance between commonly used inbred strains of zebrafish. These data can help future research endeavors by highlighting the attributes of each strain with regard to growth performance so that the most fitting strain may be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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25
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Elliott B, Renshaw D, Getting S, Mackenzie R. The central role of myostatin in skeletal muscle and whole body homeostasis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:324-40. [PMID: 22340904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin is a powerful negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass in mammalian species. It plays a key role in skeletal muscle homeostasis and has now been well described since its discovery. Myostatin is capable of inducing muscle atrophy via its inhibition of myoblast proliferation, increasing ubiquitin-proteasomal activity and downregulating activity of the IGF-Akt pathway. These well-recognized effects are seen in multiple atrophy causing situations, including injury, diseases such as cachexia, disuse and space flight, demonstrating the importance of the myostatin signalling mechanism. Based on this central role, significant work has been pursued to inhibit myostatin's actions in vivo. Importantly, several new studies have uncovered roles for myostatin distinct from skeletal muscle size. Myostatin has been suggested to play a role in cardiomyocyte homeostasis, glucose metabolism and adipocyte proliferation, all of which are examined in detail below. Based on these effects, myostatin inhibition has potential to be widely utilized in many Western diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type II diabetes and obesity. However, if myostatin inhibitors are to successfully translate from bench-top to bedside in the near future, awareness must be raised on these non-traditional effects of myostatin away from skeletal muscle. Indeed, further research into these novel areas is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Elliott
- Infection & Immunity Group; Department of Human & Health Science, School of Life Sciences; University of Westminster; London; UK
| | - D. Renshaw
- Infection & Immunity Group; Department of Human & Health Science, School of Life Sciences; University of Westminster; London; UK
| | - S. Getting
- Infection & Immunity Group; Department of Human & Health Science, School of Life Sciences; University of Westminster; London; UK
| | - R. Mackenzie
- Infection & Immunity Group; Department of Human & Health Science, School of Life Sciences; University of Westminster; London; UK
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Bueno PG, Bassi D, Contrera DG, Carnielli HM, Silva RN, Nonaka KO, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Leal AMO. Post-exercise changes in myostatin and actRIIB expression in obese insulin-resistant rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 339:159-64. [PMID: 21539891 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the expression of MSTN and ActRIIB mRNA in muscle and adipose tissue in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats subjected to exercise. There was no difference in the expression of MSTN between exercised and sedentary high-fat fed rats in muscle after swimming training. The expression of ActRIIB mRNA in muscle was not significantly different among the groups. In BAT, MSTN mRNA expression was higher in exercised high-fat fed group (EHF) compared with sedentary high-fat fed group (SHF). ActRIIB mRNA expression in BAT was higher in EHF compared with SHF. In mesenteric fat, MSTN mRNA was lower in EHF compared with SHF and ActRIIB mRNA was lower in EHF compared with SHF. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the expression of MSTN and ActRIIB mRNA changes in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in diet-induced obese and exercised rats and suggest the participation of MSTN in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Bueno
- Department of Physiology, University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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