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Yasir M, Park J, Chun W. EWS/FLI1 Characterization, Activation, Repression, Target Genes and Therapeutic Opportunities in Ewing Sarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15173. [PMID: 37894854 PMCID: PMC10607184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their clonal origins, tumors eventually develop into complex communities made up of phenotypically different cell subpopulations, according to mounting evidence. Tumor cell-intrinsic programming and signals from geographically and temporally changing microenvironments both contribute to this variability. Furthermore, the mutational load is typically lacking in childhood malignancies of adult cancers, and they still exhibit high cellular heterogeneity levels largely mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Ewing sarcomas represent highly aggressive malignancies affecting both bone and soft tissue, primarily afflicting adolescents. Unfortunately, the outlook for patients facing relapsed or metastatic disease is grim. These tumors are primarily fueled by a distinctive fusion event involving an FET protein and an ETS family transcription factor, with the most prevalent fusion being EWS/FLI1. Despite originating from a common driver mutation, Ewing sarcoma cells display significant variations in transcriptional activity, both within and among tumors. Recent research has pinpointed distinct fusion protein activities as a principal source of this heterogeneity, resulting in markedly diverse cellular phenotypes. In this review, we aim to characterize the role of the EWS/FLI fusion protein in Ewing sarcoma by exploring its general mechanism of activation and elucidating its implications for tumor heterogeneity. Additionally, we delve into potential therapeutic opportunities to target this aberrant fusion protein in the context of Ewing sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (J.P.)
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2
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Chai JY, Sugumar V, Alshanon AF, Wong WF, Fung SY, Looi CY. Defining the Role of GLI/Hedgehog Signaling in Chemoresistance: Implications in Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4746. [PMID: 34638233 PMCID: PMC8507559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight into cancer signaling pathways is vital in the development of new cancer treatments to improve treatment efficacy. A relatively new but essential developmental signaling pathway, namely Hedgehog (Hh), has recently emerged as a major mediator of cancer progression and chemoresistance. The evolutionary conserved Hh signaling pathway requires an in-depth understanding of the paradigm of Hh signaling transduction, which is fundamental to provide the necessary means for the design of novel tools for treating cancer related to aberrant Hh signaling. This review will focus substantially on the canonical Hh signaling and the treatment strategies employed in different studies, with special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms and combination treatment in regard to Hh inhibitors and chemotherapeutics. We discuss our views based on Hh signaling's role in regulating DNA repair machinery, autophagy, tumor microenvironment, drug inactivation, transporters, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells to promote chemoresistance. The understanding of this Achilles' Heel in cancer may improve the therapeutic outcome for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yi Chai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Vaisnevee Sugumar
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmed F. Alshanon
- Center of Biotechnology Researches, University of Al-Nahrain, Baghdad 10072, Iraq;
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Shin Yee Fung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
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Sulforaphane inhibits self-renewal of lung cancer stem cells through the modulation of sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway and polyhomeotic homolog 3. AMB Express 2021; 11:121. [PMID: 34424425 PMCID: PMC8382806 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an active compound in cruciferous vegetables, has been characterized by its antiproliferative capacity. We investigated the role and molecular mechanism through which SFN regulates proliferation and self-renewal of lung cancer stem cells. CD133+ cells were isolated with MACs from lung cancer A549 and H460 cells. In this study, we found that SFN inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells and self-renewal of lung cancer stem cells simultaneously. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expressions of Shh, Smo, Gli1 and PHC3 were highly activated in CD133+ lung cancer cells. Compared with siRNA-control group, Knock-down of Shh inhibited proliferation of CD133+ lung cancer cells, and decreased the protein expression of PHC3 in CD133+ lung cancer cells. Knock-down of PHC3 also affected the proliferation and decreased the Shh expression level in CD133+ lung cancer cells. In addition, SFN inhibited the activities of Shh, Smo, Gli1 and PHC3 in CD133+ lung cancer cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of SFN on the proliferation of siRNA-Shh and siRNA-PHC3 cells was weaker than that on the proliferation of siRNA-control cells. Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway might undergo a cross-talk with PHC3 in self-renewal of lung cancer stem cells. SFN might be an effective new drug which could inhibit self-renewal of lung cancer stem cells through the modulation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathways and PHC3. This study could provide a novel way to improve therapeutic efficacy for lung cancer stem cells.
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Jo E, Jang HJ, Shen L, Yang KE, Jang MS, Huh YH, Yoo HS, Park J, Jang IS, Park SJ. Cordyceps militaris Exerts Anticancer Effect on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Inhibiting Hedgehog Signaling via Suppression of TCTN3. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420923756. [PMID: 32456485 PMCID: PMC7265736 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420923756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Cordyceps
militaris extract on the proliferation and apoptosis of non–small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and determine the underlying mechanisms. We
performed a CCK-8 assay to detect cell proliferation, detection of morphological
changes through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), annexin V–FITC/PI double
staining to analyze apoptosis, and immunoblotting to measure the protein
expression of apoptosis and hedgehog signaling–related proteins, with C
militaris treated NSCLC cells. In this study, we first found that
C militaris reduced the viability and induced morphological
disruption in NSCLC cells. The gene expression profiles indicated a
reprogramming pattern of genes and transcription factors associated with the
action of TCTN3 on NSCLC cells. We also confirmed that the C
militaris–induced inhibition of TCTN3 expression affected the
hedgehog signaling pathway. Immunoblotting indicated that C
militaris–mediated TCTN3 downregulation induced apoptosis in NSCLC
cells, involved in the serial activation of caspases. Moreover, we demonstrated
that the C militaris negatively modulated GLI1 transcriptional
activity by suppressing SMO/PTCH1 signaling, which affects the intrinsic
apoptotic pathway. When hedgehog binds to the PTCH1, SMO dissociates from PTCH1
inhibition at cilia. As a result, the active GLI1 translocates to the nucleus.
C militaris clearly suppressed GLI1 nuclear translocation,
leading to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL down-regulation. These results suggested that
C militaris induced NSCLC cell apoptosis, possibly through
the downregulation of SMO/PTCH1 signaling and GLI1 activation via inhibition of
TCTN3. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the treatment of
NSCLC using C militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Jo
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic
of Korea
| | - Lei Shen
- Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of
Korea
| | | | | | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju,
Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Ik Soon Jang
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology,
Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Ik Soon Jang, Division of Bioconvergence
Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon
305-333, Republic of Korea.
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HEDGEHOG/GLI Modulates the PRR11-SKA2 Bidirectional Transcription Unit in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010120. [PMID: 33477943 PMCID: PMC7833434 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that proline-rich protein 11 (PRR11) and spindle and kinetochore associated 2 (SKA2) constituted a head-to-head gene pair driven by a prototypical bidirectional promoter. This gene pair synergistically promoted the development of non-small cell lung cancer. However, the signaling pathways leading to the ectopic expression of this gene pair remains obscure. In the present study, we first analyzed the lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) relevant RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using the correlation analysis of gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), which revealed that the PRR11-SKA2 correlated gene list highly resembled the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation-related gene set. Subsequently, GLI1/2 inhibitor GANT-61 or GLI1/2-siRNA inhibited the Hh pathway of LSCC cells, concomitantly decreasing the expression levels of PRR11 and SKA2. Furthermore, the mRNA expression profile of LSCC cells treated with GANT-61 was detected using RNA sequencing, displaying 397 differentially expressed genes (203 upregulated genes and 194 downregulated genes). Out of them, one gene set, including BIRC5, NCAPG, CCNB2, and BUB1, was involved in cell division and interacted with both PRR11 and SKA2. These genes were verified as the downregulated genes via RT-PCR and their high expression significantly correlated with the shorter overall survival of LSCC patients. Taken together, our results indicate that GLI1/2 mediates the expression of the PRR11-SKA2-centric gene set that serves as an unfavorable prognostic indicator for LSCC patients, potentializing new combinatorial diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in LSCC.
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Chen KY, Chen YJ, Cheng CJ, Jhan KY, Chiu CH, Wang LC. 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde enhance survival of mouse astrocytes treated with Angiostrongylus cantonensis young adults excretory/secretory products. Biomed J 2020; 44:S258-S266. [PMID: 35300947 PMCID: PMC9068576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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Li MJ, Wang X, Chen Y, Li GJ, Zhao GQ, Xiang BQ, Wei XQ, Lei YJ, Huang YC. The influences of TGF-β1 upon the human adenocarcinoma cell of lung A549 and cellular immunity. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1076. [PMID: 33145295 PMCID: PMC7575940 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The cellular immunity of lung cancer patients is mainly the immune response of T cells, which plays an important role in tumour cell killing and immune surveillance. Transforming growth factor 1 (TGF-β1) is secreted by tumour cells that can suppress the immune response and is an important group of immune down-regulation factors. Our study aims to investigate the effect of TGF-β1 on the morphology and cellular immune function of A549 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods A549 cell line was cultured, PBMCs were cultured with different concentrations of TGF-β1, and the morphology of A549 cells and PBMCs were seen. The levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF and the numbers of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, and CD3 CD25 and CD4 CD25 in PBMCs were detected. Results During co-culture of A549 with PBMCs, TGF-β1 can induced A549 showing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, enhanced its ability of migration and infiltration. Simultaneously, TGF-β1 can depressing the growth and proliferation of PBMCs, inhibiting T-cell activation, and accelerating the PBMCs apoptosis. TGF-β1 can inhibits A549 Th1 related-cytokines, enhance Th2 related-cytokines, cause the disorder of Th1/Th2, resulting in the Th1 cellular dominate immunity decline. Conclusions TGF-β1 may affect the secretion of related cytokines, hinder the activation of T lymphocytes, destroy the immune surveillance and killing effect of the body, and thus inhibit the cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jie Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, The International Cooperation Key Laboratory of Regional Tumor in High Altitude Area, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, The International Cooperation Key Laboratory of Regional Tumor in High Altitude Area, Kunming, China
| | - Guang-Jian Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, The International Cooperation Key Laboratory of Regional Tumor in High Altitude Area, Kunming, China
| | - Guang-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, The International Cooperation Key Laboratory of Regional Tumor in High Altitude Area, Kunming, China
| | - Bing-Quan Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, The International Cooperation Key Laboratory of Regional Tumor in High Altitude Area, Kunming, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, The International Cooperation Key Laboratory of Regional Tumor in High Altitude Area, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Jie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, The International Cooperation Key Laboratory of Regional Tumor in High Altitude Area, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-Chao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, The International Cooperation Key Laboratory of Regional Tumor in High Altitude Area, Kunming, China
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Chen KY, Cheng CJ, Cheng CC, Jhan KY, Chen YJ, Wang LC. The excretory/secretory products of fifth-stage larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces autophagy via the Sonic hedgehog pathway in mouse brain astrocytes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008290. [PMID: 32479527 PMCID: PMC7289448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostrongyliasis is induced by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis and leads to eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) are important investigation targets for studying the relationship between hosts and nematodes. These products assist worms in penetrating the blood-brain barrier and avoiding the host immune response. Autophagy is a catabolic process that is responsible for digesting cytoplasmic organelles, proteins, and lipids and removing them through lysosomes. This process is essential to cell survival and homeostasis during nutritional deficiency, cell injury and stress. In this study, we investigated autophagy induction upon treatment with the ESPs of the fifth-stage larvae (L5) of A. cantonensis and observed the relationship between autophagy and the Shh pathway. First, the results showed that A. cantonensis infection induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction and pathological changes in the brain. Moreover, A. cantonensis L5 ESPs stimulated autophagosome formation and the expression of autophagy molecules, such as LC3B, Beclin, and p62. The data showed that upon ESPs treatment, rapamycin elevated cell viability through the activation of the autophagy mechanism in astrocytes. Finally, we found that ESPs induced the activation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway and that the expression of autophagy molecules was increased through the Shh signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that A. cantonensis L5 ESPs stimulate autophagy through the Shh signaling pathway and that autophagy has a protective effect in astrocytes. In helminthes, Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) contains a wide range of molecules, including proteins, lipids, glycans, and nucleic acids, that assist in the penetration of host defensive barriers, reduction of oxidative stress, and avoid the host immune attack. It has been known as a key factor for parasite development, including feeding, invasion and molting. Therefore, ESPs is a valuable target for the investigation of the host-parasite relationships. However, only a few researches about the function of Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis ESPs have been verified to date. Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis, a blood-feeding nematode, and it is an important causative agent of eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in human. Recent our studies have demonstrated that the A. cantonensis ESPs can induce oxidative stress, apoptosis, and immune response. In this study, we will use a mouse astrocytes as a model to investigate the signaling mechanisms of autophagy induction by ESPs treatment. First, the Microarray, Western blotting, and Transmission electron microscopy data demonstrated that A. cantonensis ESPs can induce autophagy generation in astrocytes. Next, ESPs-induced autophagy was activated via Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, and it has a protective potential for astrocytes. These finding will provide new insights into the mechanisms and effects of the A. cantonensis ESPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Jhan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Arsenic trioxide and curcumin attenuate cisplatin-induced renal fibrosis in rats through targeting Hedgehog signaling. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:303-313. [PMID: 31612257 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a progressive process resulting from a sustained injury that may ultimately cause renal failure. Cisplatin is an antitumor drug that induces renal injury and nephrotoxicity and is widely employed as a model for acute and chronic renal injury. Several signaling pathways are implicated in fibrogenic cell activation among which is Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. We here investigated the effects of arsenic trioxide (Ars) and curcumin in ameliorating cisplatin-induced kidney fibrosis via regulating Hh signaling. Cisplatin (4.5 mg/kg) was administered in Sprague-Dawley rats for two consecutive days and renal fibrosis was induced after 21 days. Once renal fibrosis was confirmed, Ars (3.5 mg/kg/day, orally) and curcumin (200 mg/kg/day, orally) were administered daily for another 21 days. Ars and curcumin corrected kidney function markers as creatinine clearance and urea nitrogen. Both agents ameliorated fibrosis as shown by lowered TGF-β1 mRNA levels, α-SMA protein levels, and hydroxylproline content. Cisplatin-activated Hh signaling which was blocked by both Ars and curcumin as demonstrated by decreased mRNA levels of Shh, Smo, and Ptch and suppressed renal Gli1 and Gli2 protein levels. Our results indicate new therapeutic roles for Ars and curcumin and suggest that blocking Hh signaling may be a promising approach for alleviating renal fibrosis. Symbols indicate α-SMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta; Ptch, patched; Smo, smoothened; Shh, sonic hedgehog; Ihh, Indian hedgehog; Dhh, desert hedgehog; and SUFU, suppressor of fused.
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Wei Q, Chen Y, Gu YF, Zhao W. Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor Like 1 in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Physiol 2019; 10:801. [PMID: 31293455 PMCID: PMC6603235 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine zipper transcription factor like 1 (LZTFL1) is a member of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome gene family. LZTFL1-null mice show the phenotype of obesity, retinal degeneration, and abnormal cilia development. Functionally, LZTFL1 serves as a tumor suppressor and a negative regulator in the hedgehog signaling pathways. The biological function of mammalian LZTFL1 is partially addressed, but data on other model organisms are limited. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is widely considered as a powerful model to understand the functions of genes implicated in obesity, disease, and cancer. In this study, LZTFL1 homologs were identified in zebrafish (zebrafish LZTFL1). The full-length cDNA of zebrafish LZTFL1 contained 897 bps encoding 298 amino acids. Zebrafish LZTFL1 displayed conserved domains of coil-coil and leucine zipper domain. PCR results showed that zebrafish LZTFL1 was widely distributed in various tissues. Western blot analysis further revealed that zebrafish LZTFL1 was detected to be ectopically expressed in HeLa cells with correct molecular weight. Fluorescence images showed as well that zebrafish LZTFL1 was localized in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay indicated zebrafish LZTFL1 served as a negative regulator in the hedgehog signaling pathway. These data supported that zebrafish was a good model for understanding the biological roles of LZTFL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wei
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Feng Gu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhe Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Triptonide inhibits lung cancer cell tumorigenicity by selectively attenuating the Shh-Gli1 signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 365:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Xu Q, Fang L, Chen B, Zhang H, Wu Q, Zhang H, Wang A, Tong J, Tao S, Tian H. Radon induced mitochondrial dysfunction in human bronchial epithelial cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition with long-term exposure. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:90-100. [PMID: 30746122 PMCID: PMC6334652 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00181b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Radon is a naturally occurring radionuclide, which has a wide environmental distributed. It emits multiple high linear energy transfer (LET) alpha particles during radiative decay, and has been regarded as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Currently, residential radon exposure is considered as the second highest cause of lung cancer and the leading cause among nonsmokers. Radon exposure leads to genomic instability, which causes the accumulation of multiple genetic changes and leads to cancer development. However, the molecular basis underlying carcinogenesis, especially the radon-induced changes to mitochondria, has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the dynamic changes in mitochondria along with the cell transformations induced by long-term radon exposure. A malignant transformation model of BEAS-2B cells was established with upto 40 times the usual radon exposure (20 000 Bq m-3, 30 min each time every 3 days). Long-term radon exposure induced EMT-like transformation of epithelial cells in our study, evidenced by decrease in epithelial markers and increase in mesenchymal markers, as well as the loss of cell-cell adhesion and alterations to the morphology of cells from compact shape to a spindle shaped, fibroblast-like morphology. Additionally, the proliferation and migration of cells were increased and apoptosis was decreased with long-term radon exposure. Furthermore, mitochondrial function was up-regulated and the levels of oxidative stress were repressed with long-term radon exposure. Our work explored the dynamic changes of mitochondrial in radon induced malignant transformation of lung bronchial epithelial cells, which could partially elucidate the role of mitochondria in radon induced cell malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease , School of Public Health , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China . ; Fax: +86-512-65880070 ; Tel: +86-512-65698540 ; Tel: +86-512-65880070 ; ;
| | - Lijun Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease , School of Public Health , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China . ; Fax: +86-512-65880070 ; Tel: +86-512-65698540 ; Tel: +86-512-65880070 ; ;
| | - Bin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease , School of Public Health , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China . ; Fax: +86-512-65880070 ; Tel: +86-512-65698540 ; Tel: +86-512-65880070 ; ;
- Suzhou Gusu District Center For Disease Prevention And Control , Jiangsu , China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease , School of Public Health , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China . ; Fax: +86-512-65880070 ; Tel: +86-512-65698540 ; Tel: +86-512-65880070 ; ;
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease , School of Public Health , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China . ; Fax: +86-512-65880070 ; Tel: +86-512-65698540 ; Tel: +86-512-65880070 ; ;
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease , School of Public Health , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China . ; Fax: +86-512-65880070 ; Tel: +86-512-65698540 ; Tel: +86-512-65880070 ; ;
- Suzhou Xiangcheng District For Maternal And Child Care Service Centre , Jiangsu , China
| | - Aiqing Wang
- Experimental Center of Medical College , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jian Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease , School of Public Health , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China . ; Fax: +86-512-65880070 ; Tel: +86-512-65698540 ; Tel: +86-512-65880070 ; ;
| | - Shasha Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease , School of Public Health , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China . ; Fax: +86-512-65880070 ; Tel: +86-512-65698540 ; Tel: +86-512-65880070 ; ;
- Experimental Center of Medical College , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Hailin Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease , School of Public Health , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China . ; Fax: +86-512-65880070 ; Tel: +86-512-65698540 ; Tel: +86-512-65880070 ; ;
- Experimental Center of Medical College , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , China
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13
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Mohagheghi S, Khajehahmadi Z, Tavilani H. Signaling in Simple Steatosis and Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Cirrhosis: TGF-β1, YAP/TAZ, and Hedgehog Pathway Activity. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ajmb.2018.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of fat in the liver tissue that is usually associated with metabolic disorders. Traditionally, the disease is regarded as a spectrum of pathological conditions ranging from simple steatosis (SS) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis with progression to cirrhosis. However, so far, there is no available explanation for the disease progression. Several signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, hedgehog (HH), and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) signaling are attributed to the NAFLD pathogenesis. TGF-β1 pathway component expression aligns with HH pathway ligands expression elevate in NASH cirrhosis while they decrease in SS. YAP and TAZ are two transcriptional co-activators from the Hippo signaling pathway. Similarly, the TAZ level (but not YAP1) is higher in NASH cirrhosis compared to SS. In addition, these three signaling pathways have little molecular similarity but their changes are totally similar in SS and NASH cirrhosis. The present review discusses the main changes in the expression of TGF-β, HH, and YAP/TAZ pathway components in SS and NASH cirrhosis. It is hoped that these data provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mohagheghi
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Khajehahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tavilani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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14
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Tsubakihara Y, Moustakas A. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis under the Control of Transforming Growth Factor β. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113672. [PMID: 30463358 PMCID: PMC6274739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of tumor cells from primary sites of malignancy to neighboring stromal tissue or distant localities entails in several instances, but not in every case, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT weakens the strong adhesion forces between differentiated epithelial cells so that carcinoma cells can achieve solitary or collective motility, which makes the EMT an intuitive mechanism for the initiation of tumor metastasis. EMT initiates after primary oncogenic events lead to secondary secretion of cytokines. The interaction between tumor-secreted cytokines and oncogenic stimuli facilitates EMT progression. A classic case of this mechanism is the cooperation between oncogenic Ras and the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The power of TGFβ to mediate EMT during metastasis depends on versatile signaling crosstalk and on the regulation of successive waves of expression of many other cytokines and the progressive remodeling of the extracellular matrix that facilitates motility through basement membranes. Since metastasis involves many organs in the body, whereas EMT affects carcinoma cell differentiation locally, it has frequently been debated whether EMT truly contributes to metastasis. Despite controversies, studies of circulating tumor cells, studies of acquired chemoresistance by metastatic cells, and several (but not all) metastatic animal models, support a link between EMT and metastasis, with TGFβ, often being a common denominator in this link. This article aims at discussing mechanistic cases where TGFβ signaling and EMT facilitate tumor cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Tsubakihara
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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An Y, Adams JR, Hollern DP, Zhao A, Chang SG, Gams MS, Chung PED, He X, Jangra R, Shah JS, Yang J, Beck LA, Raghuram N, Kozma KJ, Loch AJ, Wang W, Fan C, Done SJ, Zacksenhaus E, Guidos CJ, Perou CM, Egan SE. Cdh1 and Pik3ca Mutations Cooperate to Induce Immune-Related Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast. Cell Rep 2018; 25:702-714.e6. [PMID: 30332649 PMCID: PMC6276789 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CDH1 and PIK3CA are the two most frequently mutated genes in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast. Transcription profiling has identified molecular subtypes for ILC, one of which, immune-related (IR), is associated with gene expression linked to lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration. Here, we report that deletion of Cdh1, together with activation of Pik3ca in mammary epithelium of genetically modified mice, leads to formation of IR-ILC-like tumors with immune cell infiltration, as well as gene expression linked to T-regulatory (Treg) cell signaling and activation of targetable immune checkpoint pathways. Interestingly, these tumors show enhanced Rac1- and Yap-dependent transcription and signaling, as well as sensitivity to PI3K, Rac1, and Yap inhibitors in culture. Finally, high-dimensional immunophenotyping in control mouse mammary gland and IR-ILC tumors by mass cytometry shows dramatic alterations in myeloid and lymphoid populations associated with immune suppression and exhaustion, highlighting the potential for therapeutic intervention via immune checkpoint regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji An
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica R Adams
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada
| | - Daniel P Hollern
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anthony Zhao
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen G Chang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miki S Gams
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip E D Chung
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaping He
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rhea Jangra
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada
| | - Juhi S Shah
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada
| | - Joanna Yang
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada
| | - Lauren A Beck
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada
| | - Nandini Raghuram
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katelyn J Kozma
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda J Loch
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan J Done
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and The Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia J Guidos
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Sean E Egan
- Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G-0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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16
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Retraction: Up-Regulation of Sonic Hedgehog Contributes to TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in NSCLC Cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205290. [PMID: 30278090 PMCID: PMC6168148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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17
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Chistiakov DA, Chekhonin VP. Circulating tumor cells and their advances to promote cancer metastasis and relapse, with focus on glioblastoma multiforme. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:166-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Targeting GLI Transcription Factors in Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051003. [PMID: 29695137 PMCID: PMC6100584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been observed in a wide variety of tumors and accounts for more than 25% of human cancer deaths. Inhibitors targeting the Hh signal transducer Smoothened (SMO) are widely used and display a good initial efficacy in patients suffering from basal cell carcinoma (BCC); however, a large number of patients relapse. Though SMO mutations may explain acquired therapy resistance, a growing body of evidence suggests that the non-canonical, SMO-independent activation of the Hh pathway in BCC patients can also account for this adverse effect. In this review, we highlight the importance of glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) transcription factors (the main downstream effectors of the canonical and the non-canonical Hh cascade) and their putative role in the regulation of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Moreover, we discuss the contribution of the Hh signaling to malignant transformation and propose GLIs as central hubs in tumor signaling networks and thus attractive molecular targets in anti-cancer therapies.
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19
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Zhou C, Li J, Lin L, Shu R, Dong B, Cao D, Li Q, Wang Z. A targeted transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) blocker, TTB, inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23102-23113. [PMID: 29796175 PMCID: PMC5955403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) promotes cancer growth in late stage cancers. To inhibit the TGF-β pathway, we investigated a tumor-targeting TGF-β receptor blocker, TTB, and its role in tumor progress. The targeted TTB comprised of the extracellular domain of the TGF-β receptor II, the endoglin domain of TGF-β receptor III, and the human immuno-globin IgG1 constant fragment (Fc). To enhance tumor microenvironment targeting, a RGD peptide was fused at the N-terminal of TTB. The targeted TTB exhibited potent TGF-β neutralization activities, and inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion as well as colony formation. In xenograft models, the TTB had potent tumor inhibition activities. The TTB also attenuated the TGF-β1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation and epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and suppressed breast cancer metastasis. Thus, the TTB is an effective TGF-β blocker with a potential for blocking excessive TGF-β induced pathogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Limin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Shu
- Ying Rui Inc., Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510009, China
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510009, China
| | - Donglin Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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20
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Yang HJ, Liu GL, Liu B, Liu T. GP73 promotes invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer by regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the TGF-β1/Smad2 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1650-1665. [PMID: 29349903 PMCID: PMC5824402 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Golgi membrane protein 73 (GP73) on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and on bladder cancer cell invasion and metastasis through the TGF-β1/Smad2 signalling pathway. Paired bladder cancer and adjacent tissue samples (102) and normal bladder tissue samples (106) were obtained. Bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637, RT4, 253J and J82) were selected and assigned to blank, negative control (NC), TGF-β, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), TGF-β1+ TSP-1, GP73-siRNA-1, GP73-siRNA-2, GP73-siRNA-1+ TSP-1, GP73-siRNA-1+ pcDNA-GP73, WT1-siRNA and WT1-siRNA + GP73-siRNA-1 groups. Expressions of GP73, TGF-β1, Smad2, p-Smad2, E-cadherin and vimentin were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined using MTT assay, scratch testing and Transwell assay, respectively. Compared with the blank and NC groups, levels of GP73, TGF-β1, Smad2, p-Smad2, N-cadherin and vimentin decreased, and levels of WT1 and E-cadherin increased in the GP73-siRNA-1 and GP73-siRNA-2 groups, while the opposite results were observed in the WT1 siRNA, TGF-β, TSP-1 and TGF-β + TSP-1 groups. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion notably decreased in the GP73-siRNA-1 and GP73-siRNA-2 groups in comparison with the blank and NC groups, while in the WT1 siRNA, TGF-β, TSP-1 and TGF-β + TSP-1 groups, cell migration, invasion and proliferation showed the reduction after the EMT. These results suggest that GP73 promotes bladder cancer invasion and metastasis by inducing the EMT through down-regulating WT1 levels and activating the TGF-β1/Smad2 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jie Yang
- Department of Urology, Pingxiang Affiliated, Southern Medical University, Pingxiang, China
| | - Ge-Liang Liu
- Department of Urology, Pingxiang Affiliated, Southern Medical University, Pingxiang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya 2nd Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Tewari AK, Stockert JA, Yadav SS, Yadav KK, Khan I. Inflammation and Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1095:41-65. [PMID: 30229548 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95693-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation resulting from infections, altered metabolism, inflammatory diseases or other environmental factors can be a major contributor to the development of several types of cancer. In fact around 20% of all cancers are linked to some form of inflammation. Evidence gathered from genetic, epidemiological and molecular pathological studies suggest that inflammation plays a crucial role at various stages of prostatic carcinogenesis and tumor progression. These include initiation, promotion, malignant conversion, invasion, and metastasis. Detailed basic and clinical research in these areas, focused towards understanding the etiology of prostatic inflammation, as well as the exact roles that various signaling pathways play in promoting tumor growth, is critical for understanding this complex process. The information gained would be useful in developing novel therapeutic strategies such as molecular targeting of inflammatory mediators and immunotherapy-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Stockert
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Shalini S Yadav
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Kamlesh K Yadav
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Irtaza Khan
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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22
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Wang F, Wang W, Li J, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang M. Sulforaphane reverses gefitinib tolerance in human lung cancer cells via modulation of sonic hedgehog signaling. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:109-114. [PMID: 29285189 PMCID: PMC5738694 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib is a targeted anticancer drug that was developed as an effective clinical therapy for lung cancer. Numerous patients develop gefitinib resistance in response to treatment. Sulforaphane (SFN) is present in cruciferous vegetables, and has been demonstrated to inhibit the malignant growth of various types of cancer cells. To investigate the role of SFN in gefitinib resistance, a gefitinib-tolerant PC9 (PC9GT) cell model was established by continually exposing PC9 cells to gefitinib. Cell viability was measured using a cell proliferation assay. Components of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway and markers of lung cancer stem cells were detected via western blotting. SFN markedly inhibited the proliferation of PC9GT and PC9 cells in a dose-dependent manner; combination SFN/gefitinib treatment also markedly decreased PC9GT cell proliferation, compared with SFN or gefitinib administered alone (P<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of SHH, Smoothened (SMO), zinc finger protein GLI1 (GLI1), GLI2, CD133 and CD44 were upregulated in PC9GT cells, as compared with in PC9 cells. Furthermore, SFN markedly inhibited the expression of SHH, SMO and GLI1 in PC9GT and PC9 cells in a dose dependent manner, and SFN combined with gefitinib markedly inhibited the expression of SHH, SMO, GLI1, CD133 and CD44 in PC9GT cells when compared with SFN or gefitinib monotherapy. The results of the present study demonstrated that SFN inhibits the proliferation of gefitinib-tolerant lung cancer cells via modulation of the SHH signaling pathway. Therefore, combined SFN and gefitinib therapy may be an effective approach for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine in Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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23
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Shao J, Zheng G, Chen H, Liu J, Xu A, Chen F, Li T, Lu Y, Xu J, Zheng N, Jia L. Metapristone (RU486 metabolite) suppresses NSCLC by targeting EGFR-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78351-78364. [PMID: 29108234 PMCID: PMC5667967 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can effectively treat with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but NSCLC's drug resistance makes it intractable. Herein, we showed that RU486 metabolite metapristone inhibited the proliferation of various NSCLC cell lines with either wild (A549, H1299, H520) or mutated EGFR (H1975, HCC827). The suppression was resulted from inhibition by metapristone of EGFR signaling pathways through down-regulating the EGFR, PTEN, as well as AKT and ERK proteins. In addition, metapristone inhibited anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2, and activated pro-apoptotic key signaling proteins caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Metapristone induced A549 and H1975 cell cycle via arrest at the G0-G1 stage. What's more, metapristone inhibited the growth of NSCLC xenografts in BALB/c nude mice through decreasing the expression of tumor growth biomarkers PCNA and EGFR. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that metapristone suppressed NSCLC proliferation by promoting apoptosis via decrease the cellular EGFR-mediated PI3K/AKT pathways. The results suggest metapristone a new treatment for EGFR-overexpressed NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Shao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guirong Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongning Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Aixiao Xu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tao Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ning Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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24
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Chen KY, Wang LC. Stimulation of IL-1β and IL-6 through NF-κB and sonic hedgehog-dependent pathways in mouse astrocytes by excretory/secretory products of fifth-stage larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:445. [PMID: 28950910 PMCID: PMC5615811 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important causative agent of eosinophilic meningitis and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. Previous studies have shown that the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway may reduce cell apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress in A. cantonensis infection. In this study, we investigated the relationship between cytokine secretion and Shh pathway activation after treatment with excretory/secretory products (ESP) of fifth-stage larval A. cantonensis (L5). RESULTS The results showed that IL-1β and IL-6 levels in mouse astrocytes were increased. Moreover, ESP stimulated the protein expression of Shh pathway molecules, including Shh, Ptch, Smo and Gli-1, and induced IL-1β and IL-6 secretion. The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays an important role in inflammation, and it regulates the expression of proinflammatory genes, including cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α. After ESP treatment, NF-κB induced IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in astrocytes by activating the Shh signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data presented in this study showed that ESP of fifth-stage larval A. cantonensis stimulates astrocyte activation and cytokine generation through NF-κB and the Shh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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25
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An L, Li DD, Chu HX, Zhang Q, Wang CL, Fan YH, Song Q, Ma HD, Feng F, Zhao QC. Terfenadine combined with epirubicin impedes the chemo-resistant human non-small cell lung cancer both in vitro and in vivo through EMT and Notch reversal. Pharmacol Res 2017; 124:105-115. [PMID: 28754458 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The acquired resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to taxanes eventually leads to the recurrence and metastasis of tumours. Thus, the development of therapeutic strategies based on the mechanisms by which cells acquire resistance to prolong their survival rate in chemotherapy drug treatment failure patients are warranted. In this study, we found that the resistant cells acquired increased migratory and invasive capabilities, and this transformation was correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Notch pathway deregulation in the resistant cells. Finally, we reported for the first time that terfenadine augmented the effect of epirubicin (EPI) better than Taxol and cisplatin (DDP) by inhibiting migration, invasion, and the EMT phenotype, and the combination therapy also reversed Notch signalling pathway and enhanced the accumulation of fluorescent P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (Rh123). Similar activities of terfenadine on EPI were observed in xenografts. All of our results confirmed that terfenadine combined with EPI synergistically inhibits the growth and metastatic processes of resistant cells both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, terfenadine or its derivatives are a promising approach for the clinical challenge of resistance in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Xiao Chu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Hua Fan
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Da Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, The 302nd Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China.
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26
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Bai Y, Wu C, Hong W, Zhang X, Liu L, Chen B. Anti‑fibrotic effect of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract in kidneys via the hedgehog signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:737-745. [PMID: 28560403 PMCID: PMC5482200 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SSBE) is a perennial plant widely distributed in Asian countries, and its extract is traditionally used for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated that SSBE has marked renal anti-fibrotic effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The present study identified that SSBE exerts its inhibitory effect on the myofibroblast phenotype and renal fibrosis via the hedgehog signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. In rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), SSBE administration reduced kidney injury and alleviated interstitial fibrosis by decreasing the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and its receptor, and inhibiting excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including type I and III collagens. In addition, SSBE suppressed the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and this anti-proliferative activity was associated with downregulation of hedgehog signaling activity in SSBE-treated UUO kidneys. In cultured renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), recombinant TGF-β1 activated hedgehog signaling, and resulted in induction of the myofibroblast phenotype. SSBE treatment inhibited the activation of hedgehog signaling and partially reversed the fibrotic phenotype in TGF-β1-treated RTECs. Similarly, aristolochic acid-mediated upregulated activity of hedgehog signaling was reduced by SSBE treatment, and thereby led to the abolishment of excessive ECM accumulation. Therefore, these findings suggested that SSBE attenuates the myofibroblast phenotype and renal fibrosis via suppressing the hedgehog signaling pathway, and may facilitate the development of treatments for kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Cunzao Wu
- Department of Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Leping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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27
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Antognelli C, Ferri I, Bellezza G, Siccu P, Love HD, Talesa VN, Sidoni A. Glyoxalase 2 drives tumorigenesis in human prostate cells in a mechanism involving androgen receptor and p53-p21 axis. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2112-2126. [PMID: 28470764 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxalase 2 (Glo2), a metabolic enzyme, is overexpressed in some human cancers which suggests this enzyme may play a role in human tumorigenesis. In prostate cancer (PCa), the role of Glo2 has been scarcely investigated and there are no studies addressing a causative involvement of this protein in this neoplasia. Here, we examined the immunohistochemical profile of Glo2 in human PCa and benign adjacent tissues and investigated Glo2 involvement in PCa development in human prostate cell lines. PCa and matched adjacent normal tissues were obtained from paraffin sections of primary PCa from 20 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy. Histopathological diagnosis was confirmed for each sample. Glo2 expression analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry in prostate tissues, and by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting in prostate cell lines. The causative and mechanistic role of Glo2 in prostate tumorigenesis was demonstrated by Glo2 ectopic expression/silencing and employing specific activators/inhibitors. Our results showed that Glo2 was selectively expressed in PCa but not in the luminal compartment of the adjacent benign epithelium consistently in all the examined 20 cases. Glo2 expression in PCa was dependent on androgen receptor (AR) and was aimed at stimulating cell proliferation and eluding apoptosis through a mechanism involving the p53-p21 axis. Glo2 was intensely expressed in the basal cells of benign glands but was not involved in PCa genesis. Our results demonstrate for the first time that Glo2 drives prostate tumorigenesis and suggest that it may represent a novel adjuvant marker in the pathological diagnosis of early PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Division of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Siccu
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Harold D Love
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vincenzo N Talesa
- Division of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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28
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Shao JB, Gao ZM, Huang WY, Lu ZB. The mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β1 in neuroblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1623-1633. [PMID: 28393230 PMCID: PMC5403264 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the second most common extracranial malignant solid tumor that occurs in childhood, and metastasis is one of the major causes of death in neuroblastoma patients. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism for both the initiation of tumor invasion and subsequent metastasis. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanism by which transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induces EMT in human neuroblastoma cells. Using quantitative RT-qPCR and western blot analyses, we found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin were significantly decreased, whereas that of α-SMA was significantly increased after neuroblastoma cells were treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1. A scratch test and Transwell migration assay revealed that cell migration significantly and directly correlated with the concentration of TGF-β1 indicating that TGF-β1 induced EMT in neuroblastoma cells and led to their migration. Inhibiting Smad2/3 expression did not affect the expression of the key molecules involved in EMT. Further investigation found that the expression of the glioblastoma transcription factor (Gli) significantly increased in TGF-β1-stimulated neuroblastoma cells undergoing EMT, accordingly, interfering with Gli1/2 expression inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT in neuroblastoma cells. GANT61, which is a targeted inhibitor of Gli1 and Gli2, decreased cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis. Thus, TGF-β1 induced EMT in neuroblastoma cells to increase their migration. Specifically, EMT induced by TGF-β1 in neuroblastoma cells did not depend on the Smad signaling pathway, and the transcription factor Gli participated in TGF-β1-induced EMT independent of Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Shao
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Mei Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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29
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Talesa VN, Ferri I, Bellezza G, Love HD, Sidoni A, Antognelli C. Glyoxalase 2 Is Involved in Human Prostate Cancer Progression as Part of a Mechanism Driven By PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling With Involvement of PKM2 and ERα. Prostate 2017; 77:196-210. [PMID: 27696457 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyoxalase 2 (Glo2), together with glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), forms the main scavenging system of methylglyoxal, a potent pro-apoptotic agent mainly generated by glycolysis. An increased rate of glycolysis is a well known signature of cancer cells. As a survival strategy, Glo1 is overexpressed in many human malignant cells, including prostate cancer (PCa), where it plays a crucial role in progression. No information is available on the role of Glo2 in the same ambit. PCa is the most common malignancy affecting men in the western world. Progression to a lethal hormone-refractory PCa represents the major concern in this pathology. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PCa invasiveness and metastasis is urgently needed in order to develop novel therapeutic targets for this incurable state of the malignancy. METHODS Glo2 and Glo1 expression was examined in clinical samples of PCa by immunohistochemistry and in different PCa cell models by western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene silencing/overexpression and scavenging/inhibitory agents were used for functional analyses. RESULTS We demonstrated that Glo2, together with Glo1, represents a novel mechanism in PCa progression as part of a pathway driven by PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling with involvement of PKM2 and ERα. Importantly, Glo1/Glo2 silencing did not alter the behavior of benign cells. CONCLUSIONS Targeting glyoxalases metabolic pathway may represent a strategy to selectively inhibit advanced PCa. Prostate 77:196-210, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo N Talesa
- Division of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Harold D Love
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Division of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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30
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Didiasova M, Singh R, Wilhelm J, Kwapiszewska G, Wujak L, Zakrzewicz D, Schaefer L, Markart P, Seeger W, Lauth M, Wygrecka M. Pirfenidone exerts antifibrotic effects through inhibition of GLI transcription factors. FASEB J 2017; 31:1916-1928. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600892rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Didiasova
- Department of BiochemistryUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung CenterGiessenGermany
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)Center for Tumor Biology and ImmunologyPhilipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung CenterGiessenGermany
- German Center for Lung ResearchJustus‐Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | | | - Lukasz Wujak
- Department of BiochemistryUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung CenterGiessenGermany
| | - Dariusz Zakrzewicz
- Department of BiochemistryUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung CenterGiessenGermany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyGoethe University School of MedicineFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Philipp Markart
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung CenterGiessenGermany
- German Center for Lung ResearchJustus‐Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung CenterGiessenGermany
- German Center for Lung ResearchJustus‐Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)Center for Tumor Biology and ImmunologyPhilipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of BiochemistryUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung CenterGiessenGermany
- German Center for Lung ResearchJustus‐Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
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31
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Li H, Batth IS, Qu X, Xu L, Song N, Wang R, Liu Y. IGF-IR signaling in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and targeting IGF-IR therapy: overview and new insights. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:6. [PMID: 28137302 PMCID: PMC5282886 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and contributes to metastasis and drug resistance in several subtypes of tumors. In preclinical studies, targeting of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) showed promising anti-tumor effects. Unfortunately, high expectations for anti-IGF-IR therapy encountered challenge and disappointment in numerous clinical trials. This review summarizes the regulation of EMT by IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling pathway and drug resistance mechanisms of targeting IGF-IR therapy. Most importantly, we address several factors in the regulation of IGF-I/IGF-IR-associated EMT progression that may be potential predictive biomarkers in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Izhar Singh Batth
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China.
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The Hedgehog Signaling Networks in Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms and Roles in Tumor Progression and Implications for Cancer Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7969286. [PMID: 28105432 PMCID: PMC5220431 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7969286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is classified into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several gene mutations that contribute to aberrant cell proliferation have been identified in lung adenocarcinoma, a part of NSCLC. Various anticancer drugs that target these mutated molecules have been developed for NSCLC treatment. However, although molecularly targeted drugs are initially effective for patients, the 5-year survival rate remains low because of tumor relapse. Therefore, more effective drugs for lung cancer treatment should be developed. The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway contributes to organ development and stem cell maintenance, and aberrant activation of this signaling pathway is observed in various cancers including lung cancer. In lung cancer, HH signaling pathway upregulates cancer cell proliferation and maintains cancer stem cells as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Furthermore, physical contact between CAFs and NSCLC cells induces HH signaling pathway activation in NSCLC cells to enhance their metastatic potential. Therefore, HH signaling pathway inhibitors could be a useful option for lung cancer therapy.
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Metformin increases antitumor activity of MEK inhibitors through GLI1 downregulation in LKB1 positive human NSCLC cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4265-78. [PMID: 26673006 PMCID: PMC4826204 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metformin, widely used as antidiabetic drug, showed antitumoral effects expecially in combination with chemotherapy. Our group recently has demonstrated that metformin and gefitinib are synergistic in LKB1-wild-type NSCLC cells. In these models, metformin as single agent induced an activation and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (MAPK) through an increased C-RAF/B-RAF heterodimerization. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Since single agent metformin enhances proliferating signals through the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway, and several MEK inhibitors (MEK-I) demonstrated clinical efficacy in combination with other agents in NSCLC, we tested the effects of metformin plus MEK-I (selumetinib or pimasertib) on proliferation, invasiveness, migration abilities in vitro and in vivo in LKB1 positive NSCLC models harboring KRAS wild type and mutated gene. RESULTS The combination of metformin with MEK-I showed a strong anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effect in Calu-3, H1299, H358 and H1975 human NSCLC cell lines, independently from the KRAS mutational status. The combination reduced the metastatic behaviour of NSCLC cells, via a downregulation of GLI1 trascritional activity, thus affecting the transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. Metformin and MEK-Is combinations also decreased the production and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by reducing the NF-jB (p65) binding to MMP-2 and MMP-9 promoters. CONCLUSIONS Metformin potentiates the antitumor activity of MEK-Is in human LKB1-wild-type NSCLC cell lines, independently from the KRAS mutational status, through GLI1 downregulation and by reducing the NF-jB (p65)-mediated transcription of MMP-2 and MMP-9.
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Liang R, Šumová B, Cordazzo C, Mallano T, Zhang Y, Wohlfahrt T, Dees C, Ramming A, Krasowska D, Michalska-Jakubus M, Distler O, Schett G, Šenolt L, Distler JHW. The transcription factor GLI2 as a downstream mediator of transforming growth factor-β-induced fibroblast activation in SSc. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:756-764. [PMID: 27793816 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hedgehog signalling plays a critical role during the pathogenesis of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Besides canonical hedgehog signalling with smoothened (SMO)-dependent activation of GLI transcription factors, GLI can be activated independently of classical hedgehog ligands and receptors (so-called non-canonical pathways). Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of non-canonical hedgehog signalling in SSc and to test the efficacy of direct GLI inhibitors that target simultaneously canonical and non-canonical hedgehog pathways. METHODS The GLI inhibitor GANT-61 was used to inhibit canonical as well as non-canonical hedgehog signalling, while the SMO inhibitor vismodegib was used to selectively target canonical hedgehog signalling. Furthermore, GLI2 was selectively depleted in fibroblasts using the Cre-LoxP system. The effects of pharmacological or genetic of GLI2 on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling were analysed in cultured fibroblasts, in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and in mice with overexpression of a constitutively active TGF-β receptor I. RESULTS TGF-β upregulated GLI2 in a Smad3-dependent manner and induced nuclear accumulation and DNA binding of GLI2. Fibroblast-specific knockout of GLI2 protected mice from TBRact-induced fibrosis. Combined targeting of canonical and non-canonical hedgehog signalling with direct GLI inhibitors exerted more potent antifibrotic effects than selective targeting of canonical hedgehog signalling with SMO inhibitors in experimental dermal and pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hedgehog pathways and TGF-β signalling both converge to GLI2 and that GLI2 integrates those signalling to promote tissue fibrosis. These findings may have translational implications as non-selective inhibitors of GLI2 are in clinical use and selective molecules are currently in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbora Šumová
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cinzia Cordazzo
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Dipartimento Cardiotoracico e Vascolare, Laboratory of Respiratory Cell Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tatjana Mallano
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wohlfahrt
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clara Dees
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Oliver Distler
- Rheumaklinik, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ladislav Šenolt
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Lu H, Chen B, Hong W, Liang Y, Bai Y. Transforming growth factor-β1 stimulates hedgehog signaling to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition after kidney injury. FEBS J 2016; 283:3771-3790. [PMID: 27579669 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; China
| | - Weilong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; China
| | - Yong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; China
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Moustakas A, Heldin CH. Mechanisms of TGFβ-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5070063. [PMID: 27367735 PMCID: PMC4961994 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5070063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transitory phenotypic changes such as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) help embryonic cells to generate migratory descendants that populate new sites and establish the distinct tissues in the developing embryo. The mesenchymal descendants of diverse epithelia also participate in the wound healing response of adult tissues, and facilitate the progression of cancer. EMT can be induced by several extracellular cues in the microenvironment of a given epithelial tissue. One such cue, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), prominently induces EMT via a group of specific transcription factors. The potency of TGFβ is partly based on its ability to perform two parallel molecular functions, i.e. to induce the expression of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, which sequentially and in a complementary manner help to establish and maintain the EMT, and to mediate signaling crosstalk with other developmental signaling pathways, thus promoting changes in cell differentiation. The molecules that are activated by TGFβ signaling or act as cooperating partners of this pathway are impossible to exhaust within a single coherent and contemporary report. Here, we present selected examples to illustrate the key principles of the circuits that control EMT under the influence of TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Leung AWY, Hung SS, Backstrom I, Ricaurte D, Kwok B, Poon S, McKinney S, Segovia R, Rawji J, Qadir MA, Aparicio S, Stirling PC, Steidl C, Bally MB. Combined Use of Gene Expression Modeling and siRNA Screening Identifies Genes and Pathways Which Enhance the Activity of Cisplatin When Added at No Effect Levels to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150675. [PMID: 26938915 PMCID: PMC4777418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based combination chemotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While cisplatin is effective, its use is not curative and resistance often emerges. As a consequence of microenvironmental heterogeneity, many tumour cells are exposed to sub-lethal doses of cisplatin. Further, genomic heterogeneity and unique tumor cell sub-populations with reduced sensitivities to cisplatin play a role in its effectiveness within a site of tumor growth. Being exposed to sub-lethal doses will induce changes in gene expression that contribute to the tumour cell’s ability to survive and eventually contribute to the selective pressures leading to cisplatin resistance. Such changes in gene expression, therefore, may contribute to cytoprotective mechanisms. Here, we report on studies designed to uncover how tumour cells respond to sub-lethal doses of cisplatin. A microarray study revealed changes in gene expressions that occurred when A549 cells were exposed to a no-observed-effect level (NOEL) of cisplatin (e.g. the IC10). These data were integrated with results from a genome-wide siRNA screen looking for novel therapeutic targets that when inhibited transformed a NOEL of cisplatin into one that induced significant increases in lethality. Pathway analyses were performed to identify pathways that could be targeted to enhance cisplatin activity. We found that over 100 genes were differentially expressed when A549 cells were exposed to a NOEL of cisplatin. Pathways associated with apoptosis and DNA repair were activated. The siRNA screen revealed the importance of the hedgehog, cell cycle regulation, and insulin action pathways in A549 cell survival and response to cisplatin treatment. Results from both datasets suggest that RRM2B, CABYR, ALDH3A1, and FHL2 could be further explored as cisplatin-enhancing gene targets. Finally, pathways involved in repairing double-strand DNA breaks and INO80 chromatin remodeling were enriched in both datasets, warranting further research into combinations of cisplatin and therapeutics targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada W. Y. Leung
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Stacy S. Hung
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancers, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Backstrom
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Ricaurte
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Kwok
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven Poon
- Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven McKinney
- Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Romulo Segovia
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jenna Rawji
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohammed A. Qadir
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancers, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marcel B. Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Antognelli C, Gambelunghe A, Muzi G, Talesa VN. Glyoxalase I drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via argpyrimidine-modified Hsp70, miR-21 and SMAD signalling in human bronchial cells BEAS-2B chronically exposed to crystalline silica Min-U-Sil 5: Transformation into a neoplastic-like phenotype. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 92:110-125. [PMID: 26784015 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (Glo1) is the main scavenging enzyme of methylglyoxal (MG), a potent precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are known to control multiple biological processes, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a multistep phenomenon associated with cell transformation, playing a major role in a variety of diseases, including cancer. Crystalline silica is a well-known occupational health hazard, responsible for a great number of human pulmonary diseases, such as silicosis. There is still much debate concerning the carcinogenic role of crystalline silica, mainly due to the lack of a causal demonstration between silica exposure and carcinogenesis. It has been suggested that EMT might play a role in crystalline silica-induced lung neoplastic transformation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and by means of which mechanism, the antiglycation defence Glo1 is involved in Min-U-Sil 5 (MS5) crystalline silica-induced EMT in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells chronically exposed, and whether this is associated with the beginning of a neoplastic-like transformation process. By using gene silencing/overexpression and scavenging/inhibitory agents, we demonstrated that MS5 induced hydrogen peroxide-mediated c-Jun-dependent Glo1 up-regulation which resulted in a decrease in the Argpyrimidine-modified Hsp70 protein level which triggered EMT in a novel mechanism involving miR-21 and SMAD signalling. The observed EMT was associated with a neoplastic-like phenotype. The results obtained provide a causal in vitro demonstration of the MS5 pro-carcinogenic transforming role and more importantly they provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in this process, thus opening new paths in research concerning the in vivo study of the carcinogenic potential of crystalline silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Angela Gambelunghe
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
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Chang KJ, Yang MH, Zheng JC, Li B, Nie W. Arsenic trioxide inhibits cancer stem-like cells via down-regulation of Gli1 in lung cancer. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1133-1143. [PMID: 27158399 PMCID: PMC4846956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the tumorigenesis and recurrence, so targeting CSCs is a potential effective method to cure cancers. Activated Hedgehog signaling pathway has been proved to be implicated in the maintenance of self-renewal of CSCs, and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been reported to inhibit Gli1, a key transcription factor of Hedgehog pathway. In this study, we evaluated whether As2O3 has inhibitory effects on cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) in lung cancer and further explored the possible mechanism. CCK8 assay and colony formation assay were performed to demonstrate the ability of As2O3 to inhibit the growth of NCI-H460 and NCI-H446 cells, which represented non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), respectively. Tumor sphere formation assay was carried out to evaluate the effects of As2O3 on stem cell-like subpopulations. The expression of stem cell biomarkers CD133 and stem cell transcription factors such as Sox2 and Oct4 were detected. Moreover, the effects of As2O3 on expression of Gli1 and its target genes were observed. We found that As2O3 inhibited the cell proliferation and reduced the colony formation ability. Importantly, As2O3 decreased the formation of tumor spheres. The expression of stem cell biomarker CD133 and stem cell transcription factors such as Sox2 and Oct4 were markedly reduced by As2O3 treatment. Furthermore, As2O3 decreased the expression of Gli1, N-myc and GAS1. Our results suggested that As2O3 is a promising agent to inhibit CSLCs in lung cancer. In addition, the mechanism of CSLCs inhibition might involve Gli1 down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jie Chang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Meng-Hang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
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HPIP promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion through regulation of the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 77:176-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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41
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Luo HS, Zhan T, Huang XD. Relationship between Hedgehog signaling pathway and pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:75-80. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway consists of ligands such as Hh, receptor (patched), transmembrane protein Smo, nuclear transcription factor Gli, and downstream target genes. This pathway plays an important role in cell differentiation, tissue development and organ formation in the embryonic stage. In recent years, the Hh signaling pathway has been reported to play an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer. It can induce differentiation, proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Blocking the Hh signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells will provide a new and effective method for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we will summarize the composition of the Hh signaling pathway and its relationship with the development of pancreatic cancer.
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42
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Latchoumycandane C, Hanouneh M, Nagy LE, McIntyre TM. Inflammatory PAF Receptor Signaling Initiates Hedgehog Signaling and Kidney Fibrogenesis During Ethanol Consumption. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145691. [PMID: 26720402 PMCID: PMC4697844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation either resolves or proceeds to fibrotic repair that replaces functional tissue. Pro-fibrotic hedgehog signaling and induction of its Gli transcription factor in pericytes induces fibrosis in kidney, but molecular instructions connecting inflammation to fibrosis are opaque. We show acute kidney inflammation resulting from chronic ingestion of the common xenobiotic ethanol initiates Gli1 transcription and hedgehog synthesis in kidney pericytes, and promotes renal fibrosis. Ethanol ingestion stimulated transcription of TGF-ß, collagens I and IV, and alpha-smooth muscle actin with accumulation of these proteins. This was accompanied by deposition of extracellular fibrils. Ethanol catabolism by CYP2E1 in kidney generates local reactive oxygen species that oxidize cellular phospholipids to phospholipid products that activate the Platelet-activating Factor receptor (PTAFR) for inflammatory phospholipids. Genetically deleting this ptafr locus abolished accumulation of mRNA for TGF-ß, collagen IV, and α-smooth muscle actin. Loss of PTAFR also abolished ethanol-stimulated Sonic (Shh) and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) expression, and abolished transcription and accumulation of Gli1. Shh induced in pericytes and Ihh in tubules escaped to urine of ethanol-fed mice. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) is required for ethanol-induced kidney inflammation, and Shh was not present in kidney or urine of mpo-/- mice. Shh also was present in urine of patients with acute kidney injury, but not in normal individuals or those with fibrotic liver cirrhosis We conclude neither endogenous PTAFR signaling nor CYP2E1-generated radicals alone are sufficient to initiate hedgehog signaling, but instead PTAFR-dependent neutrophil infiltration with myeloperoxidase activation is necessary to initiate ethanol-induced fibrosis in kidney. We also show fibrogenic mediators escape to urine, defining a new class of urinary mechanistic biomarkers of fibrogenesis for an organ not commonly biopsied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calivarathan Latchoumycandane
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mohamad Hanouneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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43
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Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Lung Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 890:37-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24932-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Leon G, MacDonagh L, Finn SP, Cuffe S, Barr MP. Cancer stem cells in drug resistant lung cancer: Targeting cell surface markers and signaling pathways. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 158:71-90. [PMID: 26706243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite advances in anti-cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies, five-year survival rates remain poor (<15%). Inherent and acquired resistance has been identified as a key factor in reducing the efficacy of current cytotoxic therapies in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There is growing evidence suggesting that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in tumor progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Similar to normal tissue stem cells, CSCs exhibit significant phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. While CSCs have been reported in a wide spectrum of human tumors, the biology of CSCs in NSCLC remain elusive. Current anti-cancer therapies fail to eradicate CSC clones and instead, favor the expansion of the CSC pool and select for resistant CSC clones thereby resulting in treatment resistance and subsequent relapse in these patients. The identification of CSC-specific marker subsets and the targeted therapeutic destruction of CSCs remains a significant challenge. Strategies aimed at efficient targeting of CSCs are becoming increasingly important for monitoring the progress of cancer therapy and for evaluating new therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the current knowledge of cancer stem cell markers in treatment-resistant lung cancer cells and the signaling cascades activated by these cells to maintain their stem-like properties. Recent progress in CSC-targeted drug development and the current status of novel agents in clinical trials are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Leon
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lauren MacDonagh
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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45
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Choe C, Shin YS, Kim C, Choi SJ, Lee J, Kim SY, Cho YB, Kim J. Crosstalk with cancer-associated fibroblasts induces resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3665-78. [PMID: 26676152 PMCID: PMC4676617 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s89659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lung cancers with activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are highly sensitive to selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), these tumors invariably develop acquired drug resistance. Host stromal cells have been found to have a considerable effect on the sensitivity of cancer cells to EGFR TKIs. Little is known, however, about the signaling mechanisms through which stromal cells contribute to the response to EGFR TKI in non-small cell lung cancer. This work examined the role of hedgehog signaling in cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-mediated resistance of lung cancer cells to the EGFR TKI erlotinib. PC9 cells, non-small cell lung cancer cells with EGFR-activating mutations, became resistant to the EGFR TKI erlotinib when cocultured in vitro with CAFs. Polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical assays showed that CAFs induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype in PC9 cells, with an associated change in the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition marker proteins including vimentin. Importantly, CAFs induce upregulation of the 7-transmembrane protein smoothened, the central signal transducer of hedgehog, suggesting that the hedgehog signaling pathway is active in CAF-mediated drug resistance. Indeed, downregulation of smoothened activity with the smoothened antagonist cyclopamine induces remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton independently of Gli-mediated transcriptional activity in PC9 cells. These findings indicate that crosstalk with CAFs plays a critical role in resistance of lung cancer to EGFR TKIs through induction of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and may be an ideal therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungyoul Choe
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Shin
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Choi
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseon Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhingook Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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46
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Srivastava RK, Kaylani SZ, Edrees N, Li C, Talwelkar SS, Xu J, Palle K, Pressey JG, Athar M. GLI inhibitor GANT-61 diminishes embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma growth by inhibiting Shh/AKT-mTOR axis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12151-65. [PMID: 25432075 PMCID: PMC4322980 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) typically arises from skeletal muscle. Currently, RMS in patients with recurrent and metastatic disease have no successful treatment. The molecular pathogenesis of RMS varies based on cancer sub-types. Some embryonal RMS but not other sub-types are driven by sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway. However, Shh pathway inhibitors particularly smoothened inhibitors are not highly effective in animals. Here, we show that Shh pathway effectors GLI1 and/or GLI2 are over-expressed in the majority of RMS cells and that GANT-61, a specific GLI1/2 inhibitor dampens the proliferation of both embryonal and alveolar RMS cells-derived xenograft tumors thereby blocking their growth. As compared to vehicle-treated control, about 50% tumor growth inhibition occurs in mice receiving GANT-61 treatment. The proliferation inhibition was associated with slowing of cell cycle progression which was mediated by the reduced expression of cyclins D1/2/3 & E and the concomitant induction of p21. GANT-61 not only reduced expression of GLI1/2 in these RMS but also significantly diminished AKT/mTOR signaling. The therapeutic action of GANT-61 was significantly augmented when combined with chemotherapeutic agents employed for RMS therapy such as temsirolimus or vincristine. Finally, reduced expression of proteins driving epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) characterized the residual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh K Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Samer Zaid Kaylani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Nayf Edrees
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Changzhao Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Sarang S Talwelkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604
| | - Joseph G Pressey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0019, USA
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Qu J, Li M, An J, Zhao B, Zhong W, Gu Q, Cao L, Yang H, Hu C. MicroRNA-33b inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell growth, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin/ZEB1 signaling. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2141-52. [PMID: 26459797 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of microRNA (miRNA) is associated with lung carcinogenesis and metastasis. Our previous study of lung cancer miRNAs using the gene chip assay demonstrated altered miR-33b expression in lung adenocarcinoma. The present study further investigated miR-33b expression, function, and gene regulation in lung cancer cells in vitro and in nude mouse xenografts. Our data showed that the level of miR-33b expression was dramatically decreased in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and tissues and that the reduced miR-33b expression was associated with tumor lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, restoration of miR-33b expression inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Luciferase assay revealed that miR-33b bound to ZEB1 3'-UTR region and inhibited ZEB1 expression, while expression of ZEB1 mRNA and miR-33b was inversely associated with lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and tissues. Subsequently, we found that miR-33b suppressed the activity of WNT/β-catenin signaling in lung adenocarcinoma cells and in turn suppressed tumor cell growth and EMT in vitro and in vivo nude mouse xenografts. In conclusion, the present study provided novel insight into the molecular mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma progression. MicroRNA-33b should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target in human lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jian An
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bingrong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qihua Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Liming Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Statins activate the canonical hedgehog-signaling and aggravate non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, but inhibit the non-canonical hedgehog signaling and cirrhotic portal hypertension. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14573. [PMID: 26412302 PMCID: PMC4585958 DOI: 10.1038/srep14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis but also portal vein obstruction cause portal hypertension (PHT) and angiogenesis. This study investigated the differences of angiogenesis in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic PHT with special emphasis on the canonical (Shh/Gli) and non-canonical (Shh/RhoA) hedgehog pathway. Cirrhotic (bile duct ligation/BDL; CCl4 intoxication) and non-cirrhotic (partial portal vein ligation/PPVL) rats received either atorvastatin (15 mg/kg; 7d) or control chow before sacrifice. Invasive hemodynamic measurement and Matrigel implantation assessed angiogenesis in vivo. Angiogenesis in vitro was analysed using migration and tube formation assay. In liver and vessel samples from animals and humans, transcript expression was analyzed using RT-PCR and protein expression using Western blot. Atorvastatin decreased portal pressure, shunt flow and angiogenesis in cirrhosis, whereas atorvastatin increased these parameters in PPVL rats. Non-canonical Hh was upregulated in experimental and human liver cirrhosis and was blunted by atorvastatin. Moreover, atorvastatin blocked the non-canonical Hh-pathway RhoA dependently in activated hepatic steallate cells (HSCs). Interestingly, hepatic and extrahepatic Hh-pathway was enhanced in PPVL rats, which resulted in increased angiogenesis. In summary, statins caused contrary effects in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Atorvastatin inhibited the non-canonical Hh-pathway and angiogenesis in cirrhosis. In portal vein obstruction, statins enhanced the canonical Hh-pathway and aggravated PHT and angiogenesis.
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49
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Huang Q, Ouyang X. The role of miRNAs in bone metastasis and their significance in the detection of bone metastasis: a review of the published data. Future Oncol 2015; 11:141-51. [PMID: 25572789 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The preferential metastasis of cancer cells to bone disrupts the process of bone remodeling and results in serious complications. Although bone imaging techniques are well established for bone metastasis diagnosis, they still have limits. Recently, small noncoding RNA molecules, called miRNAs, have become the subject of interest in many molecular pathways in relation to bone metastasis. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated the ability to distinguish normal from cancerous cells and metastatic bone tumor origin based on miRNA profiles. Here, we summarize the data on mechanisms of osteolytic and osteoblastic bone metastases supporting the involvement of miRNA changes in the bone metastatic evolution. We also focus on the available evidence regarding current clinical studies of miRNA expression in the detection of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian 350025, PR China
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50
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Wei Q, Chen ZH, Wang L, Zhang T, Duan L, Behrens C, Wistuba II, Minna JD, Gao B, Luo JH, Liu ZP. LZTFL1 suppresses lung tumorigenesis by maintaining differentiation of lung epithelial cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:2655-63. [PMID: 26364604 PMCID: PMC4791215 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and metastatic behavior is largely responsible for this mortality. Mutations in multiple ‘driver' oncogenes and tumor suppressors are known to contribute to the lung tumorigenesis and in some cases represent therapeutic targets. Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor-like 1 (LZTFL1) is located in the chromosome region 3p21.3 where allelic loss and genetic alterations occur early and frequently in lung cancers. Previously, we found that LZTFL1 is downregulated in epithelial tumors, including lung cancer, and functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancers. However, the functional role of LZTFL1 in lung oncogenesis is undefined. We show here that downregulation of LZTFL1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with recurrence and poor survival, whereas re-expression of LZTFL1 in lung tumor cells inhibited extravasation/colonization of circulating tumor cells to the lung and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that LZTFL1 is expressed in ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and its expression correlates with HBEC differentiation. LZTFL1 inhibits transforming growth factor β-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and hedgehog signaling. Alteration of intracellular levels of LZTFL1 resulted in changes of expression of genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We conclude that LZTFL1 inhibits lung tumorigenesis, possibly by maintaining epithelial cell differentiation and/or inhibition of signalings that lead to EMT and suggest that reactivation of LZTFL1 expression in tumor cells may be a novel lung cancer therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z-H Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I I Wistuba
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J D Minna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - B Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J-H Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z P Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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