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Challenges in Cell Fate Acquisition to Scid-Repopulating Activity from Hemogenic Endothelium of hiPSCs Derived from AML Patients Using Forced Transcription Factor Expression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121915. [PMID: 35741044 PMCID: PMC9221973 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represents a major goal in regenerative medicine and is believed would follow principles of early development. HSCs arise from a type of endothelial cell called a “hemogenic endothelium” (HE), and human HSCs are experimentally detected by transplantation into SCID or other immune-deficient mouse recipients, termed SCID-Repopulating Cells (SRC). Recently, SRCs were detected by forced expression of seven transcription factors (TF) (ERG, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXA10, LCOR, RUNX1, and SPI1) in hPSC-derived HE, suggesting these factors are deficient in hPSC differentiation to HEs required to generate HSCs. Here we derived PECAM-1-, Flk-1-, and VE-cadherin-positive endothelial cells that also lack CD45 expression (PFVCD45−) which are solely responsible for hematopoietic output from iPSC lines reprogrammed from AML patients. Using HEs derived from AML patient iPSCs devoid of somatic leukemic aberrations, we sought to generate putative SRCs by the forced expression of 7TFs to model autologous HSC transplantation. The expression of 7TFs in hPSC-derived HE cells from an enhanced hematopoietic progenitor capacity was present in vitro, but failed to acquire SRC activity in vivo. Our findings emphasize the benefits of forced TF expression, along with the continued challenges in developing HSCs for autologous-based therapies from hPSC sources.
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Fernandes SS, Limaye LS, Kale VP. Differentiated Cells Derived from Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Applications in Translational Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:29-43. [PMID: 34114129 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their development are one of the most widely studied model systems in mammals. In adults, HSCs are predominantly found in the bone marrow, from where they maintain homeostasis. Besides bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood, cord blood is also being used as an alternate allogenic source of transplantable HSCs. HSCs from both autologous and allogenic sources are being applied for the treatment of various conditions like blood cancers, anemia, etc. HSCs can further differentiate to mature blood cells. Differentiation process of HSCs is being extensively studied so as to obtain a large number of pure populations of various differentiated cells in vitro so that they can be taken up for clinical trials. The ability to generate sufficient quantity of clinical-grade specialized blood cells in vitro would take the field of hematology a step ahead in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalita S Limaye
- Stem Cell Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Vaijayanti P Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India.
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Dubois F, Gaignerie A, Flippe L, Heslan JM, Tesson L, Chesneau M, Haspot F, Conchon S, David L, Brouard S. Toward a better definition of hematopoietic progenitors suitable for B cell differentiation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243769. [PMID: 33320872 PMCID: PMC7737978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of inducing human pluripotent stem cells (hIPSC) offers new opportunities for cell-based therapy. Since B cells exert roles as effector and as regulator of immune responses in different clinical settings, we were interested in generating B cells from hIPSC. We differentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and hIPSC into B cells onto OP9 and MS-5 stromal cells successively. We overcame issues in generating CD34+CD43+ hematopoietic progenitors with appropriate cytokine conditions and emphasized the difficulties to generate proper hematopoietic progenitors. We highlight CD31intCD45int phenotype as a possible marker of hematopoietic progenitors suitable for B cell differentiation. Defining precisely proper lymphoid progenitors will improve the study of their lineage commitment and the signals needed during the in vitro process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Dubois
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Gaignerie
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Léa Flippe
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heslan
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Mélanie Chesneau
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Haspot
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Conchon
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent David
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
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Zhang C, Dong H, Lin Y, Xu P, Zhou R, Zeng H. Higher Level of Peripheral Blood CD34 Positive Cells Presented with Unfavorable Prognosis in Intermediate-Low Risk Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2020; 36:309-315. [PMID: 32425382 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-019-01232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work has demonstrated that some acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients had significantly elevated circulating CD34+ cell count (≥ 10 × 106/L), and these patients with higher CD34+ cell level usually presented with high-risk disease (WBC > 10,000/μL). The aim of this study was to investigate whether circulating CD34+ cell count is a prognostic marker in intermediate-low risk APL patients. In this study, 76 intermediate-low risk APL patients and 56 age-adjusted healthy volunteers were evaluated. Enumeration of CD34+ cells was investigated before the treatment. A cut-off value of 10 × 106/L CD34+ cells could just distinguish APL patients with adverse prognostic factors from others and may have the power to predict shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and poor prognosis. Higher count of CD34+ cells was usually associated with nonclassical chromosomal translocation, PML/RARα gene complex fusion, APL history, chemotherapy-related APL, disease progression, second tumor, extramedullary infiltration, FLT3-ITD positive mutation, atypical morphology, BM promyelocyte CD56/CD34 positive expression, myelofibrosis, PCR-positive PML/RARa gene fusion but FISH-negative, marrow necrosis and shorter PFS. Our results suggest that the level of CD34+ cells can be further the stratification of disease risk, a higher CD34+ cell count may be indicative of inferior survival and serve as an adverse biomarker for intermediate-low risk APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Zhang
- 1Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Dong
- 1Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People's Republic of China
| | - Yipeng Lin
- 1Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Xu
- 1Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfu Zhou
- 1Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zeng
- 1Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People's Republic of China.,2Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008 People's Republic of China
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Duan F, Huang R, Zhang F, Zhu Y, Wang L, Chen X, Bai L, Guo W, Chang SCN, Hu X, Na J. Biphasic modulation of insulin signaling enables highly efficient hematopoietic differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:205. [PMID: 30053898 PMCID: PMC6062919 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic lineage cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for the treatment of hematological diseases and providing sufficient cells for immune therapy. However, a simple, cost-effective method to generate large quantities of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is not yet available. Methods We established a monolayer, chemically defined culture system to induce hematopoietic differentiation from hPSCs in 8 days. Results We found that insulin-free medium allowed hPSCs to leave pluripotency promptly and preferably enter the vascular lineage. Addition of insulin during the later stage of differentiation was essential for the efficient induction of hemogenic endothelium and the emergence of large numbers of CD34+CD43+ HSPCs, while no insulin condition preferably permits endothelial differentiation. Global transcriptome profiling revealed that HSPCs differentiated using our protocol were similar to embryoid body-derived HSPCs. HSPCs obtained from our differentiation system formed robust erythroid, granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage colonies in CFU assay, and can be induced to generate functional macrophages with robust phagocytic ability. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that proper manipulation of insulin-mTOR signaling can greatly facilitate HSPC formation. This finding can be further exploited to formulate cost-effective differentiation medium to generate large quantities of cells of desired blood lineages for regenerative medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0934-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Duan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rujin Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yonglin Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lufeng Bai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Zhejiang University International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sophia Chia-Ning Chang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Na
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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In Vitro Haematopoietic Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cells or by Direct Lineage Conversion: Current Advances and Challenges. J Med Biol Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tesarova L, Simara P, Stejskal S, Koutna I. Hematopoietic Developmental Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Is Accompanied by the Morphology of Embryoid Bodies and the Expression of Endodermal and Hematopoietic Markers. Cell Reprogram 2017. [PMID: 28632430 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential clinical applications of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are limited by the difficulty of recapitulating embryoid hematopoiesis and by the unknown differentiation potential of hPSC lines. To evaluate their hematopoietic developmental potential, available hPSC lines were differentiated by an embryoid body (EB) suspension culture in serum-free medium supplemented with three different cytokine mixes (CMs). The hPSC differentiation status was investigated by the flow cytometry expression profiles of cell surface molecules, and the gene expression of pluripotency and differentiation markers over time was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). hPSC lines differed in several aspects of the differentiation process, including the absolute yield of hematopoietic progenitors, the proportion of hematopoietic progenitor populations, and the effect of various CMs. The ability to generate hematopoietic progenitors was then associated with the morphology of the developing EBs, the expression of the endodermal markers AFP and SOX17, and the hematopoietic transcription factor RUNX1. These findings deepen the knowledge about the hematopoietic propensity of hPSCs and identify its variability as an aspect that must be taken into account before the usage of hPSC-derived HSCs in downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Tesarova
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Simara
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Stejskal
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Koutna
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
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Zeng H, Yin LD, Li P, Yuan YH, Guan CY, Xie T, Zhang QG. The level of peripheral blood circulating CD34+ cells is higher in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients with adverse prognostic factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:513-9. [PMID: 27077772 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2016.1150410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased flow cytometry enumeration of peripheral blood circulating CD34+ cells in patients with acute leukemia has been found in our previous work. In this study, we also demonstrated that acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients not only had elevated CD34+ cell count, but also had some clinical features. METHODS Fifty APL patients and 19 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The enumeration of circulating CD34+ cells, cytogenetic subgroup, immunophenotype analysis, and leukemic-related gene mutation detection were performed. RESULTS Some APL patients with higher count of CD34+ cells (≤10 × 10(6)/l) usually possessed one or more poor prognostic factors (higher WBCs count, PML/RARa gene complex fusion, chemotherapy-related APL, normal karyotype/complex karyotype abnormalities, CD56/CD34 antigen positive expression, FLT3-ITD positive mutation, myelofibrosis, and marrow necrosis). A cut-off value of 10 × 10(6)/l CD34+ cells may have the power to distinguish APL patients with above adverse clinical prognostic factor from other APL subjects. CONCLUSION The circulating CD34+ cell count appears to increase in some APL patients and a higher CD34+ cell count may be indicative of inferior survival and serve as an adverse biomarker for APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zeng
- a Department of Hematology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing 210008 , China
| | - Ling-Di Yin
- b First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210029 , China
| | - Ping Li
- a Department of Hematology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing 210008 , China
| | - Yan-Hui Yuan
- a Department of Hematology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing 210008 , China
| | - Chao-Yang Guan
- a Department of Hematology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing 210008 , China
| | - Ting Xie
- a Department of Hematology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing 210008 , China
| | - Qi-Guo Zhang
- a Department of Hematology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing 210008 , China
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Clonal culturing of human embryonic stem cells on laminin-521/E-cadherin matrix in defined and xeno-free environment. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3195. [PMID: 24463987 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of robust methods for establishment and expansion of pluripotent human embryonic stem (hES) cells still hampers development of cell therapy. Laminins (LN) are a family of highly cell-type specific basement membrane proteins important for cell adhesion, differentiation, migration and phenotype stability. Here we produce and isolate a human recombinant LN-521 isoform and develop a cell culture matrix containing LN-521 and E-cadherin, which both localize to stem cell niches in vivo. This matrix allows clonal derivation, clonal survival and long-term self-renewal of hES cells under completely chemically defined and xeno-free conditions without ROCK inhibitors. Neither LN-521 nor E-cadherin alone enable clonal survival of hES cells. The LN-521/E-cadherin matrix allows hES cell line derivation from blastocyst inner cell mass and single blastomere cells without a need to destroy the embryo. This method can facilitate the generation of hES cell lines for development of different cell types for regenerative medicine purposes.
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Porada CD, Atala AJ, Almeida-Porada G. The hematopoietic system in the context of regenerative medicine. Methods 2015; 99:44-61. [PMID: 26319943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) represent the prototype stem cell within the body. Since their discovery, HSC have been the focus of intensive research, and have proven invaluable clinically to restore hematopoiesis following inadvertent radiation exposure and following radio/chemotherapy to eliminate hematologic tumors. While they were originally discovered in the bone marrow, HSC can also be isolated from umbilical cord blood and can be "mobilized" peripheral blood, making them readily available in relatively large quantities. While their ability to repopulate the entire hematopoietic system would already guarantee HSC a valuable place in regenerative medicine, the finding that hematopoietic chimerism can induce immunological tolerance to solid organs and correct autoimmune diseases has dramatically broadened their clinical utility. The demonstration that these cells, through a variety of mechanisms, can also promote repair/regeneration of non-hematopoietic tissues as diverse as liver, heart, and brain has further increased their clinical value. The goal of this review is to provide the reader with a brief glimpse into the remarkable potential HSC possess, and to highlight their tremendous value as therapeutics in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, United States.
| | - Anthony J Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, United States.
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, United States.
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Shi Q, VandeBerg JL. Experimental approaches to derive CD34+ progenitors from human and nonhuman primate embryonic stem cells. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2015; 4:32-37. [PMID: 25973329 PMCID: PMC4396158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, CD34 positive cells are predominantly found in the umbilical cord and bone marrow, thus are considered as hematopoietic progenitors. Increasing evidence has suggested that the CD34+ cells represent a distinct subset of cells with enhanced progenitor activity; CD34 is a general marker of progenitor cells in a variety of cell types. Because the CD34 protein shows expression early on in hematopoietic and vascular-associated tissues, CD34+ cells have enormous potential as cellular agents for research and for clinical cell transplantation. Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells will give rise to an inexhaustible supply of CD34+ cells, creating an exciting approach for biomedical research and for regenerative medicine. Here, we review the main methods that have been published for the derivation of CD34+ cells from embryonic stem cells; specifically those approaches the human and nonhuman primate stem cells. We summarize current status of this field, compare the methods used, and evaluate the issues in translating the bench science to bedside therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan Antonio, Texas, 78227-5301
| | - John L VandeBerg
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan Antonio, Texas, 78227-5301
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio - Regional Academic Health Center80 Fort Brown Street, Brownsville, Texas 78520
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12
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Sayed N, Wong WT, Ospino F, Meng S, Lee J, Jha A, Dexheimer P, Aronow BJ, Cooke JP. Transdifferentiation of human fibroblasts to endothelial cells: role of innate immunity. Circulation 2014; 131:300-9. [PMID: 25359165 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.007394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell fate is fluid and may be altered experimentally by the forced expression of master regulators mediating cell lineage. Such reprogramming has been achieved with the use of viral vectors encoding transcription factors. We recently discovered that the viral vectors are more than passive vehicles for transcription factors because they participate actively in the process of nuclear reprogramming to pluripotency by increasing epigenetic plasticity. On the basis of this recognition, we hypothesized that small-molecule activators of toll-like receptor 3, together with external microenvironmental cues that drive endothelial cell (EC) specification, might be sufficient to induce transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into ECs (induced ECs). METHODS AND RESULTS We show that toll-like receptor 3 agonist Poly I:C, combined with exogenous EC growth factors, transdifferentiated human fibroblasts into ECs. These induced ECs were comparable to human dermal microvascular ECs in immunohistochemical, genetic, and functional assays, including the ability to form capillary-like structures and to incorporate acetylated low-density lipoprotein. Furthermore, induced ECs significantly improved limb perfusion and neovascularization in the murine ischemic hindlimb. Finally, using genetic knockdown studies, we found that the effective transdifferentiation of human fibroblasts to ECs requires innate immune activation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that manipulation of innate immune signaling may be generally used to modify cell fate. Because similar signaling pathways are activated by damage-associated molecular patterns, epigenetic plasticity induced by innate immunity may play a fundamental role in transdifferentiation during wound healing and regeneration. Finally, this study is a first step toward development of a small-molecule strategy for therapeutic transdifferentiation for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Sayed
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (N.S., W.T.W., F.O., S.M., J.P.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (J.L., A.J.); and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (P.D., B.J.A.)
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (N.S., W.T.W., F.O., S.M., J.P.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (J.L., A.J.); and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (P.D., B.J.A.)
| | - Frank Ospino
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (N.S., W.T.W., F.O., S.M., J.P.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (J.L., A.J.); and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (P.D., B.J.A.)
| | - Shu Meng
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (N.S., W.T.W., F.O., S.M., J.P.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (J.L., A.J.); and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (P.D., B.J.A.)
| | - Jieun Lee
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (N.S., W.T.W., F.O., S.M., J.P.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (J.L., A.J.); and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (P.D., B.J.A.)
| | - Arshi Jha
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (N.S., W.T.W., F.O., S.M., J.P.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (J.L., A.J.); and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (P.D., B.J.A.)
| | - Phillip Dexheimer
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (N.S., W.T.W., F.O., S.M., J.P.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (J.L., A.J.); and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (P.D., B.J.A.)
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (N.S., W.T.W., F.O., S.M., J.P.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (J.L., A.J.); and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (P.D., B.J.A.)
| | - John P Cooke
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (N.S., W.T.W., F.O., S.M., J.P.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (J.L., A.J.); and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (P.D., B.J.A.).
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Efthymiou AG, Chen G, Rao M, Chen G, Boehm M. Self-renewal and cell lineage differentiation strategies in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1333-44. [PMID: 24881868 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.922533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the initial discoveries of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, many strategies have been developed to utilize the potential of these cells for translational research and disease modeling. The success of these aims and the development of future applications in this area will depend on the ability to generate high-quality and large numbers of differentiated cell types that genetically, epigenetically, and functionally mimic the cells found in the body. AREAS COVERED In this review, we highlight the current strategies used to maintain stem cell pluripotency (a measure of stem cell quality), as well as provide an overview of the various differentiation strategies being used to generate cells from all three germ lineages. We also discuss the particular considerations that must be addressed when utilizing these cells for translational therapy, and provide an example of a cell type currently used in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION The major challenge in regenerative medicine and disease modeling will be in generating functional cells of sufficient quality that are physiologically and epigenetically similar to the diverse cells that they are modeled after. By meeting these criteria, these differentiated products can be successfully used in disease modeling, drug/toxicology screens, and cellular replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia G Efthymiou
- National Institutes of Health, Center for Regenerative Medicine , Bethesda, MD , USA
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van Veen T, Hunt JA. Tissue engineering red blood cells: a therapeutic. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:760-70. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theun van Veen
- Clinical Engineering, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease; University of Liverpool; UK
| | - John A. Hunt
- Clinical Engineering, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease; University of Liverpool; UK
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Liang P, Du J. Human induced pluripotent stem cell for modeling cardiovascular diseases. Regen Med Res 2014; 2:4. [PMID: 25984332 PMCID: PMC4389800 DOI: 10.1186/2050-490x-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The invention of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology allows patient-specific, mature somatic cells to be converted into an unlimited supply of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). These iPSCs can then in turn be differentiated into any cell type including neurons, cardiac cells, pancreatic cells, liver cells, blood cells or enterocytes. Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in the world, the limited cell derivation and cell number in cardiac tissue makes it difficult to study the CVDs using the existing cardiac cell model. By differentiating the patient-specific iPSCs into cardiomyocytes, scientists can generate iPSC-based 'disease in a dish’ models and use them to better understand disease mechanism. Here we review the current progress in using iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to model human CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ; Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, Rm G1105, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ; The key laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ; Beijing Institute of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
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Emmert MY, Wolint P, Wickboldt N, Gemayel G, Weber B, Brokopp CE, Boni A, Falk V, Bosman A, Jaconi ME, Hoerstrup SP. Human stem cell-based three-dimensional microtissues for advanced cardiac cell therapies. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6339-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Arora N, Daley GQ. Pluripotent stem cells in research and treatment of hemoglobinopathies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 2:a011841. [PMID: 22474618 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a011841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise for research and treatment of hemoglobinopathies. In principle, patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells could be derived from a blood sample, genetically corrected to repair the disease-causing mutation, differentiated into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and returned to the patient to provide a cure through autologous gene and cell therapy. However, there are many challenges at each step of this complex treatment paradigm. Gene repair is currently inefficient in stem cells, but use of zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases appear to be a major advance. To date, no successful protocol exists for differentiating PSCs into definitive HSCs. PSCs can be directly differentiated into primitive red blood cells, but not yet in sufficient numbers to enable treating patients, and the cost of clinical scale differentiation is prohibitively expensive with current differentiation methods and efficiencies. Here we review the progress, promise, and remaining hurdles in realizing the potential of PSCs for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Arora
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Groß B, Pittermann E, Reinhardt D, Cantz T, Klusmann JH. Prospects and challenges of reprogrammed cells in hematology and oncology. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 29:507-28. [PMID: 22857266 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2012.708707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a promising basis for modeling pediatric genetic disorders, allowing the derivation, study, and genetic correction of disease and patient-specific cell lines in vitro. Similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), iPSCs are capable of unlimited in vitro expansion and derivation of many cell types, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These may not only allow large scale screenings to develop therapeutic compounds, but also help to overcome cross-species barriers of genetically engineered animal models, which do not adequately recapitulate the associated human phenotype. Here, we review the current state and emerging developments of iPSC research, which can be exploited as a tool in modeling pediatric hematopoietic disorders and could lead to new clinical applications in gene and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Groß
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Kjartansdóttir KR, Gabrielsen A, Reda A, Söder O, Bergström-Tengzelius R, Andersen CY, Hovatta O, Stukenborg JB, Fedder J. Differentiation of stem cells upon deprivation of exogenous FGF2: a general approach to study spontaneous differentiation of hESCs in vitro. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2012; 58:330-8. [PMID: 22708801 PMCID: PMC3507279 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2012.694009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a model for in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) towards the germ cell lineage could be used to identify molecular mechanisms behind germ cell differentiation that may help in understanding human infertility. Here, we evaluate whether a lack of exogenous fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is supporting spontaneous differentiation of hESCs cultured on human foreskin fibroblast (hFF) monolayers towards germ cell lineage. Additionally to depriving the hESCs of exogenous FGF2, cells were stimulated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). To get a more comprehensive impression on effects of removal of FGF2 and stimulation with ATRA, we combined the results of three cell lines for each experimental setting. When combining gene expression profiles of three cell lines for 96 genes, only 6 genes showed a significant up-regulation in all cell lines, when no FGF2 was added to the media for 12 weeks. None of these genes are related to the germ lineage, whereas genes for neuronal cells (PAX6 and NR6A1) and endothelial cells (FLT-1 and PTF1A) were up-regulated. To induce and support the differentiation towards the germ lineage we stimulated hESCs with different concentrations of ATRA for 7 and 14 days. We observed no significant difference in gene expression on RNA level when combining all cell lines. Whereas, the overall outcome was negative, one of these cell lines demonstrated an up-regulation of DDX4 on RNA and protein level after 7 days of ATRA stimulation. In summary, our data showed that the lack of exogenous FGF2 results in up-regulation of genes crucial for neuronal and endothelial cell differentiation of hESCs, but not in the up-regulation of genes related to germ cell differentiation when cultured on hFFs. Additionally, we demonstrated that ATRA supplementation did not result in a general specific direction of hESCs towards the germ lineage.
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Descamps B, Emanueli C. Vascular differentiation from embryonic stem cells: Novel technologies and therapeutic promises. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 56:267-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Xu Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Fu S, Hu Y, Wang Y, Fu H, Wu K, Xiao H, Liu S, Yu X, Zheng W, Feng B, Huang H. Efficient commitment to functional CD34+ progenitor cells from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem-cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34321. [PMID: 22496789 PMCID: PMC3322134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient commitment of a specialized cell type from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) without contamination from unknown substances is crucial to their use in clinical applications. Here, we propose that CD34+ progenitor cells, which retain hematopoietic and endothelial cell potential, could be efficiently obtained from iPSCs derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSC-iPSCs) with defined factors. By treatment with a cocktail containing mesodermal, hematopoietic, and endothelial inducers (BMP4, SCF, and VEGF, respectively) for 5 days, hBMMSC-iPSCs expressed the mesodermal transcription factors Brachyury and GATA-2 at higher levels than untreated groups (P<0.05). After culturing with another hematopoietic and endothelial inducer cocktail, including SCF, Flt3L, VEGF and IL-3, for an additional 7–9 days, CD34+ progenitor cells, which were undetectable in the initial iPSC cultures, reached nearly 20% of the total culture. This was greater than the relative number of progenitor cells produced from human-skin-fibroblast-derived iPSCs (hFib-iPSCs) or from the spontaneous differentiation groups (P<0.05), as assessed by flow cytometry analysis. These induced cells expressed hematopoietic transcription factors TAL-1 and SCL. They developed into various hematopoietic colonies when exposed to semisolid media with hematopoietic cytokines such as EPO and G-CSF. Hematopoietic cell lineages were identified by phenotype analysis with Wright-Giemsa staining. The endothelial potential of the cells was also verified by the confirmation of the formation of vascular tube-like structures and the expression of endothelial-specific markers CD31 and VE-CADHERIN. Efficient induction of CD34+ progenitor cells, which retain hematopoietic and endothelial cell potential with defined factors, provides an opportunity to obtain patient-specific cells for iPSC therapy and a useful model for the study of the mechanisms of hematopoiesis and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lifei Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shan Fu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingjia Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huarui Fu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kangni Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haowen Xiao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Senquan Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiyan Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail:
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