1
|
Dias IE, Dias IR, Franchi-Mendes T, Viegas CA, Carvalho PP. A Comprehensive Exploration of Therapeutic Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Insights from Human and Animal Studies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:735. [PMID: 38672091 PMCID: PMC11048724 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for a group of chronic inflammatory enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation and persistent or frequent gastrointestinal signs. This disease affects more than 3.5 million humans worldwide and presents some similarities between animal species, in particular, dogs and cats. Although the underlying mechanism that triggers the disease is not yet well understood, the evidence suggests a multifactorial etiology implicating genetic causes, environmental factors, microbiota imbalance, and mucosa immune defects, both in humans and in dogs and cats. Conventional immunomodulatory drug therapies, such as glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants, are related with numerous adverse effects that limit its long-term use, creating the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) emerge as a promising alternative that attenuates intestinal inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines in inflamed tissues, and also due to their pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, regenerative, anti-tumor, and anti-microbial potential. However, this therapeutic approach may have important limitations regarding the lack of studies, namely in veterinary medicine, lack of standardized protocols, and high economic cost. This review summarizes the main differences and similarities between human, canine, and feline IBD, as well as the potential treatment and future prospects of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Esteves Dias
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.E.D.); (I.R.D.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ribeiro Dias
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.E.D.); (I.R.D.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences at Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Antunes Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universitário, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Pires Carvalho
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universitário, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Vetherapy—Research and Development in Biotechnology, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trewin I, Kathrani A. Pre-illness dietary risk factors in dogs with chronic enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2093-2101. [PMID: 37743693 PMCID: PMC10658591 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary factors have been extensively studied as potential triggers of inflammatory bowel disease in humans. Scant literature exists regarding diet as a pre-illness risk factor in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE). HYPOTHESIS To evaluate possible pre-illness dietary risk factors in dogs with CE. ANIMALS Ninety-five client-owned dogs; 48 with CE (25 presumptive and 23 confirmed) and 47 without a history of signs of gastrointestinal disease. METHODS Retrospective case-control questionnaire-based study at a veterinary referral teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Diet history was obtained relating to the onset of initial presenting signs for all dogs. The main diet consumed underwent ingredient analysis and caloric distribution calculation using a guaranteed analysis convertor software. Length of time the main diet was fed and adherence to the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Nutrition Committee guidelines was also recorded. RESULTS The frequency of the main diet containing no carbohydrate was greater for controls (5/47 dogs, 11%) vs the combined presumptive and confirmed CE dogs (0/48 dogs, 0%; P = .05). Fewer dogs with confirmed CE were fed a main diet containing red meat as the primary protein source (2/23 dogs, 9%) vs controls (15/47 dogs, 32%; P = .03). A main diet moisture percentage of ≤14% as fed was significantly associated with confirmed CE in logistic regression analysis (OR 5.71 [95% CI: 1.18-27.69]; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The presence of dietary carbohydrate, protein source, and dietary moisture content, or factors related to moisture content such as preservatives, might play a role as potential pre-illness dietary risk factors in dogs with CE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isla Trewin
- Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonEngland
| | - Aarti Kathrani
- Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonEngland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva C, Requicha J, Dias I, Bastos E, Viegas C. Genomic Medicine in Canine Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2463. [PMID: 37570272 PMCID: PMC10417655 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic medicine has become a growing reality; however, it is still taking its first steps in veterinary medicine. Through this approach, it will be possible to trace the genetic profile of a given individual and thus know their susceptibility to certain diseases, namely periodontal disease. This condition is one of the most frequently diagnosed in companion animal clinics, especially in dogs. Due to the limited existing information and the lack of comprehensive studies, the objective of the present study was to systematically review the existing scientific literature regarding genomic medicine in canine periodontal disease and determine which genes have already been studied and their probable potential. This study followed the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 methodology. Canine periodontal disease allied to genomic medicine were the subjects of this systematic review. Only six articles met all of the inclusion criteria, and these were analyzed in detail. These studies described genetic variations in the following genes: interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-1, lactotransferrin, toll-like receptor 9, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B. Only in two of them, namely interleukin-1 and toll-like receptor 9 genes, may the identified genetic variations explain the susceptibility that certain individuals have to the development of periodontal disease. It is necessary to expand the studies on the existing polymorphic variations in genes and their relationship with the development of periodontal disease. Only then will it be possible to fully understand the biological mechanisms that are involved in this disease and that determine the susceptibility to its development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Requicha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Estela Bastos
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zornow KA, Slovak JE, Lidbury JA, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Fecal S100A12 concentrations in cats with chronic enteropathies. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231164273. [PMID: 36995216 PMCID: PMC10812014 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231164273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare fecal S100A12 concentrations in cats diagnosed with chronic enteropathy (CE) with healthy control cats. METHODS This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Forty-nine cats that had gastrointestinal signs for >3 weeks and a complete diagnostic work-up, including bloodwork, abdominal ultrasound and upper and/or lower gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies, were enrolled into the CE group. Nineteen cats from the CE group were diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) and 30 with alimentary lymphoma (LSA), based on histopathology results and additional testing with immunohistochemistry or molecular clonality testing with PCR if indicated. Nineteen apparently healthy control cats were included in the study. One fecal sample was collected from each cat and S100A12 concentrations were quantified by an analytically validated in-house ELISA. RESULTS Fecal S100A12 concentrations differed between cats with LSA (median 110 ng/g; interquartile range [IQR] 18-548) and control cats (median 4 ng/g; IQR 2-25 [P <0.001]) and between cats with IBD (median 34 ng/g; IQR 15-973) and control cats (P <0.003). S100A12 concentrations in CE cats (median 94 ng/g; IQR 16-548) were statistically significantly higher compared with control cats (P <0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to separate healthy cats from CE cats was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-0.92) and was statistically significant (P <0.001). The AUROC to separate cats with IBD from cats with LSA was 0.51 (95% CI 0.34-0.68) and was not statistically significant (P = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Fecal S100A12 concentrations at the time of diagnostic investigation were higher in cats with CIE and LSA than in healthy controls but did not differ between cats with LSA and those with CIE/IBD. This study is an initial step toward evaluating a novel non-invasive marker of feline CIE. Further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic utility of fecal S100A12 concentrations in cats with CE, including comparing cats with IBD/CIE and LSA, and to compare them with cats with extra-gastrointestinal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailee A Zornow
- Internal Medicine Department, Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer E Slovak
- Internal Medicine Department, Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sahoo DK, Allenspach K, Mochel JP, Parker V, Rudinsky AJ, Winston JA, Bourgois-Mochel A, Ackermann M, Heilmann RM, Köller G, Yuan L, Stewart T, Morgan S, Scheunemann KR, Iennarella-Servantez CA, Gabriel V, Zdyrski C, Pilla R, Suchodolski JS, Jergens AE. Synbiotic-IgY Therapy Modulates the Mucosal Microbiome and Inflammatory Indices in Dogs with Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010025. [PMID: 36669027 PMCID: PMC9867299 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CE) is a common cause of persistent gastrointestinal signs and intestinal inflammation in dogs. Since evidence links dysbiosis to mucosal inflammation, probiotics, prebiotics, or their combination (synbiotics) may reduce intestinal inflammation and ameliorate dysbiosis in affected dogs. This study's aim was to investigate the effects of the synbiotic-IgY supplement on clinical signs, inflammatory indices, and mucosal microbiota in dogs with CE. Dogs with CE were enrolled in a randomized prospective trial. Twenty-four client-owned dogs were fed a hydrolyzed diet and administered supplement or placebo (diet) for 6 weeks. Dogs were evaluated at diagnosis and 2- and 6-week post-treatment. Outcome measures included clinical activity, endoscopic and histologic scores, inflammatory markers (fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein), and composition of the mucosal microbiota via FISH. Eleven supplement- and nine placebo-treated dogs completed the trial. After 6 weeks of therapy, clinical activity and endoscopic scores decreased in both groups. Compared to placebo-treated dogs, dogs administered supplement showed decreased calprotectin at 2-week post-treatment, decreased CRP at 2- and 6-week post-treatment increased mucosal Clostridia and Bacteroides and decreased Enterobacteriaceae in colonic biopsies at trial completion. Results suggest a beneficial effect of diet and supplements on host responses and mucosal microbiota in dogs with CE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.K.S.); (A.E.J.)
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Valerie Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adam Joseph Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenessa A. Winston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mark Ackermann
- National Animal Disease Center USDA, ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, DE-04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Gabor Köller
- Department for Large Animals, University of Leipzig, DE-04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Lingnan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Tracey Stewart
- Roy J. Carver High Resolution Microscopy Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Shannon Morgan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kaitlyn R Scheunemann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Vojtech Gabriel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christopher Zdyrski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.K.S.); (A.E.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jergens AE, Heilmann RM. Canine chronic enteropathy—Current state-of-the-art and emerging concepts. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:923013. [PMID: 36213409 PMCID: PMC9534534 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.923013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs have received great attention in the basic and clinical research arena. The 2010 ACVIM Consensus Statement, including guidelines for the diagnostic criteria for canine and feline CIE, was an important milestone to a more standardized approach to patients suspected of a CIE diagnosis. Great strides have been made since understanding the pathogenesis and classification of CIE in dogs, and novel diagnostic and treatment options have evolved. New concepts in the microbiome-host-interaction, metabolic pathways, crosstalk within the mucosal immune system, and extension to the gut-brain axis have emerged. Novel diagnostics have been developed, the clinical utility of which remains to be critically evaluated in the next coming years. New directions are also expected to lead to a larger spectrum of treatment options tailored to the individual patient. This review offers insights into emerging concepts and future directions proposed for further CIE research in dogs for the next decade to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Albert E. Jergens
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elucidating the Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in the Pathogenesis of Canine Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy-A Search for Potential Biomarkers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131645. [PMID: 35804545 PMCID: PMC9264988 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) is a chronic disease affecting the small or large intestine and, in some cases, the stomach of dogs. This gastrointestinal disorder is common and is characterized by recurrent vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss in affected dogs. The pathogenesis of IBD is not completely understood. Similar to human IBD, potential disease factors include genetics, environmental exposures, and dysregulation of the microbiota and the immune response. Some important components of the innate and adaptive immune response involved in CIE pathogenesis have been described. However, the immunopathogenesis of the disease has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarized the literature associated with the different cell types and molecules involved in the immunopathogenesis of CIE, with the aim of advancing the search for biomarkers with possible diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic utility. Abstract Canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) is one of the most common chronic gastrointestinal diseases affecting dogs worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors, as well as intestinal microbiota and dysregulated host immune responses, participate in this multifactorial disease. Despite advances explaining the immunological and molecular mechanisms involved in CIE development, the exact pathogenesis is still unknown. This review compiles the latest reports and advances that describe the main molecular and cellular mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immune responses involved in canine CIE pathogenesis. Future studies should focus research on the characterization of the immunopathogenesis of canine CIE in order to advance the establishment of biomarkers and molecular targets of diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic utility.
Collapse
|
8
|
Holmberg J, Pelander L, Ljungvall I, Harlos C, Spillmann T, Häggström J. Chronic Enteropathy in Dogs-Epidemiologic Aspects and Clinical Characteristics of Dogs Presenting at Two Swedish Animal Hospitals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121507. [PMID: 35739843 PMCID: PMC9219460 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about prevalence and breed predisposition of canine chronic enteropathy (CE) is limited. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate period prevalence, breed disposition, clinical features, diagnostic results, and treatment response of CE in dogs presenting at two Swedish animal hospitals during 2013−2018. A medical record search was performed to identify CE dogs including those with ≥3 visits because of gastrointestinal disease and/or that had undergone gastroduodenoscopy/colonoscopy during 2013−2018. Dog characteristics, case history, physical examination, laboratory variables, therapeutic protocol, and treatment response were recorded. Inclusion criteria for CE were met by 814 dogs. Period prevalence of CE was 1.1% of total number of dogs. Breeds with the highest relative risk included Norwegian Lundehund, West Highland White Terrier, and Miniature Poodle. Median age at presentation was 3.8 (IQR 1.8−6.8) years. French Bulldogs and Miniature Schnauzers presented at a younger age (<2.5 years) compared to other breeds (p < 0.05). In a subset of dogs, serum hypoalbuminemia (116/662, 17.5%), hypocobalaminemia (98/647, 15.1%), and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (145/267, 54.3%) were diagnosed. Treatment outcome was classified in 72.9% of dogs and characterized as immunosuppressant-responsive (55.2%), food-responsive (11.4%), non-responsive (5.2%), and antibiotic-responsive (1.1%). Non-responsive dogs were more likely to present with anemia hypoproteinemia/albuminemia, increased CRP, and ascites (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of dogs with CE at Swedish hospitals agreed with earlier reports, but risk breeds differed slightly and, compared to other breeds, a younger age of CE onset was found in two breeds. The largest proportion of dogs was immunosuppressant-responsive and the smallest antibiotic-responsive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Holmberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.P.); (I.L.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lena Pelander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.P.); (I.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Ingrid Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.P.); (I.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Caroline Harlos
- Anicura Albano Animal Hospital, Rinkebyvägen 21B, 182 36 Danderyd, Sweden;
| | - Thomas Spillmann
- Departments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, PL 57 Koetilantie 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.P.); (I.L.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rao K, Qin S, Yang Y, Zhan K, Wu H, Zheng H, Huang S. Shenling Baizhu Powder Alleviates TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rats by Improving Intestinal Epithelial Permeability and Inhibiting Inflammation Through the TLR5/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883918. [PMID: 35571126 PMCID: PMC9096158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study: To evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of shenling baizhu powder (SBP) on TNBS-induced colitis. Methods: Rats were given TNBS to establish the model of colitis and subsequently treated with different doses of SBP or mesalamine (MES). In addition, the expression of the TLR5/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and critical targets of the intestinal mucosal barrier was detected by immunochemical analysis techniques. Results: SBP significantly ameliorated the symptoms of TNBS-induced colitis in rats and reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. SBP could effectively strengthen epithelial barrier integrity in TNBS-induced colitis by increasing the secretion of mucin and tight junction and inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, we identified the crucial role of the TLR5/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in exerting the therapeutic effect of SBP. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that SBP has therapeutic effects on TNBS-induced colitis and potential value in treating and maintaining remission of colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Rao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Qin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanming Yang
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Kai Zhan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haomeng Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Zheng, ; Shaogang Huang,
| | - Shaogang Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Zheng, ; Shaogang Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Novak A, Pupo E, Van't Veld E, Rutten VPMG, Broere F, Sloots A. Activation of Canine, Mouse and Human TLR2 and TLR4 by Inactivated Leptospira Vaccine Strains. Front Immunol 2022; 13:823058. [PMID: 35386703 PMCID: PMC8978998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine Leptospira vaccines contain inactivated strains of pathogenic Leptospira, the causative agents of leptospirosis. For an effective response to vaccination, activation of the innate immune system via pattern recognition receptors such as TLRs is crucial. However, it is not known which TLRs are activated by Leptospira in dogs. To investigate the involvement of canine TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 in the recognition of Leptospira, we stimulated canine moDC and reporter cells expressing canine TLR2 with either whole-inactivated bacteria or purified LPS of Leptospira strains, representing the serogroups generally used in canine leptospirosis vaccines. Using the endotoxin neutralizing reagent polymyxin B and TLR4 antagonist RS-LPS, we demonstrate that Leptospira LPS and canine TLR4 are involved in IL-1β production as well as in the uptake of inactivated Leptospira in canine moDC. Furthermore, polymyxin B only partially inhibited IL-1β production induced by inactivated Leptospira, suggesting that next to TLR4, also other TLRs may be involved. The observed activation of canine TLR2-expressing reporter cells by inactivated Leptospira strains indicates that TLR2 could be one of these TLRs. Next, we analyzed TLR2 and TLR4 activating capabilities by the same Leptospira strains using human and mouse TLR-expressing reporter cells. Inactivated Leptospira and leptospiral LPS activated not only mouse, but also human TLR4 and this activation was shown to be LPS dependent in both cases. Additionally, inactivated Leptospira activated mouse and human TLR2-expressing reporter cell lines. In our study, we could not identify significant species differences in the recognition of Leptospira by TLR2 and TLR4 between dog, human and mouse. Lastly, we show that these inactivated Leptospira strains are recognized by both mouse and human TLR5 reporter cells only after exposure to additional heat-treatment. Unfortunately, we were not able to confirm this in the canine system. Our data show that TLR2 and TLR4 are involved in the recognition of Leptospira strains used in the production of canine Leptospira vaccines. This study contributes to the understanding of Leptospira-induced innate immune responses in dogs, humans, and mice. Future studies are needed to further explore the role of canine TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 in the induction of vaccine-mediated immunity against Leptospira.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Novak
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Product Characterization and Formulation, Intravacc, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Elder Pupo
- Department of Product Characterization and Formulation, Intravacc, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Esther Van't Veld
- Center for Cell Imaging (CCI), Division Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Femke Broere
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division Internal Medicine of Companion Animals, Department Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arjen Sloots
- Department of Product Characterization and Formulation, Intravacc, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kopper JJ, Iennarella-Servantez C, Jergens AE, Sahoo DK, Guillot E, Bourgois-Mochel A, Martinez MN, Allenspach K, Mochel JP. Harnessing the Biology of Canine Intestinal Organoids to Heighten Understanding of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis and Accelerate Drug Discovery: A One Health Approach. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:773953. [PMID: 35295115 PMCID: PMC8915821 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.773953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent issue of the Lancet, the prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) was estimated at 7 million worldwide. Overall, the burden of IBD is rising globally, with direct and indirect healthcare costs ranging between $14.6 and $31.6 billion in the U.S. alone in 2014. There is currently no cure for IBD, and up to 40% of patients do not respond to medical therapy. Although the exact determinants of the disease pathophysiology remain unknown, the prevailing hypothesis involves complex interplay among host genetics, the intestinal microenvironment (primarily bacteria and dietary constituents), and the mucosal immune system. Importantly, multiple chronic diseases leading to high morbidity and mortality in modern western societies, including type II diabetes, IBD and colorectal cancer, have epidemiologically been linked to the consumption of high-calorie, low-fiber, high monosaccharide, and high-fat diets (HFD). More specifically, data from our laboratory and others have shown that repeated consumption of HFD triggers dysbiotic changes of the gut microbiome concomitant with a state of chronic intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. However, progress in our understanding of the effect of dietary interventions on IBD pathogenesis has been hampered by a lack of relevant animal models. Additionally, current in vitro cell culture systems are unable to emulate the in vivo interplay between the gut microbiome and the intestinal epithelium in a realistic and translatable way. There remains, therefore, a critical need to develop translatable in vitro and in vivo models that faithfully recapitulate human gut-specific physiological functions to facilitate detailed mechanistic studies on the impact of dietary interventions on gut homeostasis. While the study of murine models has been pivotal in advancing genetic and cellular discoveries, these animal systems often lack key clinical signs and temporal pathological changes representative of IBD. Specifically, some limitations of the mouse model are associated with the use of genetic knockouts to induce immune deficiency and disease. This is vastly different from the natural course of IBD developing in immunologically competent hosts, as is the case in humans and dogs. Noteworthily, abundant literature suggests that canine and human IBD share common clinical and molecular features, such that preclinical studies in dogs with naturally occurring IBD present an opportunity to further our understanding on disease pathogenesis and streamline the development of new therapeutic strategies. Using a stepwise approach, in vitro mechanistic studies investigating the contribution of dietary interventions to chronic intestinal inflammation and "gut leakiness" could be performed in intestinal organoids and organoid derived monolayers. The biologic potential of organoids stems from the method's ability to harness hard-wired cellular programming such that the complexity of the disease background can be reflected more accurately. Likewise, the effect of therapeutic drug candidates could be evaluated in organoids prior to longitudinal studies in dog and human patients with IBD. In this review, we will discuss the value (and limitations) of intestinal organoids derived from a spontaneous animal disease model of IBD (i.e., the dog), and how it can heighten understanding of the interplay between dietary interventions, the gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation. We will also review how intestinal organoids could be used to streamline the preclinical development of therapeutic drug candidates for IBD patients and their best four-legged friends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Kopper
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,SMART Translational Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chelsea Iennarella-Servantez
- SMART Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,SMART Translational Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Dipak K Sahoo
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,SMART Translational Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Emilie Guillot
- 3D Health Solutions, Inc., ISU Research Park, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Marilyn N Martinez
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,SMART Translational Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,3D Health Solutions, Inc., ISU Research Park, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- SMART Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,SMART Translational Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,3D Health Solutions, Inc., ISU Research Park, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Isidori M, Corbee RJ, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Nonpharmacological Treatment Strategies for the Management of Canine Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy—A Narrative Review. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020037. [PMID: 35202290 PMCID: PMC8878421 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) refers to a heterogeneous group of idiopathic diseases of the dog characterised by persistent gastrointestinal (GI) clinical signs. If conventional dietary treatment alone would be unsuccessful, management of CIE is traditionally attained by the use of pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs. While being rather effective, however, these drugs are endowed with side effects, which may impact negatively on the animal’s quality of life. Therefore, novel, safe and effective therapies for CIE are highly sought after. As gut microbiota imbalances are often associated with GI disorders, a compelling rationale exists for the use of nonpharmacological methods of microbial manipulation in CIE, such as faecal microbiota transplantation and administration of pre-, pro-, syn- and postbiotics. In addition to providing direct health benefits to the host via a gentle modulation of the intestinal microbiota composition and function, these treatments may also possess immunomodulatory and epithelial barrier-enhancing actions. Likewise, intestinal barrier integrity, along with mucosal inflammation, are deemed to be two chief therapeutic targets of mesenchymal stem cells and selected vegetable-derived bioactive compounds. Although pioneering studies have revealed encouraging findings regarding the use of novel treatment agents in CIE, a larger body of research is needed to address fully their mode of action, efficacy and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Isidori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ronald Jan Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hernandez J, Rouillé E, Chocteau F, Allard M, Haurogné K, Lezin F, Hervé JM, Bach JM, Abadie J, Lieubeau B. Nonhypoalbuminemic Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Dogs as Disease Model. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1975-1985. [PMID: 33783501 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide, emphasizing the need of relevant models, as dogs spontaneously affected by IBD may be, for better knowledge of the disease's physiopathology. METHODS We studied 22 client-owned dogs suffering from IBD without protein loss and 14 control dogs. Biopsies were obtained from the duodenum, ileum, and colon. Inflammatory grade was assessed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and chemokine analysis. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in mucosa was immunohistochemically evaluated. Antibody levels against bacterial ligands (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and flagellin) were measured in sera using enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS Dogs with IBD showed low to severe clinical disease. Histopathologically, the gut of dogs with IBD did not exhibit significant alterations compared with controls except in the colon. The number of CD3+ T lymphocytes was decreased in the ileum and colon of dogs with IBD compared with controls, whereas the numbers of Foxp3+, CD20+, and CD204+ cells were similar in the 2 groups. Three chemokines, but no cytokines, were detected at the protein level in the mucosa, and the disease poorly affected their tissue concentrations. Dogs with IBD exhibited higher serum reactivity against LPS and flagellin than controls but similar immunoreactivity against the receptors TLR4 and TLR5. In addition, TLR2 and TLR9 showed similar expression patterns in both groups of dogs. CONCLUSIONS Our data described dysregulated immune responses in dogs affected by IBD without protein loss. Despite fairly homogeneous dog cohorts, we were still faced with interindividual variability, and new studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate the dog as a model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hernandez
- IECM, Oniris (Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), INRAE, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Marie Allard
- IECM, Oniris (Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Karine Haurogné
- IECM, Oniris (Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), INRAE, Nantes, France
| | | | - Julie M Hervé
- IECM, Oniris (Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Bach
- IECM, Oniris (Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), INRAE, Nantes, France
| | | | - Blandine Lieubeau
- IECM, Oniris (Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), INRAE, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Allenspach K, Mochel JP. Current diagnostics for chronic enteropathies in dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50 Suppl 1:18-28. [PMID: 34699081 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic enteropathies (CEs) in dogs describe a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by chronic persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) signs. Three major subgroups of CE can be identified by their response to treatment: Food-responsive disease (FRD), antibiotic-responsive disease (ARD), and steroid-responsive disease (SRD). The clinical diagnosis of CE is made by exclusion of all other possible causes of chronic diarrhea and includes histologic assessment of intestinal biopsies. The process of diagnosing canine CE can therefore be very time-consuming and expensive, and in most cases, does not help to identify dogs that will respond to a specific treatment. The development of novel diagnostic tests for canine CE has therefore focused on the accuracy of such tests to predict treatment responses. In this article, several novel assays that have the potential to become commercially available will be discussed, such as genetic tests, perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA), antibodies against transglutaminase/gliadin, antibodies against E coli OmpC/flagellin, and micro RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,SMART Translational Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- SMART Translational Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jergens AE, Parvinroo S, Kopper J, Wannemuehler MJ. Rules of Engagement: Epithelial-Microbe Interactions and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:669913. [PMID: 34513862 PMCID: PMC8432614 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.669913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are complex, multifactorial disorders that lead to chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammation. The exact etiology remains unknown, however multiple factors including the environment, genetic, dietary, mucosal immunity, and altered microbiome structure and function play important roles in disease onset and progression. Supporting this notion that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in IBD pathogenesis, studies in gnotobiotic mice have shown that mouse models of intestinal inflammation require a microbial community to develop colitis. Additionally, antimicrobial therapy in some IBD patients will temporarily induce remission further demonstrating an association between gut microbes and intestinal inflammation. Finally, a dysfunctional intestinal epithelial barrier is also recognized as a key pathogenic factor in IBD. The intestinal epithelium serves as a barrier between the luminal environment and the mucosal immune system and guards against harmful molecules and microorganisms while being permeable to essential nutrients and solutes. Beneficial (i.e., mutualists) bacteria promote mucosal health by strengthening barrier integrity, increasing local defenses (mucin and IgA production) and inhibiting pro-inflammatory immune responses and apoptosis to promote mucosal homeostasis. In contrast, pathogenic bacteria and pathobionts suppress expression and localization of tight junction proteins, cause dysregulation of apoptosis/proliferation and increase pro-inflammatory signaling that directly damages the intestinal mucosa. This review article will focus on the role of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the luminal environment acting as mediators of barrier function in IBD. We will also share some of our translational observations of interactions between IECs, immune cells, and environmental factors contributing to maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, as it relates to GI inflammation and IBD in different animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shadi Parvinroo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jamie Kopper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nakazawa M, Miyamae J, Okano M, Kanemoto H, Katakura F, Shiina T, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H, Moritomo T, Watari T. Dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II genotypes associated with chronic enteropathy in French bulldogs and miniature dachshunds. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 237:110271. [PMID: 34044267 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Canine chronic enteropathy (CE) is a group of immunogenetic disorders of unclear etiology characterized by chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal signs and inflammation. Diagnosis of CE subtypes by treatment response is a lengthy and challenging process, particularly in refractory cases of the disease. Given known association of dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II genotype and various immunogenetic disorders between and across breeds, this study was designed to examine the potential of determining susceptibility to refractory CE through identification of risk and protective genotypes in French bulldogs and miniature dachshunds-two popular dog breeds in Japan. Sequence-based genotyping of three DLA class II genes in 29 French bulldogs and 30 miniature dachshunds with refractory CE revealed a protective haplotype DLA-DRB1*002:01-DQA1*009:01-DQB1*001:01 against CE in French bulldogs (OR 0.09, 95 % CI 0.01-0.71, p = 0.0084). No statistical difference was noted between miniature dachshund cases and controls. These findings, largely disparate from a previous study on German shepherd dogs in the UK, were taken as possible indication of etiological differences in the refractory CE noted between and within breeds, and by extension, the potential of identifying such disease heterogeneity by DLA typing. The DLA-DQA1/DQB1 haplotype, protective against CE in our French bulldogs, has been reported as protective in various immune-mediated disorders such as Doberman hepatitis (Dyggve et al., 2011). Likewise, the DLA-DRB1*006:01 risk allele for Doberman hepatitis was noted in more French bulldogs with CE compared to controls, in line with reports on genotypes associated with both risk and protection being shared across various autoimmune diseases and breeds. These findings support an immunogenetic basis to the French bulldog-CE in our analysis, calling for further DLA studies working with larger samples and different breeds towards phenotypic clarification that may aid in early diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis through epigenetic approaches and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meg Nakazawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Jiro Miyamae
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Masaharu Okano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanemoto
- DVMs Animal Medical Center Yokohama, 966-5 Kawamuko, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 224-0044, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Katakura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1143, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Moritomo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Watari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dapsone Ameliorates Colitis through TLR4/NF-kB Pathway in TNBS Induced Colitis Model in Rat. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:595-602. [PMID: 33814208 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD), a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), emerges with severe gastrointestinal (GI) tract inflammation, sometimes known as hostile abdomen. Conventional treatment of CD has several limitations such as insufficient response to treatment, and intolerable side effects of drugs. In addition, the high cost of biologic drugs prevents patients from continuing their treatment. Dapsone showed vigorous anti-inflammatory effects on the skin diseases, lung diseases and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system. Hence, we decided to investigate the effect of dapsone on animal model of CD. METHODS In this study, colitis was induced by instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) 100 mg/kg. Rats were treated with daily gavage of dapsone (10, 12.5 and 20 mg/kg). Seven days after induction of colitis, specimens were collected for pathological and molecular assessments. RESULTS Dapsone (12.5 and 20 mg/kg) preserved the histologic architecture of the colon and prevented crypts irregularity. Additionally, it decreased tissue edema and hindered inflammatory cells infiltration. Besides, all doses of dapsone decreased tissue concentration of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon γ (INFγ). Western blot revealed that dapsone could attenuate inflammation via downregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and dephosphorylation of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB). CONCLUSION Based on these findings, dapsone attenuates inflammation and decreases TNF-α and INF-γ in animal model of CD. It acts through TLR4/NF-kB pathway to exert these effects.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pieper R, van Best N, van Vorst K, Ebner F, Reissmann M, Hornef MW, Fulde M. Toward a porcine in vivo model to analyze the pathogenesis of TLR5-dependent enteropathies. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1782163. [PMID: 32715918 PMCID: PMC7524303 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1782163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases, such as the metabolic syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, constitute serious public health threats in developed countries. Besides environmental factors, genetic predispositions contribute to the onset and progression of the disease. State-of-the-art mouse models recently highlight the involvement of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-driven microbiota composition in the development of metabolic disorders. Here, we discuss the causes and consequences of an altered enteric microbiota and provide information on a similar mechanism in another species, the pig. We show for the first time that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the porcine TLR5 gene conferring impaired functionality is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota in adult sows and neonatal piglets. Changes in the developing adaptive cellular immune response support the concept of TLR5-driven changes of the microbe-host interplay also in the pig. Together, these findings suggest that pigs with impaired TLR-functionality might represent a model for TLR5-driven diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pieper
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels van Best
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kira van Vorst
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Ebner
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mathias W. Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maldonado-Contreras A, Ferrer L, Cawley C, Crain S, Bhattarai S, Toscano J, Ward DV, Hoffman A. Dysbiosis in a canine model of human fistulizing Crohn's disease. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1785246. [PMID: 32730134 PMCID: PMC7524328 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1785246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition caused by the loss of mucosal tolerance toward the commensal microbiota. On average, 29.5% and 42.7% CD patients experience perianal complications at 10 and 20 y after diagnosis, respectively. Perianal CD (pCD) result in high disease burden, diminished quality of life, and elevated health-care costs. Overall pCD are predictors of poor long-term outcomes. Animal models of gut inflammation have failed to fully recapitulate the human manifestations of fistulizing CD. Here, we evaluated dogs with spontaneous canine anal furunculosis (CAF), a disease with clinical similarities to pCD, as a surrogate model for understanding the microbial contribution of human pCD pathophysiology. By comparing the gut microbiomes between dogs suffering from CAF (CAF dogs) and healthy dogs, we show CAF-dog microbiomes are either very dissimilar (dysbiotic) or similar (healthy-like), yet unique, to healthy dog's microbiomes. Compared to healthy or healthy-like CAF microbiomes, dysbiotic CAF microbiomes showed an increased abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus and Escherichia coli and a decreased abundance of Megamonas species and Prevotella copri. Our results mirror what have been reported in previous microbiome studies of patients with CD; particularly, CAF dogs exhibited two distinct microbiome composition: dysbiotic and healthy-like, with determinant bacterial taxa such as E. coli and P. copri that overlap what it has been found on their human counterpart. Thus, our results support the use of CAF dogs as a surrogate model to advance our understanding of microbial dynamics in pCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maldonado-Contreras
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,CONTACT Ana Maldonado-Contreras Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Lluís Ferrer
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Cawley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Crain
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Shakti Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Juan Toscano
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Hoffman
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Piras IS, Perdigones N, Zismann V, Briones N, Facista S, Rivera JL, Rozanski E, London CA, Hendricks WPD. Identification of Genetic Susceptibility Factors Associated with Canine Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111313. [PMID: 33167491 PMCID: PMC7694454 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is a common life-threatening condition occurring primarily in large and giant breeds with a 3.9% to 36.7% lifetime risk. The genetic correlates of GDV have not previously been systematically explored. We undertook an inter-breed genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of 253 dogs from ten breeds including 106 healthy dogs and 147 dogs with at least one GDV episode. SNP array genotyping followed by imputation was conducted on 241 samples to identify GDV-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variations (CNVs). A subset of 33 dogs (15 healthy dogs and 18 GDV patients from the three most represented breeds) was characterized by whole genome sequencing (WGS). After genome-wide Bonferroni correction, we identified a significant putatively protective intergenic SNP (rs851737064) across all breeds. The signal was most significant in Collies, German Shorthaired Pointers, and Great Danes. Subsequent focused analysis across these three breeds identified 12 significant additional putatively protective or deleterious SNPs. Notable significant SNPs included those occurring in genes involved in gastric tone and motility including VHL, NALCN, and PRKCZ. These data provide important new clues to canine GDV risk factors and facilitate generation of hypotheses regarding the genetic and molecular underpinnings this syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio S. Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Nieves Perdigones
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (N.P.); (V.Z.); (N.B.); (S.F.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Victoria Zismann
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (N.P.); (V.Z.); (N.B.); (S.F.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Natalia Briones
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (N.P.); (V.Z.); (N.B.); (S.F.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Salvatore Facista
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (N.P.); (V.Z.); (N.B.); (S.F.); (J.L.R.)
| | - José Luis Rivera
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (N.P.); (V.Z.); (N.B.); (S.F.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Elizabeth Rozanski
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA 01536, USA; (E.R.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Cheryl A. London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA 01536, USA; (E.R.); (C.A.L.)
| | - William P. D. Hendricks
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (N.P.); (V.Z.); (N.B.); (S.F.); (J.L.R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dietary and Nutritional Approaches to the Management of Chronic Enteropathy in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2020; 51:123-136. [PMID: 33131914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition can influence those functions of the gastrointestinal tract that can be adversely affected in chronic enteropathy, such as microbiota, mucosal immune system, intestinal permeability, and motility. Diet serves as a possible risk factor in disease pathogenesis and as a target for treatment in chronic enteropathy. Malnutrition is prevalent in people with inflammatory bowel disease and negatively affects outcome. Approximately two-thirds of dogs with protein-losing enteropathy due to chronic enteropathy or lymphangiectasia are underweight. Commercial diets and home-prepared diets have been used successfully in the management of chronic enteropathy. Fat restriction is the main dietary strategy for intestinal lymphangiectasia.
Collapse
|
22
|
Rana T. Unravelling of nitric oxide signalling: A potential biomarker with multifaceted complex mechanism associated with canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Anaerobe 2020; 66:102288. [PMID: 33132137 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important chronic condition associated with the infection affecting the gastrointestinal tract (G.I.) in dogs. Several factors' viz. gastrointestinal tract lymphoid tissue (GALT), permeability defects, genetic, ischemic, biochemical, psychosomatic disorders, infectious and parasitic agents, dietary allergies, and adverse drug reactions are associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The most noticeable clinical signs are vomiting, diarrhea, changes in appetite, weight loss, anorexia, ascites and peripheral edema. Nitric oxide (NO), a pleiotropic free radical messenger molecule plays an immense role in playing mucosal inflammation in the intestine through activation of NO synthase enzyme (iNOS). The complex mechanism associated with inflammation in the G.I. tract is also correlated with the expression of iNOS, enzymatic activity, and NO production. NO exerts a beneficial role in maintaining epithelial permeability as well as the immune response in acute colitis. But the excessive production of NO causes adverse effects. In the review, the author suggests that a complex phenomenon is associated with competing biochemical pathways triggered by NO through the regulation of mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. This review is a unique compilation about the role of NO in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease of the dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Rana
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex (V.M.E.J.), West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ritter S, Zadik-Weiss L, Almogi-Hazan O, Or R. Cannabis, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine: Cannabinoids' Role in Public Health, Food Safety, and Translational Medicine. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2020; 11:RMMJ.10388. [PMID: 32017686 PMCID: PMC7000163 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health is connected to cannabis with regard to food, animal feed (feed), and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the use of phytocannabinoids should be examined from a One Health perspective. Current knowledge on medical cannabis treatment (MCT) does not address sufficiently diseases which are of epidemiological and of zoonotic concern. The use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine is illegal in most countries, mostly due to lack of evidence-based medicine. To answer the growing need of scientific evidence-based applicable medicine in both human and veterinary medicine, a new approach for the investigation of the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids must be adopted. A model that offers direct study of a specific disease in human and veterinary patients may facilitate development of novel therapies. Therefore, we urge the regulatory authorities-the ministries of health and agriculture (in Israel and worldwide)-to publish guidelines for veterinary use due to its importance to public health, as well as to promote One Health-related preclinical translational medicine studies for the general public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Osnat Almogi-Hazan
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reuven Or
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cazzini P, Watson MK, Gottdenker N, Mayer J, Reavill D, Fox JG, Parry N, Sakamoto K. Proposed grading scheme for inflammatory bowel disease in ferrets and correlation with clinical signs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 32:17-24. [PMID: 31884894 PMCID: PMC7003233 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719896555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of companion animals, including ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Clinical signs of IBD are nonspecific, and intestinal biopsies are necessary for a definitive diagnosis. A grading scheme has not been established for ferrets. Additionally, the association between histologic severity and clinical signs in ferrets is unknown. We evaluated enteric samples from ferrets diagnosed with IBD, compared histologic grading schemes, and correlated the results with the severity of clinical signs. Enteric sections from 23 ferrets with IBD were analyzed using grading schemes for intestinal inflammation in cats and dogs, and a correlation with clinical signs was evaluated. After dividing the histologic samples into groups based on the severity of clinical signs, main histologic differences were identified. Age and sex were also assessed for correlation with clinical signs. No significant correlation was found between the 2 grading schemes and clinical signs (rho = 0.02, p = 0.89; rho = 0.26, p = 0.18, respectively). Degree of villus fusion, hemorrhage and/or fibrin, epithelial damage, inflammation density, and crypt abscess formation were used retrospectively to create a ferret IBD grading scheme, which was significantly correlated with the severity of clinical signs (rho = 0.48, p = 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between age (p = 0.04) and females (p = 0.007) with severity of clinical signs. Our ferret grading scheme may have clinical utility in providing a more objective, consistent evaluation of IBD in ferrets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cazzini
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Megan K Watson
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Nicole Gottdenker
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Joerg Mayer
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Drury Reavill
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - James G Fox
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Nicola Parry
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kalenyak K, Heilmann RM, van de Lest CHA, Brouwers JF, Burgener IA. Comparison of the systemic phospholipid profile in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease or food-responsive diarrhea before and after treatment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215435. [PMID: 30990833 PMCID: PMC6467395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and food-responsive diarrhea (FRD) are common chronic enteropathies in dogs, of which the exact pathogenesis has not been fully understood. In people dyslipidemia has been reported in patients with IBD, and potential therapeutic benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the treatment of IBD have been investigated. Studies on the phospholipid profile in dogs with IBD and FRD are still lacking. AIM To investigate the systemic phospholipid profile of dogs with IBD or FRD and to evaluate possible differences in phospholipids before and after treatment. METHODS The phospholipids in whole blood and EDTA plasma of 32 dogs diagnosed with either IBD (n = 16) or FRD (n = 16) were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) prior to and after initiation of treatment, which included an elimination diet enriched with PUFAs. RESULTS A clear separation of the phospholipids between whole blood and plasma was demonstrated on principal component analysis plots. In addition to the type of specimen, treatment and disease severity were the most significant factors determining the variance of the phospholipid profile. An increase in lysolipids was observed after treatment. The phosphatidylcholine (PC) species changed from PC 38:4 before treatment to mainly lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 after treatment. Furthermore, several differences in the abundance of individual phospholipids were identified between dogs with IBD and dogs with FRD and between treatment statuses using random forest analysis. CONCLUSION Significant variances were identified in the phospholipid profiles of dogs with IBD and FRD. These were particularly determined by type of specimen used, disease severity and treatment status. After treatment, a shift of phospholipid species towards lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 was observed. Future studies should further investigate the role of lipids in the pathophysiology of IBD and FRD as well as their potential therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kalenyak
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Chris H. A. van de Lest
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Lipidomics Facility, Utrecht University, CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos F. Brouwers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Lipidomics Facility, Utrecht University, CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Iwan A. Burgener
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aono K, Azuma YT, Nabetani T, Hatoya S, Furuya M, Miki M, Hirota K, Fujimoto Y, Nishiyama K, Ogata Y, Mochizuki T, Tani H. Correlation between toll-like receptor 4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) and pathological severity in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 210:15-22. [PMID: 30947975 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), and TNF-α play important roles in human inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between Toll-like receptor 4, NOD2, and TNF-α and the severity of chronic gastrointestinal diseases in dogs. We examined the expression levels of TLR4, NOD2, and TNF-α in the stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, and rectum obtained from 21 dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, high-grade lymphoma, food responsive enteropathy, chronic pancreatitis, low-grade lymphoma, inflammatory colorectal polyp, and chronic colitis. Next, we demonstrated whether there is good correlation between the expression levels of TLR4, NOD2, and TNF-α and the histopathological analysis of each sample. We found that the level of TLR4 expression in the ileum of dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease was positively associated with the histopathological severity. We also found that the level of NOD2 expression in the duodenum, stomach, and rectum was positively associated with the histopathological severity. However, there was no correlation between TNF-α expression in the 5 regions tested in this study and the histopathological severity. These findings indicate that TLR4 and NOD2 are remarkably associated with the severity of chronic gastrointestinal disease in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiya Aono
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo Nabetani
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University College of Life, Environmental, and Advanced Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Laboratory of Cell Pathobiology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Miki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kana Hirota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogata
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Course of Integrated Bioscience, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Course of Plant Production Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Whitney J, Haase B, Beatty J, Barrs VR. Breed-specific variations in the coding region of toll-like receptor 4 in the domestic cat. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 209:61-69. [PMID: 30885307 PMCID: PMC7126157 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Specific point mutations in the human toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) confer altered risk for diverse diseases including sepsis, aspergillosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Some of these TLR4 polymorphisms are racially specific. We hypothesised that feline TLR4 polymorphisms might underlie an observed increased risk to infectious and inflammatory diseases in some cat breeds. The aim of this study was to identify breed-specific variations in the coding region of feline TLR4 and to model the effect of mutations on protein structure and function in silico. The entire coding region of TLR4 was sequenced in 8 groups (7 pure-bred, 1 crossbred) of domestic cats (Felis catus) comprising 158 individuals. Twenty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in TLR4, with 16 located in the coding region (11 non-synonymous) and four in the 3′UTR. Comparison of breed specific allelic frequencies indicated that Burmese and British shorthairs most commonly differed from other breeds. In silico analyses to predict the impact of the 11 non-synonymous variants indicated a deleterious effect on protein structure for one SNP (c.869 G > A), which was not associated with a specific breed. Overall, findings from this study do not support a role of TLR4 dysfunction in breed-predispositions to infectious diseases in domestic cats in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Whitney
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - B Haase
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - J Beatty
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - V R Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Elad D. Disseminated canine mold infections. Vet J 2019; 243:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
29
|
Canine primary jejunal and colonic epithelial cells predominantly express TLR5 and TLR9 but do not change TLR expression pattern after stimulation with certain Toll-like receptor ligands. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 206:16-24. [PMID: 30502908 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is in contact with abundant luminal antigens and coordinates immune responses to differentiate commensals from pathogens. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) not only represent a physical barrier but also an immunologically important cell type that recognizes microbe-associated molecular patterns via Toll-like receptors (TLR). The importance of TLR expression has been elucidated for intestinal disorders in humans, mice and dogs. However, as knowledge about canine intestinal TLRs is mainly limited to the transcriptional level, the present study analyzed the protein expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 by primary canine IECs in the steady state and after stimulation with TLR ligands. This exhibited TLR5 and TLR9 to be predominantly expressed in canine IECs. TLR stimulation did not result in changes of the TLR expression pattern. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether this implicates hyporesponsiveness of canine IECs towards TLR stimulation under steady state conditions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Eissa N, Kittana H, Gomes-Neto JC, Hussein H. Mucosal immunity and gut microbiota in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Res Vet Sci 2018; 122:156-164. [PMID: 30504001 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs is a chronic and relapsing immunopathology, of unknown etiology, that usually manifests with a plethora of clinical signs reflecting the underlying heterogeneity in its pathogenesis. Alterations of the mucosal immune responses and the gut microbiota composition are thought to play an essential role in CE. Similar to humans, it is hypothesized that the breakdown in mucosal tolerance leads to aberrant and pathological immune responses toward the gut microbiota, that in turn, may contribute to the severity of disease, at least for certain CE subsets. Therefore, in this review, we discuss some of the most relevant and recent insights microbiological and immunological aspects characterizing CE in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Hatem Kittana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - João Carlos Gomes-Neto
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Hayam Hussein
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Heilmann RM, Steiner JM. Clinical utility of currently available biomarkers in inflammatory enteropathies of dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1495-1508. [PMID: 30222209 PMCID: PMC6189362 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs are a group of disorders that are characterized by chronic persistent or recurrent signs of gastrointestinal disease and histologic evidence of mucosal inflammation. These CIEs are classified as either food-responsive, antibiotic-responsive, or immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy. Patients not clinically responding to immunomodulatory treatment are grouped as nonresponsive enteropathy and dogs with intestinal protein loss as protein-losing enteropathy. Disease-independent clinical scoring systems were established in dogs for assessment of clinical disease severity and patient monitoring during treatment. Histopathologic and routine clinicopathologic findings are usually not able to distinguish the subgroups of CIE. Treatment trials are often lengthy and further diagnostic tests are usually at least minimally invasive. Biomarkers that can aid in defining the presence of disease, site of origin, severity of the disease process, response to treatment, or a combination of these would be clinically useful in dogs with CIE. This article summarizes the following biomarkers that have been evaluated in dogs with CIE during the last decade, and critically evaluates their potential clinical utility in dogs with CIE: functional biomarkers (cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, folate, α1 -proteinase inhibitor, immunoglobulin A), biochemical biomarkers (C-reactive protein, perinuclear anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies, 3-bromotyrosine, N-methylhistamine, calprotectin, S100A12, soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products, cytokines and chemokines, alkaline phosphatase), microbiomic biomarkers (microbiome changes, dysbiosis index), metabolomic biomarkers (serum metabolome), genetic biomarkers (genomic markers, gene expression changes), and cellular biomarkers (regulatory T cells). In addition, important performance criteria of diagnostic tests are briefly reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy M. Heilmann
- Small Animal ClinicCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of LeipzigLeipzigSaxonyGermany
| | - Jörg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal LaboratoryCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Peiravan A, Bertolini F, Rothschild MF, Simpson KW, Jergens AE, Allenspach K, Werling D. Genome-wide association studies of inflammatory bowel disease in German shepherd dogs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200685. [PMID: 30028859 PMCID: PMC6054420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is considered a multifactorial disease caused by complex interactions between the intestinal immune system, intestinal microbiota and environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Although IBD can affect any breed, German shepherd dogs (GSD) in the UK are at increased risk of developing the disease. Based on previous evidence, the aim of the present study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which may confer genetic susceptibility or resistance to IBD using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Genomic DNA was extracted from EDTA blood or saliva samples of 96 cases and 98 controls. Genotyping of cases and controls was performed on the Canine Illumina HD SNP array and data generated was analyzed using PLINK. Several SNPs and regions on chromosomes 7,9,11 and 13 were detected to be associated with IBD using different SNP-by-SNP association methods and FST windows approach. Searching one Mb up-and down-stream of the most significant SNPs, as identified by single SNP analysis as well as 200Kb before and after the start and the end position of the associated regions identified by FST windows approach, we identified 63 genes. Using a combination of pathways analysis and a list of genes that have been reported to be involved in human IBD, we identified 16 candidate genes potentially associated with IBD in GSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Peiravan
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Max F. Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Simpson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Karin Allenspach
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Dirk Werling
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hullar MAJ, Lampe JW, Torok-Storb BJ, Harkey MA. The canine gut microbiome is associated with higher risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus and high risk genetic variants of the immune system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197686. [PMID: 29889838 PMCID: PMC5995382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large and giant dog breeds have a high risk for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) which is an acute, life-threatening condition. Previous work by our group identified a strong risk of GDV linked to specific alleles in innate and adaptive immune genes. We hypothesize that variation in the genes of the immune system act through modulation of the gut microbiome, or through autoimmune mechanisms, or both, to predispose dogs to this condition. Here, we investigate whether differences in the canine fecal microbiome are associated with GDV and are linked to previously identified risk alleles. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Fecal samples from healthy Great Danes (n = 38), and dogs with at least one occurrence of GDV (n = 37) were collected and analyzed by paired-end sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Dietary intake and temperament were estimated from a study-specific dietary and temperament questionnaire. Dogs with GDV had significantly more diverse fecal microbiomes than healthy control dogs. Alpha diversity was significantly increased in dogs with GDV, as well as dogs with at least one risk allele for DRB1 and TRL5. We found no significant association of dietary intake and GDV. Dogs with GDV showed a significant expansion of the rare lineage Actinobacteria (p = 0.004), as well as a significantly greater abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.004) and a significantly lower abundance of Bacteroidetes (p<0.004). There was a significant difference in the abundance of 10 genera but after correction for multiple comparisons, none were significant. Bacterial phyla were significantly different between controls and dogs with GDV and at least one risk allele for DRB1 and TRL5. Actinobacteria were significantly higher in dogs with GDV and with one risk allele for DRB1 and TLR5 but not DLA88 genes. Furthermore, Collinsella was significantly increased in dogs with at least one risk allele for DRB1 and TLR5. Logistic regression showed that a model which included Actinobacteria, at least one risk allele,and temperament, explained 29% of the variation in risk of GDV in Great Danes. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome in GDV was altered by an expansion of a minor lineage and was associated with specific alleles of both innate and adaptive immunity genes. These associations are consistent with our hypothesis that immune genes may play a role in predisposition to GDV by altering the gut microbiome. Further research will be required to directly test the causal relationships of immune genes, the gut microbiome and GDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. J. Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Beverly J. Torok-Storb
- Department of Transplantation Biology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Harkey
- Department of Transplantation Biology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Luo S, Deng X, Liu Q, Pan Z, Zhao Z, Zhou L, Luo X. Emodin ameliorates ulcerative colitis by the flagellin-TLR5 dependent pathway in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:269-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
35
|
Harkey MA, Villagran AM, Venkataraman GM, Leisenring WM, Hullar MAJ, Torok-Storb BJ. Associations between gastric dilatation-volvulus in Great Danes and specific alleles of the canine immune-system genes DLA88, DRB1, and TLR5. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:934-945. [PMID: 28738011 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.8.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether specific alleles of candidate genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and innate immune system were associated with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in Great Danes. ANIMALS 42 healthy Great Danes (control group) and 39 Great Danes with ≥ 1 GDV episode. PROCEDURES Variable regions of the 2 most polymorphic MHC genes (DLA88 and DRB1) were amplified and sequenced from the dogs in each group. Similarly, regions of 3 genes associated with the innate immune system (TLR5, NOD2, and ATG16L1), which have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease, were amplified and sequenced. Alleles were evaluated for associations with GDV, controlling for age and dog family. RESULTS Specific alleles of genes DLA88, DRB1, and TLR5 were significantly associated with GDV. One allele of each gene had an OR > 2 in the unadjusted univariate analyses and retained a hazard ratio > 2 after controlling for temperament, age, and familial association in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The 3 GDV-associated alleles identified in this study may serve as diagnostic markers for identification of Great Danes at risk for GDV. Additional research is needed to determine whether other dog breeds have the same genetic associations. These findings also provided a new target for research into the etiology of, and potential treatments for, GDV in dogs.
Collapse
|
36
|
Heilmann RM, Allenspach K. Pattern-recognition receptors: signaling pathways and dysregulation in canine chronic enteropathies—brief review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:781-787. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638717728545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are expressed by innate immune cells and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as well as endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules. With a large potential for synergism or convergence between their signaling pathways, PRRs orchestrate a complex interplay of cellular mediators and transcription factors, and thus play a central role in homeostasis and host defense. Aberrant activation of PRR signaling, mutations of the receptors and/or their downstream signaling molecules, and/or DAMP/PAMP complex–mediated receptor signaling can potentially lead to chronic auto-inflammatory diseases or development of cancer. PRR signaling pathways appear to also present an interesting new avenue for the modulation of inflammatory responses and to serve as potential novel therapeutic targets. Evidence for a dysregulation of the PRR toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–containing protein (NOD)2, and the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) exists in dogs with chronic enteropathies. We describe the TLR, NOD2, and RAGE signaling pathways and evaluate the current veterinary literature—in comparison to human medicine—to determine the role of TLRs, NOD2, and RAGE in canine chronic enteropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy M. Heilmann
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany (Heilmann)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Allenspach)
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany (Heilmann)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Allenspach)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zheng B, Morgan ME, van de Kant HJG, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Kraneveld AD. Transcriptional modulation of pattern recognition receptors in chronic colitis in mice is accompanied with Th1 and Th17 response. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:29-39. [PMID: 28955789 PMCID: PMC5613238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) may contribute to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) development due to their microbial-sensing ability and the unique microenvironment in the inflamed gut. In this study, the PRR mRNA expression profile together with T cell-associated factors in the colon was examined using a chronic colitis mice model. 8–12 week old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to multiple dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatments interspersed with a rest period to mimic the course of chronic colitis. The clinical features and histological data were collected. The mRNA expressions of colonic PRRs, T cell-associated components were measured. Finally, the colons were scored for Foxp3+ cells. During chronic colitis, the histological data, but not the clinical manifestations demonstrated characteristic inflammatory symptoms in the distal colon. In contrast to acute colitis, the expression of all Toll-like receptors (Tlrs), except Tlr5 and Tlr9, was unaffected after repeated DSS treatments. The expression of Nod1 was decreased, while Nod2 increased. After third DSS treatment, only the expressions of Tlr3 and Tlr4 were significantly enhanced. Unlike other PRRs, decreased Tlr5 and increased Tlr9 mRNA expression persisted during the chronic colitis period. As the colitis progress, only the mRNA expression of Ifnγ and Il17 staid increased during chronic colitis, while the acute colitis-associated increase of Il23, and Il10 and Il12 was abolished. Finally, increased histological score of Foxp3+ cell in colon was found during the chronic colitis period. This study provides an expression pattern of PRRs during chronic colitis that is accompanied by a Th1- and Th17 cell-mediated immune response. This study provides an extensive survey of PRRs in the colon during chronic DSS-induced colitis. Chronic DSS colitis upregulates the mRNA expression of Tlr3, Tlr4, Tlr9 and Nod2. As the DSS colitis progresses to a chronic status the expression of Tlr5 decreases. The chronic DSS colitis results in a (progressive) increase of Th1 and Th17 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3586 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Mary E Morgan
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3586 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J G van de Kant
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3586 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3586 CG, The Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Utrecht 3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3586 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3586 CG, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
White R, Atherly T, Guard B, Rossi G, Wang C, Mosher C, Webb C, Hill S, Ackermann M, Sciabarra P, Allenspach K, Suchodolski J, Jergens AE. Randomized, controlled trial evaluating the effect of multi-strain probiotic on the mucosal microbiota in canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2017; 8:451-466. [PMID: 28678609 PMCID: PMC5628651 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1334754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs. While studies have reported alterations in fecal (luminal) microbial populations, only limited information is available about the mucosal microbiota of IBD dogs at diagnosis and following medical therapy. Our aim was to characterize the mucosal microbiota and determine the clinical, microbiological, and mucosal homeostatic effects of probiotic treatment in dogs with IBD. Thirty four IBD dogs were randomized to receive standard therapy (ST = diet + prednisone) with or without probiotic. Tissue sections from endoscopic biopsies were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on a quantifiable basis. Disease activity and changes in mucosal microbiota and tight junction protein (TJP) expression were assessed before and after 8 weeks of IBD therapy. ST and ST/probiotic therapy modulated the number of mucosal bacteria of IBD dogs in a similar fashion. Both treatments increased the numbers of total bacteria and individual species residing within adherent mucus, with ST therapy increasing Bifidobacterium spp. and ST/probiotic therapy increasing Lactobacillus spp (P < 0.05 for both), respectively. Both treatments were associated with rapid clinical remission but not improvement in histopathologic inflammation. Probiotic therapy was associated with upregulated (P < 0.05) expression of TJPs E-cadherin, occludin, and zonulin versus ST. The probiotic effect on mucosal bacteria is similar to that of IBD dogs receiving ST. IBD dogs fed probiotic had increased TJP expression suggesting that probiotic may have beneficial effects on mucosal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin White
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Blake Guard
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Curtis Mosher
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Craig Webb
- Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Steve Hill
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital – San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark Ackermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Peter Sciabarra
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA,CONTACT Albert E. Jergens Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yokoyama N, Ohta H, Kagawa Y, Nagata N, Nisa K, Morita T, Osuga T, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Nakamura K, Takiguchi M. Stimulation of colorectal biopsies from miniature dachshunds with inflammatory colorectal polyps with toll-like receptor ligands: A pilot study. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 188:78-83. [PMID: 28615131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) in miniature dachshunds (MDs) are a possible novel form of breed-specific canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this pilot study, we investigated the effects of different Toll like receptor (TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9) ligands on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) gene expression in ex vivo-cultured colorectal samples from four MDs with ICRPs and four healthy MDs. At baseline, no significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of TLRs and pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed between cases and control MDs. After 4-h incubation, the relative ratios of TNF-α mRNA expression in the TLR2- or TLR4-stimulated colorectal samples, and IL-1β mRNA expression in the TLR9-stimulated colorectal samples form cases showed higher tendency compared with healthy MDs (P<0.05), although statistically not significant. The results of this pilot study using small number of cases indicated that reactivity against TLR2, TLR4 or TLR9 ligand in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines might be enhanced in the colorectal mucosa of ICRPs. Further research is needed to perform the functional analysis of TLRs in the sole cell population using intestinal epithelial primary culture and the mononuclear cells isolated from colonic mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kagawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Khoirun Nisa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tomoya Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Henson LH, Songsasen N, Waddell W, Wolf KN, Emmons L, Gonzalez S, Freeman E, Maldonado J. Characterization of genetic variation and basis of inflammatory bowel disease in the Toll-like receptor 5 gene of the red wolf and the maned wolf. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
41
|
Yokoyama N, Ohta H, Yamazaki J, Kagawa Y, Ichii O, Khoirun N, Morita T, Osuga T, Lim SY, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Nakamura K, Takiguchi M. Localization of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 mRNA in the Colorectal Mucosa of Miniature Dachshunds with Inflammatory Colorectal Polyps. J Comp Pathol 2017; 156:183-190. [PMID: 28089357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) are characterized by the formation of multiple or solitary polyps with marked neutrophil infiltration in the colorectal area, and are speculated to be a novel form of breed-specific canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In human IBD, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA in the colorectal mucosa of dogs with ICRPs by in-situ hybridization using an RNAscope assay. Samples of inflamed colorectal mucosa (n = 5) and non-inflamed mucosa (n = 5) from miniature dachshunds (MDs) with ICRPs and colonic mucosa from healthy beagles (n = 5) were examined. TLR2 and TLR4 hybridization signals were localized to the colorectal epithelium, inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in the inflamed colorectal mucosa of affected dogs. The signals were significantly greater in inflamed colorectal epithelium compared with non-inflamed epithelium of MDs with ICRPs and healthy beagles (P <0.05). These results suggest that increased expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA in the inflamed colorectal mucosa results from not only inflammatory cell infiltration, but also the upregulation of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA in the colonic epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - J Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y Kagawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Sapporo, Japan
| | - O Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - N Khoirun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - S Y Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - N Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - K Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Peiravan A, Allenspach K, Boag AM, Soutter F, Holder A, Catchpole B, Kennedy LJ, Werling D, Procoli F. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in major histocompatibility class II haplotypes are associated with potential resistance to inflammatory bowel disease in German shepherd dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 182:101-105. [PMID: 27863539 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
German shepherd dogs (GSD) in the UK are at increased risk of developing the Inflammatory Bowel Disaese (IBD). IBD is believed to be a multifactorial immune mediated disease affecting genetically predisposed dogs. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether susceptibility to IBD in GSD is associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II locus (Dog Leukocyte Antigen, DLA). Sequence-based genotyping of the three polymorphic DLA genes DLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 was performed in 56 GSDs affected by IBD and in 50 breed-matched controls without any history of gastrointestinal signs. The haplotype DLA-DRB1*015:02-DQA1*006:01-DQB1*023:01 was found to be present only in the control population and was associated with a reduced risk of IBD (P<0.001). In contrast, the haplotype DLA-DRB1*015:01-DQA1*006:01-DQB1*003:01 was associated with IBD (Odds ratio [OR]=1.93, confidence interval [CI]=1.02-3.67, P=0.05). This study has identified an association between DLA-type and canine IBD, supporting the immunogenetic aetiology and immunopathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Peiravan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, United Kingdom.
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Alisdair M Boag
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Soutter
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Holder
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Catchpole
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna J Kennedy
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Werling
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Procoli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Day MJ. Cats are not small dogs: is there an immunological explanation for why cats are less affected by arthropod-borne disease than dogs? Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:507. [PMID: 27646278 PMCID: PMC5028948 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that cats appear to be less frequently affected by arthropod-borne infectious diseases than dogs and share fewer zoonotic pathogens with man. This impression is supported by the relative lack of scientific publications related to feline vector-borne infections. This review explores the possible reasons for the difference between the two most common small companion animal species, including the hypothesis that cats might have a genetically-determined immunological resistance to arthropod vectors or the microparasites they transmit. A number of simple possibilities might account for the lower prevalence of these diseases in cats, including factors related to the lifestyle and behaviour of the cat, lesser spend on preventative healthcare for cats and reduced opportunities for research funding for these animals. The dog and cat have substantially similar immune system components, but differences in immune function might in part account for the markedly distinct prevalence and clinicopathological appearance of autoimmune, allergic, idiopathic inflammatory, immunodeficiency, neoplastic and infectious diseases in the two species. Cats have greater genetic diversity than dogs with much lower linkage disequilibrium in feline compared with canine breed groups. Immune function is intrinsically related to the nature of the intestinal microbiome and subtle differences between the canine and feline microbial populations might also impact on immune function and disease resistance. The reasons for the apparent lesser susceptibility of cats to arthropod-borne infectious diseases are likely to be complex, but warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Day
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, North Somerset, BS40 5DU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Blake AB, Suchodolski JS. Importance of gut microbiota for the health and disease of dogs and cats. Anim Front 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/af.2016-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. Blake
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hoffman AM, Dow SW. Concise Review: Stem Cell Trials Using Companion Animal Disease Models. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1709-29. [PMID: 27066769 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies to evaluate the therapeutic potential of stem cells in humans would benefit from more realistic animal models. In veterinary medicine, companion animals naturally develop many diseases that resemble human conditions, therefore, representing a novel source of preclinical models. To understand how companion animal disease models are being studied for this purpose, we reviewed the literature between 2008 and 2015 for reports on stem cell therapies in dogs and cats, excluding laboratory animals, induced disease models, cancer, and case reports. Disease models included osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, dilated cardiomyopathy, inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's fistulas, meningoencephalomyelitis (multiple sclerosis-like), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Sjogren's syndrome-like), atopic dermatitis, and chronic (end-stage) kidney disease. Stem cells evaluated in these studies included mesenchymal stem-stromal cells (MSC, 17/19 trials), olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC, 1 trial), or neural lineage cells derived from bone marrow MSC (1 trial), and 16/19 studies were performed in dogs. The MSC studies (13/17) used adipose tissue-derived MSC from either allogeneic (8/13) or autologous (5/13) sources. The majority of studies were open label, uncontrolled studies. Endpoints and protocols were feasible, and the stem cell therapies were reportedly safe and elicited beneficial patient responses in all but two of the trials. In conclusion, companion animals with naturally occurring diseases analogous to human conditions can be recruited into clinical trials and provide realistic insight into feasibility, safety, and biologic activity of novel stem cell therapies. However, improvements in the rigor of manufacturing, study design, and regulatory compliance will be needed to better utilize these models. Stem Cells 2016;34:1709-1729.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Hoffman
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven W Dow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Allenspach
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Olofsson KM, Hjertner B, Fossum C, Press CM, Lindberg R. Expression of T helper type 17 (Th17)-associated cytokines and toll-like receptor 4 and their correlation with Foxp3 positive cells in rectal biopsies of horses with clinical signs of inflammatory bowel disease. Vet J 2015; 206:97-104. [PMID: 26346261 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in horses is an idiopathic disorder, encompassing different types of chronic intestinal inflammation. The pathogenesis of the disease remains to be established, but it has been suggested that an imbalance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (Th17)-associated cytokines and altered toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression is associated with intestinal inflammation in other species. The aim of the present study was to quantify Tregs in rectal biopsies from horses affected with IBD by immunohistochemistry and to evaluate expression of genes encoding interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-17A, IL-23p19 and TLR4 by real-time quantitative PCR. Rectal biopsies from 11 healthy horses and 11 horses with clinical signs of IBD, showing inflammation classified as chronic simple proctitis (CSP) or chronic active simple proctitis (CASP), were evaluated. Expression of IL-17A mRNA was greater in horses affected with CASP compared with horses with CSP or healthy horses. In contrast, expression of IL-12p40 was lower in horses with CSP compared with horses with CASP or healthy horses. TLR4 expression was greater in horses with CASP compared with healthy horses. A positive correlation was seen between the numbers of Tregs and expression of IL-17A and IL-23p19. An association was demonstrated between the histopathological pattern of inflammation, cytokine profile and number of infiltrating Tregs. The research findings suggest that Th17 cells are involved in active IBD, possibly through recruitment of neutrophils via IL-17A, in combination with inadequate suppression of the inflammatory response by Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Olofsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 26, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Bernt Hjertner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 26, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Fossum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 26, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charles M Press
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ronny Lindberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 26, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Igarashi H, Ohno K, Uchida E, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Kanemoto H, Fukushima K, Uchida K, Tsujimoto H. Polymorphisms of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) gene in miniature dachshunds with inflammatory colorectal polyps. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 164:160-9. [PMID: 25746347 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) frequently occur in miniature dachshunds (MDs) in Japan, typically form multiple polyps with severe neutrophil infiltration. ICRPs are speculated as a novel, breed-specific canine inflammatory bowel disease. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play an important role in the differentiation of pathogens from commensal bacteria and food antigens, and polymorphisms of various PRRs have been shown to be associated with human and canine IBD. We recently reported that the reactivity of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2, TLR2, and TLR2/6 are greater in ICRP-affected MDs than that in controls. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PRRs associated with ICRPs in MDs. Mutational analysis of canine NOD2, TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 genes was performed with six ICRP-affected MDs, five control MDs, and five healthy beagles. The mutational analysis identified 13 non-synonymous SNPs in NOD2, TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 genes, of which six SNPs in NOD2 exon 3 were further analyzed in an association study using 63 ICRP-affected MDs, 82 control MDs, and 237 control dogs of various breeds. Four of the SNPs (A1532G, T1573C, C1688G, and G1880A of the NOD2 gene) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and in complete linkage disequilibrium in MDs, and their minor allele frequencies were significantly lower in ICRP-affected MDs than in control MDs (0.016 vs. 0.140, P=0.0002). The calculated inheritance model was an additive model (odds ratio=0.10, 95% confidence interval=0.02-0.45, P=0.0001), which indicates that the haplotype with minor alleles in these SNPs (A, T, C, and G in A1532G, T1573C, C1688G, and G1880A) possess a protective effect regarding the development of ICRPs. However, these SNPs were not specific for MDs, although the minor allele frequencies of these SNPs in control MDs were significantly lower than in other breed dogs. These results suggest that the identified four SNPs (A1532G, T1573C, C1688G, and G1880A in the NOD2 gene) may play a role in the pathogenesis of ICRPs in MDs. Because the majority of MDs and other breed dogs do not have the protective alleles, their absence may not be a specific cause of ICRPs in MDs but rather contribute to the development of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Eri Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanemoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukushima
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee A, Kathrani A, Priestnall S, Smith K, Werling D, Allenspach K. Lack of Correlation between Mucosal Immunoglobulin A-positive Plasma Cell Numbers and TLR5 Genotypes in German Shepherd Dogs with Idiopathic Chronic Enteropathy. J Comp Pathol 2015; 152:201-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|