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Yazdi M, Hasanzadeh Kafshgari M, Khademi Moghadam F, Zarezade V, Oellinger R, Khosravi M, Haas S, Hoch CC, Pockley AG, Wagner E, Wollenberg B, Multhoff G, Bashiri Dezfouli A. Crosstalk Between NK Cell Receptors and Tumor Membrane Hsp70-Derived Peptide: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305998. [PMID: 38298098 PMCID: PMC11005703 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are central components of the innate immunity system against cancers. Since tumor cells have evolved a series of mechanisms to escape from NK cells, developing methods for increasing the NK cell antitumor activity is of utmost importance. It is previously shown that an ex vivo stimulation of patient-derived NK cells with interleukin (IL)-2 and Hsp70-derived peptide TKD (TKDNNLLGRFELSG, aa450-461) results in a significant upregulation of activating receptors including CD94 and CD69 which triggers exhausted NK cells to target and kill malignant solid tumors expressing membrane Hsp70 (mHsp70). Considering that TKD binding to an activating receptor is the initial step in the cytolytic signaling cascade of NK cells, herein this interaction is studied by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation computational modeling. The in silico results showed a crucial role of the heterodimeric receptor CD94/NKG2A and CD94/NKG2C in the TKD interaction with NK cells. Antibody blocking and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout studies verified the key function of CD94 in the TKD stimulation and activation of NK cells which is characterized by an increased cytotoxic capacity against mHsp70 positive tumor cells via enhanced production and release of lytic granules and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yazdi
- Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of PharmacyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität (LMU)81377MunichGermany
| | - Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical ElectronicsCampus Klinikum München rechts der IsarTranslaTUMTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | | | - Vahid Zarezade
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical SciencesBehbahan6361796819Iran
| | - Rupert Oellinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional GenomicsSchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)School of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvaz6135783151Iran
| | - Stefan Haas
- Department of Radiation OncologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | - Cosima C. Hoch
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | - Alan Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research CentreSchool of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG11 8NSUK
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of PharmacyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität (LMU)81377MunichGermany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)School of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
- Department of Radiation OncologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)School of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
- Department of Radiation OncologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
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Chen X, Yuan Q, Guan H, Shi X, Sun J, Wu Z, Ren J, Xia S, Shang D. Identification and characterization of interferon-γ signaling-based personalized heterogeneity and therapeutic strategies in patients with pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1227606. [PMID: 37941546 PMCID: PMC10628740 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1227606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a key cytokine with diverse biological functions, including antiviral defense, antitumor activity, immune regulation, and modulation of cellular processes. Nonetheless, its role in pancreatic cancer (PC) therapy remains debated. Therefore, it is worthwhile to explore the role of Interferon-γ related genes (IFN-γGs) in the progression of PC development. Methodology Transcriptomic data from 930 PC were sourced from TCGA, GEO, ICGC, and ArrayExpress, and 93 IFN-γGs were obtained from the MSigDB. We researched the characteristics of IFN-γGs in pan-cancer. Subsequently, the cohort of 930 PC was stratified into two distinct subgroups using the NMF algorithm. We then examined disparities in the activation of cancer-associated pathways within these subpopulations through GSVA analysis. We scrutinized immune infiltration in both subsets and probed classical molecular target drug sensitivity variations. Finally, we devised and validated a novel IFN-γ related prediction model using LASSO and Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, we conducted RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry assays to validate the expression of seven target genes included in the prediction model. Results We demonstrated the CNV, SNV, methylation, expression levels, and prognostic characteristics of IFN-γGs in pan-cancers. Notably, Cluster 2 demonstrated superior prognostic outcomes and heightened immune cell infiltration compared to Clusters 1. We also assessed the IC50 values of classical molecular targeted drugs to establish links between IFN-γGs expression levels and drug responsiveness. Additionally, by applying our prediction model, we segregated PC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, identifying potential benefits of cisplatin, docetaxel, pazopanib, midostaurin, epothilone.B, thapsigargin, bryostatin.1, and AICAR for high-risk PC patients, and metformin, roscovitine, salubrinal, and cyclopamine for those in the low-risk group. The expression levels of these model genes were further verified through HPA website data and qRT-PCR assays in PC cell lines and tissues. Conclusion This study unveils IFN-γGs related molecular subsets in pancreatic cancer for the first time, shedding light on the pivotal role of IFN-γGs in the progression of PC. Furthermore, we establish an IFN-γGs related prognostic model for predicting the survival of PC, offering a theoretical foundation for exploring the precise mechanisms of IFN-γGs in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hewen Guan
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueying Shi
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaao Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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3
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Firth J, Sun J, George V, Huang JD, Bajaj-Elliott M, Gustafsson K. Bacterial outer-membrane vesicles promote Vγ9Vδ2 T cell oncolytic activity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198996. [PMID: 37529036 PMCID: PMC10388717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests the immune activation elicited by bacterial outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) can initiate a potent anti-tumor immunity, facilitating the recognition and destruction of malignant cells. At present the pathways underlying this response remain poorly understood, though a role for innate-like cells such as γδ T cells has been suggested. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were co-cultured with E. coli MG1655 Δpal ΔlpxM OMVs and corresponding immune activation studied by cell marker expression and cytokine production. OMV-activated γδ T cells were co-cultured with cancer cell lines to determine cytotoxicity. Results The vesicles induced a broad inflammatory response with γδ T cells observed as the predominant cell type to proliferate post-OMV challenge. Notably, the majority of γδ T cells were of the Vγ9Vδ2 type, known to respond to both bacterial metabolites and stress markers present on tumor cells. We observed robust cytolytic activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against both breast and leukaemia cell lines (SkBr3 and Nalm6 respectively) after OMV-mediated expansion. Conclusions Our findings identify for the first time, that OMV-challenge stimulates the expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells which subsequently present anti-tumor capabilities. We propose that OMV-mediated immune activation leverages the anti-microbial/anti-tumor capacity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, an axis amenable for improved future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Firth
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Vaques George
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenth Gustafsson
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Casari G, Dall'Ora M, Melandri A, Masciale V, Chiavelli C, Prapa M, Neri G, Spano MC, Murgia A, D'Esposito A, Baschieri MC, Ceccherelli GB, Dominici M, Grisendi G. Impact of soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand released by engineered adipose mesenchymal stromal cells on white blood cells. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:605-614. [PMID: 37012089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The proapoptotic protein tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is physiologically expressed by immune cells and performs regulatory functions in infections, autoimmune diseases and cancer, where it acts as a tumor suppressor. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) also may play immunomodulatory roles in both primary and acquired immune responses. We have previously demonstrated the efficacy of an anticancer gene therapy based on AD-MSC engineered to secrete a soluble TRAIL variant (sTRAIL) against pancreatic cancer. However, the impact of AD-MSC sTRAIL on leukocyte subsets has been not yet considered also to predict a possible immunotoxicity profile in the clinical translation of this cell-based anticancer strategy. METHODS Monocytes, polymorphonuclear cells and T lymphocytes were freshly isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors. Immunophenotype and functional (DR4 and DR5) and decoy (DcR1 and DcR2) TRAIL receptors were tested by flow cytometry. The viability of white blood cells treated with sTRAIL released by gene-modified AD-MSC or co-cultured with AD-MSC sTRAIL was then evaluated by both metabolic assays and flow cytometry. In addition, cytokine profile in co-cultures was analyzed by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells showed high positivity for DR5 and DcR2, respectively, whereas T cells revealed negligible expression of all TRAIL receptors. Irrespective of TRAIL receptors' presence on the cell membrane, white blood cells were refractory to the proapoptotic effect displayed by sTRAIL secreted by gene-modified AD-MSC, and direct cell-to-cell contact with AD-MSC sTRAIL had negligible impact on T-cell and monocyte viability. Cytokine crosstalk involving interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma secreted by T lymphocytes and vascular endothelial growth factor A and interleukin 6 released by AD-MSC was highlighted in T-cell and AD-MSC sTRAIL co-cultures. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study demonstrates the immunological safety and thus the clinical feasibility of an anticancer approach based on AD-MSC expressing the proapoptotic molecule sTRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Casari
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Aurora Melandri
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiavelli
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Malvina Prapa
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Medical Technical Sciences, Universiteti Barleti, Tirana, Albania
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Alba Murgia
- Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
| | - Angela D'Esposito
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Baschieri
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; EVOTEC (Modena) Srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy.
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Mödl B, Moritsch S, Zwolanek D, Eferl R. Type I and II interferon signaling in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Cytokine 2023; 161:156075. [PMID: 36323190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Traditional chemotherapy extended the lifespan of cancer patients by only a few months, but targeted therapies and immunotherapy prolonged survival and led to long-term remissions in some cases. Type I and II interferons have direct pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells and stimulate anti-cancer immunity. As a result, interferon production by cells in the tumor microenvironment is in the spotlight of immunotherapies as it affects the responses of anti-cancer immune cells. However, promoting effects of interferons on colorectal cancer metastasis have also been reported. Here we summarize our knowledge about pro- and anti-metastatic effects of type I and II interferons in colorectal cancer liver metastasis and discuss possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Mödl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Zwolanek
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Gauthier T, Chen W. IFN-γ and TGF-β, Crucial Players in Immune Responses: A Tribute to Howard Young. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:643-654. [PMID: 36516375 PMCID: PMC9917322 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), both pleiotropic cytokines, have been long studied and described as critical mediators of the immune response, notably in T cells. One of the investigators who made seminal and critical discoveries in the field of IFN-γ biology is Dr. Howard Young. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology of IFN-γ as well as its role in cancer and autoimmunity with an emphasis on Dr. Young's critical work in the field. We also describe how Dr. Young's work influenced our own research studying the role of TGF-β in the modulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Gauthier
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Stevenson EM, Terry S, Copertino D, Leyre L, Danesh A, Weiler J, Ward AR, Khadka P, McNeil E, Bernard K, Miller IG, Ellsworth GB, Johnston CD, Finkelsztein EJ, Zumbo P, Betel D, Dündar F, Duncan MC, Lapointe HR, Speckmaier S, Moran-Garcia N, Papa MP, Nicholes S, Stover CJ, Lynch RM, Caskey M, Gaebler C, Chun TW, Bosque A, Wilkin TJ, Lee GQ, Brumme ZL, Jones RB. SARS CoV-2 mRNA vaccination exposes latent HIV to Nef-specific CD8 + T-cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4888. [PMID: 35985993 PMCID: PMC9389512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to cure HIV have focused on reactivating latent proviruses to enable elimination by CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. Clinical studies of latency reversing agents (LRA) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated individuals have shown increases in HIV transcription, but without reductions in virologic measures, or evidence that HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells were productively engaged. Here, we show that the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 activates the RIG-I/TLR - TNF - NFκb axis, resulting in transcription of HIV proviruses with minimal perturbations of T-cell activation and host transcription. T-cells specific for the early gene-product HIV-Nef uniquely increased in frequency and acquired effector function (granzyme-B) in ART-treated individuals following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. These parameters of CD8+ T-cell induction correlated with significant decreases in cell-associated HIV mRNA, suggesting killing or suppression of cells transcribing HIV. Thus, we report the observation of an intervention-induced reduction in a measure of HIV persistence, accompanied by precise immune correlates, in ART-suppressed individuals. However, we did not observe significant depletions of intact proviruses, underscoring challenges to achieving (or measuring) HIV reservoir reductions. Overall, our results support prioritizing the measurement of granzyme-B-producing Nef-specific responses in latency reversal studies and add impetus to developing HIV-targeted mRNA therapeutic vaccines that leverage built-in LRA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Stevenson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Terry
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis Copertino
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise Leyre
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali Danesh
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jared Weiler
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam R Ward
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pragya Khadka
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan McNeil
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Bernard
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Itzayana G Miller
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grant B Ellsworth
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carrie D Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli J Finkelsztein
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Zumbo
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Friederike Dündar
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maggie C Duncan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hope R Lapointe
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Speckmaier
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nadia Moran-Garcia
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Premazzi Papa
- Dept of Microbiology Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samuel Nicholes
- Dept of Microbiology Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carissa J Stover
- Dept of Microbiology Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca M Lynch
- Dept of Microbiology Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marina Caskey
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Gaebler
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alberto Bosque
- Dept of Microbiology Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Timothy J Wilkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guinevere Q Lee
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zabrina L Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Brad Jones
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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Pretreatment of umbilical cord derived MSCs with IFN-γ and TNF-α enhances the tumor-suppressive effect on acute myeloid leukemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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9
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Hosseini M, Baghaei K, Hajivalili M, Zali MR, Ebtekar M, Amani D. The anti-tumor effects of CT-26 derived exosomes enriched by MicroRNA-34a on murine model of colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2021; 290:120234. [PMID: 34953890 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS As conventional therapeutics failed to provide satisfied outcomes against one of the most prevalent cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC), we purposed to implicate MicroRNA (miR)-34a, as a major tumor suppressor, to be delivered by tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) and investigated its anti-tumor functions in-vivo. MAIN METHODS TEXs were isolated from CT-26 cell line and loaded with miR-34a mimic. Then, mice bearing CRC were treated with miR-34a-enriched TEX (TEX-miR-34a) and then examined for the relative tumor-suppressive impacts of the TEX as well as its potential in promoting an anti-tumor immune response. KEY FINDINGS TEX-miR-34a significantly reduced tumor size and prolonged survival of mice bearing CRC. TEX-miR-34a was able to diminish gene expressions related to invasion, angiogenesis and immune evasion. It was also capable of inducing T cell polarization toward CD8+ T subsets among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, draining lymph nodes (DLNs) and spleen cells. Moreover, cytotoxic T cells were professionally induced in mice receiving TEX-miR-34a and the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor (TGF)-β was reduced in DLNs. However, the enhanced levels of interferon-γ were evaluated in DLN and spleen displaying the polarization of anti-tumor immune responses. Interestingly, mice receiving TEX alone showed a noticeable reduction in certain oncogenic gene expressions as well as IL-17A secretion in DLNs. SIGNIFICANCE TEX-miR-34a demonstrated the potential to induce beneficial anti-tumor immune responses and TEXs, aside from the delivery function of miRNA, revealed certain anti-tumor beneficial characteristics which could introduce TEX-miR-34a as a promising approach in CRC combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hajivalili
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ebtekar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davar Amani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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The Adaptive Immune Landscape of the Colorectal Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189791. [PMID: 34575971 PMCID: PMC8472388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor immune microenvironment exerts a pivotal influence in tumor initiation and progression. The aim of this study was to analyze the immune context of sporadic and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) lesions along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence (ACS). METHODS We analyzed immune cell counts (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, Foxp3+, and CD57+), tumor mutation burden (TMB), MHC-I expression and PD-L1 expression of 59 FAP and 74 sporadic colorectal lesions, encompassing adenomas with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) (30 FAP; 30 sporadic), adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (22 FAP; 30 sporadic), and invasive adenocarcinomas (7 FAP; 14 sporadic). RESULTS The sporadic colorectal ACS was characterized by (1) a stepwise decrease in immune cell counts, (2) an increase in TMB and MHC-I expression, and (3) a lower PD-L1 expression. In FAP lesions, we observed the same patterns, except for an increase in TMB along the ACS. FAP LGD lesions harbored lower Foxp3+ T cell counts than sporadic LGD lesions. A decrease in PD-L1 expression occurred earlier in FAP lesions compared to sporadic ones. CONCLUSIONS The colorectal ACS is characterized by a progressive loss of adaptive immune infiltrate and by the establishment of a progressively immune cold microenvironment. These changes do not appear to be related with the loss of immunogenicity of tumor cells, or to the onset of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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11
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Kauffman MR, Nazemidashtarjandi S, Ghazanfari D, Allen AE, Reynolds NM, Faik A, Burdick MM, McCall KD, Goetz DJ. Evidence that knock down of GSK-3β in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia cells augments IFN-γ-induced apoptosis. Leuk Res 2020; 99:106464. [PMID: 33130330 PMCID: PMC7740760 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in Chronic Myelogenous/Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and in the treatment of CML remains unclear; specifically, the effect of IFN-γ on apoptosis. There is reported interplay between IFN-γ and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a kinase which has been implicated in both cell death and, conversely, cell survival. Thus, we utilized the CML-derived HAP1 cell line and a mutant HAP1 GSK-3β knocked-down cell line (GSK-3β 31bp) to investigate whether GSK-3 modulates IFN-γ's action on CML cells. Significantly less GSK-3β 31bp cells, relative to HAP1 cells, were present after 48 h treatment with IFN-γ. IFN-γ treatment significantly decreased GSK-3β 31bp substrate adhesiveness (relative to HAP1 cells); an observation often correlated with cell death. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that IFN-γ induces a modest level of apoptosis in the HAP1 cells and that IFN-γ induced apoptosis is significantly enhanced in GSK-3β 31bp cells. Utilizing a complementary GSK-3β knocked-down cell line (8bp) we found, via flow cytometric analysis, that IFN-γ induced apoptosis is significantly enhanced in GSK-3β 8bp cells relative to HAP1 cells. Combined, our findings suggest that IFN-γ induces apoptosis of CML cells and that loss of GSK-3β significantly augments IFN-γ-induced apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Codon, Nonsense
- Drug Interactions
- Flow Cytometry
- Frameshift Mutation
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/genetics
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Kauffman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | | | - Davoud Ghazanfari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Abigail E Allen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Nathan M Reynolds
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Environmental and Plant Biology Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Monica M Burdick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Kelly D McCall
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Douglas J Goetz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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12
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Kwon R, Hong BK, Lee KG, Choi E, Sabbagh L, Cho CS, Lee N, Kim WU. Regulation of tumor growth by leukocyte-specific protein 1 in T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001180. [PMID: 33020243 PMCID: PMC7537340 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical efficacy of T cell-based cancer immunotherapy is limited by the lack of T cell infiltration in the tumor mass, especially in solid tumors. Our group demonstrated previously that leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1), an intracellular signal regulator, negatively regulates T cell infiltration in inflamed tissues. METHODS To determine the immuno-regulatory effects of LSP1 in T cells on tumor progression, we investigated the growth of B16 melanoma in Lsp1 knockout (KO) mice and T cell-specific Lsp1 transgenic (Tg) mice. The immune cell subpopulation infiltrated into the tumor mass as well as the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in T cells was assessed by flow cytometry and/or immunohistochemistry. Chemotactic migration was assayed with Lsp1 KO and Lsp1 Tg T cells. Adoptive transfer of Lsp1 KO or Lsp1 Tg T cells was performed in B16 melanoma-challenged Rag1 KO mice. RESULTS Lsp1 KO mice showed decreased growth of B16 melanoma and increased infiltration of T cells in the tumor mass, which were completely reversed in T cell-specific Lsp1 Tg mice. Lsp1 KO CD8+ T cells also exhibited elevated migratory capacity in response to CXCL9 and CXCL10, whereas Lsp1 Tg CD8+ T cells did the opposite. LSP1 expression was increased in tumor-infiltrating T cells and could be induced by T cell receptor activation. Intriguingly, gene expression profiling of Lsp1 KO T cells suggested enhanced cytotoxicity. Indeed, expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α was increased in tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of Lsp1 KO mice, while it was markedly reduced in those of Lsp1 Tg mice. Adoptive transfer of Lsp1 KO T cells to Rag1 KO mice was more effective in suppressing melanoma growth than transfer of Lsp1 Tg T cells. Of note, when treated with antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody, inhibition of melanoma growth was more pronounced in Lsp1 KO mice than in Lsp1-sufficient mice, suggesting that Lsp1 depletion additively increases the antitumor effects of anti-PD-1 antibody. CONCLUSIONS LSP1 in T cells regulates the growth of B16 melanoma in mice, possibly by affecting migration and infiltration of T cells into the tumor and by modulating production of antitumor effector cytokines by CD8+ T cells. These findings provide evidence that LSP1 can be a target to improve the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riri Kwon
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Ki Hong
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Gu Lee
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyeol Choi
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurent Sabbagh
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chul-Soo Cho
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeun Lee
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Cui G. Immune battle at the premalignant stage of colorectal cancer: focus on immune cell compositions, functions and cytokine products. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1308-1320. [PMID: 32509381 PMCID: PMC7269793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that most human cancers, including colorectal cancers (CRCs), develop from premalignant lesions through a long-term multistep process. Host immunity is a key determinant that maintains most premalignant lesions in a stable state via immunosurveillance. However, premalignant cells use diverse strategies to escape host immunosurveillance. A switch in the immune function from immunosurveillance to immunosuppression facilitates the progression of premalignant lesions to established CRCs. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding alterations in the immune landscape, including immune cell compositions, functions and cytokine products, in the premalignant stage of CRC and provides an updated discussion on its translational significance along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
- Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Campus LevangerNorway
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14
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Li SQ, Fang L, Wang XZ, Li J, Zhang HB, Huang B, Xu YM, Yang WM, Lin J, Min QH, Liao ZH, Wu Y, Liu J. Correction of Bcl-x splicing improves responses to imatinib in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells and mouse models. Br J Haematol 2020; 189:1141-1150. [PMID: 32189339 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IM) resistance has become a major clinical problem for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). It is known that Bcl-x splicing is deregulated and is involved in multiple malignant cancer initiation and chemotherapy resistance, including CML. The aim of the present study was to correct the abnormal splicing of Bcl-x in CML and investigate the subsequent malignant phenotype changes, especially response to IM. The aberrant Bcl-x splicing in CML cells was effectively restored using vivo-Morpholino Antisense Oligomer (vMO). CCK-8 cell viability assay and flow cytometry showed that restoring of Bcl-x splicing increases IM-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of K562 cells. Moreover, a more significant similar phenomenon was observed in imatinib-resistant CML cell lines K562/G01. Finally, establishment of CML xenograft model had also proved that correcting Bcl-x splicing in vivo can also enhance the anti-tumor effect of IM. Our findings suggest that vMO co-operating with IM can effectively increase the sensitivity of CML cells to IM both in vitro and in vivo, and Bcl-x splicing could become good candidates for chemotherapy-sensitized target in IM-resistant CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic, Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China.,Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang, China
| | - Shu-Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Le Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 521 Hospital of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Bin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan-Mei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Ming Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing-Hua Min
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Donghu District, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
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15
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Sharma M, Khong H, Fa'ak F, Bentebibel SE, Janssen LME, Chesson BC, Creasy CA, Forget MA, Kahn LMS, Pazdrak B, Karki B, Hailemichael Y, Singh M, Vianden C, Vennam S, Bharadwaj U, Tweardy DJ, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C, Huang S, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Hurwitz ME, Sznol M, Hwu P, Hoch U, Addepalli M, Charych DH, Zalevsky J, Diab A, Overwijk WW. Bempegaldesleukin selectively depletes intratumoral Tregs and potentiates T cell-mediated cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:661. [PMID: 32005826 PMCID: PMC6994577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) is active against metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, but treatment-associated toxicity and expansion of suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) limit its use in patients with cancer. Bempegaldesleukin (NKTR-214) is an engineered IL-2 cytokine prodrug that provides sustained activation of the IL-2 pathway with a bias to the IL-2 receptor CD122 (IL-2Rβ). Here we assess the therapeutic impact and mechanism of action of NKTR-214 in combination with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade therapy or peptide-based vaccination in mice. NKTR-214 shows superior anti-tumor activity over native IL-2 and systemically expands anti-tumor CD8+ T cells while inducing Treg depletion in tumor tissue but not in the periphery. Similar trends of intratumoral Treg dynamics are observed in a small cohort of patients treated with NKTR-214. Mechanistically, intratumoral Treg depletion is mediated by CD8+ Teff-associated cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. These findings demonstrate that NKTR-214 synergizes with T cell-mediated anti-cancer therapies. Interleukin-2 can induce an anti-tumour response, but is associated with toxicity. Here, the authors demonstrate that an engineered interleukin-2 promotes intratumoral T regulatory cell depletion while enhancing effective anti-tumour CD8+ T cell responses that result in potent tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Sharma
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiep Khong
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Faisal Fa'ak
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salah-Eddine Bentebibel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louise M E Janssen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brent C Chesson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caitlin A Creasy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Maria S Kahn
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Pazdrak
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Binisha Karki
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yared Hailemichael
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christina Vianden
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Vennam
- Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Uddalak Bharadwaj
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - David J Tweardy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mario Sznol
- Yale University Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ute Hoch
- Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Murali Addepalli
- Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deborah H Charych
- Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Zalevsky
- Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Nektar Therapeutics, 455 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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Galassi C, Manic G, Musella M, Sistigu A, Vitale I. Assessment of IFN-γ and granzyme-B production by in "sitro" technology. Methods Enzymol 2019; 631:391-414. [PMID: 31948559 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor neantigens (TNAs) and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are crucial triggers of anticancer immune responses. Through major histocompatibility complex, such antigens activate T cells, which, by releasing interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and granzyme B (GRZB), act as crucial effectors against tumor onset and progression. However, in response to immune pressure, cancer cells use different strategies to favor the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Elucidating the dynamics of tumor-host co-evolution provides novel opportunities for personalized cancer immunotherapies. The in sitro (in vitro+in situ) technology is an experimental approach involving the preparation of heterocellular cell suspensions from fresh tumors and their use in vitro. The in sitro experimental setup offers the possibility to (1) analyze immune-related parameters (e.g., quantification of cytokines released in the TME), (2) reveal the mechanism of action of drugs, and (3) unveil crucial cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic processes boosting anticancer immune responses. Nonetheless, the in sitro technology does not fully recapitulate the complexity of the tissue "in situ" nor models the patterns of infiltrating immune cell localization, and hence parallel experimentation should be scheduled. In this chapter we discuss in sitro technology to analyze and quantify IFN-γ and GRZB production by T cells either co-cultured with cancer cells in the presence of exogenous adjuvant stimuli (i.e., an antibody targeting the immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1, and recombinant calreticulin) and boosting with TAAs (i.e., the model SIINFEKL ovalbumin antigen). Specifically, we describe IFN-γ and GRZB quantification by flow cytometry, ELISA and ELISpot technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Galassi
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Musella
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
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17
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Cui G. T H9, T H17, and T H22 Cell Subsets and Their Main Cytokine Products in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1002. [PMID: 31637216 PMCID: PMC6787935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several newly identified T helper (TH) cell subsets, such as TH9, TH17, and TH22 cells, and their respective cytokine products, IL-9, IL-17, and IL-22, have been reported to play critical roles in the development of chronic inflammation in the colorectum. Since chronic inflammation is a potent driving force for the development of human colorectal cancer (CRC), the contributions of TH9/IL-9, TH17/IL-17, and TH22/IL-22 in the pathogenesis of CRC have recently become an increasingly popular area of scientific investigation. Extensive laboratory and clinical evidence suggests a positive relationship between these new TH subsets and the growth and formation of CRC, whereas, administration of IL-9, IL-17, and IL-22 signaling inhibitors can significantly alter the formation of colorectal chronic inflammation or CRC lesions in animal models, suggesting that blocking these cytokine signals might represent promising immunotherapeutic strategies. This review summarizes recent findings and currently available data for understanding the vital role and therapeutic significance of TH9/IL-9, TH17/IL-17, and TH22/IL-22 in the development of colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
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18
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de Looff M, de Jong S, Kruyt FAE. Multiple Interactions Between Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment Modulate TRAIL Signaling: Implications for TRAIL Receptor Targeted Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1530. [PMID: 31333662 PMCID: PMC6617985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) signaling is far more complex than initially anticipated and can lead to either anti- or protumorigenic effects, hampering the successful clinical use of therapeutic TRAIL receptor agonists. Cell autonomous resistance mechanisms have been identified in addition to paracrine factors that can modulate apoptosis sensitivity. The tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of cellular and non-cellular components, is a source for multiple signals that are able to modulate TRAIL signaling in tumor and stromal cells. Particularly immune effector cells, also part of the TME, employ the TRAIL/TRAIL-R system whereby cell surface expressed TRAIL can activate apoptosis via TRAIL receptors on tumor cells, which is part of tumor immune surveillance. In this review we aim to dissect the impact of the TME on signaling induced by endogenous and exogenous/therapeutic TRAIL, thereby distinguishing different components of the TME such as immune effector cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and non-hematopoietic stromal cells. In addition, also non-cellular biochemical and biophysical properties of the TME are considered including mechanical stress, acidity, hypoxia, and glucose deprivation. Available literature thus far indicates that tumor-TME interactions are complex and often bidirectional leading to tumor-enhancing or tumor-reducing effects in a tumor model- and tumor type-dependent fashion. Multiple signals originating from different components of the TME simultaneously affect TRAIL receptor signaling. We conclude that in order to unleash the full clinical potential of TRAIL receptor agonists it will be necessary to increase our understanding of the contribution of different TME components on outcome of therapeutic TRAIL receptor activation in order to identify the most critical mechanism responsible for resistance, allowing the design of effective combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot de Looff
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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19
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Anti-survivin effect of the small molecule inhibitor YM155 in RCC cells is mediated by time-dependent inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10289. [PMID: 29980758 PMCID: PMC6035265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade is associated with tumourigenesis and poor prognosis in many human cancers including RCC. YM155, a small molecule inhibitor of survivin, was previously shown to potently inhibit the viability of immortalized and patient derived renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. Here we investigated the role of NF-κB signaling to the anti-cancer properties of YM155 in RCC786.0 cells. YM155 diminished nuclear levels of p65 and phosphorylated p65 and attenuated the transcriptional competencies of the p65/p50 heterodimers. Accordingly, we found that YM155 diminished the transcription of NF-κB target gene survivin. Events that led to the interception of the nuclear translocation of p65/p50 were the activation of the deubiquinating enzyme CYLD by YM155, which led to the inhibition of IKKβ, stabilization of IκBα and retention of NF-κB heterodimers in the cytosol. Importantly, the suppressive effects of YM155 were time-dependent and observed at the 24 h time point, and not earlier. TNF-α, a stimulator of NF-κB signaling did not affect its inhibitory properties. The ability of YM155 to intercept a major transcriptional pathway like NF-κB, would have important ramifications on the pharmacodynamics effects elicited by this unusual molecule.
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Castro F, Cardoso AP, Gonçalves RM, Serre K, Oliveira MJ. Interferon-Gamma at the Crossroads of Tumor Immune Surveillance or Evasion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:847. [PMID: 29780381 PMCID: PMC5945880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 709] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic molecule with associated antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and antitumor mechanisms. This effector cytokine, often considered as a major effector of immunity, has been used in the treatment of several diseases, despite its adverse effects. Although broad evidence implicating IFN-γ in tumor immune surveillance, IFN-γ-based therapies undergoing clinical trials have been of limited success. In fact, recent reports suggested that it may also play a protumorigenic role, namely, through IFN-γ signaling insensitivity, downregulation of major histocompatibility complexes, and upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and of checkpoint inhibitors, as programmed cell-death ligand 1. However, the IFN-γ-mediated responses are still positively associated with patient's survival in several cancers. Consequently, major research efforts are required to understand the immune contexture in which IFN-γ induces its intricate and highly regulated effects in the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the current knowledge on the pro- and antitumorigenic effects of IFN-γ as part of the complex immune response to cancer, highlighting the relevance to identify IFN-γ responsive patients for the improvement of therapies that exploit associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Castro
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Cardoso
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Madeira Gonçalves
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Karine Serre
- IMM – Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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21
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Ceramide activates lysosomal cathepsin B and cathepsin D to attenuate autophagy and induces ER stress to suppress myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83907-83925. [PMID: 27880732 PMCID: PMC5356634 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immune suppressive cells that are hallmarks of human cancer. MDSCs inhibit cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and NK cell functions to promote tumor immune escape and progression, and therefore are considered key targets in cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies determined a key role of the apoptosis pathways in tumor-induced MDSC homeostasis and it is known that ceramide plays a key role in regulation of mammalian cell apoptosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy and underlying molecular mechanism of ceramide in suppression of MDSCs. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with LCL521, a lysosomotropic inhibitor of acid ceramidase, significantly decreased MDSC accumulation in vivo. Using a MDSC-like myeloid cell model, we determined that LCL521 targets lysosomes and increases total cellular C16 ceramide level. Although MDSC-like cells have functional apoptosis pathways, LCL521-induced MDSC death occurs in an apoptosis- and necroptosis-independent mechanism. LCL521 treatment resulted in an increase in the number of autophagic vesicles, heterolysosomes and swollen ERs. Finally, concomitant inhibition of cathepsin B and cathepsin D was required to significantly decrease LCL521-induced cell death. Our observations indicate that LCL521 targets lysosomes to activate cathepsin B and cathepsin D, resulting in interrupted autophagy and ER stress that culminates in MDSC death. Therefore, a ceramidase inhibitor is potentially an effective adjunct therapeutic agent for suppression of MDSCs to enhance the efficacy of CTL-based cancer immunotherapy.
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22
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Wang Y, Yang X, Yu Y, Xu Z, Sun Y, Liu H, Cheng J, Liu M, Sha B, Li L, Ding N, Li Z, Jin H, Qian Q. Immunotherapy of patient with hepatocellular carcinoma using cytotoxic T lymphocytes ex vivo activated with tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells. J Cancer 2018; 9:275-287. [PMID: 29344274 PMCID: PMC5771335 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical response of immunotherapy with dendritic cell-cytotoxic T lymphocytes (DC-CTLs) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Method Sixty-eight patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HCC and who received follow-up until December 2015 were enrolled. We measured immune phenotypes of DCs and activated T cells using flow cytometry and clinical indexes using an electrochemiluminescence method. Results DCs exhibited up-regulation of the maturation markers CD83, CD80, CD11c, and CD86 on day8. Levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were higher in the DCs pulsed with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) than in DCs with a non-proliferative recombinant adenovirus. The percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) decreased in patients after DC-CTLs therapy. In addition, serum levels of AFP, AFP-L3, ALT, and CA19-9 were significantly reduced in these patients. Quality of life was improved, especially on physical functioning scales. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 8.2 months and 4.3 months, respectively, for the control group and 12.8 months and 9 months, respectively, for the DC-CTL group. Patients treated with DC-CTLs therapy showed a statistically significant PFS and OS curve (OS: p=0.016; PFS: p<0.0001). In addition, no serious adverse reactions were observed. Conclusion This study indicated that Tregs, as well as serum levels of AFP, AFP-L3, ALT, and CA19-9, which were correlated with a poor prognosis, decreased after DC-CTL treatments. The OS, PFS and the quality of life of HCC patients partially improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Gene and Viral Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Department of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xijing Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Gene and Viral Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zenghui Xu
- Department of Gene and Viral Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Qianyang Road 75A, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gene and Viral Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jingbo Cheng
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Qianyang Road 75A, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Gene and Viral Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bibo Sha
- Department of Gene and Viral Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Linfang Li
- Department of Gene and Viral Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Na Ding
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Qianyang Road 75A, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Qianyang Road 75A, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Gene and Viral Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qijun Qian
- Department of Gene and Viral Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Qianyang Road 75A, Shanghai, 201805, China.,Ningbo 5 th Hospital (Ningbo Cancer Hospital), Zhuangshi Avenue 1166, Ningbo, 315201, China
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Shelke GV, Jagtap JC, Kim DK, Shah RD, Das G, Shivayogi M, Pujari R, Shastry P. TNF-α and IFN-γ Together Up-Regulates Par-4 Expression and Induce Apoptosis in Human Neuroblastomas. Biomedicines 2017; 6:biomedicines6010004. [PMID: 29278364 PMCID: PMC5874661 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the combined effect of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Tumor Necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on cytotoxicity and expression of prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) and Par-4 interacting proteins B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells/p65 subunit (NF-κB/p65), Ak mouse strain thymoma (Akt) in human neuroblastoma (NB) cells. Materials and methods included human neuroblastoma cell lines-SK-N-MC, SK-N-SH, and SH-SY5Y, which were treated with IFN-γ and TNF-α individually, or in combination, and were assessed for viability by tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was monitored by hypodiploid population (by flow cytometry), DNA fragmentation, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and caspase-8 activity. Transcript level of Par-4 was measured by RT-PCR. Protein levels of Par-4 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3) were assessed by immunoblotting. Cellular localization of Par-4 and p65 was examined by immunofluorescence. Unbiased transcript analysis for IFN-γ, TNF-α, and Par-4 were analyzed from three independent clinical datasets from neuroblastoma patients. In terms of results, SK-N-MC cells treated with a combination of, but not individually with, IFN-γ and TNF-α induced apoptosis characterized by hypodiploidy, DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage, and increased caspase-8 activity. Apoptosis was associated with up-regulation of Par-4 mRNA and protein expression. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that Par-4 was localized exclusively in cytoplasm in SK-N-MC cells cultured for 24 h. but showed nuclear localization at 48 h. Treatment with IFN-γ and TNF-α together enhanced the intensity of nuclear Par-4. In gene expression, data from human neuroblastoma patients, levels of IFN-γ, and TNF-α have strong synergy with Par-4 expression and provide good survival advantage. The findings also demonstrated that apoptosis was associated with reduced level of pro-survival proteins–Bcl-2 and Akt and NF-κB/p65. Furthermore, the apoptotic effect induced by IFN-γ-induced Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1(STAT-1), and could be due to down-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3). The study concludes that a combinatorial approach using IFN-γ and TNF-α can be explored to maximize the effect in chemotherapy in neuroblastoma, and implies a role for Par-4 in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Shelke
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
- Current address: Krefting Research Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box-424, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jayashree C Jagtap
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Dae-Kyum Kim
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Reecha D Shah
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Gowry Das
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | | | - Radha Pujari
- Rasayani Biologics Pvt Ltd, 48/7, Mhalunge-Nande Road, Mhalunge, Pune 411045, India.
| | - Padma Shastry
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
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24
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Hanisch C, Sharbati J, Kutz-Lohroff B, Huber O, Einspanier R, Sharbati S. TFF3-dependent resistance of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells HT-29/B6 to apoptosis is mediated by miR-491-5p regulation of lncRNA PRINS. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:16106. [PMID: 28149533 PMCID: PMC5279457 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a double-edged cytokine associated with pathogenesis of inflammatory-related cancers being also able to induce cancer cell death. In the process of tumour development or metastasis, cancer cells can become resistant to TNF-α. In trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) overexpressing colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29/B6), we observed enhanced resistance against TNF-α/interferon gamma-induced apoptosis. TFF3 is a secreted small peptide that supports intestinal tissue repair but is also involved in intestinal tumour progression and scattering. We hypothesised that TFF3 rescues intestinal epithelial cancer cells from TNF-α-induced apoptosis by involving regulatory RNA networks. In silico-based expression analysis revealed TFF3-mediated regulation of selected microRNAs as well as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), whereas miR-491-5p was identified to target the lncRNA ‘psoriasis susceptibility-related RNA gene induced by stress’ (PRINS). RNA interference-based gain- and loss-of-function experiments examined miR-491-PRINS axis to exert the TFF3-mediated phenotype. Chemical inhibition of selected pathways showed that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT accounts for TFF3-mediated downregulation of miR-491-5p and accumulation of PRINS. Moreover, we showed that PRINS colocalises with PMAIP1 (NOXA) in nuclei of HT-29/B6 possessing inhibitory effects. Immunoprecipitation experiments proved molecular interaction of PMAIP1 with PRINS. Our study provides an insight into RNA regulatory networks that determine resistance of colorectal cancer cells to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hanisch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Sharbati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Lise Meitner School of Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Kutz-Lohroff
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Otmar Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital , Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany
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25
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Ceramide mediates FasL-induced caspase 8 activation in colon carcinoma cells to enhance FasL-induced cytotoxicity by tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30816. [PMID: 27487939 PMCID: PMC4973238 DOI: 10.1038/srep30816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FasL-mediated cytotoxicity is one of the mechanisms that CTLs use to kill tumor cells. However, human colon carcinoma often deregulates the Fas signaling pathway to evade host cancer immune surveillance. We aimed at testing the hypothesis that novel ceramide analogs effectively modulate Fas function to sensitize colon carcinoma cells to FasL-induced apoptosis. We used rational design and synthesized twenty ceramide analogs as Fas function modulators. Five ceramide analogs, IG4, IG7, IG14, IG17, and IG19, exhibit low toxicity and potent activity in sensitization of human colon carcinoma cells to FasL-induced apoptosis. Functional deficiency of Fas limits both FasL and ceramide analogs in the induction of apoptosis. Ceramide enhances FasL-induced activation of the MAPK, NF-κB, and caspase 8 despite induction of potent tumor cell death. Finally, a sublethal dose of several ceramide analogs significantly increased CTL-mediated and FasL-induced apoptosis of colon carcinoma cells. We have therefore developed five novel ceramide analogs that act at a sublethal dose to enhance the efficacy of tumor-specific CTLs, and these ceramide analogs hold great promise for further development as adjunct agents in CTL-based colon cancer immunotherapy.
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26
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Takahashi Y, Izumi Y, Matsutani N, Dejima H, Nakayama T, Okamura R, Uehara H, Kawamura M. Optimized magnitude of cryosurgery facilitating anti-tumor immunoreaction in a mouse model of Lewis lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:973-82. [PMID: 27312061 PMCID: PMC11029219 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryosurgery has reemerged as a less invasive local treatment with possible immune-regulatory effects. However, the optimal magnitude of cryosurgery for achieving immune-regulatory responses at abscopal tumor sites remains unclear. We aimed to investigate appropriate magnitude of cryosurgery for this goal using a mouse model. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma cells or B16 melanoma cells in bilateral flanks. The left-sided tumor was cryoablated with repeated freeze/thaw cycles either once, twice, or thrice. The peritumoral injections of LPS were performed. Abscopal tumor volumes were measured, immunohistochemistry was performed for CD4, CD8, Foxp3, and Ki-67, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured in lavage fluid of cryoablated tumor. RESULTS The growth rate of the abscopal tumor was slowest in the Cryosurgery ×2 group among the five experimental groups. The proportions of CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells in the abscopal tumor were also significantly higher in the Cryosurgery ×2 group. The levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the peritumoral lavage fluid in Cryosurgery ×2 + LPS group were significantly increased compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that achievement of approximately 73 % damaged area in the cryoablated tumor by two cycles of cryosurgery generates the most favorable immune-regulatory response for abscopal tumors via activation of anti-tumor immune cells as well as increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.
| | - Yotaro Izumi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsutani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Dejima
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uehara
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kawamura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
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Kayser S, Boβ C, Feucht J, Witte KE, Scheu A, Bülow HJ, Joachim S, Stevanović S, Schumm M, Rittig SM, Lang P, Röcken M, Handgretinger R, Feuchtinger T. Rapid generation of NY-ESO-1-specific CD4 + T HELPER1 cells for adoptive T-cell therapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1002723. [PMID: 26155389 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.1002723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated antigens such as NY-ESO-1 are expressed in a variety of solid tumors but absent in mature healthy tissues with the exception of germline cells. The immune system anti-cancer attack is mediated by cell lysis or induction of growth arrest through paralysis of tumor cells, the latter of which can be achieved by tumor-specific CD4+, IFNγ-producing THelper type 1 (TH1) cells. Translation of these immune-mediated mechanisms into clinical application has been limited by availability of immune effectors, as well as the need for complex in vitro protocols and regulatory hurdles. Here, we report a procedure to generate cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1-targeting CD4+ TH1 cells in vitro for cancer immunotherapy in the clinic. After in vitro sensitization by stimulating T cells with protein-spanning, overlapping peptide pools of NY-ESO-1 in combination with IL-7 and low dose IL-2, antigen-specific T cells were isolated using IFNγ capture technique and subsequently expanded with IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15. Large numbers of NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+ T cells with a TH1 cytokine profile and lower numbers of cytokine-secreting CD8+ T cells could be generated from healthy donors with a high specificity and expansion potential. Manufactured CD4+ T cells showed strong specific TH1-responses with IFNγ+, TNFα+, IL-2+ and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. The protocol is GMP-grade and approved by the regulatory authorities. The tumor-antigen specific CD4+ TH1 lymphocytes can be adoptively transferred as a T-cell therapy to boost anticancer immunity and this novel cancer treatment approach is applicable to both T cells from healthy allogeneic donors as well as to autologous T cells derived from cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kayser
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristina Boβ
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Judith Feucht
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai-Erik Witte
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Stevanović
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Michael Schumm
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne M Rittig
- Department of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Feuchtinger
- Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Dr. von Hauner'sches Kinderspital; Ludwig-Maximilians-University ; Munich, Germany
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28
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Wang L, Wang Y, Song Z, Chu J, Qu X. Deficiency of interferon-gamma or its receptor promotes colorectal cancer development. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:273-80. [PMID: 25383957 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and its receptor (IFNγR) subunits are closely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and survival after diagnosis. However, the role of loss of IFN-γ or IFNγR function in the pathogenesis of CRC remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of endogenous IFN-γ deficiency in adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc)-mediated intestinal tumor by developing a variant of Apc(Min/+) mice. The Apc(Min/+)IFN-γ(+/-) mice presented with increased number and size of adenomas, and 41.7% of these mice developed adenocarcinoma. Molecular analyses of the adenomas suggested that heterozygous deletion of IFN-γ promoted EGFR/Erk1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In vitro, IFN-γ administration inhibited Apc-mutated HT-29 colon cancer cell proliferation and had no effect on the proliferation of HCT-116 colon cancer cells that express wild-type Apc. Besides, we challenged HT-29 cells with small interfering RNA targeting one of its receptor subunits IFNγR1. We found that knockdown of IFNγR1 in HT-29 cells stimulated cell proliferation and colony formation, which was also related to the regulation of EGFR/Erk1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, our results strongly support the notion that IFN-γ and IFNγR1 act as a rate-limiting factor in the development of CRC, uncovering a novel role for them in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan, China
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29
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Silencing Daxx increases the anti-tumor activity of a TRAIL/shRNA Bcl-xL-expressing oncolytic adenovirus through enhanced viral replication and cellular arrest. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1214-24. [PMID: 25748050 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that an increase of cellular Bcl-xL mediates acquired resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and knockdown of Bcl-xL expression greatly sensitized TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity. Here, we show that Daxx downregulation increases the anti-tumorigenic activity through enhancement of viral replication and cellular arrest with combination of TRAIL/shBcl-xL-induced apoptosis. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Daxx downregulation on the anti-tumorigenesis induced by oncolytic adenovirus arming TRAIL or TRAIL/shRNA of Bcl-xL genes. Unlike the enhanced cancer cell death induced by exogenous TRAIL or TRAIL plus shRNA of Bcl-xL, oncolytic adenovirus expressing TRAIL or TRAIL plus shRNA of Bcl-xL did not show much enhanced cancer cell death compared to oncolytic adenovirus itself. On the other hand, enhanced cytotoxic cell death and viral replication was observed after infection with oncolytic adenovirus expressing TRAIL plus shRNA of Bcl-xL and shRNA of Daxx at the same construct. Then we realized that enhanced adenoviral replication through Daxx downregulation was caused by increased adenoviral E1A protein expression and Daxx downregulation also stimulated cellular arrest through p21/p53 accumulation. Taken all together, we have shown here that Daxx downregulation should be essentially needed for the increase of anti-tumor activity through enhancement of viral replication and cellular arrest with the combination of TRAIL/shBcl-xL-induced apoptosis and oncolytic adenovirus.
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Disis ML, Stanton SE. Can immunity to breast cancer eliminate residual micrometastases? Clin Cancer Res 2014; 19:6398-403. [PMID: 24298070 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An effective immune response has the potential for breast cancer sterilization with marked reduction in the potential for disease relapse. Adaptive type I immune cells uniquely have the capability of (i) cytotoxic T-cell activation and proliferation until all antigen expressing cells are eradicated, (ii) traversing endothelial barriers to penetrate tumor deposits wherever they occur, and (iii) immunologic memory, which allows the persistence of destructive immunity over the years it may take for breast cancer micrometastases to become clinically evident. Numerous recent investigations suggest that some breast cancers stimulate the type of immunity that results in a decreased risk of relapse. Moreover, the endogenous type I tumor microenvironment or type I immunity induced by drugs or biologic agents may improve response to standard therapies, further lowering the probability of disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Disis
- Authors' Affiliation: Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Khan S, Cameron S, Blaschke M, Moriconi F, Naz N, Amanzada A, Ramadori G, Malik IA. Differential gene expression of chemokines in KRAS and BRAF mutated colorectal cell lines: Role of cytokines. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2979-2994. [PMID: 24659889 PMCID: PMC3960407 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i11.2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study KRAS/BRAF mutations in colorectal-cancer (CRC) that influences the efficacy of treatment. To develop strategies for overcoming combination of treatment.
METHODS: Five colonic cell-lines were investigated: DLD-1 with KRAS (G13D) mutation, HT 29 and Colo 205 with BRAF (V600E) mutation as well as the wild type (Wt) cell-lines Caco2 and Colo-320. DLD-1 (KRAS), HT-29 (BRAF) and Caco2 (Wt) cell lines were treated with cytokines (TNFα 50 ng, IL-1β 1 ng and IFNγ 50 ng) and harvested at different time points (1-24 h). KRAS inhibition was performed by the siRNA-approach. Two colorectal cancer cells DLD-1 and Caco2 were used for KRAS inhibition. About 70% confluency were confirmed before transfection with small interferring RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides. All the synthetic siRNA sequences were designed in our laboratory. Total RNA and protein was isolated from the cells for RT-PCR and Western blotting. Densitometry of the Western blotting was analyzed with the Image J software (NIH). Results are shown as mean ± SD.
RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis in non-stimulated cells showed a low basal expression of TNFα and IL-1β in the DLD-1 KRAS-mutated cell-line, compared to Caco2 wild type. No detection was found for IL-6 and IFNγ in any of the studied cell lines. In contrast, pro-angiogenic chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL8) showed a high constitutive expression in the mutated cell-lines DLD-1 (KRAS), HT-29 and Colo205 (BRAF), compared to wild type (Caco2). The anti-angiogenic chemokine (CXCL10) showed a high basal expression in wild-type, compared to mutated cell-lines. KRAS down-regulation by siRNA showed a significant decrease in CXCL1 and CXCL10 gene expression in the DLD-1 (KRAS) cell-line in comparison to wild type (Caco2) at 72 h after KRAS silencing. In contrast, the specific KRAS inhibition resulted in an up-regulation of CXCL1 and CXCL10. The results of our study show a higher expression of pro-angiogenic chemokines at basal level in mutated cell-lines, which was further increased by cytokine treatment.
CONCLUSION: To summarize, basal chemokine gene expression for pro-angiogenic chemokines was high in mutated as compared to wild type cell-lines. This reflects the likely existence of a different microenvironment in tumours consistent of wild type or mutated cells. This may help to rationalize the choice of molecular targets for suitable therapeutic investigation in clinical studies.
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Paschall AV, Zimmerman MA, Torres CM, Yang D, Chen MR, Li X, Bieberich E, Bai A, Bielawski J, Bielawska A, Liu K. Ceramide targets xIAP and cIAP1 to sensitize metastatic colon and breast cancer cells to apoptosis induction to suppress tumor progression. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:24. [PMID: 24422988 PMCID: PMC3898374 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ceramide is a bioeffector that mediates various cellular processes, including apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying ceramide function in apoptosis is apparently cell type-dependent and is not well-understood. We aimed at identifying molecular targets of ceramide in metastatic human colon and breast cancer cells, and determining the efficacy of ceramide analog in suppression of colon and breast cancer metastasis. Methods The activity of and mechanism underlying ceramide as a cytotoxic agent, and as a sensitizer for Fas-mediated apoptosis was analyzed in human cell lines established from primary or metastatic colon and breast cancers. The efficacy of ceramide analog LCL85 in suppression of metastasis was examined in preclinical mouse tumor models. Results Exposure of human colon carcinoma cells to ceramide analog LCL85 results in apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, a sublethal dose of LCL85 increased C16 ceramide content and overcame tumor cell resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Subsequently, treatment of tumor cells with exogenous C16 ceramide resulted in increased tumor cell sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis. LCL85 resembles Smac mimetic BV6 in sensitization of colon carcinoma cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis by inducing proteasomal degradation of cIAP1 and xIAP proteins. LCL85 also decreased xIAP1 and cIAP1 protein levels and sensitized metastatic human breast cancer cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Silencing xIAP and cIAP1 with specific siRNAs significantly increased the metastatic human colon carcinoma cell sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that IAP proteins mediate apoptosis resistance in metastatic human colon carcinoma cells and ceramide induces IAP protein degradation to sensitize the tumor cells to apoptosis induction. Consistent with its apoptosis sensitization activity, subtoxic doses of LCL85 suppressed colon carcinoma cell metastatic potential in an experimental lung metastasis mouse model, as well as breast cancer growth and spontaneous lung metastasis in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model. Conclusion We have identified xIAP and cIAP1 as molecular targets of ceramide and determined that ceramide analog LCL85 is an effective sensitizer in overcoming resistance of human cell lines established from metastatic colon and breast cancers to apoptosis induction to suppress metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Kotredes KP, Gamero AM. Interferons as inducers of apoptosis in malignant cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:162-70. [PMID: 23570382 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovered as antiviral cytokines, interferons (IFNs) are now also recognized for their capacity to inhibit the growth of malignant cells via activation of programmed cell death, better known as apoptosis. In this review, we will cover recent advances made in this field, as it pertains to the various proposed mechanisms of IFN-induced apoptosis and the characterization of IFN-responsive genes not previously known to have apoptotic function. Also mentioned here is a description of the activation and crosstalk of survival signaling pathways as a mode of IFN resistance that remains a persistent clinical adversary to overcome and the future of IFNs as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Kotredes
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Wennerberg E, Sarhan D, Carlsten M, Kaminskyy VO, D'Arcy P, Zhivotovsky B, Childs R, Lundqvist A. Doxorubicin sensitizes human tumor cells to NK cell- and T-cell-mediated killing by augmented TRAIL receptor signaling. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1643-52. [PMID: 23504627 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic that is widely used to treat different types of malignancy. In this study, it was studied whether DOX could be used to render tumor cells susceptible to apoptosis by NK and T cells. Pretreatment with subapoptotic doses of DOX sensitized tumor cell lines of various histotypes to both NK and T cells resulting in a 3.7 to 32.7% increase in lysis (2.5 mean fold increase, p < 0.0001) and a 2.9 to 14.2% increase in lysis (3.0 mean-fold increase, p < 0.05), respectively. The sensitizing effect of the drug was primarily dependent on the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/TRAIL-receptor signaling, but not on Fas-ligand, perforin, NKG2D or DNAM-1. The central role of the TRAIL signaling pathway was further supported by an increased expression of TRAIL-R2 on DOX-treated tumor cells and by downregulation of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein, the inhibitors of death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Compared to untreated cells, pretreatment of tumor cells with DOX showed increased processing and activation of caspase-8 on coculture with NK or T cells. The significance of this treatment strategy was confirmed using a xenogeneic tumor-bearing mouse model. Tumor progression was delayed in mice that received either NK cells (p < 0.05) or T cells (p < 0.0001) following DOX treatment compared to mice receiving either cell type alone. Moreover, combined infusion of both NK and T cells following DOX treatment not only delayed tumor progression but also significantly improved the long-term survival (p < 0.01). Based on these findings, it was proposed that DOX can be used to improve the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wennerberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for colon cancer using an HLA-A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope from tumor-associated antigen 90K. Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 10:275-82. [PMID: 23524651 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated antigen 90K is implicated in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion through its interaction with galectin-3 and integrin-β1 and is highly expressed in malignant tissues, making it a novel target for the development of new immunotherapies. We investigated a potential immunotherapy treatment for colon cancer using 90K-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by autologous dendritic cells and pulsed with 90K peptides. We selected three peptides (90K351, 90K5 and 90K523) that bind to HLA-A*0201 molecules on the basis of their binding affinity, as determined by a peptide-T2 binding assay. Dendritic cells pulsed with 90K peptides resulted in the efficient generation of mature dendritic cells and exhibited enhanced T-cell stimulation and polarization of naive T cells toward Th1. Dendritic cells pulsed with 90K peptides generated potent cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that lysed T2 cells loaded with each 90K peptide, and 90K(+)/HLA-A2(+) colon cancer cell lines, including HCT116 and SW480, in a dose-dependent and HLA-A*0201-restricted manner. No killing was observed in 90K(+)/HLA-A2(-) DLD1 or 90K(-)/HLA-A2(-) K562 cells. Therefore, we believe that cytotoxic T-lymphocytes stimulated by 90K peptide-pulsed dendritic cells naturally recognize the 90K peptide presented by colon cancer cells in the context of HLA-A2, and kill 90K-positive tumor cells. Dendritic cells pulsed with 90K peptides led to the induction of granzyme B and perforin positive CD8(+) T cells against HCT116 and SW480 cells, but not DLD1 cells. In conclusion, 90K-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, generated by stimulating T cells with 90K peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, could be useful effector cells for the immunotherapy treatment of colon cancer.
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Hu X, Zimmerman MA, Bardhan K, Yang D, Waller JL, Liles GB, Lee JR, Pollock R, Lev D, Ware CF, Garber E, Bailly V, Browning JL, Liu K. Lymphotoxin β receptor mediates caspase-dependent tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and tumor suppression in vivo despite induction of NF-κB activation. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1105-14. [PMID: 23349015 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Sun J, Yeung CA, Co NN, Tsang TY, Yau E, Luo K, Wu P, Wa JCY, Fung KP, Kwok TT, Liu F. Clitocine reversal of P-glycoprotein associated multi-drug resistance through down-regulation of transcription factor NF-κB in R-HepG2 cell line. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40720. [PMID: 22927901 PMCID: PMC3425549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance(MDR)is one of the major reasons for failure in cancer chemotherapy and its suppression may increase the efficacy of therapy. The human multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene encodes the plasma membrane P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that pumps various anti-cancer agents out of the cancer cell. R-HepG2 and MES-SA/Dx5 cells are doxorubicin induced P-gp over-expressed MDR sublines of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and human uterine carcinoma MES-SA cells respectively. Herein, we observed that clitocine, a natural compound extracted from Leucopaxillus giganteus, presented similar cytotoxicity in multidrug resistant cell lines compared with their parental cell lines and significantly suppressed the expression of P-gp in R-HepG2 and MES-SA/Dx5 cells. Further study showed that the clitocine increased the sensitivity and intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin in R-HepG2 cells accompanying down-regulated MDR1 mRNA level and promoter activity, indicating the reversal effect of MDR by clitocine. A 5′-serial truncation analysis of the MDR1 promoter defined a region from position −450 to −193 to be critical for clitocine suppression of MDR1. Mutation of a consensus NF-κB binding site in the defined region and overexpression of NF-κB p65 could offset the suppression effect of clitocine on MDR1 promoter. By immunohistochemistry, clitocine was confirmed to suppress the protein levels of both P-gp and NF-κB p65 in R-HepG2 cells and tumors. Clitocine also inhibited the expression of NF-κB p65 in MES-SA/Dx5. More importantly, clitocine could suppress the NF-κB activation even in presence of doxorubicin. Taken together; our results suggested that clitocine could reverse P-gp associated MDR via down-regulation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Sun
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Chilam Au Yeung
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ngai Na Co
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsun Yee Tsang
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Esmond Yau
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewang Luo
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Judy Chan Yuet Wa
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tim-Tak Kwok
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FL); (TTK)
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FL); (TTK)
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Zimmerman MA, Rahman NT, Yang D, Lahat G, Lazar AJ, Pollock RE, Lev D, Liu K. Unphosphorylated STAT1 promotes sarcoma development through repressing expression of Fas and bad and conferring apoptotic resistance. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4724-32. [PMID: 22805310 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STAT1 exists in phosphorylated (pSTAT1) and unphosphorylated (uSTAT1) forms each regulated by IFN-γ. Although STAT1 is a key mediator of the IFN-γ signaling pathway, an essential component of the host cancer immunosurveillance system, STAT1 is also overexpressed in certain human cancers where the functions of pSTAT1 and uSTAT1 are ill defined. Using a murine model of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), we show that disruption of the IFN effector molecule IRF8 decreases pSTAT1 and increases uSTAT1 in STS cells, thereby increasing their metastatic potential. We determined that the IRF8 gene promoter was hypermethylated frequently in human STS. An analysis of 123 human STS specimens revealed that high uSTAT1 levels in tumor cells was correlated with a reduction in disease-specific survival (DSS), whereas high pSTAT1 levels in tumor cells were correlated with an increase in DSS. In addition, uSTAT1 levels were negatively correlated with pSTAT1 levels in these STS specimens. Mechanistic investigations revealed that IRF8 suppressed STAT1 transcription by binding the STAT1 promoter. RNAi-mediated silencing of STAT1 in STS cells was sufficient to increase expression of the apoptotic mediators Fas and Bad and to elevate the sensitivity of STS cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Together, our findings show how the phosphorylation status of pSTAT1 determines its function as a tumor suppressor, with uSTAT1 acting as a tumor promoter that acts by elevating resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis to promote immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Zimmerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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Liu F, Bardhan K, Yang D, Thangaraju M, Ganapathy V, Waller JL, Liles GB, Lee JR, Liu K. NF-κB directly regulates Fas transcription to modulate Fas-mediated apoptosis and tumor suppression. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25530-40. [PMID: 22669972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.356279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas is a member of the death receptor family. Stimulation of Fas leads to induction of apoptotic signals, such as caspase 8 activation, as well as "non-apoptotic" cellular responses, notably NF-κB activation. Convincing experimental data have identified NF-κB as a critical promoter of cancer development, creating a solid rationale for the development of antitumor therapy that suppresses NF-κB activity. On the other hand, compelling data have also shown that NF-κB activity enhances tumor cell sensitivity to apoptosis and senescence. Furthermore, although stimulation of Fas activates NF-κB, the function of NF-κB in the Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway remains largely undefined. In this study, we observed that deficiency of either Fas or FasL resulted in significantly increased incidence of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced spontaneous sarcoma development in mice. Furthermore, Fas-deficient mice also exhibited significantly greater incidence of azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colon carcinoma. In addition, human colorectal cancer patients with high Fas protein in their tumor cells had a longer time before recurrence occurred. Engagement of Fas with FasL triggered NF-κB activation. Interestingly, canonical NF-κB was found to directly bind to the FAS promoter. Blocking canonical NF-κB activation diminished Fas expression, whereas blocking alternate NF-κB increased Fas expression in human carcinoma cells. Moreover, although canonical NF-κB protected mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells from TNFα-induced apoptosis, knocking out p65 diminished Fas expression in MEF cells, resulting in inhibition of FasL-induced caspase 8 activation and apoptosis. In contrast, knocking out p52 increased Fas expression in MEF cells. Our observations suggest that canonical NF-κB is a Fas transcription activator and alternate NF-κB is a Fas transcription repressor, and Fas functions as a suppressor of spontaneous sarcoma and colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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Yang D, Torres CM, Bardhan K, Zimmerman M, McGaha TL, Liu K. Decitabine and vorinostat cooperate to sensitize colon carcinoma cells to Fas ligand-induced apoptosis in vitro and tumor suppression in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4441-9. [PMID: 22461695 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The death receptor Fas and its physiological ligand (FasL) regulate apoptosis of cancerous cells, thereby functioning as a critical component of the host cancer immunosurveillance system. To evade Fas-mediated apoptosis, cancer cells often downregulate Fas to acquire an apoptosis-resistant phenotype, which is a hallmark of metastatic human colorectal cancer. Therefore, targeting Fas resistance is of critical importance in Fas-based cancer therapy and immunotherapy. In this study, we demonstrated that epigenetic inhibitors decitabine and vorinostat cooperate to upregulate Fas expression in metastatic human colon carcinoma cells. Decitabine also upregulates BNIP3 and Bik expression, whereas vorinostat decreased Bcl-x(L) expression. Altered expression of Fas, BNIP3, Bik, and Bcl-x(L) resulted in effective sensitization of the metastatic human colon carcinoma cells to FasL-induced apoptosis. Using an experimental metastasis mouse model, we further demonstrated that decitabine and vorinostat cooperate to suppress colon carcinoma metastasis. Analysis of tumor-bearing lung tissues revealed that a large portion of tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells are FasL(+), and decitabine and vorinostat-mediated tumor-suppression efficacy was significantly decreased in Fas(gld) mice compared with wild-type mice, suggesting a critical role for FasL in decitabine and vorinostat-mediated tumor suppression in vivo. Consistent with their function in apoptosis sensitization, decitabine and vorinostat significantly increased the efficacy of CTL adoptive transfer immunotherapy in an experimental metastasis mouse model. Thus, our data suggest that combined modalities of chemotherapy to sensitize the tumor cell to Fas-mediated apoptosis and CTL immunotherapy is an effective approach for the suppression of colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Ifeadi V, Garnett-Benson C. Sub-lethal irradiation of human colorectal tumor cells imparts enhanced and sustained susceptibility to multiple death receptor signaling pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31762. [PMID: 22389673 PMCID: PMC3289623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Death receptors (DR) of the TNF family function as anti-tumor immune effector molecules. Tumor cells, however, often exhibit DR-signaling resistance. Previous studies indicate that radiation can modify gene expression within tumor cells and increase tumor cell sensitivity to immune attack. The aim of this study is to investigate the synergistic effect of sub-lethal doses of ionizing radiation in sensitizing colorectal carcinoma cells to death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Methodology/Principal Findings The ability of radiation to modulate the expression of multiple death receptors (Fas/CD95, TRAILR1/DR4, TRAILR2/DR5, TNF-R1 and LTβR) was examined in colorectal tumor cells. The functional significance of sub-lethal doses of radiation in enhancing tumor cell susceptibility to DR-induced apoptosis was determined by in vitro functional sensitivity assays. The longevity of these changes and the underlying molecular mechanism of irradiation in sensitizing diverse colorectal carcinoma cells to death receptor-mediated apoptosis were also examined. We found that radiation increased surface expression of Fas, DR4 and DR5 but not LTβR or TNF-R1 in these cells. Increased expression of DRs was observed 2 days post-irradiation and remained elevated 7-days post irradiation. Sub-lethal tumor cell irradiation alone exhibited minimal cell death, but effectively sensitized three of three colorectal carcinoma cells to both TRAIL and Fas-induced apoptosis, but not LTβR-induced death. Furthermore, radiation-enhanced Fas and TRAIL-induced cell death lasted as long as 5-days post-irradiation. Specific analysis of intracellular sensitizers to apoptosis indicated that while radiation did reduce Bcl-XL and c-FLIP protein expression, this reduction did not correlate with the radiation-enhanced sensitivity to Fas and/or TRAIL mediated apoptosis among the three cell types. Conclusions/Significance Irradiation of tumor cells can overcome Fas and TRAIL resistance that is long lasting. Overall, results of these investigations suggest that non-lethal doses of radiation can be used to make human tumors more amenable to attack by anti-tumor effector molecules and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlie Garnett-Benson
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Durfort T, Tkach M, Meschaninova MI, Rivas MA, Elizalde PV, Venyaminova AG, Schillaci R, François JC. Small interfering RNA targeted to IGF-IR delays tumor growth and induces proinflammatory cytokines in a mouse breast cancer model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29213. [PMID: 22235273 PMCID: PMC3250415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its type I receptor (IGF-IR) play significant roles in tumorigenesis and in immune response. Here, we wanted to know whether an RNA interference approach targeted to IGF-IR could be used for specific antitumor immunostimulation in a breast cancer model. For that, we evaluated short interfering RNA (siRNAs) for inhibition of in vivo tumor growth and immunological stimulation in immunocompetent mice. We designed 2′-O-methyl-modified siRNAs to inhibit expression of IGF-IR in two murine breast cancer cell lines (EMT6, C4HD). Cell transfection of IGF-IR siRNAs decreased proliferation, diminished phosphorylation of downstream signaling pathway proteins, AKT and ERK, and caused a G0/G1 cell cycle block. The IGF-IR silencing also induced secretion of two proinflammatory cytokines, TNF- α and IFN-γ. When we transfected C4HD cells with siRNAs targeting IGF-IR, mammary tumor growth was strongly delayed in syngenic mice. Histology of developing tumors in mice grafted with IGF-IR siRNA treated C4HD cells revealed a low mitotic index, and infiltration of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils, suggesting activation of an antitumor immune response. When we used C4HD cells treated with siRNA as an immunogen, we observed an increase in delayed-type hypersensitivity and the presence of cytotoxic splenocytes against wild-type C4HD cells, indicative of evolving immune response. Our findings show that silencing IGF-IR using synthetic siRNA bearing 2′-O-methyl nucleotides may offer a new clinical approach for treatment of mammary tumors expressing IGF-IR. Interestingly, our work also suggests that crosstalk between IGF-I axis and antitumor immune response can mobilize proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphanie Durfort
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U565, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche, Scientifique, UMR 7196; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Mercedes Tkach
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariya I. Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine - Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB-RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Martín A. Rivas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia V. Elizalde
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alya G. Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine - Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB-RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Christophe François
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U565, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche, Scientifique, UMR 7196; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Yang J, Hu X, Zimmerman M, Torres CM, Yang D, Smith SB, Liu K. Cutting edge: IRF8 regulates Bax transcription in vivo in primary myeloid cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4426-30. [PMID: 21949018 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A prominent phenotype of IRF8 knockout (KO) mice is the uncontrolled expansion of immature myeloid cells. The molecular mechanism underlying this myeloproliferative syndrome is still elusive. In this study, we observed that Bax expression level is low in bone marrow preginitor cells and increases dramatically in primary myeloid cells in wt mice. In contrast, Bax expression level remained at a low level in primarymyeloid cells in IRF8 KO mice. However, in vitro IRF8 KO bone marrow-differentiated myeloid cells expressed Bax at a level as high as that in wild type myeloid cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IRF8 specifically binds to the Bax promoter region in primary myeloid cells. Functional analysis indicated that IRF8 deficiency results in increased resistance of the primary myeloid cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Our findings show that IRF8 directly regulates Bax transcription in vivo, but not in vitro during myeloid cell lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Yang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Ren X, Huber-Keener KJ, Lee S, Yun J, Wang HG, Yang JM. Inhibition of eEF-2 kinase sensitizes human glioma cells to TRAIL and down-regulates Bcl-xL expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:129-34. [PMID: 21945617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF-2 kinase, also known as calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III), is a unique calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzyme that inhibits protein synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating elongation factor-2 (eEF-2). We previously reported that expression/activity of eEF-2 kinase was up-regulated in several types of malignancies including Gliomas, and was associated with response of tumor cells to certain therapeutic stress. In the current study, we sought to determine whether eEF-2 kinase expression affected sensitivity of glioma cells to treatment with tumor the necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a targeted therapy able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells but causes no toxicity in most normal cells. We found that inhibition of eEF-2 kinase by RNA interference (RNAi) or by a pharmacological inhibitor (NH125) enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the human glioma cells, as evidenced by an increase in apoptosis in the tumor cells treated with eEF-2 kinase siRNA or the eEF-2 kinase inhibitor. We further demonstrated that sensitization of tumor cells to TRAIL was accompanied by a down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-xL, and that overexpression of Bcl-xL could abrogate the sensitizing effect of inhibiting eEF-2 kinase on TRAIL. The results of this study may help devise a new therapeutic strategy for enhancing the efficacy of TRAIL against malignant glioma by targeting eEF-2 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Liu F, Liu Q, Yang D, Bollag WB, Robertson K, Wu P, Liu K. Verticillin A overcomes apoptosis resistance in human colon carcinoma through DNA methylation-dependent upregulation of BNIP3. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6807-16. [PMID: 21911457 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major cause of failure in cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, identification and combined use of adjuvant compounds that can overcome drug resistance may improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. We screened extracts of Verticillium species-infected mushrooms for antitumor compounds and identified the compound Verticillin A as an inducer of hepatoma cell apoptosis in vitro and an inhibitor of tumor xenograft growth in vivo. Verticillin A exhibited a potent apoptosis-sensitizing activity in human colon carcinoma cells exposed to TRAIL or Fas in vitro. Furthermore, Verticillin A effectively sensitized metastatic human colon carcinoma xenograft to TRAIL-mediated growth inhibition in vivo. At the molecular level, we observed that Verticillin A induces cell-cycle arrest in the G₂ phase of the cell cycle in human colon carcinoma cells, markedly upregulating BNIP3 in both hepatoma and colon carcinoma cells. Notably, silencing BNIP3 decreased the sensitivity of tumor cells to Verticillin A-induced apoptosis in the absence or presence of TRAIL. We found that the BNIP3 promoter is methylated in both human hepatoma and colon carcinoma cells and tumor specimens. Verticillin A upregulated the expression of a panel of genes known to be regulated at the level of DNA methylation, in support of the concept that Verticillin A may act by demethylating the BNIP3 promoter to upregulate BNIP3 expression. Taken together, our findings identify Verticillin A as a potent apoptosis sensitizer with great promise for further development as an adjuvant agent to overcome drug resistance in human cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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Chen L, He Z, Qin L, Li Q, Shi X, Zhao S, Chen L, Zhong N, Chen X. Antitumor effect of malaria parasite infection in a murine Lewis lung cancer model through induction of innate and adaptive immunity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24407. [PMID: 21931708 PMCID: PMC3170332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the most common malignancy in humans and its high fatality means that no effective treatment is available. Developing new therapeutic strategies for lung cancer is urgently needed. Malaria has been reported to stimulate host immune responses, which are believed to be efficacious for combating some clinical cancers. This study is aimed to provide evidence that malaria parasite infection is therapeutic for lung cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings Antitumor effect of malaria infection was examined in both subcutaneously and intravenously implanted murine Lewis lung cancer (LLC) model. The results showed that malaria infection inhibited LLC growth and metastasis and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Histological analysis of tumors from mice infected with malaria revealed that angiogenesis was inhibited, which correlated with increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated (TUNEL) staining and decreased Ki-67 expression in tumors. Through natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity activity, cytokine assays, enzyme-linked immunospot assay, lymphocyte proliferation, and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that malaria infection provided anti-tumor effects by inducing both a potent anti-tumor innate immune response, including the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α and the activation of NK cells as well as adaptive anti-tumor immunity with increasing tumor-specific T-cell proliferation and cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells. Notably, tumor-bearing mice infected with the parasite developed long-lasting and effective tumor-specific immunity. Consequently, we found that malaria parasite infection could enhance the immune response of lung cancer DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1-hMUC1 and the combination produced a synergistic antitumor effect. Conclusions/Significance Malaria infection significantly suppresses LLC growth via induction of innate and adaptive antitumor responses in a mouse model. These data suggest that the malaria parasite may provide a novel strategy or therapeutic vaccine vector for anti-lung cancer immune-based therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/immunology
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/parasitology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/surgery
- Cell Proliferation
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Malaria/parasitology
- Mice
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Parasites/immunology
- Plasmodium yoelii/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Center for Infection and Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS-FS Biotech and Pharmaceutical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Foshan, China
| | - Zhengxiang He
- Center for Infection and Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS-FS Biotech and Pharmaceutical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Foshan, China
| | - Li Qin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS-FS Biotech and Pharmaceutical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Foshan, China
| | - Qinyan Li
- Center for Infection and Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS-FS Biotech and Pharmaceutical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Foshan, China
| | - Xibao Shi
- Center for Infection and Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siting Zhao
- Center for Infection and Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Center for Infection and Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XC) (NZ); (NZ) (XC)
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Center for Infection and Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS-FS Biotech and Pharmaceutical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Foshan, China
- * E-mail: (XC) (NZ); (NZ) (XC)
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Slattery ML, Lundgreen A, Bondurant KL, Wolff RK. Interferon-signaling pathway: associations with colon and rectal cancer risk and subsequent survival. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1660-7. [PMID: 21859832 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins involved in many functions including antiviral and antimicrobial response, apoptosis, cell cycle control and mediating other cytokines. IFN gamma (IFNG) is a proinflammatory cytokine that modulates many immune-related genes. In this study we examine genetic variation in IFNG, IFNGR1, IFNGR2 and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) to determine associations with colon and rectal cancer and survival after diagnosis. We include data from two population-based incident studies of colon cancer (1555 cases and 1956 controls) and rectal cancer (754 cases and 959 controls). Five tagSNPs in IFNG, IRF2 and IRF3 were associated with colon cancer and eight tagSNPs in IFNGR1, IFNGR2, IRF2, IRF4, IRF6 and IRF8 were associated with rectal cancer. IRF3 rs2304204 was associated with the strongest direct association and IRF2 3775554 with the strongest inverse association for colon cancer [odds ratios (ORs) 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.82 for recessive model and 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.97 for unrestricted model]. For rectal cancer, IFNGR1 rs3799488 was directly associated with risk (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.04-5.09 for recessive model), whereas IRF6 rs861020 was inversely associated with risk (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.95). Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms interacted significant with both NF-κB1 and IL6 and with aspirin/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cigarette smoking. Using a summary score to estimate mutational load, we observed a hazard rate ratio (HRR) close to 5.00 (95% CI 2.73-8.99) for both colon and rectal (HRR 4.83, 95% CI 2.34-10.05) cancer for those in the category having the most at-risk genotypes. These data suggest the importance of IFN-signaling pathway on colon and rectal cancer risk and survival after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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