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Mori MP, Penjweini R, Knutson JR, Wang PY, Hwang PM. Mitochondria and oxygen homeostasis. FEBS J 2022; 289:6959-6968. [PMID: 34235856 PMCID: PMC8790743 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen possesses a dual nature due to its highly reactive free radical property: it is capable of oxidizing metabolic substrates to generate cellular energy, but can also serve as a substrate for genotoxic reactive oxygen species generation. As a labile substance upon which aerobic life depends, the mechanisms for handling cellular oxygen have been fine-tuned and orchestrated in evolution. Protection from atmospheric oxygen toxicity as originally posited by the Endosymbiotic Theory of the Mitochondrion is likely to be one basic principle underlying oxygen homeostasis. We briefly review the literature on oxygen homeostasis both in vitro and in vivo with a focus on the role of the mitochondrion where the majority of cellular oxygen is consumed. The insights gleaned from these basic mechanisms are likely to be important for understanding disease pathogenesis and developing strategies for maintaining health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus P. Mori
- Cardiovascular Branch; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rozhin Penjweini
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay R. Knutson
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping-yuan Wang
- Cardiovascular Branch; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul M. Hwang
- Cardiovascular Branch; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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2
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Patel PS, Castelow C, Patel DS, Bhattacharya SK, Kuscu C, Kuscu C, Makowski L, Eason JD, Bajwa A. Mitochondrial Role in Oncogenesis and Potential Chemotherapeutic Strategy of Mitochondrial Infusion in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12993. [PMID: 36361782 PMCID: PMC9658440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive cancers diagnosed amongst women with a high rate of treatment failure and a poor prognosis. Mitochondria have been found to be key players in oncogenesis and tumor progression by mechanisms such as altered metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and evasion of apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondrial infusion is an area of interest for cancer treatment. Studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrate mitochondrial-mediated reduction in glycolysis, enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), reduction in proliferation, and an enhancement of apoptosis as effective anti-tumor therapies. This review focuses on mitochondrial dysregulation and infusion in malignancies, such as TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisha S. Patel
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Christopher Castelow
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Disha S. Patel
- School of Interdisciplinary Studies and Global Education, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Syamal K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Cem Kuscu
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Canan Kuscu
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - James D. Eason
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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3
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Mladenovic Djordjevic A, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N, Gonos ES. Dietary Restriction and Oxidative Stress: Friends or Enemies? Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:421-438. [PMID: 32242468 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Significance: It is well established that lifestyle and dietary habits have a tremendous impact on life span, the rate of aging, and the onset/progression of age-related diseases. Specifically, dietary restriction (DR) and other healthy dietary patterns are usually accompanied by physical activity and differ from Western diet that is rich in fat and sugars. Moreover, as the generation of reactive oxidative species is the major causative factor of aging, while DR could modify the level of oxidative stress, it has been proposed that DR increases both survival and longevity. Recent Advances: Despite the documented links between DR, aging, and oxidative stress, many issues remain to be addressed. For instance, the free radical theory of aging is under "re-evaluation," while DR as a golden standard for prolonging life span and ameliorating the effects of aging is also under debate. Critical Issues: This review article pays special attention to highlight the link between DR and oxidative stress in both aging and age-related diseases. We discuss in particular DR's capability to counteract the consequences of oxidative stress and the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Future Directions: Although DR is undoubtedly beneficial, several considerations must be taken into account when designing the best dietary intervention. Use of intermittent fasting, daily food reduction, or DR mimetics? Future research should unravel the pros and cons of all these processes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 421-438.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mladenovic Djordjevic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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4
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Tuerdi A, Kikuta S, Kinoshita M, Kamogashira T, Kondo K, Yamasoba T. Zone-specific damage of the olfactory epithelium under protein restriction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22175. [PMID: 33335225 PMCID: PMC7746724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes tissue damage, affecting age-related pathologies. Protein restriction (PR) provides a powerful intervention strategy for reducing oxidative stress, which may have a positive effect on individual organs. However, it is unknown whether PR intervention influences the olfactory system. Here, we investigated how 10 months of PR could affect the cell dynamics of the olfactory epithelium (OE) in mice. We found that PR reduced age-related loss of outer hair cells in the cochlea, providing preventive effects against age-related hearing loss. In contrast, PR resulted in reduced mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), increased proliferative basal cells, and increased apoptotic OSNs in zone 1 (the only area containing neurons expressing NQO1 [quinone dehydrogenase 1]) of the OE in comparison with animals given a control diet. Substantial oxidative stress occurred in NQO1-positive cells and induced apoptotic OSNs in zone 1. These results indicate that in contrast to the positive effect on the auditory system, PR induces oxidative stress and structurally and functionally negative effects on OSNs in zone 1, which is probably involved in the bioactivation of NQO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayinuer Tuerdi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shu Kikuta
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Teru Kamogashira
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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5
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Aparecida Silveira E, Vaseghi G, de Carvalho Santos AS, Kliemann N, Masoudkabir F, Noll M, Mohammadifard N, Sarrafzadegan N, de Oliveira C. Visceral Obesity and Its Shared Role in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scoping Review of the Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9042. [PMID: 33261185 PMCID: PMC7730690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between obesity, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been demonstrated in animal and epidemiological studies. However, the specific role of visceral obesity on cancer and CVD remains unclear. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a complex and metabolically active tissue, that can produce different adipokines and hormones, responsible for endocrine-metabolic comorbidities. This review explores the potential mechanisms related to VAT that may also be involved in cancer and CVD. In addition, we discuss the shared pharmacological treatments which may reduce the risk of both diseases. This review highlights that chronic inflammation, molecular aspects, metabolic syndrome, secretion of hormones and adiponectin associated to VAT may have synergistic effects and should be further studied in relation to cancer and CVD. Reductions in abdominal and visceral adiposity improve insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and cytokines, which consequently reduce the risk of CVD and some cancers. Several medications have shown to reduce visceral and/or subcutaneous fat. Further research is needed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms by which visceral obesity may cause both cancer and CVD. The role of visceral fat in cancer and CVD is an important area to advance. Public health policies to increase public awareness about VAT's role and ways to manage or prevent it are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Annelisa Silva de Carvalho Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
- United Faculty of Campinas, Goiânia 74525-020, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Kliemann
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran;
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran
| | - Matias Noll
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Ceres 76300-000, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
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6
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Carbone M, Arron ST, Beutler B, Bononi A, Cavenee W, Cleaver JE, Croce CM, D'Andrea A, Foulkes WD, Gaudino G, Groden JL, Henske EP, Hickson ID, Hwang PM, Kolodner RD, Mak TW, Malkin D, Monnat RJ, Novelli F, Pass HI, Petrini JH, Schmidt LS, Yang H. Tumour predisposition and cancer syndromes as models to study gene-environment interactions. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:533-549. [PMID: 32472073 PMCID: PMC8104546 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell division and organismal development are exquisitely orchestrated and regulated processes. The dysregulation of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes may cause cancer, a consequence of cell-intrinsic and/or cell-extrinsic events. Cellular DNA can be damaged by spontaneous hydrolysis, reactive oxygen species, aberrant cellular metabolism or other perturbations that cause DNA damage. Moreover, several environmental factors may damage the DNA, alter cellular metabolism or affect the ability of cells to interact with their microenvironment. While some environmental factors are well established as carcinogens, there remains a large knowledge gap of others owing to the difficulty in identifying them because of the typically long interval between carcinogen exposure and cancer diagnosis. DNA damage increases in cells harbouring mutations that impair their ability to correctly repair the DNA. Tumour predisposition syndromes in which cancers arise at an accelerated rate and in different organs - the equivalent of a sensitized background - provide a unique opportunity to examine how gene-environment interactions influence cancer risk when the initiating genetic defect responsible for malignancy is known. Understanding the molecular processes that are altered by specific germline mutations, environmental exposures and related mechanisms that promote cancer will allow the design of novel and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Sarah T Arron
- STA, JEC, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for Genetic Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Angela Bononi
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Webster Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James E Cleaver
- STA, JEC, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alan D'Andrea
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giovanni Gaudino
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Center for LAM Research, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard D Kolodner
- Ludwig Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond J Monnat
- Department Pathology, Washington University, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Science, Washington University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Flavia Novelli
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John H Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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7
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Cassim S, Vučetić M, Ždralević M, Pouyssegur J. Warburg and Beyond: The Power of Mitochondrial Metabolism to Collaborate or Replace Fermentative Glycolysis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051119. [PMID: 32365833 PMCID: PMC7281550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining hallmark of tumor phenotypes is uncontrolled cell proliferation, while fermentative glycolysis has long been considered as one of the major metabolic pathways that allows energy production and provides intermediates for the anabolic growth of cancer cells. Although such a vision has been crucial for the development of clinical imaging modalities, it has become now evident that in contrast to prior beliefs, mitochondria play a key role in tumorigenesis. Recent findings demonstrated that a full genetic disruption of the Warburg effect of aggressive cancers does not suppress but instead reduces tumor growth. Tumor growth then relies exclusively on functional mitochondria. Besides having fundamental bioenergetic functions, mitochondrial metabolism indeed provides appropriate building blocks for tumor anabolism, controls redox balance, and coordinates cell death. Hence, mitochondria represent promising targets for the development of novel anti-cancer agents. Here, after revisiting the long-standing Warburg effect from a historic and dynamic perspective, we review the role of mitochondria in cancer with particular attention to the cancer cell-intrinsic/extrinsic mechanisms through which mitochondria influence all steps of tumorigenesis, and briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamir Cassim
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Milica Vučetić
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
| | - Maša Ždralević
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, 06189 Nice, France;
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, 06189 Nice, France;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.P.)
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Kluckova K, Tennant DA. Metabolic implications of hypoxia and pseudohypoxia in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:367-378. [PMID: 29450727 PMCID: PMC5915505 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a critical driver of cancer pathogenesis, directly inducing malignant phenotypes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cell-like characteristics and metabolic transformation. However, hypoxia-associated phenotypes are often observed in cancer in the absence of hypoxia, a phenotype known as pseudohypoxia, which is very well documented in specific tumour types, including in paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma (PPGL). Approximately 40% of the PPGL tumours carry a germ line mutation in one of a number of susceptibility genes of which those that are found in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) or in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) genes manifest a strong pseudohypoxic phenotype. Mutations in SDH are oncogenic, forming tumours in a select subset of tissues, but the cause for this remains elusive. Although elevated succinate levels lead to increase in hypoxia-like signalling, there are other phenotypes that are being increasingly recognised in SDH-mutated PPGL, such as DNA hypermethylation. Further, recently unveiled changes in metabolic re-wiring of SDH-deficient cells might help to decipher cancer related roles of SDH in the future. In this review, we will discuss the various implications that the malfunctioning SDH can have and its impact on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kluckova
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Okkelman IA, Foley T, Papkovsky DB, Dmitriev RI. Multi-Parametric Imaging of Hypoxia and Cell Cycle in Intestinal Organoid Culture. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1035:85-103. [PMID: 29080132 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67358-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dynamics of oxygenation of tissue and stem cell niches are important for understanding physiological function of the intestine in normal and diseased states. Only a few techniques allow live visualization of tissue hypoxia at cellular level and in three dimensions. We describe an optimized protocol, which uses cell-penetrating O2-sensitive probe, Pt-Glc and phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM), to analyze O2 distribution in mouse intestinal organoids. Unlike the other indirect and end-point hypoxia stains, or point measurements with microelectrodes, this method provides high-resolution real-time visualization of O2 in organoids. Multiplexing with conventional fluorescent live cell imaging probes such as the Hoechst 33342-based FLIM assay of cell proliferation, and immunofluorescence staining of endogenous proteins, allows analysis of key physiologic parameters under O2 control in organoids. The protocol is useful for gastroenterology and physiology of intestinal tissue, hypoxia research, regenerative medicine, studying host-microbiota interactions and bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Okkelman
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Bioanalysis, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tara Foley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Bioanalysis, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Metabolic Imaging Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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10
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Abstract
Glycolysis has long been considered as the major metabolic process for energy production and anabolic growth in cancer cells. Although such a view has been instrumental for the development of powerful imaging tools that are still used in the clinics, it is now clear that mitochondria play a key role in oncogenesis. Besides exerting central bioenergetic functions, mitochondria provide indeed building blocks for tumor anabolism, control redox and calcium homeostasis, participate in transcriptional regulation, and govern cell death. Thus, mitochondria constitute promising targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. However, tumors arise, progress, and respond to therapy in the context of an intimate crosstalk with the host immune system, and many immunological functions rely on intact mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we review the cancer cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms through which mitochondria influence all steps of oncogenesis, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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11
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Abstract
Thiersch, Markus, and Erik R. Swenson. High altitude and cancer mortality. High Alt Med Biol 19:116-123, 2018.-Humans living at high altitude (HA) are exposed to chronic (hypobaric) hypoxia. Despite the permanent stress of hypoxic exposure, humans populating HA areas have reduced cancer mortality over a broad spectrum of cancer types. In fact, the majority of the physiological adaptive processes at HA occurring in response to hypoxia might be the driving force for reduced cancer mortality at HA. In this review, we summarize epidemiological and animal studies that compare cancer incidence and cancer mortality between HA and low altitude or between hypoxia and normoxia, respectively. We discuss the potential role of oxygen-independent and oxygen-dependent mechanisms that might contribute to reduced cancer mortality at HA. Reactive oxygen species and their detoxification as well as the hypoxia-inducible factors are especially promising targets and may be related to why cancer mortality is reduced at HA. In addition, we briefly discuss two aspects with a proven impact on tumorigenesis, namely the immune system and tumor surveillance as well as HA-induced metabolic changes. Further animal and clinical studies are clearly needed to explain why cancer mortality is reduced at HA and to decide whether HA or hypoxia-based therapeutic approaches could be implemented for cancer treatment. However, exposure to HA activates multiple adaptive mechanisms (oxygen independent and oxygen dependent) sharing common pathways as well as activating counteracting pathways, which complicate the identification of specific HA-induced mechanisms of tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Thiersch
- 1 Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland .,2 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik R Swenson
- 3 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,4 Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System , Seattle, Washington
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12
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Himbert C, Thompson H, Ulrich CM. Effects of Intentional Weight Loss on Markers of Oxidative Stress, DNA Repair and Telomere Length - a Systematic Review. Obes Facts 2017; 10:648-665. [PMID: 29237161 PMCID: PMC5836214 DOI: 10.1159/000479972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered levels of markers of oxidative stress, DNA repair, and telomere integrity have been detected in obese individuals and may underlie the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. However, whether or not such effects are reversed by intentional weight loss has not been systematically reviewed. METHODS A literature search in PubMed/Medline identified 2,388 articles of which 21 studies (randomized controlled trial (RCT) (n = 10) and non-randomized intervention studies (n = 11)) were classified as testing the effects of intentional weight loss on i) oxidative stress (n = 15), ii) DNA repair (n = 2), and iii) telomere length (n = 4). RESULTS Across a broad range of intervention designs, diet-, exercise-, surgery-, balloon-induced weight loss regimens decreased oxidative stress measures. Studies investigating DNA repair capacity or telomere length as endpoints after weight loss were less common in number and yielded null or inconsistent results, respectively. CONCLUSION While this systematic review supports a role for intentional weight loss in reducing obesity-associated oxidative stress, it is not clear whether the effects are primary outcomes or secondary to improvement in obesity-associated insulin resistance and/or chronic inflammation. Although the lack of effect of intentional weight loss on DNA repair capacity might be anticipated given that oxidative stress is reduced, additional studies are needed. The inconsistent effects of weight loss on telomere length or DNA repair suggest the need for a re-assessment of intervention designs and assay methodology to definitively address this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Himbert
- Department of Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Department of Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- *Cornelia M. Ulrich, Department of Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Room 4725, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,
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13
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Chen X, Lv Q, Hong Y, Chen X, Cheng B, Wu T. IL-1β maintains the redox balance by regulating glutaredoxin 1 expression during oral carcinogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:332-339. [PMID: 27658048 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine; Hospital of Stomatology; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Guanghua School of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Qianshu Lv
- Department of Oral Medicine; Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhongshan Guangdong China
| | - Yun Hong
- Department of Oral Medicine; Hospital of Stomatology; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Guanghua School of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine; Hospital of Stomatology; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Guanghua School of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine; Hospital of Stomatology; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Guanghua School of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine; Hospital of Stomatology; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Guanghua School of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Chen J, Kang JG, Keyvanfar K, Young NS, Hwang PM. Long-term adaptation to hypoxia preserves hematopoietic stem cell function. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:866-873.e4. [PMID: 27118043 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen sustains aerobic life, but it also serves as the substrate for oxidative stress, which has been associated with the pathogenesis of disease and with aging. Compared with mice housed in normoxia (21% O2), reducing ambient oxygen to 10% O2 (hypoxia) resulted in increased hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function as measured by bone marrow (BM) cell engraftment onto lethally irradiated recipients. The number of BM c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+)Lin(-) (KSL) cells as well as the number of cells with other hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell markers were increased in hypoxia mice, whereas the BM cells' colony-forming capacity remained unchanged. KSL cells from hypoxia mice showed a decreased level of oxidative stress and increased expression of transcription factor Gata1 and cytokine receptor c-Mpl, consistent with the observations of increased erythropoiesis and enhanced HSC engraftment. These observations demonstrate the benefit of a hypoxic HSC niche and suggest that hypoxic conditions can be further optimized to preserve stem cell integrity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ju-Gyeong Kang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Kang JG, Sung HJ, Amar MJ, Pryor M, Remaley AT, Allen MD, Noguchi AC, Springer DA, Kwon J, Chen J, Park JH, Wang PY, Hwang PM. Low ambient oxygen prevents atherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:277-86. [PMID: 26830628 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Large population studies have shown that living at higher altitudes, which lowers ambient oxygen exposure, is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease mortality. However, hypoxia has also been reported to promote atherosclerosis by worsening lipid metabolism and inflammation. We sought to address these disparate reports by reducing the ambient oxygen exposure of ApoE-/- mice. We observed that long-term adaptation to 10% O2 (equivalent to oxygen content at ∼5000 m), compared to 21% O2 (room air at sea level), resulted in a marked decrease in aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. This effect was associated with increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), known to be anti-atherogenic and regulated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α). Supporting these observations, ApoE-/- mice that were deficient in IL-10 (IL10-/- ApoE-/- double knockout) failed to show reduced atherosclerosis in 10% oxygen. Our study reveals a specific mechanism that can help explain the decreased prevalence of ischemic heart disease in populations living at high altitudes and identifies ambient oxygen exposure as a potential factor that could be modulated to alter pathogenesis. Key messages: Chronic low ambient oxygen exposure decreases atherosclerosis in mice. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels are increased by low ambient O2. This is consistent with the established role of HIF-1α in IL10 transactivation. Absence of IL-10 results in the loss of the anti-atherosclerosis effect of low O2. This mechanism may contribute to decreased atherosclerosis at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Gyeong Kang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ho Joong Sung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Marcelo J Amar
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Milton Pryor
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jaeyul Kwon
- School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, Korea
| | - Ji-hoon Park
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping-yuan Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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16
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Sightings, edited by Erik Swenson and Peter Bärtsch. High Alt Med Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2015.29004.stg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Zhang S, Yang C, Yang Z, Zhang D, Ma X, Mills G, Liu Z. Homeostasis of redox status derived from glucose metabolic pathway could be the key to understanding the Warburg effect. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1265-1280. [PMID: 26101696 PMCID: PMC4473309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is vital for cell function. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS), a by-product from OXPHOS, is a major source of endogenously produced toxic stressors on the genome. In fact, ATP could be efficiently produced in a high throughput manner without ROS generation in cytosol through glycolysis, which could be a unique and critical metabolic pathway to prevent spontaneous mutation during DNA replication. Therefore glycolysis is dominant in robust proliferating cells. Indeed, aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, in normal proliferating cells is an example of homeostasis of redox status by transiently shifting metabolic flux from OXPHOS to glycolysis to avoid ROS generation during DNA synthesis and protect genome integrity. The process of maintaining redox homeostasis is driven by genome wide transcriptional clustering with mitochondrial retrograde signaling and coupled with the glucose metabolic pathway and cell division cycle. On the contrary, the Warburg effect in cancer cells is the results of the alteration of redox status from a reprogramed glucose metabolic pathway caused by the dysfunctional OXPHOS. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) disrupt mitochondrial structural integrity, leading to reduced OXPHOS capacity, sustained glycolysis and excessive ROS leak, all of which are responsible for tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. A "plumbing model" is used to illustrate how redox status could be regulated through glucose metabolic pathway and provide a new insight into the understanding of the Warburg effect in both normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwei Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, 77030, USA
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhenduo Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Medical SchoolHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gordon Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zesheng Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, 77030, USA
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18
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Zhang S, Yang C, Yang Z, Zhang D, Ma X, Mills G, Liu Z. Homeostasis of redox status derived from glucose metabolic pathway could be the key to understanding the Warburg effect. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:928-944. [PMID: 26045978 PMCID: PMC4449427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is vital for cell function. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS), a by-product from OXPHOS, is a major source of endogenously produced toxic stressors on the genome. In fact, ATP could be efficiently produced in a high throughput manner without ROS generation in cytosol through glycolysis, which could be a unique and critical metabolic pathway to prevent spontaneous mutation during DNA replication. Therefore glycolysis is dominant in robust proliferating cells. Indeed, aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, in normal proliferating cells is an example of homeostasis of redox status by transiently shifting metabolic flux from OXPHOS to glycolysis to avoid ROS generation during DNA synthesis and protect genome integrity. The process of maintaining redox homeostasis is driven by genome wide transcriptional clustering with mitochondrial retrograde signaling and coupled with the glucose metabolic pathway and cell division cycle. On the contrary, the Warburg effect in cancer cells is the results of the alteration of redox status from a reprogramed glucose metabolic pathway caused by the dysfunctional OXPHOS. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) disrupt mitochondrial structural integrity, leading to reduced OXPHOS capacity, sustained glycolysis and excessive ROS leak, all of which are responsible for tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. A "plumbing model" is used to illustrate how redox status could be regulated through glucose metabolic pathway and provide a new insight into the understanding of the Warburg effect in both normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwei Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, 77030, USA
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhenduo Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Medical SchoolHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gordon Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zesheng Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, 77030, USA
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19
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Simeonov KP, Himmelstein DS. Lung cancer incidence decreases with elevation: evidence for oxygen as an inhaled carcinogen. PeerJ 2015; 3:e705. [PMID: 25648772 PMCID: PMC4304851 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The level of atmospheric oxygen, a driver of free radical damage and tumorigenesis, decreases sharply with rising elevation. To understand whether ambient oxygen plays a role in human carcinogenesis, we characterized age-adjusted cancer incidence (compiled by the National Cancer Institute from 2005 to 2009) across counties of the elevation-varying Western United States and compared trends displayed by respiratory cancer (lung) and non-respiratory cancers (breast, colorectal, and prostate). To adjust for important demographic and cancer-risk factors, 8-12 covariates were considered for each cancer. We produced regression models that captured known risks. Models demonstrated that elevation is strongly, negatively associated with lung cancer incidence (p < 10(-16)), but not with the incidence of non-respiratory cancers. For every 1,000 m rise in elevation, lung cancer incidence decreased by 7.23 99% CI [5.18-9.29] cases per 100,000 individuals, equivalent to 12.7% of the mean incidence, 56.8. As a predictor of lung cancer incidence, elevation was second only to smoking prevalence in terms of significance and effect size. Furthermore, no evidence of ecological fallacy or of confounding arising from evaluated factors was detected: the lung cancer association was robust to varying regression models, county stratification, and population subgrouping; additionally seven environmental correlates of elevation, such as exposure to sunlight and fine particulate matter, could not capture the association. Overall, our findings suggest the presence of an inhaled carcinogen inherently and inversely tied to elevation, offering epidemiological support for oxygen-driven tumorigenesis. Finally, highlighting the need to consider elevation in studies of lung cancer, we demonstrated that previously reported inverse lung cancer associations with radon and UVB became insignificant after accounting for elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamen P. Simeonov
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Zhang Z, Cai Z, Li K, Fang Y, An L, Hu Z, Wang S, Hang H. The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on mRNA Levels of the DNA Damage Response Genes Rad9, Rad1 and Hus1 in Various Mouse Tissues. Radiat Res 2015; 183:94-104. [DOI: 10.1667/rr13781.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011 China
| | - Zeyuan Cai
- Center for Peptide and Protein Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kaiming Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011 China
| | - Yu Fang
- Center for Peptide and Protein Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lili An
- Center for Peptide and Protein Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhishang Hu
- Center for Peptide and Protein Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haiying Hang
- Center for Peptide and Protein Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Walsh ME, Shi Y, Van Remmen H. The effects of dietary restriction on oxidative stress in rodents. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 66:88-99. [PMID: 23743291 PMCID: PMC4017324 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is observed during aging and in numerous age-related diseases. Dietary restriction (DR) is a regimen that protects against disease and extends life span in multiple species. However, it is unknown how DR mediates its protective effects. One prominent and consistent effect of DR in a number of systems is the ability to reduce oxidative stress and damage. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively examine the hypothesis that dietary restriction reduces oxidative stress in rodents by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, leading to an overall reduction of oxidative damage to macromolecules. The literature reveals that the effects of DR on oxidative stress are complex and likely influenced by a variety of factors, including sex, species, tissue examined, types of ROS and antioxidant enzymes examined, and duration of DR. Here we present a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the effect of DR on mitochondrial ROS generation, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative damage. In a majority of studies, dietary restriction had little effect on mitochondrial ROS production or antioxidant activity. On the other hand, DR decreased oxidative damage in the majority of cases. Although the effects of DR on endogenous antioxidants are mixed, we find that glutathione levels are the most likely antioxidant to be increased by dietary restriction, which supports the emerging redox-stress hypothesis of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Walsh
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Jung KH, Lee JH, Thien Quach CH, Paik JY, Oh H, Park JW, Lee EJ, Moon SH, Lee KH. Resveratrol Suppresses Cancer Cell Glucose Uptake by Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species–Mediated Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Activation. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:2161-7. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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23
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German P, Szaniszlo P, Hajas G, Radak Z, Bacsi A, Hazra TK, Hegde ML, Ba X, Boldogh I. Activation of cellular signaling by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1-initiated DNA base excision repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2013; 12:856-63. [PMID: 23890570 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) in the DNA results in genetic instability and mutagenesis, and is believed to contribute to carcinogenesis, aging processes and various aging-related diseases. 8-OxoG is removed from the DNA via DNA base excision repair (BER), initiated by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1). Our recent studies have shown that OGG1 binds its repair product 8-oxoG base with high affinity at a site independent from its DNA lesion-recognizing catalytic site and the OGG1•8-oxoG complex physically interacts with canonical Ras family members. Furthermore, exogenously added 8-oxoG base enters the cells and activates Ras GTPases; however, a link has not yet been established between cell signaling and DNA BER, which is the endogenous source of the 8-oxoG base. In this study, we utilized KG-1 cells expressing a temperature-sensitive mutant OGG1, siRNA ablation of gene expression, and a variety of molecular biological assays to define a link between OGG1-BER and cellular signaling. The results show that due to activation of OGG1-BER, 8-oxoG base is released from the genome in sufficient quantities for activation of Ras GTPase and resulting in phosphorylation of the downstream Ras targets Raf1, MEK1,2 and ERK1,2. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized mechanism for cellular responses to OGG1-initiated DNA BER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter German
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative DNA damage is repaired by multiple, overlapping DNA repair pathways. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that nucleotide excision repair (NER), besides base excision repair (BER), is also involved in neutralizing oxidative DNA damage. RECENT ADVANCES NER includes two distinct sub-pathways: transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER) and global genome repair (GG-NER). The CSA and CSB proteins initiate the onset of TC-NER. Recent findings show that not only CSB, but also CSA is involved in the repair of oxidative DNA lesions, in the nucleus as well as in mitochondria. The XPG protein is also of importance for the removal of oxidative DNA lesions, as it may enhance the initial step of BER. Substantial evidence exists that support a role for XPC in NER and BER. XPC deficiency not only results in decreased repair of oxidative lesions, but has also been linked to disturbed redox homeostasis. CRITICAL ISSUES The role of NER proteins in the regulation of the cellular response to oxidative (mitochondrial and nuclear) DNA damage may be the underlying mechanism of the pathology of accelerated aging in Cockayne syndrome patients, a driving force for internal cancer development in XP-A and XP-C patients, and a contributor to the mixed exhibited phenotypes of XP-G patients. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Accumulating evidence indicates that DNA repair factors can be involved in multiple DNA repair pathways. However, the distinct detailed mechanism and consequences of these additional functions remain to be elucidated and can possibly shine a light on clinically related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost P M Melis
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhuang J, Ma W, Lago CU, Hwang PM. Metabolic regulation of oxygen and redox homeostasis by p53: lessons from evolutionary biology? Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1279-85. [PMID: 22841759 PMCID: PMC3444283 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The genetic links between p53 and metabolic processes such as oxidative phosphorylation are being studied with increasing interest given that cellular metabolism seems to play an important role in tumorigenesis. This review focuses on how p53 regulation of various metabolic genes may influence redox homeostasis, as the genome is constantly susceptible to oxidative damage, a consequence of living in an aerobic environment. Because p53-like genetic sequences are also found in life forms that may not necessarily benefit from tumor suppression, an evolutionary introduction is given in an attempt to understand why p53 might regulate a basic cellular activity such as metabolism. The presented epidemiologic and experimental data suggest that one reason may be for the homeostatic regulation of oxygen, the essential substrate for reactive oxygen species generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhuang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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27
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Grillon C, Matejuk A, Nadim M, Lamerant-Fayel N, Kieda C. News on microenvironmental physioxia to revisit skin cell targeting approaches. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:723-8. [PMID: 22882247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a multifunctional organ and a first line of defense actively protecting from environmental stress caused by injury, microbial treat, UV irradiation and environmental toxins. Diverse cutaneous cell types together with extracellular matrix elements and factors create a dynamic scene for cellular communication crucial in vital processes such as wound healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. Direct functional success of skin equilibrium depends on its microenvironment settings and particularly the local oxygen tension. Indeed, skin entire milieu is characterized by and highly dependent on its low oxygen tension called physioxia as emphasized in this review. In the context of skin physioxia, we review and propose here new approaches to minimize age-related changes in skin state and function. We particularly emphasize carbohydrate-mediated interactions and new 3D models of engineered skin substitutes. We highlight newly emerged tools and targets including stem cells, miRNAs, matrix metalloproteinases, mitochondria and natural antioxidants that are promising in prevention of skin ageing and disease restraint. In the era of advanced dermatology, new attempts are bringing us closer to 'well being' perception.
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Suppressing effect of resveratrol on the migration and invasion of human metastatic lung and cervical cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8709-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is an inverse relationship between cancer incidence and cardiorespiratory fitness in large population studies. Mechanistic insights into these observations may strengthen the rationale for encouraging exercise fitness in the clinics for cancer prevention and may promote the development of new preventive strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Studying the multifaceted activities of p53, a critical tumor suppressor gene, has revealed various cellular pathways necessary for adapting to environmental stresses. Genetic connections are being made between p53 and an increasing number of metabolic activities such as oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation. In-vivo mouse models show that p53 plays an important role in determining both basal aerobic exercise capacity and its improvement by training. SUMMARY The genetic pathways by which p53 regulates metabolism and exercise may help explain significant epidemiologic observations connecting cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer. Further understanding of these molecular pathways through human translational studies may promote the development of new cancer preventive strategies.
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The role of XPC: implications in cancer and oxidative DNA damage. Mutat Res 2011; 728:107-17. [PMID: 21763452 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of DNA damage is a slow but hazardous phenomenon that may lead to cell death, accelerated aging features and cancer. One of the most versatile and important defense mechanisms against the accumulation of DNA damage is nucleotide excision repair (NER), in which the Xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) protein plays a prominent role. NER can be divided into global genome repair (GG-NER) and transcription coupled repair (TC-NER). XPC is a key factor in GG-NER where it functions in DNA damage recognition and after which the repair machinery is recruited to eliminate the DNA damage. Defective XPC functioning has been shown to result in a cancer prone phenotype, in human as well as in mice. Mutation accumulation in XPC deficient mice is accelerated and increased, resulting in an increased tumor incidence. More recently XPC has also been linked to functions outside of NER since XPC deficient mice show a divergent tumor spectrum compared to other NER deficient mouse models. Multiple in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that XPC appears to be involved in the initiation of several DNA damage-induced cellular responses. XPC seems to function in the removal of oxidative DNA damage, redox homeostasis and cell cycle control. We hypothesize that this combination of increased oxidative DNA damage sensitivity, disturbed redox homeostasis together with inefficient cell cycle control mechanisms are causes of the observed increased cancer susceptibility in oxygen exposed tissues. Such a phenotype is absent in other NER-deficient mice, including Xpa.
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