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Ekici Ö, Arıkan Söylemez ES. The association of T102C (rs6313) polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor gene with temporomandibular disorders and anxiety in a group of Turkish population. Cranio 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38899594 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2024.2369729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between T102C (rs6313) polymorphism in the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor-2A (5HTR2A) gene and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and anxiety. METHODS This observational case-control study included 80 patients and 70 healthy controls. TMD was diagnosed using the criteria for TMD (DC/TMD). Anxiety was assessed with the Beck anxiety scale. A genotyping study of HTRR2A T102C (rs6313) gene polymorphism was performed from genomic DNA isolated from blood. RESULTS The TMD group had higher anxiety scores than the control group (p < .05). The TMD group was similar to the control group regarding genotype and allele frequencies. However, the polymorphic CC genotype was more common in those with high anxiety (p < .05). CONCLUSION There was no clear evidence of an association between TMD and the T102C polymorphism in HTR2A and TMD. However, anxiety is closely related to the T102C polymorphism in HTR2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Ekici
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Evrim Suna Arıkan Söylemez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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2
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Bertotti G, Elizagaray-García JI, Rodríguez-Vico J, Gil-Martínez A. Hyperalgesia, Increased Temporal Summation and Impaired Inhibitory Mechanisms in Episodic and Chronic Cluster Headache: An Observational Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:374. [PMID: 38397976 PMCID: PMC10886548 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cluster Headache (CH) is a primary headache that causes severe pain. Some evidence suggests that central mechanisms might be involved. The objective of this study was (1) to compare hyperalgesia signs, temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation among episodic (ECH) and chronic CH (CCH) patients and controls, (2) to compare these factors between sides in the patient groups and (3) to compare the psychophysical variables between the groups. This cross-sectional study included 71 subjects divided into three groups (ECH, CCH and controls). Pressure pain thresholds, temporal summation, conditioned pain modulation and other psychosocial variables were measured. The ANOVA showed differences for all physical outcome measures (p < 0.05). Bonferroni post hoc analyses showed differences when comparing the patient groups with the healthy subjects (p < 0.05), with large effect sizes (d > 0.8). No differences between the patient groups were found for almost all the variables (p > 0.05). Significant differences for all the variables were detected when comparing the symptomatic and non-symptomatic sides in both the ECH and CCH groups (p < 0.05). The ECH and CCH groups showed mechanical hyperalgesia, increased temporal summation and impaired inhibitory mechanisms compared to the controls. Side-to-side differences were also detected within the patient groups. Patients with CCH had poorer sleep quality and quality of life than the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bertotti
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- CranioSPain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Ignacio Elizagaray-García
- CranioSPain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jaime Rodríguez-Vico
- Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alfonso Gil-Martínez
- CranioSPain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain;
- Unidad de Fisioterapia, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, IdiPAZ (Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Jurth C, Lichtner G, Bienert T, von Dincklage F. The variability in nociceptive flexion reflex threshold measurement is mostly caused by probabilistic effects of the estimation algorithms: a simulation study. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38315138 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2312991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) and its threshold are frequently used to investigate spinal nociception in humans. Since this threshold (NFRT) is a probabilistic measure, specific algorithms are used for NFRT estimation based on the stochastic occurrence of reflexes at different stimulus intensities. We used a validated simulation model of the NFR to investigate the amount of NFRT measurement variability induced by different estimation algorithms in a steady setting of reduced external influences. METHODS We simulated the behavior of different estimation algorithms in subjects with an artificially steady baseline NFRT variability (standard deviation: 0 mA) or low baseline NFRT variability (standard deviation: 0.156 mA), equaling a quiet experimental setting. The obtained data were analyzed for NFRT measurement variability caused by the algorithms compared to the baseline variability reflecting other physiological influences. RESULTS The standard deviation of the NFRT estimated by the different algorithms ranged between 0.381 and 3.464 mA with 96.8% to 99.6% of the measurement variability attributed to the algorithm used. Out of the investigated algorithms the dynamic staircase algorithm was most precise. CONCLUSION The NFRT measurement variability observed during quiet and steady experimental sessions is mostly caused by the properties of the estimation algorithms, due to the probabilistic nature of the reflex occurrence. Our results give reference for choosing the optimal estimation algorithm to improve measurement precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Jurth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Lichtner
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Bienert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk von Dincklage
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Vogel K, Muhammad LN, Song J, Neogi T, Bingham CO, Bolster MB, Marder W, Wohlfahrt A, Clauw DJ, Dunlop D, Lee YC. Sex Differences in Pain and Quantitative Sensory Testing in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:2472-2480. [PMID: 37365745 PMCID: PMC10704379 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have higher pain and worse functional outcomes compared to men, even when treated with similar medications. The objective of this study was to identify sex differences in pain intensity, pain interference, and quantitative sensory tests (QST), which are independent of inflammation, in patients with RA. METHODS This study is a post hoc analysis of participants in the Central Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis cohort. Pain intensity was assessed using a 0-10 numeric rating scale. Pain interference was measured using a Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System computerized adaptive test. QST included pressure pain detection thresholds, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation. Women and men were compared using multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, education, race, research site, depression, obesity, RA disease duration, swollen joint count, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS Mean ± SD pain intensity was 5.32 ± 2.29 among women with RA, compared to 4.60 ± 2.23 among men with RA (adjusted difference 0.83 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.14, 1.53]). Women with RA had lower pressure pain detection thresholds at the trapezius (adjusted difference -1.22 [95% CI -1.73, -0.72]), wrist (adjusted difference -0.57 [95% CI -1.07, -0.06]), and knee (adjusted difference -1.10 [95% CI -2.00, -0.21]). No statistically significant differences in pain interference, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation were observed. CONCLUSION Women reported higher pain intensity and lower pressure pain detection thresholds (higher pain sensitivity) than men. However, pain interference, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation did not differ between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Vogel
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jing Song
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Wendy Marder
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | | | | | - Dorothy Dunlop
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yvonne C Lee
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Mameli F, Zirone E, Girlando R, Scagliotti E, Rigamonti G, Aiello EN, Poletti B, Ferrucci R, Ticozzi N, Silani V, Locatelli M, Barbieri S, Ruggiero F. Role of expectations in clinical outcomes after deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. J Neurol 2023; 270:5274-5287. [PMID: 37517038 PMCID: PMC10576668 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established treatment that significantly improves the motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, patients may experience post-operative psychological distress and social maladjustments. This phenomenon has been shown to be related to patients' pre-operative cognitive representations, such as expectations. In this systematic review, we discuss the findings on the role of the expectations of patients with PD regarding the clinical outcomes of DBS to identify areas of intervention to improve pre-operative patient education and promote successful post-operative psychosocial adjustment. PubMed was searched for relevant articles published up to 16 January 2023. Of the 84 identified records, 10 articles focusing on the treatment expectations of patients with PD undergoing DBS were included in this review. The selected studies were conducted among cohorts of patients with different DBS targets, among which the most common was the bilateral subthalamic nucleus. Overall, the data showed that patients' expectations contribute to treatment efficacy. Experiments investigating the placebo effect itself have shown clinical improvement after the induction of positive therapeutic expectations; conversely, unrealistic treatment expectations can affect patient satisfaction after surgery, clinical outcomes, and subjective well-being. This review highlights the need for routine clinical practice to better investigate and manage patients' pre-operative expectations, as well as multidisciplinary education to improve patient satisfaction and psychosocial adjustment after DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mameli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Zirone
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Girlando
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Scagliotti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Rigamonti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrucci
- ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Barbieri
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Ruggiero
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Matesanz-García L, Fernández-Chamorro L, Rubio-Vallejo A, Cecilia-López D, Cuenca-Martínez F, Di-Bonaventura S, Fernández-Carnero J. Motor Imagery and Pain Processing in Patients With Entrapment Neuropathies: A Cross-sectional Study. Clin J Pain 2023; 39:620-627. [PMID: 37712289 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To assess the ability to generate both kinesthetic and visual motor imagery in participants with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), compared with asymptomatic participants. (2) To assess the influence of psychophysiological and functional variables in the motor imagery process. METHODS Twenty patients with unilateral CTS and 18 pain-free individuals were recruited. An observational case-control study with a nonprobability sample was conducted to assess visual and kinesthetic movement imagery ability and psychophysiological variables in patients with CTS compared with asymptomatic participants in a control group. The trial was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. RESULTS CTS patients have more difficulties in generating visual motor images compared with asymptomatic individuals ( t =-2.099; P <0.05; d=0.70). They need more time to complete the mental tasks (visual t =-2.424; P <0.05 and kinesthetic t =-2.200; P <0.05). A negative correlation was found between the ability to imagine and functional deficits ( r =-0.569; P =0.021) for the kinesthetic subscale and temporal summation ( r =-0.515; P <0.5). A positive correlation was found between pain pressure threshold homolateral (homolateral) and time to generate the visual mental images ( r =0.537; P <0.05). DISCUSSION CTS patients have greater difficulty generating motor images than asymptomatic individuals. Patients also spend more time during mental tasks. CTS patients present a relationship between temporal summation and the capacity to generate kinesthetic images. In addition, the CST patients presented a correlation between chronometry mental tasking and mechanical hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Matesanz-García
- CranioSPain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
| | | | - Alberto Rubio-Vallejo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centro superior de Estudios Universitarios (CSEU) La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - David Cecilia-López
- Unit of Elbow-Hand, Service de Traumatología, Hospital 12 de Octubre
- Complutense University of Madrid
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Vithas La Milagrosa
- Hospital Viamed Santa Elena
| | | | - Silvia Di-Bonaventura
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University
| | - Josué Fernández-Carnero
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University
- La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ
- Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Wohlfahrt A, Muhammad LN, Song J, Dunlop DD, Neogi T, Bingham CO, Bolster MB, Marder W, Clauw DJ, Lee YC. Pain Mechanisms Associated With Disease Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: A Regression Tree Analysis. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:741-747. [PMID: 36642431 PMCID: PMC10238556 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although pain affects the assessment of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), pain is not always directly related to peripheral joint inflammation. Peripheral and central nervous system regulatory mechanisms also affect pain perception. We used regression tree methodology to identify mechanisms most predictive of disease activity after disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment. METHODS Disease activity was evaluated using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) in 176 patients with RA, before and after starting a DMARD. Quantitative sensory testing (QST), including pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation (CPM), were used to assess pain mechanisms. Regression tree methodology was used to determine the QST modalities most predictive of DAS28 after DMARD treatment. RESULTS This analysis identified 4 groups defined by baseline DAS28 category and either knee PPT (a combined measure of peripheral and central nervous system dysregulation) or CPM (a measure of descending pain inhibition). Among patients starting with low/moderate disease activity, lower knee PPT (PPT ≤ 4.65 kgf) most strongly predicted higher posttreatment disease activity (group 1 mean DAS28 2.8 [SD 1.0] vs group 2 mean DAS28 3.5 [SD 1.0]). Among patients starting with high baseline disease activity, less efficient descending pain modulation (CPM ≤ 1.55) most strongly predicted higher posttreatment disease activity (group 3 mean DAS28 3.4 [SD 1.4] vs group 4 mean DAS28 4.6 [SD 1.1]). CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of identifying and treating aberrant peripheral and central pain regulation in patients with RA starting or switching DMARD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Wohlfahrt
- A. Wohlfahrt, MS, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lutfiyya N Muhammad
- L.N. Muhammad, PhD, MPH, J. Song, MS, D.D. Dunlop, PhD, Y.C. Lee, MD, MMSc, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jing Song
- L.N. Muhammad, PhD, MPH, J. Song, MS, D.D. Dunlop, PhD, Y.C. Lee, MD, MMSc, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dorothy D Dunlop
- L.N. Muhammad, PhD, MPH, J. Song, MS, D.D. Dunlop, PhD, Y.C. Lee, MD, MMSc, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- T. Neogi, MD, PhD, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clifton O Bingham
- C.O. Bingham III, MD, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marcy B Bolster
- M.B. Bolster, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy Marder
- W. Marder, MD, MS, D.J. Clauw, MD, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel J Clauw
- W. Marder, MD, MS, D.J. Clauw, MD, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yvonne C Lee
- L.N. Muhammad, PhD, MPH, J. Song, MS, D.D. Dunlop, PhD, Y.C. Lee, MD, MMSc, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois;
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Löfgren M, Sandström A, Bileviciute-Ljungar I, Mannerkorpi K, Gerdle B, Ernberg M, Fransson P, Kosek E. The effects of a 15-week physical exercise intervention on pain modulation in fibromyalgia: Increased pain-related processing within the cortico-striatal- occipital networks, but no improvement of exercise-induced hypoalgesia. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 13:100114. [PMID: 36660198 PMCID: PMC9843267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional top-down pain modulation is a hallmark of fibromyalgia (FM) and physical exercise is a cornerstone in FM treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a 15-week intervention of strengthening exercises, twice per week, supervised by a physiotherapist, on exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) and cerebral pain processing in FM patients and healthy controls (HC). FM patients (n = 59) and HC (n = 39) who completed the exercise intervention as part of a multicenter study were examined at baseline and following the intervention. Following the exercise intervention, FM patients reported a reduction of pain intensity, fibromyalgia severity and depression. Reduced EIH was seen in FM patients compared to HC at baseline and no improvement of EIH was seen following the 15-week resistance exercise intervention in either group. Furthermore, a subsample (Stockholm site: FM n = 18; HC n = 19) was also examined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during subjectively calibrated thumbnail pressure pain stimulations at baseline and following intervention. A significant main effect of exercise (post > pre) was observed both in FM patients and HC, in pain-related brain activation within left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate, as well as increased functional connectivity between caudate and occipital lobe bordering cerebellum (driven by the FM patients). In conclusion, the results indicate that 15-week resistance exercise affect pain-related processing within the cortico-striatal-occipital networks (involved in motor control and cognition), rather than directly influencing top-down descending pain inhibition. In alignment with this, exercise-induced hypoalgesia remained unaltered.
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Key Words
- AAL, Automated Anatomical Labeling
- ACR, American College of Rheumatology
- CNS, central nervous system
- CPM, conditioned pain modulation
- EIH, exercise-induced hypoalgesia
- Exercise induced hypoalgesia
- Exercise intervention
- FD, Frame-wise displacement
- FEW, family-wise error
- FIQ, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire
- FM, fibromyalgia
- FOV, field of view
- FWHM, full-width-half-maximum
- Fibromyalgia
- Functional connectivity
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
- GLM, general linear model
- HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- HC, healthy controls
- MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute
- MVC, maximum voluntary contraction force
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- P50, pressure stimuli corresponding to a pain rating of 50mm on a 100 mm VAS
- PPI, psychophysiological interaction
- PPTs, pressure pain thresholds
- Pressure pain
- RM, repetition maximum
- SM, stimulation maximum
- SPM, Statistical Parametric Mapping
- T1, longitudinal relaxation time
- T2, transverse relaxation time
- TR/TE, time repetition/time echo
- VAS, visual analogue scale
- VOI, volume of interest
- dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
- fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging
- rACC, rostral anterior cingulate cortex
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Löfgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm SE-182 88, Sweden
| | - Angelica Sandström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 78, Sweden,Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Indre Bileviciute-Ljungar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm SE-182 88, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Mannerkorpi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg SE- 413 90, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Malin Ernberg
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neurosciences, Huddinge SE-141 04, Sweden
| | - Peter Fransson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 78, Sweden
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 78, Sweden,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE- 752 36, Sweden,Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
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Tour J, Sandström A, Kadetoff D, Schalling M, Kosek E. The OPRM1 gene and interactions with the 5-HT1a gene regulate conditioned pain modulation in fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277427. [PMID: 36342939 PMCID: PMC9639841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) patients have dysfunctional endogenous pain modulation, where opioid and serotonergic signaling is implicated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variants in the genes coding for major structures in the opioid and serotonergic systems can affect pain modulation in FM patients and healthy controls (HC). Conditioned pain modulation (CPM), evaluating the effects of ischemic pain on pressure pain sensitivity, was performed in 82 FM patients and 43 HC. All subjects were genotyped for relevant functional polymorphisms in the genes coding for the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1, rs1799971), the serotonin transporter (5-HTT, 5-HTTLPR/rs25531) and the serotonin 1a receptor (5-HT1a, rs6295). Results showed the OPRM1 G-allele was associated with decreased CPM. A significant gene-to-gene interaction was found between the OPRM1 and the 5-HT1a gene. Reduced CPM scores were seen particularly in individuals with the OPRM1 G*/5-HT1a CC genotype, indicating that the 5-HT1a CC genotype seems to have an inhibiting effect on CPM if an individual has the OPRM1 G-genotype. Thus, regardless of pain phenotype, the OPRM1 G-allele independently as well as with an interaction with the 5-HT1a gene influenced pain modulation. FM patients had lower CPM than HC but no group differences were found regarding the genetic effects on CPM, indicating that the results reflect more general mechanisms influencing pain modulatory processes rather than underlying the dysfunction of CPM in FM. In conclusion, a genetic variant known to alter the expression of, and binding to, the my-opioid receptor reduced a subject’s ability to activate descending pain inhibition. Also, the results suggest a genetically inferred gene-to-gene interaction between the main opioid receptor and a serotonergic structure essential for 5-HT transmission to modulate pain inhibition. The results in this study highlight the importance of studying joint synergistic and antagonistic effects of neurotransmittor systems in regard to pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Tour
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Angelica Sandström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Kadetoff
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Spine Center, Löwenströmska Hospital, Upplands Väsby, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Psychiatric Comorbidities Associated with Persistent Postoperative Opioid Use. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2022; 26:701-708. [PMID: 35960447 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-022-01073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review outlines the psychiatric comorbidities associated with persistent opioid use in the postoperative period. We finish our analysis with evidence-based, patient-centered interventions that can be rendered in the perioperative setting to decrease postoperative opioid requirements. RECENT FINDINGS Opioids are overprescribed in the USA, especially in the postoperative setting. Excess opioids can result in diversion and contribute to the ongoing opioid epidemic. Mental health and substance use disorders can contribute to persistent postoperative opioid use. Adequately managing these disorders preoperatively promises to reduce persistent postoperative opioid use. Due to the lack of homogenous, evidence-based recommendations on the appropriate quantity and duration of postoperative opioid therapy, there is wide variability in provider prescribing habits. Further research is needed to establish surgery-specific postoperative opioid therapy protocols. Opioids continue to be a mainstay in the treatment of postoperative pain. Unmonitored postoperative opioid use can lead to opioid use disorder. Mental health disorders increase susceptibility to persistent postoperative opioid use. By managing these psychiatric illnesses preoperatively, clinicians have the ability to decrease opioid consumption postoperatively. Lastly, given the healthcare burden of opioid misuse and abuse, it is important to establish concrete protocols to guide provider-prescribing habits.
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11
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Graeff P, Stacheneder R, Alt L, Ruscheweyh R. The Contribution of Psychological Factors to Inter-Individual Variability in Conditioned Pain Modulation Is Limited in Young Healthy Subjects. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050623. [PMID: 35625010 PMCID: PMC9139004 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) describes the decrease in pain perception of a test stimulus (TS) when presented together with a heterotopic painful conditioning stimulus (CS). Inter-individual differences in CPM are large and have been suggested to reflect differences in endogenous pain modulation. In a previous analysis, we demonstrated that in young, healthy participants, inter-individual differences account for about one-third of CPM variance, with age and sex together explaining only 1%. Here, we investigated if psychological factors explain significant amounts of inter-individual variance in CPM. Using the same dataset as before, we performed both cross-sectional (n = 126) and repeated measures (n = 52, 118 observations) analysis and the corresponding variance decompositions, using results of psychological questionnaires assessing depression, trait anxiety and pain catastrophizing. Psychological factors did not significantly predict CPM magnitude, neither directly nor when interactions with the CPM paradigm were assessed; however, the interaction between depression and the paradigm approached significance. Variance decomposition showed that the interaction between depression and the CPM paradigm explained an appreciable amount of variance (3.0%), but this proportion seems small when compared to the residual inter-individual differences (35.4%). The main effects of the psychological factors and the interactions of anxiety or catastrophizing with the CPM paradigm are explained at <0.1% each. These results show that the contribution of psychological factors to inter-individual CPM differences in healthy participants is limited and that the large inter-individual variability in the CPM effect remains largely unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Graeff
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany;
- RTG 2175 “Perception in Context and Its Neural Basis”, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Regina Stacheneder
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (R.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Alt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (R.S.); (L.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ruth Ruscheweyh
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany;
- RTG 2175 “Perception in Context and Its Neural Basis”, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (R.S.); (L.A.)
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12
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White KM, LaRowe LR, Powers JM, Paladino MB, Maisto SA, Zvolensky MJ, Glatt SJ, Ditre JW. Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder as a Predictor of Endogenous Pain Modulation Among Moderate to Heavy Drinkers. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:864-875. [PMID: 34974175 PMCID: PMC9086107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is frequently endorsed by persons with chronic pain. Although individuals with a family history of AUD have demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to painful stimulation, previous research has not examined endogenous pain modulation in this population. The goal of this study was to test family history of AUD as a predictor of conditioned pain modulation, offset analgesia, and temporal summation among a sample of moderate and heavy drinkers. Adults with no current pain (N = 235; 58.3% male; Mage = 34.3; 91.9% non-Hispanic; 60% white) were evaluated for family history of AUD at baseline and pain modulatory outcomes were assessed via quantitative sensory testing. Participants with a family history of AUD (relative to those without) evinced a pro-nociceptive pain modulation profile in response to experimental pain. Specifically, family history of AUD was associated with deficits in pain-inhibitory processes. Approximately 4% of the variance in endogenous pain modulation was accounted for by family history, and exploratory analyses suggested these effects may be driven by paternal AUD. PERSPECTIVE: The current findings suggest individuals with a family history of AUD demonstrate pain modulatory function that may predispose them to the development of chronic pain. Clinically, these data may inform pain management approaches for individuals with a family history of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M White
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Lisa R LaRowe
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jessica M Powers
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | - Stephen A Maisto
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.; Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Joseph W Ditre
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York..
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13
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Satia I, Mayhew AJ, Sohel N, Kurmi O, Killian KJ, O'Byrne PM, Raina P. Impact of mental health and personality traits on the incidence of chronic cough in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00119-2022. [PMID: 35651367 PMCID: PMC9149388 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00119-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChronic cough is a common troublesome condition, but risk factors for developing chronic cough are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between mental health disorders, personality traits and chronic cough.MethodsThe Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging is a prospective, nationally generalisable, random sample of adults aged 45–85 years at baseline recruited between 2011 and 2015, and followed-up 3 years later. Chronic cough was defined as a daily cough over the last 12 months. Incident chronic cough was defined as those participants who reported new-onset chronic cough between baseline and follow-up 1. Current depressive symptoms and psychological distress were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Study Short Depression Scale (CESD-10) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), respectively. The “Big Five” personality traits were assessed using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Relative risks are reported using a multivariate mutually adjusted model.ResultsAt follow-up 1, 2506 participants (11.1%) reported new-onset chronic cough during the ∼3-year interval. Depressive symptoms (CESD-10 ≥10: relative risk 1.22 (95% CI 1.03–1.44)) and psychological distress (K-10 ≥22: relative risk 1.20 (95% CI 1.07–1.36)) at baseline were both independent predictors of a higher risk of incident chronic cough. Prevalent and incident chronic cough were also independently associated with an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms and psychological distress. Personality traits did not influence the development of chronic cough but did increase the risk of depressive symptoms and psychological distress.ConclusionsThis study shows that there is a bidirectional relationship between chronic cough, and depressive symptoms and psychological distress, and personality traits do not independently influence the development of chronic cough.
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14
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Fanton S, Sandström A, Tour J, Kadetoff D, Schalling M, Jensen KB, Sitnikov R, Ellerbrock I, Kosek E. The translocator protein gene is associated with endogenous pain modulation and the balance between glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid in fibromyalgia and healthy subjects: a multimodal neuroimaging study. Pain 2022; 163:274-286. [PMID: 34142769 PMCID: PMC8756347 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A cerebral upregulation of the translocator protein (TSPO), a biomarker of glial activation, has been reported in fibromyalgia subjects (FMS). The TSPO binding affinity is genetically regulated by the Ala147Thr polymorphism in the TSPO gene (rs6971) and allows for a subject classification into high affinity binders (HABs) and mixed/low affinity binders (MLABs). The aim of the present multimodal neuroimaging study was to examine the associations of the TSPO polymorphism with: (1) conditioned pain modulation, (2) expectancy-modulated pain processing assessed during functional magnetic resonance imaging, and (3) the concentration and balance of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and thalamus using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in FMS (n = 83) and healthy controls (n = 43). The influence of TSPO on endogenous pain modulation presented in the form of TSPO HABs, as opposed to MLABs, displaying less efficient descending pain inhibition and expectancy-induced reduction of pain. Translocator protein HABs in both groups (FM and healthy controls) were found to have higher thalamic glutamate concentrations and exhibit a pattern of positive correlations between glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, not seen in MLABs. Altogether, our findings point to TSPO-related mechanisms being HAB-dependent, brain region-specific, and non-FM-specific, although in FMS the disadvantage of an aberrant pain regulation combined with an HAB genetic set-up might hamper pain modulation more strongly. Our results provide evidence for an important role of TSPO in pain regulation and brain metabolism, thereby supporting the ongoing drug development targeting TSPO-associated mechanisms for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fanton
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelica Sandström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Tour
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Kadetoff
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Spine Center, Löwenströmska Hospital, Upplands Väsby, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin B. Jensen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rouslan Sitnikov
- MRI Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabel Ellerbrock
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Naugle KM, Corrona S, Smith JA, Nguyen T, Saxe J, White FA. Physical activity behavior in the first month after mild traumatic brain injury is associated with physiological and psychological risk factors for chronic pain. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e969. [PMID: 34765852 PMCID: PMC8575415 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-reported physical activity (PA) in the first month after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) predicts endogenous pain modulatory function and pain catastrophizing at 1 to 2 weeks and 1 month after injury in patients with mTBI. METHODS Patients with mild traumatic brain injury completed study sessions at 1 to 2 weeks and 1 month after injury. Assessments included a headache survey, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, and several quantitative sensory tests to measure endogenous pain modulatory function including conditioned pain modulation (CPM), temporal summation, and pressure pain thresholds of the head. Hierarchical linear regressions determined the relationship between the PA variables (predictors) and pain catastrophizing and pain modulation variables (dependent variables) cross-sectionally and longitudinally, while controlling for potential covariates. RESULTS In separate hierarchical regression models, moderate PA, walking, and total PA at 1 to 2 weeks after injury predicted pain inhibition on the CPM test at 1 month, after controlling for significant covariates. In addition, a separate regression revealed that minutes sitting at 1 month predicted CPM at 1 month. Regarding predicting pain catastrophizing, the regression results showed that sitting at 1 to 2 weeks after injury significantly predicted pain catastrophizing at 1 month after injury. CONCLUSION Greater self-reported PA, especially moderate PA, 1 to 2 weeks after injury longitudinally predicted greater pain inhibitory capacity on the CPM test at 1 month after injury in patients with mTBI. In addition, greater sedentary behavior was associated with worse pain inhibition on the CPM test and greater pain catastrophizing at 1 month after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Naugle
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sam Corrona
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jared A. Smith
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tyler Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan Saxe
- Trauma Department, Ascension St. Vincent Indianapolis Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fletcher A. White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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16
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Sim L, Peterson CB. The peril and promise of sensitivity in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:2046-2056. [PMID: 34536033 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Differential susceptibility, a reconceptualization of the diathesis-stress model of psychopathology, describes gene-environment interactions that reflect individual differences in responsiveness to environmental influences, both detrimental and beneficial. This model has been described metaphorically by the classification of orchids, which thrive under optimal care but wither under adverse conditions, and dandelions, which weather broad environmental circumstances but are less responsive to careful cultivation. Etiological research in the field of eating disorders has largely focused on the identification of specific behavioral phenotypes, temperamental traits, genotypes and neurobiological processes that confer risk. In this article, we propose that these putative vulnerability factors represent phenotypes and endophenotypes of a genetic predisposition towards environmental sensitivity. We assert that this sensitivity not only transmits eating disorder risk but also confers resilience, depending on the circumstances. In particular, we propose that differential susceptibility can be used as a framework to organize disparate temperamental and neurobiological findings and their complex interplay with various developmental, environmental and sociocultural influences to increase eating disorder risk and treatment responsiveness. Finally, we assert that viewed through the lens of differential susceptibility, sensitivity can be leveraged to refine our interventions and develop novel treatment and prevention strategies to support favorable outcomes for individuals with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Sim
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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17
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Teixeira PEP, Zehry HI, Chaudhari S, Dipietro L, Fregni F. Pain perception in chronic knee osteoarthritis with varying levels of pain inhibitory control: an exploratory study. Scand J Pain 2021; 20:651-661. [PMID: 32667903 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2020-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Pain is a disabling symptom in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Dysfunction of descending pain modulatory pathways and reduced pain inhibition enhance pain facilitation in many chronic pain syndromes but do not fully explain pain levels in chronic musculoskeletal conditions. The objective of this study is to explore the association of clinical variables with pain intensity perception in KOA individuals with varying levels of Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) response. Methods This is a cross-sectional, exploratory analysis using baseline data of a randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of a non-invasive brain stimulation treatment on the perception of pain and functional limitations due to KOA. Sixty-three subjects with KOA were included in this study. Data on pain perception, mood perception, self-reported depression, physical function, quality of life, and quantitative sensory testing was collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the association between the clinical variables with pain perception for individuals with different levels of CPM response. Results For KOA patients with limited CPM response, perception of limitations at work/other activities due to emotional problems and stress scores were statistically significantly associated with pain scores, F(2, 37) = 7.02, p < 0.01. R-squared = 0.275. For KOA patients with normal CPM response, general health perception scores were statistically significantly associated with pain scores, F(1, 21) = 5.60, p < 0.05. R-squared = 0.2104. Limitations of this study include methodology details, small sample size and study design characteristics. Conclusions Pain intensity perception is associated differently with clinical variables according to the individual CPM response. Mechanistic models to explain pain perception in these two subgroups of KOA subjects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo E P Teixeira
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanan I Zehry
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Swapnali Chaudhari
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Graeff P, Itter A, Wach K, Ruscheweyh R. Inter-Individual Differences Explain More Variance in Conditioned Pain Modulation Than Age, Sex and Conditioning Stimulus Intensity Combined. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091186. [PMID: 34573207 PMCID: PMC8468738 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) describes the reduction in pain evoked by a test stimulus (TS) when presented together with a heterotopic painful conditioning stimulus (CS). CPM has been proposed to reflect inter-individual differences in endogenous pain modulation, which may predict susceptibility for acute and chronic pain. Here, we aimed to estimate the relative variance in CPM explained by inter-individual differences compared to age, sex, and CS physical and pain intensity. We constructed linear and mixed effect models on pooled data from 171 participants of several studies, of which 97 had repeated measures. Cross-sectional analyses showed no significant effect of age, sex or CS intensity. Repeated measures analyses revealed a significant effect of CS physical intensity (p = 0.002) but not CS pain intensity (p = 0.159). Variance decomposition showed that inter-individual differences accounted for 24% to 34% of the variance in CPM while age, sex, and CS intensity together explained <3% to 12%. In conclusion, the variance in CPM explained by inter-individual differences largely exceeds that of commonly considered factors such as age, sex and CS intensity. This may explain why predictive capability of these factors has had conflicting results and suggests that future models investigating them should account for inter-individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Graeff
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany;
- Research Training Group (RTG) 2175 Perception in Context and Its Neural Basis, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Alina Itter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Katharina Wach
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Ruth Ruscheweyh
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany;
- Research Training Group (RTG) 2175 Perception in Context and Its Neural Basis, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.I.); (K.W.)
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19
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Matesanz-García L, Cáceres-Pajuelo JE, Cuenca-Martínez F, La Touche R, Goicoechea-García C, Fernández-Carnero J. Effects of neural mobilizations through movement representation techniques for the improvement of neural mechanosensitivity of the median nerve region: a randomized controlled trial. Somatosens Mot Res 2021; 38:267-276. [PMID: 34404324 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2021.1964463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objective was to compare the effects of neural mobilization (NM), NM performed through mirror therapy (MT), NM performed through action observation (AO) training and finally classic rehabilitation program (mobility and strength) exercises on neural mechanosensitivity, widespread of proximal and distal pain and pressure pain thresholds (PPT). The second objective was to assess the effects of these interventions on handgrip strength, conditioned pain modulation, motor imagery ability and temporal summation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Fifty-four healthy subjects were randomly assigned to each group. Neural mechanosensitivity, widespread pain and PPT were the main variables. The secondary variables included handgrip strength, conditioned pain modulation, motor imagery ability and temporal summation. RESULTS All groups showed significant differences in time*factor for neural mechanosensitivity (p = 0.001), PPT in the dermatome of the median nerve (p = 0.007), PPT at carpal tunnel (p < 0.05) and proximal widespread (p = 0.01). No differences were found for distal widespread, conditioned pain modulation, handgrip strength motor imagery ability or temporal summation (p > 0.05). There is an absence of statistically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS NM through movement representation techniques can reduce mechanosensitivity and mechanical hyperalgesia in the median nerve dermatome and forearm, although no differences were found between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Matesanz-García
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | | | - Ferran Cuenca-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roy La Touche
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Dolor Craneofacial y Neuromusculoesquelético (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josué Fernández-Carnero
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor, Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander, Madrid, Spain.,La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Kimura A, Yamasaki H, Ishii H, Yoshida H, Shimizu M, Mori T. Effects of Polymorphisms in the Serotonin Transporter Promoter-Linked Polymorphic Region on Postthoracotomy Pain Severity. J Pain Res 2021; 14:1389-1397. [PMID: 34079356 PMCID: PMC8164694 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s298685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Serotonin (5-HT) is highly associated with pain modulation. The human 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) gene (SLC6A4) features several polymorphisms in its promoter region (5-HTTLPR) that affect the 5-HTT expression. The S allele of 5-HTTLPR induces low 5-HT tone, and it may influence the modulation of chronic pain. Meanwhile, pain occurs in 40–50% of patients after thoracic surgery, and its mechanism remains under investigation. This study assessed the role of 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms in postthoracotomy pain severity. Patients and Methods A total of 178 patients undergoing pneumonectomy were enrolled. The genotypes of 5-HTTLPR were divided into two groups: S/S group and S/L or L/L group. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the association between 5-HTTLPR genotypes and the numerical rating scale (NRS) score change over time. Results Among the participants, data were obtained for 162 patients. The genotype distribution was as follows: S/S, 67.3%; S/L or L/L, 32.7%. No significant difference in patient characteristics was found between the genotype groups. There was no significant interaction between the 5-HTTLPR genotypes and the NRS score change over time (p = 0.842). Conclusion Polymorphisms in 5-HTTLPR were not associated with postthoracotomy pain severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kimura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruka Ishii
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisako Yoshida
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoko Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Shulman J, Zurakowski D, Keysor J, Jervis K, Sethna NF. Offset analgesia identifies impaired endogenous pain modulation in pediatric chronic pain disorders. Pain 2021; 161:2852-2859. [PMID: 32658151 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Offset analgesia (OA), a psychophysical test of endogenous pain inhibition, is diminished in many adult chronic pain disorders but OA has not been investigated in youth with chronic pain disorders. This study assessed OA responses in 30 youth with chronic primary and secondary pain disorders and 32 healthy controls. The OA, control, and constant thermal tests were evoked with an individualized noxious heat stimulus of approximately 50/100 mm on a visual analogue scale followed by 1°C offset temperature. This study also examined the association of OA responses with 2 self-report measures of pain sensitivity, the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire. Patients exhibited diminished capacity to activate OA with a reduction in ΔeVASc of 53 ± 29% vs controls 74 ± 24% (P = 0.003) even after multivariate regression adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Patients also showed decreased ability to habituate to a constant noxious heat stimulus compared to controls (P = 0.021). Central Sensitization Inventory scores showed excellent predictive accuracy in differentiating patients from controls (area under the curve = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91-0.99) and CSI score ≥30 was identified as an optimal cutoff value. Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire scores did not differentiate patients from controls nor correlate with OA. In this study, 60% of youth with chronic pain showed reduced capacity for endogenous pain inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Shulman
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Interprofessional PhD in Rehabilitation Science Program, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julie Keysor
- Interprofessional PhD in Rehabilitation Science Program, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kelsey Jervis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Navil F Sethna
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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22
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Ellerbrock I, Sandström A, Tour J, Fanton S, Kadetoff D, Schalling M, Jensen KB, Sitnikov R, Kosek E. Serotonergic gene-to-gene interaction is associated with mood and GABA concentrations but not with pain-related cerebral processing in fibromyalgia subjects and healthy controls. Mol Brain 2021; 14:81. [PMID: 33980291 PMCID: PMC8117625 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin, involved in the regulation of pain and emotion, is critically regulated by the 5‐HT1A autoreceptor and the serotonin transporter (5-HTT). Polymorphisms of these genes affect mood and endogenous pain modulation, both demonstrated to be altered in fibromyalgia subjects (FMS). Here, we tested the effects of genetic variants of the 5‐HT1A receptor (CC/G-carriers) and 5-HTT (high/intermediate/low expression) on mood, pain sensitivity, cerebral processing of evoked pain (functional MRI) and concentrations of GABA and glutamate (MR spectroscopy) in rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and thalamus in FMS and healthy controls (HC). Interactions between serotonin-relevant genes were found in affective characteristics, with genetically inferred high serotonergic signalling (5-HT1A CC/5-HTThigh genotypes) being more favourable across groups. Additionally, 5‐HT1A CC homozygotes displayed higher pain thresholds than G-carriers in HC but not in FMS. Cerebral processing of evoked pressure pain differed between groups in thalamus with HC showing more deactivation than FMS, but was not influenced by serotonin-relevant genotypes. In thalamus, we observed a 5‐HT1A-by-5-HTT and group-by-5-HTT interaction in GABA concentrations, with the 5-HTT high expressing genotype differing between groups and 5‐HT1A genotypes. No significant effects were seen for glutamate or in rACC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this serotonergic gene-to-gene interaction associated with mood, both among FMS (depression) and across groups (anxiety). Additionally, our findings provide evidence of an association between the serotonergic system and thalamic GABA concentrations, with individuals possessing genetically inferred high serotonergic signalling exhibiting the highest GABA concentrations, possibly enhancing GABAergic inhibitory effects via 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ellerbrock
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Angelica Sandström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Tour
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Silvia Fanton
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Kadetoff
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Spine Center, Löwenströmska Hospital, Upplands Väsby, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin B Jensen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rouslan Sitnikov
- MRI Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Soldatelli MD, Siepmann T, Illigens BMW, Souza dos Santos V, Lucena da S Torres I, Fregni F, Caumo W. Mapping of predictors of the disengagement of the descending inhibitory pain modulation system in fibromyalgia: an exploratory study. Br J Pain 2021; 15:221-233. [PMID: 34055343 PMCID: PMC8138619 DOI: 10.1177/2049463720920760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main symptoms of fibromyalgia comprise diffuse pain, disability, depressive symptoms, catastrophizing, sleep disruption and fatigue, associated with dysfunction of the descending pain-modulating system (DPMS). OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify patterns of main symptoms of fibromyalgia and neuroplasticity biomarkers (i.e. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100B protein) in non-responders to the conditioned pain modulation task (CPM-task) induced by immersion of hand in cold water (0-1°C). Furthermore, we evaluated if these patterns predict responsiveness to CPM-task. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 117 women with fibromyalgia ((n = 60) non-responders and (n = 57) responders), with age ranging from 30 to 65 years old. We analysed changes in numerical pain scale (NPS-10) during the CPM-task using a standardized protocol. RESULTS A hierarchical multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to construct a propensity score-adjusted index to identify non-responders compared to responders to CPM-task. The following variables were retained in the models: analgesic use four or more times per week, heat pain threshold (HPT), poor sleep quality, pain catastrophizing, serum levels of BDNF, number of psychiatric diagnoses and the impact of symptoms of fibromyalgia on quality of life. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis showed non-responders can be discriminated from responders by a composite index of more frequent symptoms of fibromyalgia and neuroplasticity markers (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.83, sensitivity = 100% and specificity = 98%). CONCLUSION Patterns of fibromyalgia symptoms and neuroplasticity markers may be helpful to predict responsiveness to the CPM-task which might help personalize treatment and thereby contribute to the care of patients with fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Dorigatti Soldatelli
- Graduate Program in Medical Science,
School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre,
Brazil
- Center for Clinical Research and
Management Education, Division of Health Care Sciences, Dresden International
University, Dresden, Germany
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation,
School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre,
Brazil
| | - Timo Siepmann
- Center for Clinical Research and
Management Education, Division of Health Care Sciences, Dresden International
University, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University
Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universitat, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Min-Woo Illigens
- Center for Clinical Research and
Management Education, Division of Health Care Sciences, Dresden International
University, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vinicius Souza dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation,
School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre,
Brazil
| | - Iraci Lucena da S Torres
- Graduate Program in Medical Science,
School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre,
Brazil
- Pain and Palliative Care Service at
Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Graduate Program in Medical Science,
School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre,
Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation,
School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre,
Brazil
- Pain and Palliative Care Service at
Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Surgery Department, School of Medicine,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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24
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Goudman L, Huysmans E, Coppieters I, Ickmans K, Nijs J, Buyl R, Putman K, Moens M. Electrical (Pain) Thresholds and Conditioned Pain Modulation in Patients with Low Back-Related Leg Pain and Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 21:538-547. [PMID: 31165894 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When evaluating sensory dysfunctions and pain mechanisms in patients with low back pain (LBP), a specific subgroup of patients with radicular symptoms is often excluded. Comparative studies that evaluate sensory sensitivity in patients with a dominant nociceptive and neuropathic pain component are rarely performed. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine differences in electrical thresholds and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) between patients with low back-related leg pain (LBRLP) and patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University Hospital Brussels. SUBJECTS Twenty-one patients with LBRLP and 21 patients with FBSS were included. METHODS Electrical detection thresholds (EDTs), electrical pain thresholds (EPTs), and CPM were evaluated on the symptomatic and nonsymptomatic sides. Within- and between-group differences were evaluated for all parameters. RESULTS No between-group differences were found for EDT and EPT at both sides. On the nonsymptomatic side, a significantly lower CPM effect was found in the FBSS group (P = 0.04). The only significant within-group difference was an increased EDT at the symptomatic side in patients with FBSS (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS LBP patients with a primary neuropathic pain component revealed altered detection sensitivity at the symptomatic side, without severe indications for altered nociceptive processing, compared with LBP patients without a dominant neuropathic pain component. Endogenous modulation is functioning in LBP patients, although it is possible that it might only be functioning partially in patients with a dominant neuropathic pain component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Goudman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Pain in Motion International Research Group, www.paininmotion.be.,Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Huysmans
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, www.paininmotion.be.,Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Public Health (GEWE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Centre for Health Economics Research (I-CHER).,Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Iris Coppieters
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, www.paininmotion.be.,Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kelly Ickmans
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, www.paininmotion.be.,Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo Nijs
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, www.paininmotion.be.,Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ronald Buyl
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen Putman
- Department of Public Health (GEWE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Centre for Health Economics Research (I-CHER)
| | - Maarten Moens
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Lie MU, Winsvold B, Gjerstad J, Matre D, Pedersen LM, Heuch I, Zwart JA, Nilsen KB. The association between selected genetic variants and individual differences in experimental pain. Scand J Pain 2021; 21:163-173. [PMID: 33108341 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2020-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The underlying mechanisms for individual differences in experimental pain are not fully understood, but genetic susceptibility is hypothesized to explain some of these differences. In the present study we focus on three genetic variants important for modulating experimental pain related to serotonin (SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 A>G), catecholamine (COMT rs4680 Val158Met) and opioid (OPRM1 rs1799971 A118G) signaling. We aimed to investigate associations between each of the selected genetic variants and individual differences in experimental pain. METHODS In total 356 subjects (232 low back pain patients and 124 healthy volunteers) were genotyped and assessed with tests of heat pain threshold, pressure pain thresholds, heat pain tolerance, conditioned pain modulation (CPM), offset analgesia, temporal summation and secondary hyperalgesia. Low back pain patients and healthy volunteers did not differ in regards to experimental test results or allelic frequencies, and were therefore analyzed as one group. The associations were tested using analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS No significant associations were observed between the genetic variants (SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 A>G, COMT rs4680 Val158Met and OPRM1 rs1799971 A118G) and individual differences in experimental pain (heat pain threshold, pressure pain threshold, heat pain tolerance, CPM, offset analgesia, temporal summation and secondary hyperalgesia). CONCLUSIONS The selected pain-associated genetic variants were not associated with individual differences in experimental pain. Genetic variants well known for playing central roles in pain perception failed to explain individual differences in experimental pain in 356 subjects. The finding is an important contribution to the literature, which often consists of studies with lower sample size and one or few experimental pain assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bendik Winsvold
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes Gjerstad
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dagfinn Matre
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda M Pedersen
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Heuch
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Dhondt E, Danneels L, Van Oosterwijck S, Palmans T, Rijckaert J, Van Oosterwijck J. The influence of physical activity on the nociceptive flexion reflex in healthy people. Eur J Pain 2020; 25:774-789. [PMID: 33290578 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is a spinal reflex induced by painful stimuli resulting in an appropriate withdrawal response. The NFR is considered to be an objective physiological correlate of spinal nociception. Previous research has already demonstrated that physical activity (PA) can influence pain assessments. To date, no studies have directly examined the relationship between PA and spinal nociception. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether the NFR threshold can be predicted by report-based and monitor-based measures of PA in healthy adults. METHODS PA and the NFR threshold of 58 healthy adults were assessed. PA was evaluated by self-report using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and by monitor-based accelerometry data. The NFR threshold was elicited through transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the sural nerve and quantified by the biceps femoris muscle electromyogram. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between PA and the NFR, while controlling for confounders. RESULTS Monitor-based measured step count and activities of moderate- to vigorous-intensity predicted the NFR threshold accounting for 23.0% (p = .047) to 37.1% (p = .002) of the variance. Larger amounts of step counts and higher participation in moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities predicted higher NFR thresholds. Monitor-based activities of sedentary intensity predicted the NFR threshold accounting for 35.8% (p = .014) to 35.9% (p = .014) of the variance. Spending more time per day on activities of sedentary intensity predicted lower NFR thresholds. CONCLUSIONS The study provides preliminary evidence indicating that a physically active lifestyle may reduce spinal nociception in healthy adults, while a sedentary lifestyle enhances spinal nociception. SIGNIFICANCE The present study provides preliminary evidence that the influencing effects of physical activity on pain are the result of a strong descending control and do not purely rely on supraspinal mechanisms. These study results highlight the importance of considering physical activity levels when evaluating nociceptive processing, given the prognostic value of physical activity in spinal nociception. Furthermore, this study encourages future research to examine the effects of moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise programmes on spinal nociception in chronic pain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Dhondt
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Pain in Motion, International Research Group
| | - Lieven Danneels
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Oosterwijck
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Pain in Motion, International Research Group.,Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tanneke Palmans
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Rijckaert
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Audiology, Artevelde University College, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessica Van Oosterwijck
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Pain in Motion, International Research Group.,Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Effects of Conditioned Pain Modulation on the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex in Healthy People: A Systematic Review. Clin J Pain 2020; 35:794-807. [PMID: 31268892 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is a spinal reflex induced by painful stimuli resulting in a withdrawal response. Research has shown that the NFR is inhibited through endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms, which can be assessed by conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigms. Although accumulating research suggests that the NFR can be affected by CPM, no clear overview of the current evidence exists. Therefore, the present review aimed at providing such a synthesis of the literature. In addition, the influence of personal factors on the CPM of the NFR was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was performed and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Five electronic databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Retrieved articles were screened on eligibility using predefined inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was investigated according to the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Levels of evidence and strength of conclusion were assigned following the guidelines of the Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement. RESULTS Forty articles were included. There is some evidence that CPM produced by thermal or mechanical stimuli induces inhibitory effects on the NFR. However, inconclusive evidence exists with regard to the effect of electrical conditioning stimuli. While several personal factors do not affect CPM of the NFR, increased cognitive interference is associated with reduced NFR inhibition. DISCUSSION The present review demonstrates that certain types of nociceptive conditioning stimuli have the potential to depress, at the spinal level, nociceptive stimuli elicited from distant body regions. Although CPM of the NFR seems to be robust to the influence of several personal factors, it can be affected by cognitive influences.
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28
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Licht CL, Mortensen EL, Hjordt LV, Stenbaek DS, Arentzen TE, Nørremølle A, Knudsen GM. Serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) variation and sensory processing sensitivity-Comparison with other anxiety-related temperamental dimensions. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1352. [PMID: 32543106 PMCID: PMC7434600 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The short (s) allele of the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism in the promoter region of the human serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) gene SLC6A4 has previously been associated with anxiety‐related personality dimensions. However, this relationship has not been confirmed in all studies and may be modified by environmental circumstances and/or psychiatric illness. This study examined whether the temperamental trait sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), characterized by increased responsivity to environmental stimuli, is related to 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 genotype. Methods 5‐HTTLPR and rs25531 genotypes, level of SPS, self‐reported Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) personality profiles, and symptoms of psychological distress (SCL‐90R Global Severity Index) were determined for 405 healthy volunteers. Results Sensory processing sensitivity was highly correlated with the anxiety‐related dimensions of the NEO‐PI‐R and the TCI models of personality, Neuroticism, and Harm Avoidance, respectively. However, the level of SPS was not associated with the combined 5‐HTTLPR and rs25531 s′/s′ genotype. Neuroticism and Harm Avoidance were also not associated with 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 s′/s′ genotype. Correcting for symptoms of psychological distress had no effect on the relationships between personality and genotype. Conclusion The level of SPS was not associated with serotonin transporter gene variation. Further, combined 5‐HTTLPR and rs25531 genotype was not associated with other anxiety‐related dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie L Licht
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Erik L Mortensen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Liv V Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Dea S Stenbaek
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Tine E Arentzen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Anne Nørremølle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark
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29
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Lockwood S, Dickenson AH. What goes up must come down: insights from studies on descending controls acting on spinal pain processing. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:541-549. [PMID: 31515656 PMCID: PMC7148257 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Descending controls link higher processing of noxious signals to modulation of spinal cord responses to their noxious inputs. It has become possible to study one key inhibitory system in animals and humans using one painful stimulus to attenuate another distant response and so eliciting diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) or the human counterpart, conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Here, we discuss the neuronal pathways in both species, their pharmacology and examine changes in descending controls with a focus on osteoarthritis. We will also discuss the opposing descending facilitatory system. Strong parallels between DNIC and CPM emphasize the possibility of forward and reverse translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevie Lockwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London, WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Anthony H Dickenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London, WC1E6BT, UK.
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Ferrer-Peña R, Muñoz-García D, Calvo-Lobo C, Fernández-Carnero J. Pain Expansion and Severity Reflect Central Sensitization in Primary Care Patients with Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 20:961-970. [PMID: 30312451 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were twofold: 1) to evaluate the differences in pain sensitivity of patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) and 2) to examine the association between pain expansion, pain severity, and pain-related central sensitization somatosensory variables in patients with GTPS. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Primary health care centers. SUBJECTS The sample consisted of 49 participants with a mean age of 48.28 ± 8.13 years and included eight males (16.3%) and 41 females (83.7%). METHODS Conditioned pain modulation (CPM), pain location, temporal summation, pressure pain detection threshold (PPDT), and pain intensity were recorded. Pain severity was determined with the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS). RESULTS Several participants (34.7%) showed a negative conditioned pain modulation and a statistically significant negative moderate correlation (P < 0.05; r = -0.316) between conditioned pain modulation and right view percentage of pain location. Temporal summation at the major trochanter showed a statistically significant low negative correlation (P < 0.05; r = -0.298). The GCPS exhibited a statistically significant moderately positive correlation (P < 0.01; r = 0.467) with the PPDT at the trochanter and a significant correlation with the postero-superior iliac spine (P < 0.01; r = 0.515) and epicondyle (P < 0.01; r = 0.566). CONCLUSIONS Patients with GTPS presented altered CPM, a relationship with more pain areas associated with negative CPM, and a positive association between pain severity and mechanical hyperalgesia at remote sites. Thus, physicians could apply these outcome measurements to assess primary care patients with GTPS and determine the central sensitization presence to prescribe adequate multimodal treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ferrer-Peña
- Physical Therapy Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Salud Entrevías, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Escuela internacional de doctorado, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz-García
- Physical Therapy Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Ponferrada, León, Spain
| | - Josué Fernández-Carnero
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAz, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Central Sensitization in Chronic Pain and Eating Disorders: A Potential Shared Pathogenesis. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2019; 28:40-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10880-019-09685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cardinal TM, Antunes LC, Brietzke AP, Parizotti CS, Carvalho F, De Souza A, da Silva Torres IL, Fregni F, Caumo W. Differential Neuroplastic Changes in Fibromyalgia and Depression Indexed by Up-Regulation of Motor Cortex Inhibition and Disinhibition of the Descending Pain System: An Exploratory Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:138. [PMID: 31105542 PMCID: PMC6494946 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and fibromyalgia (FM) present overlapped symptoms. Although the connection between these two disorders has not been elucidated yet, the disruption of neuroplastic processes that mediate the equilibrium in the inhibitory systems stands out as a possible mechanism. Thus, the purpose of this cross-sectional exploratory study was: (i) to compare the motor cortex inhibition indexed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures [short intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF)], as well as the function of descending pain modulatory systems (DPMS) among FM, MDD, and healthy subjects (HS); (ii) to compare SICI, ICF, and the role of DPMS evaluated by the change on Numerical Pain Scale (NPS) during the conditioned pain modulation test (CPM-test) between FM and MDD considering the BDNF-adjusted index; (iii) to assess the relationship between the role of DPMS and the BDNF-adjusted index, despite clinical diagnosis. Patients and Methods: A cohort of 63 women, aged 18 to 75 years [FM (n = 18), MDD (n = 19), and HC (n = 29)]. Results: The MANCOVA analysis revealed that the mean of SICI was 53.40% larger in FM compared to MDD [1.03 (0.50) vs. 0.55 (0.43)] and 66.99% larger compared to HC [1.03 (0.50) vs. 0.34 (0.19)], respectively. The inhibitory potency of the DPMS assessed by the change on the NPS during CPM-test was 112.29 % lower in the FM compared to MDD [0.22 (1.37) vs. -0.87 (1.49)]. The mean of BDNF from FM compared to MDD was 35.70% higher [49.82 (16.31) vs. 14.12 (8.86)]. In FM, the Spearman's coefficient between the change in the NPS during CPM-test with the SICI was Rho = -0.49, [confidence interval (CI) 95%; -0.78 to -0.03]. The BDNF-adjusted index was positively correlated with the disinhibition of the DPMS. Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that in FM a deteriorated function of cortical inhibition, indexed by a higher SICI parameter, a lower function of the DPMS, together with a higher level of BDNF indicate that FM has different pathological substrates from depression. They suggest that an up-regulation phenomenon of intracortical inhibitory networks associated with a disruption of the DPMS function occurs in FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Madeira Cardinal
- Post-graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conceição Antunes
- Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Aline Patricia Brietzke
- Post-graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Schulz Parizotti
- Post-graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Carvalho
- Post-graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa De Souza
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Post-graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Wolnei Caumo
- Post-graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Pain, and Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Anesthesiologist, Pain and Palliative Care Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Brancher JA, Spada PP, Meger MN, Fatturri AL, Dalledone M, Bertoli FMDP, Deeley K, Scariot R, Vieira AR, Küchler EC, de Souza JF. The association of genetic polymorphisms in serotonin transporter and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase on temporomandibular disorders and anxiety in adolescents. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:597-604. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kathleen Deeley
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- School of Health Sciences Universidade Positivo Curitiba Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rezende Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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Scariot R, Sebastiani AM, Meger MN, Broska VT, Souza JF, Lima AA, Brancher JA, de Souza CM, Souza PHC, Trevillato PC. Anxiety and genetic polymorphisms in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and serotonin transportation gene (5HTT) are associated with benign migratory glossitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 127:218-224. [PMID: 30642702 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this case-control study was to investigate whether benign migratory glossitis (BMG) is associated with catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and serotonin transportation gene (5HTT) polymorphisms and anxiety. STUDY DESIGN The study comprised 43 patients with BMG and 114 patients without a history of BMG. We used the Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A) rating scale to assess each individual's anxiety. We collected DNA from buccal cells and analyzed polymorphisms of COMT and 5HTT. We conducted statistical evaluations by using SPSS software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and STATA (StataCorp, College Station, TX). Alpha value was set at 0.05. RESULTS Overall anxiety level was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P < .001). In adjusted multiple logistic regression, the COMT markers were not associated with BMG. Individuals with the CC genotype, in rs3813034 of 5HTT, presented an odds ratio (OR) of 2.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-7.82; P = .042). Individuals with the TT genotype, in the rs1042173 of 5HTT, presented an OR of 3.77 (95% CI 1.32-10.74; P = .013). For each incremental increase in the anxiety score, there was an 8% increase in the probability of BMG (ORa=1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.14; P = .007). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety increases the risk of BMG. Moreover, the occurrence of BMG was associated with polymorphisms in the 5HTT gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Scariot
- Professor in School of Health and Biological Sciences, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil; Professor in Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Feltrin Souza
- Professor in Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Antonio Adilson Lima
- Professor in Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - João Armando Brancher
- Professor in School of Health and Biological Sciences, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil; Professor at School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cleber Machado de Souza
- Professor at School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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García-Muntión A, Godefroy L, Robert H, Muñoz-García D, Calvo-Lobo C, López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I. Study of the mechanisms of action of the hypoalgesic effect of pressure under shock waves application: A randomised controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2018; 42:332-339. [PMID: 30670263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the perceived pain intensity during the application of shock waves (SWs) is a determinant mechanism in producing hypoalgesic changes in pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) in asymptomatic individuals. DESIGN A randomised, single-blind controlled trial [NCT03455933]. SETTING University. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-three asymptomatic individuals. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomised into three groups: 1-SWs causing mild pain (SW-DP); 2-SWs generating moderate pain (SW-MP); and 3-cold pressor test (CPT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Before and after the intervention, the PPT was evaluated bilaterally at the following points: lateral epicondyle, median nerve in the flexure of the elbow, and tibia. RESULTS The results showed differences between various groups over time for all PPTs assessments, due to the existence of statistically significant differences in the interaction group x times (dominant arm lateral epicondyle [P < 0.001; η2p = 0.255]; dominant arm median nerve [P = 0.001; η2p = 0.212]; nondominant arm lateral epicondyle [P < 0.001; η2p = 0.275]; nondominant arm median nerve [P < 0.001; η2p = 0.268]; tibia [P = 0.012, η2p = 0.138]). The SW-MP group obtained a significant increase in all the PPT evaluations compared with the SW-DP group (d > 0.80). The CPT group only showed significantly higher results, and of high magnitude (d > 0.80), regarding the SW-DP group for the PPT evaluation in the dominant member. The SW-MP group showed differences compared with the CPT only for the PPT obtained in the nondominant arm. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that SW treatment generates a hypoalgesic effect on the application point, with moderate pain. Further studies are necessary in order to link these hypoalgesic changes to the activation of the descending inhibitory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García-Muntión
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loris Godefroy
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Robert
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz-García
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Av. Astorga, s/n, Ponferrada, 24401, León, Spain.
| | - Ibai López-de-Uralde-Villanueva
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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Lockwood SM, Bannister K, Dickenson AH. An investigation into the noradrenergic and serotonergic contributions of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in a monoiodoacetate model of osteoarthritis. J Neurophysiol 2018; 121:96-104. [PMID: 30461363 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00613.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating conditioning with pain as the major clinical symptom. Understanding the mechanisms that drive OA-associated chronic pain is crucial for developing the most effective analgesics. Although the degradation of the joint is the initial trigger for the development of chronic pain, the discordance between radiographic joint damage and the reported pain experience in patients, coupled with clinical features that cannot be explained by purely peripheral mechanisms, suggest there are often other factors at play. Therefore, this study considers the central contributions of chronic pain, using a monoiodoacetate (MIA) model of OA. Particularly, this study explores the functionality of descending controls over the course of the model by assessing diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). Early-phase MIA animals have a functional DNIC system, whereas DNIC are abolished in late-phase MIA animals, indicating a dysregulation in descending modulation over the course of the model. In early-phase animals, blocking the actions of spinal α2-adrenergic receptors completely abolishes DNIC, whereas blocking the actions of spinal 5-HT7 receptors only partially decreases the magnitude of DNIC. However, activating the spinal α2-adrenergic or 5-HT7 receptors in late-phase MIA animals restored DNIC-induced neuronal inhibition. This study confirms that descending noradrenergic signaling is crucial for DNIC expression. Furthermore, we suggest a compensatory increase in descending serotonergic inhibition acting at 5-HT7 receptors as the model progresses such that receptor activation is sufficient to override the imbalance in descending controls and mediate neuronal inhibition. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study showed that there are both noradrenergic and serotonergic components contributing to the expression of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). Furthermore, although a tonic descending noradrenergic tone is always crucial for the expression of DNIC, variations in descending serotonergic signaling over the course of the model mean this component plays a more vital role in states of sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lockwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - K Bannister
- Wolfson CARD, Hodgkin Building, Kings College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - A H Dickenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London , London , United Kingdom
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Damien J, Colloca L, Bellei-Rodriguez CÉ, Marchand S. Pain Modulation: From Conditioned Pain Modulation to Placebo and Nocebo Effects in Experimental and Clinical Pain. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 139:255-296. [PMID: 30146050 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveal important applications of endogenous pain modulation assessment in healthy controls and in patients in clinical settings, as dysregulations in the balance of pain modulatory circuits may facilitate pain and promote chronification of pain. This article reviews data on pain modulation, focusing on the mechanisms and translational aspects of pain modulation from conditioned pain modulation (CPM) to placebo and nocebo effects in experimental and clinical pain. The specific roles of expectations, learning, neural and neurophysiological mechanisms of the central nervous system are briefly reviewed herein. The interaction between CPM and placebo systems in pain inhibitory pathways is highly relevant in the clinic and in randomized controlled trials yet remains to be clarified. Examples of clinical implications of CPM and its relationship to placebo and nocebo effects are provided. A greater understanding of the role of pain modulation in various pain states can help characterize the manifestation and development of chronic pain and assist in predicting the response to pain-relieving treatments. Placebo and nocebo effects, intrinsic to every treatment, can be used to develop personalized therapeutic approaches that improve clinical outcomes while limiting unwanted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Damien
- Research Center of the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Luana Colloca
- Department of Pain Translational Symptom Science, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; Departments of Psychiatry and Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Carmen-Édith Bellei-Rodriguez
- Research Center of the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Marchand
- Research Center of the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Santé (FRQS), Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Tour J, Löfgren M, Mannerkorpi K, Gerdle B, Larsson A, Palstam A, Bileviciute-Ljungar I, Bjersing J, Martin I, Ernberg M, Schalling M, Kosek E. Gene-to-gene interactions regulate endogenous pain modulation in fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls-antagonistic effects between opioid and serotonin-related genes. Pain 2018; 158:1194-1203. [PMID: 28282362 PMCID: PMC5472004 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is associated with dysfunctional endogenous pain modulation, involving both central opioid and serotonergic (5-HT) signaling. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome, characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and reduced exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). In this study, we assessed the effects of 3 functional genetic polymorphisms on EIH in 130 patients with FM and 132 healthy controls. Subjects were genotyped regarding the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene (rs1799971), the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene (5-HTTLPR/rs25531), and the serotonin-1a receptor (5-HT1a) gene (rs6296). The patients with FM had increased pain sensitivity and reduced EIH compared with healthy controls. None of the polymorphisms had an effect on EIH on their own. We found significant gene-to-gene interactions between OPRM1 x 5-HTT and OPRM1 x 5-HT1a regarding activation of EIH, with no statistically significant difference between groups. Better EIH was found in individuals with genetically inferred strong endogenous opioid signaling (OPRM1 G) in combination with weak 5-HT tone (5-HTT low/5-HT1a G), compared with strong 5-HT tone (5-HTT high/5-HT1a CC). Based on the proposed mechanisms of these genetic variants, the findings indicate antagonistic interactions between opioid and serotonergic mechanisms during EIH. Moreover, despite different baseline pain level, similar results were detected in FM and controls, not supporting an altered interaction between opioid and 5-HT mechanisms as the basis for dysfunction of EIH in patients with FM. In summary, our results suggest that, by genetic association, the mu-opioid receptor interacts with 2 major serotonergic structures involved in 5-HT reuptake and release, to modulate EIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Tour
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Löfgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Mannerkorpi
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Person Centered Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annie Palstam
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Indre Bileviciute-Ljungar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Bjersing
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Martin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Ernberg
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Spine Center, Lowenstromska Hospital, Upplands Vasby, Sweden
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Harper DE, Ichesco E, Schrepf A, Hampson JP, Clauw DJ, Schmidt-Wilcke T, Harris RE, Harte SE. Resting Functional Connectivity of the Periaqueductal Gray Is Associated With Normal Inhibition and Pathological Facilitation in Conditioned Pain Modulation. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:635.e1-635.e15. [PMID: 29360608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM), a psychophysical paradigm that is commonly used to infer the integrity of endogenous pain-altering systems by observation of the effect of one noxious stimulus on another, has previously identified deficient endogenous analgesia in fibromyalgia (FM) and other chronic pain conditions. The mechanisms underlying this deficiency, be they insufficient inhibition and/or active facilitation, are largely unknown. The present cross-sectional study used a combination of behavioral CPM testing, voxel-based morphometry, and resting state functional connectivity to identify neural correlates of CPM in healthy controls (HC; n = 14) and FM patients (n = 15), and to probe for differences that could explain the pain-facilitative CPM that was observed in our patient sample. Voxel-based morphometry identified a cluster encompassing the periaqueductal gray (PAG) that contained significantly less gray matter volume in FM patients. Higher resting connectivity between this cluster and cortical pain processing regions was associated with more efficient inhibitory CPM in both groups, whereas PAG connectivity with the dorsal pons was associated with greater CPM inhibition only in HC. Greater PAG connectivity to the caudal pons/rostral medulla, which was pain-inhibitory in HC, was associated with pain facilitation in FM patients. PERSPECTIVE These findings indicate that variation in the strength of the PAG resting functional connectivity can explain some of the normal variability in CPM. In addition, pain-facilitative CPM observed in FM patients likely involves attenuation of pain inhibitory as well as amplification of pain facilitative processes in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Harper
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Eric Ichesco
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew Schrepf
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Johnson P Hampson
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel J Clauw
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tobias Schmidt-Wilcke
- Department of Neurology, St. Mauritius Therapieklinik, Meerbusch, Germany; Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard E Harris
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven E Harte
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Paquet A, Plansont B, Labrunie A, Malauzat D, Girard M. Past Pain Experience and Experimentally induced Pain Perception. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2017; 38:1013-1021. [PMID: 28766994 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2017.1354103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Many intercurrent factors may be involved in the modulation of the pain message and its expression, such as the previous experience of pain built along the life. In this study, we aimed to determine whether susceptibility to experimentally induced pain is differentially influenced by the individual previous painful experience in subjects with schizophrenia (SC) major depression (MD), and controls (C). METHODS The SC (30), MD (32) and C (30) groups participated in experimental pain tests (application of pressure and induction of ischemia) after a semi-structured interview to make an inventory of the previous painful experiences, and the evaluation of anxiety either with autonomic (heart rate, blood pressure) or psychological (Hospital Anxiety Depression scale HAD) measures, and catastrophism. RESULTS The reported pain intensities, severities, duration, of the previous pain events, and the number of previous painful events were equivalent in the three groups, except for the number of painful events experimented before the last six months which was lower in the MD group. Experimental pain sensitivity was influenced by the diagnosis, the HAD scores or the number and intensities of previous lived painful events. CONCLUSION The lack of a past experience of pain was comparable for the different groups, suggesting that psychiatric disorders do not affect the experience of pain associated with daily life or past events. For each subject, the reported previous experience of pain influences the present feeling of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Paquet
- a Unité de recherche et de neurostimulation , Centre Hospitalier Esquirol , Limoges , France
| | - Brigitte Plansont
- a Unité de recherche et de neurostimulation , Centre Hospitalier Esquirol , Limoges , France
| | - Anaïs Labrunie
- b INSERM, U1094 , Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale , Limoges , France ; CHU Limoges , Centre d'Epidémiologie, de Biostatistique et de Méthodologie de la Recherche , Limoges , France
| | - Dominique Malauzat
- a Unité de recherche et de neurostimulation , Centre Hospitalier Esquirol , Limoges , France
| | - Murielle Girard
- a Unité de recherche et de neurostimulation , Centre Hospitalier Esquirol , Limoges , France
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Pain Catastrophizing and Anxiety are Associated With Heat Pain Perception in a Community Sample of Adults With Chronic Pain. Clin J Pain 2017; 32:875-81. [PMID: 26626297 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The principle aim of this study was to investigate the associations between heat pain (HP) perception, pain catastrophizing, and pain-related anxiety in a heterogenous cohort of community-dwelling adults with chronic pain admitted to a 3-week outpatient pain rehabilitation program. METHODS All adults consecutively admitted to an outpatient pain rehabilitation program from July 2009 through January 2011 were eligible for study recruitment (n=574). Upon admission, patients completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the short version of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS-20), and HP perception was assessed using a standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST) method of levels. RESULTS Greater PCS scores were significantly correlated with lower standardized values of HP threshold (HP 0.5) (P=0.006) and tolerance (HP 5) (P=0.003). In a multiple variable model adjusted for demographic and clinical factors known to influence HP perception, every 10-point increase in the PCS was associated with a -0.124 point change in HP 0.5 (P=0.014) and a -0.142 change in HP 5 (P=0.014) indicating that participants with higher PCS scores had lower HP thresholds and tolerances, respectively. Similarly, greater PASS-20 scores significantly correlated with lower standardized values of HP 0.5 and HP 5. In a multiple variable model, every 10-point increase in the PASS-20 was associated with a -0.084 point change in HP 0.5 (P=0.005) and a -0.116 point change in HP 5 (P=0.001) indicating that participants with higher PASS-20 scores had lower HP thresholds and tolerances, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study extend the use of a standardized method for assessing HP in a heterogenous sample of adults with chronic pain. Although pain catastrophizing shares significant variance with pain-related anxiety, our findings suggest that either measure would be appropriate for use in future studies that incorporate the QST method of levels.
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A tonic heat test stimulus yields a larger and more reliable conditioned pain modulation effect compared to a phasic heat test stimulus. Pain Rep 2017; 2:e626. [PMID: 29392240 PMCID: PMC5741326 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The interest in conditioned pain modulation (CPM) as a clinical tool for measuring endogenously induced analgesia is increasing. There is, however, large variation in the CPM methodology, hindering comparison of results across studies. Research comparing different CPM protocols is needed in order to obtain a standardized test paradigm. Objectives The aim of the study was to assess whether a protocol with phasic heat stimuli as test-stimulus is preferable to a protocol with tonic heat stimulus as test-stimulus. Methods In this experimental crossover study, we compared 2 CPM protocols with different test-stimulus; one with tonic test-stimulus (constant heat stimulus of 120-second duration) and one with phasic test-stimuli (3 heat stimulations of 5 seconds duration separated by 10 seconds). Conditioning stimulus was a 7°C water bath in parallel with the test-stimulus. Twenty-four healthy volunteers were assessed on 2 occasions with minimum 1 week apart. Differences in the magnitude and test-retest reliability of the CPM effect in the 2 protocols were investigated with repeated-measures analysis of variance and by relative and absolute reliability indices. Results The protocol with tonic test-stimulus induced a significantly larger CPM effect compared to the protocol with phasic test-stimuli (P < 0.001). Fair and good relative reliability was found with the phasic and tonic test-stimuli, respectively. Absolute reliability indices showed large intraindividual variability from session to session in both protocols. Conclusion The present study shows that a CPM protocol with a tonic test-stimulus is preferable to a protocol with phasic test-stimuli. However, we emphasize that one should be cautious to use the CPM effect as biomarker or in clinical decision making on an individual level due to large intraindividual variability.
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, causes pain and disability, as well as emotional distress. While total joint replacement is one of the most effective treatments available for improving the quality of life in people with severe OA, it is not suitable for all patients and all joints. Current pharmacological analgesics have limited efficacy, and their use is often restricted by adverse events. Medications that might reduce pain by slowing or preventing structural disease remain elusive. Our increasing understanding of the complex mechanisms that underlie OA pain offers a wide range of potential new treatment targets. New drugs for OA pain might come from repurposing those developed for other conditions, as well as novel compounds targeting pain mechanisms specific to the joint. Here we discuss the mechanisms of OA pain and its therapeutic implications. We explore evolving treatment modalities, including combination treatment. We review recent research and patents pointing to future OA therapies. We discuss the potential for biomarkers to facilitate drug development and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Walsh
- 1 Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.,2 Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.,3 NIHR Nottingham BRC, UK.,4 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK.,5 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - Joanne Stocks
- 1 Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.,2 Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.,3 NIHR Nottingham BRC, UK
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Tour J, Löfgren M, Mannerkorpi K, Gerdle B, Larsson A, Palstam A, Bileviciute-Ljungar I, Bjersing J, Martin I, Ernberg M, Schalling M, Kosek E. Gene-to-gene interactions regulate endogenous pain modulation in fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls-antagonistic effects between opioid and serotonin-related genes. Pain 2017; 158:1194-1203. [PMID: 28282362 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000896.pmid:28282362;pmcid:pmc5472004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is associated with dysfunctional endogenous pain modulation, involving both central opioid and serotonergic (5-HT) signaling. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome, characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and reduced exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). In this study, we assessed the effects of 3 functional genetic polymorphisms on EIH in 130 patients with FM and 132 healthy controls. Subjects were genotyped regarding the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene (rs1799971), the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene (5-HTTLPR/rs25531), and the serotonin-1a receptor (5-HT1a) gene (rs6296). The patients with FM had increased pain sensitivity and reduced EIH compared with healthy controls. None of the polymorphisms had an effect on EIH on their own. We found significant gene-to-gene interactions between OPRM1 x 5-HTT and OPRM1 x 5-HT1a regarding activation of EIH, with no statistically significant difference between groups. Better EIH was found in individuals with genetically inferred strong endogenous opioid signaling (OPRM1 G) in combination with weak 5-HT tone (5-HTT low/5-HT1a G), compared with strong 5-HT tone (5-HTT high/5-HT1a CC). Based on the proposed mechanisms of these genetic variants, the findings indicate antagonistic interactions between opioid and serotonergic mechanisms during EIH. Moreover, despite different baseline pain level, similar results were detected in FM and controls, not supporting an altered interaction between opioid and 5-HT mechanisms as the basis for dysfunction of EIH in patients with FM. In summary, our results suggest that, by genetic association, the mu-opioid receptor interacts with 2 major serotonergic structures involved in 5-HT reuptake and release, to modulate EIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Tour
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Löfgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Mannerkorpi
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Person Centered Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annie Palstam
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Indre Bileviciute-Ljungar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Bjersing
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Martin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Ernberg
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Spine Center, Lowenstromska Hospital, Upplands Vasby, Sweden
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Bannister K, Dickenson AH. The plasticity of descending controls in pain: translational probing. J Physiol 2017; 595:4159-4166. [PMID: 28387936 DOI: 10.1113/jp274165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Descending controls, comprising pathways that originate in midbrain and brainstem regions and project onto the spinal cord, have long been recognised as key links in the multiple neural networks that interact to produce the overall pain experience. There is clear evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that both peripheral and central sensitisation play important roles in determining the level of pain perceived. Much emphasis has been put on spinal cord mechanisms in central excitability, but it is now becoming clear that spinal hyperexcitability can be regulated by descending pathways from the brain that originate from predominantly noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. One pain can inhibit another. In this respect diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) are a unique form of endogenous descending inhibitory pathway since they can be easily evoked and quantified in animals and man. The spinal pharmacology of pathways that subserve DNIC are complicated; in the normal situation these descending controls produce a final inhibitory effect through the actions of noradrenaline at spinal α2 -adrenoceptors, although serotonin, acting on facilitatory spinal 5-HT3 receptors, influences the final expression of DNIC also. These descending pathways are altered in neuropathy and the effects of excess serotonin may now become inhibitory through activation of spinal 5-HT7 receptors. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is the human counterpart of DNIC and requires a descending control also. Back and forward translational studies between DNIC and CPM, gauged between bench and bedside, are key for the development of analgesic therapies that exploit descending noradrenergic and serotonergic control pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A H Dickenson
- University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Bannister K, Lockwood S, Goncalves L, Patel R, Dickenson AH. An investigation into the inhibitory function of serotonin in diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in the neuropathic rat. Eur J Pain 2016; 21:750-760. [PMID: 27891703 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following neuropathy α2-adrenoceptor-mediated diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), whereby a noxious conditioning stimulus inhibits the activity of spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons, are abolished, and spinal 5-HT7 receptor densities are increased. Here, we manipulate spinal 5-HT content in spinal nerve ligated (SNL) animals and investigate which 5-HT receptor mediated actions predominate. METHODS Using in vivo electrophysiology we recorded WDR neuronal responses to von frey filaments applied to the hind paw before, and concurrent to, a noxious ear pinch (the conditioning stimulus) in isoflurane-anaesthetised rats. The expression of DNIC was quantified as a reduction in WDR neuronal firing in the presence of conditioning stimulus and was investigated in SNL rats following spinal application of (1) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) citalopram or fluoxetine, or dual application of (2) SSRI plus 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB269970, or (3) SSRI plus α2 adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole. RESULTS DNIC were revealed in SNL animals following spinal application of SSRI, but this effect was abolished upon joint application of SSRI plus SB269970 or atipamezole. CONCLUSIONS We propose that in SNL animals the inhibitory actions (quantified as the presence of DNIC) of excess spinal 5-HT (presumed present following application of SSRI) were mediated via 5-HT7 receptors. The anti-nociception depends upon an underlying tonic noradrenergic inhibitory tone via the α2-adrenoceptor. SIGNIFICANCE Following neuropathy enhanced spinal serotonin availability switches the predominant spinal 5-HT receptor-mediated actions but also alters noradrenergic signalling. We highlight the therapeutic complexity of SSRIs and monoamine modulators for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bannister
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, UK
| | - S Lockwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, UK
| | - L Goncalves
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, UK
| | - R Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, UK
| | - A H Dickenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, UK
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Kosek E, Martinsen S, Gerdle B, Mannerkorpi K, Löfgren M, Bileviciute-Ljungar I, Fransson P, Schalling M, Ingvar M, Ernberg M, Jensen KB. The translocator protein gene is associated with symptom severity and cerebral pain processing in fibromyalgia. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 58:218-227. [PMID: 27448744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.07.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocator protein (TSPO) is upregulated during glia activation in chronic pain patients. TSPO constitutes the rate-limiting step in neurosteroid synthesis, thus modulating synaptic transmission. Related serotonergic mechanisms influence if pro- or anti-nociceptive neurosteroids are produced. This study investigated the effects of a functional genetic polymorphism regulating the binding affinity to the TSPO, thus affecting symptom severity and cerebral pain processing in fibromyalgia patients. Gene-to-gene interactions with a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene were assessed. Fibromyalgia patients (n=126) were genotyped regarding the polymorphisms of the TSPO (rs6971) and the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR/rs25531). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (n=24) was used to study brain activation during individually calibrated pressure pain. Compared to mixed/low TSPO affinity binders, the high TSPO affinity binders rated more severe pain (p=0.016) and fibromyalgia symptoms (p=0.02). A significant interaction was found between the TSPO and the serotonin transporter polymorphisms regarding pain severity (p<0.0001). Functional connectivity analyses revealed that the TSPO high affinity binding group had more pronounced pain-evoked functional connectivity in the right frontoparietal network, between the dorsolateral prefrontal area and the parietal cortex. In conclusion, fibromyalgia patients with the TSPO high affinity binding genotype reported a higher pain intensity and more severe fibromyalgia symptoms compared to mixed/low affinity binders, and this was modulated by interaction with the serotonin transporter gene. To our knowledge this is the first evidence of functional genetic polymorphisms affecting pain severity in FM and our findings are in line with proposed glia-related mechanisms. Furthermore, the functional magnetic resonance findings indicated an effect of translocator protein on the affective-motivational components of pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Osher Center, Karolinska Insitutet, Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Spine Center, Löwenströmska Hospital, 198 84 Upplands Väsby, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Martinsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Osher Center, Karolinska Insitutet, Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Kaisa Mannerkorpi
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation/Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-centred Care (GPCC), Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Monika Löfgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, SE-182 88 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Indre Bileviciute-Ljungar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, SE-182 88 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Fransson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Osher Center, Karolinska Insitutet, Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Osher Center, Karolinska Insitutet, Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Malin Ernberg
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), SE-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Karin B Jensen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Osher Center, Karolinska Insitutet, Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Treating Chronic Pain with SSRIs: What Do We Know? Pain Res Manag 2016; 2016:2020915. [PMID: 27445601 PMCID: PMC4947493 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2020915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays a major role in both nociception and mood regulation. Alterations in the 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HT) system have been reported in chronic pain patients. In recent years, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) have been suggested as an alternative treatment for chronic pain due to the fact that they are better tolerated presenting less secondary effects than other antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants. Although several clinical trials have been published, the effectiveness of SSRI as treatment for pain conditions is inconclusive. This review aims to summarise what is known, regarding the effectiveness of SSRI as a treatment for chronic pain conditions in adults. A total of 36 studies involving a total of 1898 participants were included in this review. Of the 36 trials included in the review, 2 used zimelidine as treatment, 3 used escitalopram, 4 used fluvoxamine, 4 used sertraline, 6 used citalopram, 8 used paroxetine, 9 used fluoxetine, and one used both citalopram and paroxetine. Because the trials included in this review are quite heterogeneous, only qualitative analyses were performed. SSRI seems to have an effect on most of chronic pain conditions; however, further clinical trials with good methodology leading to low risk of bias are needed in order to conclude once and for all the effect of this drug class as treatment for chronic pain conditions.
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