1
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Fraszczak J, Arman KM, Lacroix M, Vadnais C, Gaboury L, Möröy T. Severe Inflammatory Reactions in Mice Expressing a GFI1 P2A Mutant Defective in Binding to the Histone Demethylase KDM1A (LSD1). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1599-1615. [PMID: 34408010 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GFI1 is a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates hematopoiesis by repressing target genes through its association with complexes containing histone demethylases such as KDM1A (LSD1) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). To study the consequences of the disruption of the complex between GFI1 and histone-modifying enzymes, we have used knock-in mice harboring a P2A mutation in GFI1 coding region that renders it unable to bind LSD1 and associated histone-modifying enzymes such as HDACs. GFI1P2A mice die prematurely and show increased numbers of memory effector and regulatory T cells in the spleen accompanied by a severe systemic inflammation with high serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β and overexpression of the gene encoding the cytokine oncostatin M (OSM). We identified lung alveolar macrophages, CD8 T cell from the spleen and thymic eosinophils, and monocytes as the sources of these cytokines in GFI1P2A mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GFI1/LSD1 complexes occupy sites at the Osm promoter and an intragenic region of the Tnfα gene and that a GFI1P2A mutant still remains bound at these sites even without LSD1. Methylation and acetylation of histone H3 at these sites were enriched in cells from GFI1P2A mice, the H3K27 acetylation being the most significant. These data suggest that the histone modification facilitated by GFI1 is critical to control inflammatory pathways in different cell types, including monocytes and eosinophils, and that a disruption of GFI1-associated complexes can lead to systemic inflammation with fatal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaifee Mohammad Arman
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marion Lacroix
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Charles Vadnais
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louis Gaboury
- Unité de Recherche en Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire, Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Montreal, Canada.,Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; and
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; .,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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2
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Batcha AMN, Bamopoulos SA, Kerbs P, Kumar A, Jurinovic V, Rothenberg-Thurley M, Ksienzyk B, Philippou-Massier J, Krebs S, Blum H, Schneider S, Konstandin N, Bohlander SK, Heckman C, Kontro M, Hiddemann W, Spiekermann K, Braess J, Metzeler KH, Greif PA, Mansmann U, Herold T. Allelic Imbalance of Recurrently Mutated Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11796. [PMID: 31409822 PMCID: PMC6692371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The patho-mechanism of somatic driver mutations in cancer usually involves transcription, but the proportion of mutations and wild-type alleles transcribed from DNA to RNA is largely unknown. We systematically compared the variant allele frequencies of recurrently mutated genes in DNA and RNA sequencing data of 246 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. We observed that 95% of all detected variants were transcribed while the rest were not detectable in RNA sequencing with a minimum read-depth cut-off (10x). Our analysis focusing on 11 genes harbouring recurring mutations demonstrated allelic imbalance (AI) in most patients. GATA2, RUNX1, TET2, SRSF2, IDH2, PTPN11, WT1, NPM1 and CEBPA showed significant AIs. While the effect size was small in general, GATA2 exhibited the largest allelic imbalance. By pooling heterogeneous data from three independent AML cohorts with paired DNA and RNA sequencing (N = 253), we could validate the preferential transcription of GATA2-mutated alleles. Differential expression analysis of the genes with significant AI showed no significant differential gene and isoform expression for the mutated genes, between mutated and wild-type patients. In conclusion, our analyses identified AI in nine out of eleven recurrently mutated genes. AI might be a common phenomenon in AML which potentially contributes to leukaemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarif M N Batcha
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Data Integration for Future Medicine (DiFuture, www.difuture.de), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefanos A Bamopoulos
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Kerbs
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vindi Jurinovic
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maja Rothenberg-Thurley
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianka Ksienzyk
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Philippou-Massier
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikola Konstandin
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kontro
- Department of Haematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Braess
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus H Metzeler
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp A Greif
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mansmann
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Data Integration for Future Medicine (DiFuture, www.difuture.de), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Herold
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany.
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3
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McReynolds LJ, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Tang J, Mulé M, Hsu AP, Townsley DM, West RR, Zhu J, Hickstein DD, Holland SM, Calvo KR, Hourigan CS. Rapid progression to AML in a patient with germline GATA2 mutation and acquired NRAS Q61K mutation. Leuk Res Rep 2019; 12:100176. [PMID: 31245276 PMCID: PMC6582196 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA2 deficiency syndrome is caused by autosomal dominant, heterozygous germline mutations with widespread effects on immune, pulmonary and vascular systems. Patients commonly develop hematological abnormalities including bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present a patient with GATA2 mutation and MDS who progressed to AML over four months. Whole exome and targeted deep sequencing identified a new p.Q61K NRAS mutation in the bone marrow at the time of AML development. Rapid development of AML is possible in the setting of germline GATA2 mutation despite stable MDS, supporting close monitoring and consideration of early allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J McReynolds
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yubo Zhang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yanqin Yang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jingrong Tang
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Mulé
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Robert R West
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Zhu
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dennis D Hickstein
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher S Hourigan
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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4
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5
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Basilico S, Göttgens B. Dysregulation of haematopoietic stem cell regulatory programs in acute myeloid leukaemia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:719-727. [PMID: 28429049 PMCID: PMC5487585 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are situated at the apex of the haematopoietic differentiation hierarchy, ensuring the life-long supply of mature haematopoietic cells and forming a reservoir to replenish the haematopoietic system in case of emergency such as acute blood loss. To maintain a balanced production of all mature lineages and at the same time secure a stem cell reservoir, intricate regulatory programs have evolved to control multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Leukaemogenic mutations commonly disrupt these regulatory programs causing a block in differentiation with simultaneous enhancement of proliferation. Here, we briefly summarize key aspects of HSPC regulatory programs, and then focus on their disruption by leukaemogenic fusion genes containing the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) gene. Using MLL as an example, we explore important questions of wider significance that are still under debate, including the importance of cell of origin, to what extent leukaemia oncogenes impose specific regulatory programs and the relevance of leukaemia stem cells for disease development and prognosis. Finally, we suggest that disruption of stem cell regulatory programs is likely to play an important role in many other pathologies including ageing-associated regenerative failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Basilico
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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6
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Wang H, Schaefer T, Konantz M, Braun M, Varga Z, Paczulla AM, Reich S, Jacob F, Perner S, Moch H, Fehm TN, Kanz L, Schulze-Osthoff K, Lengerke C. Prominent Oncogenic Roles of EVI1 in Breast Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2148-2160. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Fraszczak J, Helness A, Chen R, Vadnais C, Robert F, Khandanpour C, Möröy T. Threshold Levels of Gfi1 Maintain E2A Activity for B Cell Commitment via Repression of Id1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160344. [PMID: 27467586 PMCID: PMC4965025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A regulatory circuit that controls myeloid versus B lymphoid cell fate in hematopoietic progenitors has been proposed, in which a network of the transcription factors Egr1/2, Nab, Gfi1 and PU.1 forms the core element. Here we show that a direct link between Gfi1, the transcription factor E2A and its inhibitor Id1 is a critical element of this regulatory circuit. Our data suggest that a certain threshold of Gfi1 is required to gauge E2A activity by adjusting levels of Id1 in multipotent progenitors, which are the first bipotential myeloid/lymphoid-restricted progeny of hematopoietic stem cells. If Gfi1 levels are high, Id1 is repressed enabling E2A to activate a specific set of B lineage genes by binding to regulatory elements for example the IL7 receptor gene. If Gfi1 levels fall below a threshold, Id1 expression increases and renders E2A unable to function, which prevents hematopoietic progenitors from engaging along the B lymphoid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fraszczak
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Helness
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Riyan Chen
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Vadnais
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Robert
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Danis E, Yamauchi T, Echanique K, Haladyna J, Kalkur R, Riedel S, Zhu N, Xie H, Bernt KM, Orkin SH, Armstrong SA, Neff T. Inactivation of Eed impedes MLL-AF9-mediated leukemogenesis through Cdkn2a-dependent and Cdkn2a-independent mechanisms in a murine model. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:930-935.e6. [PMID: 26118502 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a chromatin regulator with central roles in development and cancer. The canonical function of PRC2 is the trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine residue 27. This epigenetic modification is associated with gene silencing. Both tumor suppressor and oncogenic functions have been reported for PRC2, depending on cellular context. In leukemia mediated by the leukemogenic fusion MLL-AF9, complete ablation of canonical PRC2 function by genetic inactivation of the core component embryonic ectoderm development (Eed) or by combined pharmacologic inhibition of the PRC2 methyltransferases EZH2 and EZH1 has a strong anti-leukemic effect, and this effect has been linked to de-repression of the PRC2 target locus Cdkn2a. We asked whether inactivation of Cdkn2a is sufficient to restore leukemic activity of Eed-inactivated MLL-AF9 leukemia cells, using combined genetic inactivation of Cdkn2a and Eed. We found that Cdkn2a inactivation partially rescues in vitro and in vivo growth of Eed-inactivated MLL-AF9 cells. However, the growth of Eed-null Cdkn2a-null MLL-AF9 cells in the absence of Cdkn2a remained severely compromised in vitro and in vivo, compared with that of their Eed-floxed Cdkn2a-null counterparts. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that several genes previously implicated in inefficient growth of MLL-AF9-transformed cells, including Gata2, Egr1, and Cdkn2b were de-repressed as a consequence of Eed inactivation. Furthermore, we found that direct binding targets of MLL fusion proteins are negatively enriched in Eed-inactivated Cdkn2a-null MLL-AF9-transformed cells. Our data indicate that interference with PRC2 function affects MLL-AF9-mediated leukemogenesis by both Cdkn2a-dependent and Cdkn2a-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Danis
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Denver, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Taylor Yamauchi
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Denver, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristen Echanique
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Denver, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica Haladyna
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Denver, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Roshni Kalkur
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Denver, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Simone Riedel
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Denver, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nan Zhu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, and Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman Research Center, 417 East 68th Street New York, NY 10065New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Huafeng Xie
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and HHMI, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kathrin M Bernt
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Denver, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and HHMI, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, and Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman Research Center, 417 East 68th Street New York, NY 10065New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tobias Neff
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Denver, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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9
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Nandakumar SK, Johnson K, Throm SL, Pestina TI, Neale G, Persons DA. Low-level GATA2 overexpression promotes myeloid progenitor self-renewal and blocks lymphoid differentiation in mice. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:565-77.e1-10. [PMID: 25907033 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA2 is highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and is downregulated during lineage maturation. Gain of function mutations, loss of function mutations, and overexpression of GATA2 have been reported in acute myeloid leukemia. In previous studies, we and others showed that GATA2 overexpression at high levels, similar to that seen in hematopoietic stem cells, blocked differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. To better understand the effects of GATA2, we designed a Tamoxifen-inducible GATA2-estrogen receptor (ERT) vector. In the absence of Tamoxifen, small amounts of GATA2-ERT were still able to enter the nucleus in mouse bone marrow (BM) cells, providing us with a tool to test the effects of low-level GATA2 overexpression. We observed that this low-level GATA2 overexpression enhanced self-renewal of myeloid progenitors in vitro and resulted in immortalization of BM cells to myeloid cell lines. Continuous GATA2-ERT expression was required for the proliferation of these immortalized lines. Myeloid expansion and a block in T and B lineage differentiation were observed in mice transplanted with GATA2-ERT-expressing BM cells. Myeloid expansion occurred after the granulocyte monocyte progenitor stage, and lymphoid block was distal to the common lymphoid progenitor in transgenic mice. GATA2 appeared to induce growth via downstream activation of Nmyc and Hoxa9. Our results demonstrate that GATA2 overexpression at low level confers self-renewal capacity to myeloid progenitors and is relevant to myeloid leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Nandakumar
- Department of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Kyle Johnson
- Department of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stacy L Throm
- Department of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tamara I Pestina
- Department of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Derek A Persons
- Department of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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10
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Interaction of c-Myb with p300 is required for the induction of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by human AML oncogenes. Blood 2014; 123:2682-90. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-413187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
A mutation preventing interaction between c-Myb and p300 prevents transformation and leukemia induction by MLL-AF9 and AML1-ETO9a oncogenes. Identifying agents that block the c-Myb-p300 interaction may be a valuable approach to developing a therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.
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11
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Celton M, Forest A, Gosse G, Lemieux S, Hebert J, Sauvageau G, Wilhelm BT. Epigenetic regulation of GATA2 and its impact on normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 28:1617-26. [PMID: 24514424 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The GATA2 gene encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of normal hematopoiesis. Mutations in GATA2 have been implicated in the development of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using RNA sequencing we now report that GATA2 is either mutated with a functional consequence, or expressed at low levels in the majority of normal karyotype AML (NK-AML). We also show that low-GATA2-expressing specimens (GATA2(low)) exhibit allele-specific expression (ASE) (skewing) in more than half of AML patients examined. We demonstrate that the hypermethylation of the silenced allele can be reversed by exposure to demethylating agents, which also restores biallelic expression of GATA2. We show that GATA2(low) AML lack the prototypical R882 mutation in DNMT3A frequently observed in NK-AML patients and that The Cancer Genome Atlas AML specimens with DNMT3A R882 mutations are characterized by CpG hypomethylation of GATA2. Finally, we validate that several known missense single-nucleotide polymorphisms in GATA2 are actually loss-of-function variants, which, when combined with ASE, represent the equivalent of homozygous GATA2 mutations. From a broader perspective, this work suggests for the first time that determinants of ASE likely have a key role in human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Celton
- 1] Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada [2] Laboratory for high-throughput genomics, Montreal, Québec, Canada [3] INRA, UMR1083, Sciences Pour l'Oenologie, Montpellier, France
| | - A Forest
- 1] Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada [2] Laboratory for high-throughput genomics, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Gosse
- 1] Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada [2] Laboratory for high-throughput genomics, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - S Lemieux
- 1] Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada [2] Laboratory for Functional and Structural Bioinformatics, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - J Hebert
- 1] Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada [2] Leukemia Cell Bank of Quebec and Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Sauvageau
- 1] Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada [2] Leukemia Cell Bank of Quebec and Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada [3] Laboratory for Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - B T Wilhelm
- 1] Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada [2] Laboratory for high-throughput genomics, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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12
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Moignard V, Göttgens B. Transcriptional mechanisms of cell fate decisions revealed by single cell expression profiling. Bioessays 2014; 36:419-26. [PMID: 24470343 PMCID: PMC3992849 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional networks regulate cell fate decisions, which occur at the level of individual cells. However, much of what we know about their structure and function comes from studies averaging measurements over large populations of cells, many of which are functionally heterogeneous. Such studies conceal the variability between cells and so prevent us from determining the nature of heterogeneity at the molecular level. In recent years, many protocols and platforms have been developed that allow the high throughput analysis of gene expression in single cells, opening the door to a new era of biology. Here, we discuss the need for single cell gene expression analysis to gain deeper insights into the transcriptional control of cell fate decisions, and consider the insights it has provided so far into transcriptional regulatory networks in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Moignard
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Zhao L, Ye P, Gonda TJ. The MYB proto-oncogene suppresses monocytic differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells via transcriptional activation of its target gene GFI1. Oncogene 2013; 33:4442-9. [PMID: 24121275 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The MYB gene is a master regulator of hematopoiesis and contributes to leukemogenesis in several species including humans. Although it is clear that MYB can promote proliferation, suppress apoptosis and block differentiation, the identities of the MYB target genes that mediate these effects have only been partially elucidated. Several studies, including our own, have collectively identified substantial numbers of MYB target genes, including candidates for each of these activities; however, functional validation, particularly in the case of differentiation suppression, has lagged well behind. Here we show that GFI1, which encodes an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and granulocytic differentiation, is a direct target of MYB in myeloid leukemia cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter studies identified a functional MYB-binding site in the promoter region of GFI, whereas ectopic expression and small hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of MYB resulted in concomitant increases and decreases, respectively, in GFI1 expression. We also demonstrate that GFI1, like MYB, can block the induced monocytic differentiation of a human acute myeloid leukemia cell line, and most importantly, that GFI1 is essential for MYB's ability to block monocytic differentiation. Thus, we have identified a target of MYB that is a likely mediator of its myeloid differentiation-blocking activity, and which may also be involved in MYB's activities in regulating normal HSC function and myeloid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P Ye
- 1] The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia [2] School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T J Gonda
- 1] The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia [2] School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Calero-Nieto FJ, Joshi A, Bonadies N, Kinston S, Chan WI, Gudgin E, Pridans C, Landry JR, Kikuchi J, Huntly BJ, Gottgens B. HOX-mediated LMO2 expression in embryonic mesoderm is recapitulated in acute leukaemias. Oncogene 2013; 32:5471-80. [PMID: 23708655 PMCID: PMC3898495 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Lim Domain Only 2 (LMO2) leukaemia oncogene encodes an LIM domain transcriptional cofactor required for early haematopoiesis. During embryogenesis, LMO2 is also expressed in developing tail and limb buds, an expression pattern we now show to be recapitulated in transgenic mice by an enhancer in LMO2 intron 4. Limb bud expression depended on a cluster of HOX binding sites, while posterior tail expression required the HOX sites and two E-boxes. Given the importance of both LMO2 and HOX genes in acute leukaemias, we further demonstrated that the regulatory hierarchy of HOX control of LMO2 is activated in leukaemia mouse models as well as in patient samples. Moreover, Lmo2 knock-down impaired the growth of leukaemic cells, and high LMO2 expression at diagnosis correlated with poor survival in cytogenetically normal AML patients. Taken together, these results establish a regulatory hierarchy of HOX control of LMO2 in normal development, which can be resurrected during leukaemia development. Redeployment of embryonic regulatory hierarchies in an aberrant context is likely to be relevant in human pathologies beyond the specific example of ectopic activation of LMO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Calero-Nieto
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Moignard V, Macaulay IC, Swiers G, Buettner F, Schütte J, Calero-Nieto FJ, Kinston S, Joshi A, Hannah R, Theis FJ, Jacobsen SE, de Bruijn M, Göttgens B. Characterization of transcriptional networks in blood stem and progenitor cells using high-throughput single-cell gene expression analysis. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:363-72. [PMID: 23524953 PMCID: PMC3796878 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular decision-making is mediated by a complex interplay of external stimuli with the intracellular environment, in particular transcription factor regulatory networks. Here we have determined the expression of a network of 18 key haematopoietic transcription factors in 597 single primary blood stem and progenitor cells isolated from mouse bone marrow. We demonstrate that different stem/progenitor populations are characterized by distinctive transcription factor expression states, and through comprehensive bioinformatic analysis reveal positively and negatively correlated transcription factor pairings, including previously unrecognized relationships between Gata2, Gfi1 and Gfi1b. Validation using transcriptional and transgenic assays confirmed direct regulatory interactions consistent with a regulatory triad in immature blood stem cells, where Gata2 may function to modulate cross-inhibition between Gfi1 and Gfi1b. Single-cell expression profiling therefore identifies network states and allows reconstruction of network hierarchies involved in controlling stem cell fate choices, and provides a blueprint for studying both normal development and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Moignard
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Cambridge Institute for Medical, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Iain C. Macaulay
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Swiers
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Buettner
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstadter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judith Schütte
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Cambridge Institute for Medical, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando J. Calero-Nieto
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Cambridge Institute for Medical, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Kinston
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Cambridge Institute for Medical, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Anagha Joshi
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Cambridge Institute for Medical, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Hannah
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Cambridge Institute for Medical, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstadter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sten Eirik Jacobsen
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Marella de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Cambridge Institute for Medical, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
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16
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Potential roles for Gfi1 in the pathogenesis and proliferation of glioma. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:629-32. [PMID: 23466061 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a major form of adult brain tumour with relatively poor prognosis and high mortality. Temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy following neurosurgery and radiotherapy has been suggested as the first line of treatment and is proven to effectively prolong overall survival and enhance patient quality of life. However, not all patients benefit from this treatment because of drug resistance. Even patients with TMZ-sensitive GBM may become resistant, which is partly due to the restoration of activity of the DNA repair enzyme O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT); thus, patients cannot evade eventual tumour recurrence. The cellular activity of MGMT is the most important determinant of TMZ-resistance. However, some patients with a low level of activated MGMT are also TMZ-resistant. The aberrant expression of HOXA9, one of the 39 class I homeobox genes, is a marker of poor prognosis, and its level gradually increases with histologic malignant progression, shorter time to overall survival (OS) and free progression survival (FPS) in glioma patients, which further supports an oncogenic role for HOXA9 in gliomas. The HOXA9-PI3K signalling pathway is an important mechanism in GBM that is independent of MGMT promoter methylation status. The DNA binding sites of growth factor independent-1 (Gfi1) can overlap with the HOXA9 promoter through the "AATC" versus "GATT" core sequence. The competition for this binding site inhibits the expression of HOXA9 and induces different transcriptional outcomes, which suggests a new direction for investigation of the mechanism underlying targeted therapy of malignant gliomas.
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17
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Göttgens B. Genome-scale technology driven advances to research into normal and malignant haematopoiesis. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:437956. [PMID: 24278696 PMCID: PMC3820533 DOI: 10.6064/2012/437956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis or blood development has long served as a model system for adult stem cell biology. Moreover, when combined, the various cancers of the blood represent one of the commonest human malignancies. Large numbers of researchers have therefore dedicated their scientific careers to studying haematopoiesis for more than a century. Throughout this period, many new technologies have first been applied towards the study of blood cells, and the research fields of normal and malignant haematopoiesis have also been some of the earliest adopters of genome-scale technologies. This has resulted in significant new insights with implications ranging from basic biological mechanisms to patient diagnosis and prognosis and also produced lessons likely to be relevant for many other areas of biomedical research. This paper discusses the current state of play for a range of genome-scale applications within haemopoiesis research, including gene expression profiling, ChIP-sequencing, genomewide association analysis, and cancer genome sequencing. A concluding outlook section explores likely future areas of progress as well as potential technological and educational bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge University and Wellcome Trust and MRC Stem Cell Institute, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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18
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Brown G, Hughes PJ, Ceredig R. The versatile landscape of haematopoiesis: are leukaemia stem cells as versatile? Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2012; 49:232-40. [PMID: 23153117 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2012.742487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1980s, developing haematopoietic cells have been categorised into three well-defined compartments: multi-potent haematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which are able to self-renew, followed by haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), which undergo decision-making and age as they divide rather than self-renew, and the final compartment of functional blood and immune cells. The classic model of haematopoiesis divides cells into two families, myeloid and lymphoid, and dictates a route to a particular cell fate. New discoveries question these long-held principles, including: (i) the identification of lineage-biased cells that self-renew; (ii) a strict myeloid/lymphoid dichotomy is refuted by the existence of progenitors with lymphoid potential and an incomplete set of myeloid potentials; (iii) there are multiple routes to some end cell types; and (iv) thymocyte progenitor cells that have progressed some way along this pathway retain clandestine myeloid options. In essence, the progeny of HSC are more versatile and the process of haematopoiesis is more flexible than previously thought. Here we examine this new way of viewing haematopoiesis and the impact of rewriting an account of haematopoiesis on our understanding of what goes awry in leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Brown
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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19
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The human GFI136N variant induces epigenetic changes at the Hoxa9 locus and accelerates K-RAS driven myeloproliferative disorder in mice. Blood 2012; 120:4006-17. [PMID: 22932805 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-02-334722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The coding single nucleotide polymorphism GFI136N in the human gene growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) is present in 3%-7% of whites and increases the risk for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by 60%. We show here that GFI136N, in contrast to GFI136S, lacks the ability to bind to the Gfi1 target gene that encodes the leukemia-associated transcription factor Hoxa9 and fails to initiate histone modifications that regulate HoxA9 expression. Consistent with this, AML patients heterozygous for the GFI136N variant show increased HOXA9 expression compared with normal controls. Using ChipSeq, we demonstrate that GFI136N specific epigenetic changes are also present in other genes involved in the development of AML. Moreover, granulomonocytic progenitors, a bone marrow subset from which AML can arise in humans and mice, show a proliferative expansion in the presence of the GFI136N variant. In addition, granulomonocytic progenitors carrying the GFI136N variant allele have altered gene expression patterns and differ in their ability to grow after transplantation. Finally, GFI136N can accelerate a K-RAS driven fatal myeloproliferative disease in mice. Our data suggest that the presence of a GFI136N variant allele induces a preleukemic state in myeloid precursors by deregulating the expression of Hoxa9 and other AML-related genes.
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20
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Bresnick EH, Katsumura KR, Lee HY, Johnson KD, Perkins AS. Master regulatory GATA transcription factors: mechanistic principles and emerging links to hematologic malignancies. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:5819-31. [PMID: 22492510 PMCID: PMC3401466 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous examples exist of how disrupting the actions of physiological regulators of blood cell development yields hematologic malignancies. The master regulator of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells GATA-2 was cloned almost 20 years ago, and elegant genetic analyses demonstrated its essential function to promote hematopoiesis. While certain GATA-2 target genes are implicated in leukemogenesis, only recently have definitive insights emerged linking GATA-2 to human hematologic pathophysiologies. These pathophysiologies include myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia and an immunodeficiency syndrome with complex phenotypes including leukemia. As GATA-2 has a pivotal role in the etiology of human cancer, it is instructive to consider mechanisms underlying normal GATA factor function/regulation and how dissecting such mechanisms may reveal unique opportunities for thwarting GATA-2-dependent processes in a therapeutic context. This article highlights GATA factor mechanistic principles, with a heavy emphasis on GATA-1 and GATA-2 functions in the hematopoietic system, and new links between GATA-2 dysregulation and human pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery H Bresnick
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Paul Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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21
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Brown G, Hughes PJ, Ceredig R, Michell RH. Versatility and nuances of the architecture of haematopoiesis – Implications for the nature of leukaemia. Leuk Res 2012; 36:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Rodrigues NP, Tipping AJ, Wang Z, Enver T. GATA-2 mediated regulation of normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell function, myelodysplasia and myeloid leukemia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 44:457-60. [PMID: 22192845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Unremitting blood cell production throughout the lifetime of an organism is reliant on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). A rare and relatively quiescent cell type, HSCs are, on entry into cell cycle fated to self-renew, undergo apoptosis or differentiate to progenitors (HPCs) that eventually yield specific classes of blood cells. Disruption of these HSC fate decisions is considered to be fundamental to the development of leukemia. Much effort has therefore been placed on understanding the molecular pathways that regulate HSC fate decisions and how these processes are undermined in leukemia. Transcription factors have emerged as critical regulators in this respect. Here we review the participation of zinc finger transcription factor GATA-2 in regulating normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell functionality, myelodysplasia and myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P Rodrigues
- National Institutes of Health Center for Biomedical Research Excellence in Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02908, United States.
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23
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24
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Wilson NK, Tijssen MR, Göttgens B. Deciphering transcriptional control mechanisms in hematopoiesis:the impact of high-throughput sequencing technologies. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:961-8. [PMID: 21781948 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the key challenges facing biomedical research is to extract biologically meaningful information from the ever-increasing scale and complexity of datasets generated through high-throughput approaches. Hematopoiesis represents one of the most experimentally tractable mammalian organ systems and, therefore, has historically tended to be at the forefront of applying new technologies within biomedical research. The combination of massive parallel sequencing technologies with chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP-Seq) permits genome-scale characterization of histone modification status and identification of the complete set of binding sites for transcription factors. Because transcription factors have long been recognized as essential regulators of cell fate choice in hematopoiesis, ChIP-Seq technology has rapidly entered the arena of modern experimental hematology. Here we review the biological insights gained from ChIP-Seq studies performed in the hematopoietic system since the earliest studies just 4 years ago. A surprisingly large number of different approaches have already been implemented to extract new biological knowledge from ChIP-Seq datasets. By focusing on successful insights from multiple different approaches, we hope to provide stimulating reading for anyone wanting to utilize ChIP-Seq technology within their particular research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola K Wilson
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, UK
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25
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Lai P, Weng J, Lu Z, Guo R, Luo C, Wu S, Ling W, Geng S, Du X. Gene expression profiling-based identification of CD28 and PI3K as new biomarkers for chronic graft-versus-host disease. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:1019-25. [PMID: 21682596 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Currently, no reliable biomarkers are available to predict the onset or progression of cGVHD. Therefore, in this study, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four patients with cGVHD and four ones with non-GVHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and employed Affymetrix GeneChip Human U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays to screen the genes differentially expressed in cGVHD versus non-GVHD groups, with the aim to identify potential clinical biomarkers to predict cGVHD risk or progression. Microarray analysis demonstrated that the expression of 3180 genes changed significantly in cGVHD versus non-GVHD, with 879 genes upregulated and 2301 genes downregulated. Among them we chose CD28 and PI3K as candidates for further verification. Flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the significant upregulation of CD28 and PI3K in samples from patients with cGVHD compared with patients with non-GVHD, respectively. In conclusion, our study suggested that the upregulation of CD28 and PI3K contributed to the onset and progression of cGVHD and provided evidence that CD28 and PI3K may serve as promising biomarkers for cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilong Lai
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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