1
|
Kiyomoto K, Matsuo I, Suita K, Ohnuki Y, Ishikawa M, Ito A, Mototani Y, Tsunoda M, Morii A, Nariyama M, Hayakawa Y, Amitani Y, Gomi K, Okumura S. Oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril protects the heart from Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292624. [PMID: 37983238 PMCID: PMC10659197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are considered useful for the treatment of human heart failure, some experimental failing-heart models have shown little beneficial effect of ACE inhibitors in animals with poor oral health, particularly periodontitis. In this study, we examined the effects of the ACE inhibitor captopril (Cap; 0.1 mg/mL in drinking water) on cardiac dysfunction in mice treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) at a dose (0.8 mg/kg/day) equivalent to the circulating level in patients with periodontal disease. Mice were divided into four groups: 1) Control, 2) PG-LPS, 3) Cap, and 4) PG-LPS + Cap. After1 week, we evaluated cardiac function by echocardiography. The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly decreased in PG-LPS-treated mice compared to the control (from 66 ± 1.8 to 59 ± 2.5%), while Cap ameliorated the dysfunction (63 ± 1.1%). The area of cardiac fibrosis was significantly increased (approximately 2.9-fold) and the number of apoptotic myocytes was significantly increased (approximately 5.6-fold) in the heart of PG-LPS-treated group versus the control, and these changes were suppressed by Cap. The impairment of cardiac function in PG-LPS-treated mice was associated with protein kinase C δ phosphorylation (Tyr-311), leading to upregulation of NADPH oxidase 4 and xanthine oxidase, and calmodulin kinase II phosphorylation (Thr-286) with increased phospholamban phosphorylation (Thr-17). These changes were also suppressed by Cap. Our results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system might play an important role in the development of cardiac diseases induced by PG-LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kiyomoto
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Orthodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michinori Tsunoda
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akinaka Morii
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayakawa
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Amitani
- Department of Mathematics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Gomi
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu FJ, Li YJ, Zhang L, Ji DB, Liu XZ, Chen YJ, Wang L, Wu AW. Single-cell profiling reveals differences between human classical adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma. Commun Biol 2023; 6:85. [PMID: 36690709 PMCID: PMC9870908 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Most colorectal cancers are classical adenocarcinoma, and mucinous adenocarcinoma is a unique histological subtype that is known to respond poorly to chemoradiotherapy. The difference in prognosis between mucinous adenocarcinoma and classical adenocarcinoma is controversial. Here, to gain insight into the differences between classical adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma, we analyse 7 surgical tumour samples from 4 classical adenocarcinoma and 3 mucinous adenocarcinoma patients by single-cell RNA sequencing. Our results indicate that mucinous adenocarcinoma cancer cells have goblet cell-like properties, and express high levels of goblet cell markers (REG4, SPINK4, FCGBP and MUC2) compared to classical adenocarcinoma cancer cells. TFF3 is essential for the transcriptional regulation of these molecules, and may cooperate with RPS4X to eventually lead to the mucinous adenocarcinoma mucus phenotype. The observed molecular characteristics may be critical in the specific biological behavior of mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jie Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ying-Jie Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Deng-Bo Ji
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yong-Jiu Chen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Ai-Wen Wu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matsuo I, Kawamura N, Ohnuki Y, Suita K, Ishikawa M, Matsubara T, Mototani Y, Ito A, Hayakawa Y, Nariyama M, Morii A, Kiyomoto K, Tsunoda M, Gomi K, Okumura S. Role of TLR4 signaling on Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0258823. [PMID: 35648750 PMCID: PMC9159598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral infections, particularly periodontitis, are a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, although the molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG-LPS) on cardiac function in mice, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Mice (C57BL/6) were injected with PG-LPS (0.8 mg/kg/day) with or without an inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling (TAK-242, 0.8 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Left ventricular ejection function was significantly decreased at 1 week (from 67 ± 0.5 to 58 ± 1.2%) and remained low at 4 weeks (57 ± 1.0%). The number of apoptotic myocytes was increased (approximately 7.4-fold), the area of fibrosis was increased (approximately 3.3-fold) and the number of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine-positive myocytes, a sensitive indicator of oxidative DNA damage, was increased (approximately 7.6-fold) at 4 weeks in the heart of PG-LPS treated mice. However, levels of various serum pro-inflammatory cytokines in PG-LPS-treated mice were similar to those in control mice. The impairment of cardiac function in PG-LPS-treated mice appears to involve activation of TLR4-NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4 signaling, leading to abundant production of reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ leakage from sarcoplastic reticulumn induced by calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated phosphorylation of phospholamban (at Thr-17) and ryanodine receptor 2 (at Ser-2448). Pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 with TAK-242 attenuated the changes in cardiac function in PG-LPS-treated mice. Our results indicate that TLR4-NOX4 signaling may be a new therapeutic target for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in patients with periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Matsuo
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoya Kawamura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Matsubara
- Division of BioBank, Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayakawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akinaka Morii
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kiyomoto
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michinori Tsunoda
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Gomi
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hayakawa Y, Suita K, Ohnuki Y, Mototani Y, Ishikawa M, Ito A, Nariyama M, Morii A, Kiyomoto K, Tsunoda M, Matsuo I, Kawahara H, Okumura S. Vidarabine, an anti-herpes agent, prevents occlusal-disharmony-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:2. [PMID: 35148678 PMCID: PMC10717220 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a positive relationship between occlusal disharmony and cardiovascular disease via activation of β-adrenergic signaling in mice. Furthermore, inhibition of type 5 adenylyl cyclase (AC5), a major cardiac subtype in adults, protects the heart against oxidative stress. Here, we examined the role of AC5 in the development of occlusal-disharmony-induced cardiovascular disease in bite-opening (BO) mice, prepared by cementing a suitable appliance onto the mandibular incisor. We first examined the effects of BO treatment on cardiac function in mice treated or not treated for 2 weeks with vidarabine, which we previously identified as an inhibitor of cardiac AC. Cardiac function was significantly decreased in the BO group compared to the control group, but vidarabine ameliorated the dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis, myocyte apoptosis and myocyte oxidative DNA damage were significantly increased in the BO group, but vidarabine blocked these changes. The BO-induced cardiac dysfunction was associated with increased phospholamban phosphorylation at threonine-17 and serine-16, as well as increased activation of the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II/receptor-interacting protein 3 signaling pathway. These data suggest that AC5 inhibition with vidarabine might be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular disease associated with occlusal disharmony.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hayakawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 236-8501, Japan
| | - Akinaka Morii
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kiyomoto
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Michinori Tsunoda
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawahara
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Y, Lin Z, Lin Q, Bei W, Guo J. Pathological and therapeutic roles of bioactive peptide trefoil factor 3 in diverse diseases: recent progress and perspective. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:62. [PMID: 35039476 PMCID: PMC8763889 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is the last small-molecule peptide found in the trefoil factor family, which is mainly secreted by intestinal goblet cells and exerts mucosal repair effect in the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging evidence indicated that the TFF3 expression profile and biological effects changed significantly in pathological states such as cancer, colitis, gastric ulcer, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and nervous system disease. More importantly, mucosal protection would no longer be the only effect of TFF3, it gradually exhibits carcinogenic activity and potential regulatory effect of nervous and endocrine systems, but the inner mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding the molecular function of TFF3 in specific diseases might provide a new insight for the clinical development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the pathological effects of TFF3 in different disease and discusses the binding proteins, signaling pathways, and clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanyou Lin
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Braga Emidio N, Meli R, Tran HNT, Baik H, Morisset-Lopez S, Elliott AG, Blaskovich MAT, Spiller S, Beck-Sickinger AG, Schroeder CI, Muttenthaler M. Chemical Synthesis of TFF3 Reveals Novel Mechanistic Insights and a Gut-Stable Metabolite. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9484-9495. [PMID: 34142550 PMCID: PMC8273887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
TFF3 regulates essential
gastro- and neuroprotective functions,
but its molecular mode of action remains poorly understood. Synthetic
intractability and lack of reliable bioassays and validated receptors
are bottlenecks for mechanistic and structure–activity relationship
studies. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of TFF3 and its homodimer via native chemical ligation followed by oxidative folding.
Correct folding was confirmed by NMR and circular dichroism, and TFF3
and its homodimer were not cytotoxic or hemolytic. TFF3, its homodimer,
and the trefoil domain (TFF310-50) were susceptible
to gastrointestinal degradation, revealing a gut-stable metabolite
(TFF37-54; t1/2 >
24
h) that retained its trefoil structure and antiapoptotic bioactivity.
We tried to validate the putative TFF3 receptors CXCR4 and LINGO2,
but neither TFF3 nor its homodimer displayed any activity up to 10
μM. The discovery of a gut-stable bioactive metabolite and reliable
synthetic accessibility to TFF3 and its analogues are cornerstones
for future molecular probe development and structure–activity
relationship studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Braga Emidio
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rajeshwari Meli
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Hue N T Tran
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hayeon Baik
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Séverine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 4301, Université d'Orléans, Orleans 45071, France
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sabrina Spiller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | - Christina I Schroeder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fang J, Wang H, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zhou H, Zhang X. Slimy partners: the mucus barrier and gut microbiome in ulcerative colitis. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:772-787. [PMID: 34002011 PMCID: PMC8178360 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by high incidence and young onset age. Recently, there have been some interesting findings in the pathogenesis of UC. The mucus barrier, which is composed of a mucin complex rich in O-glycosylation, not only provides nutrients and habitat for intestinal microbes but also orchestrates the taming of germs. In turn, the gut microbiota modulates the production and secretion of mucins and stratification of the mucus layers. Active bidirectional communication between the microbiota and its 'slimy' partner, the mucus barrier, seems to be a continually performed concerto, maintaining homeostasis of the gut ecological microenvironment. Any abnormalities may induce a disorder in the gut community, thereby causing inflammatory damage. Our review mainly focuses on the complicated communication between the mucus barrier and gut microbiome to explore a promising new avenue for UC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.412551.60000 0000 9055 7865College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, 508 Huancheng Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.415644.60000 0004 1798 6662Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing people’s Hospital, 568 North Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiting Zhou
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gut health: The results of microbial and mucosal immune interactions in pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:282-294. [PMID: 34258416 PMCID: PMC8245825 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are a large number of microorganisms in the porcine intestinal tract. These microorganisms and their metabolites contribute to intestinal mucosal immunity, which is of great importance to the health of the host. The host immune system can regulate the distribution and composition of intestinal microorganisms and regulate the homeostasis of intestinal flora by secreting a variety of immune effector factors, such as mucin, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), regenerating islet-derived III (RegIII)γ, and defensin. Conversely, intestinal microorganisms can also promote the differentiation of immune cells including regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 cells through their specific components or metabolites. Studies have shown that imbalances in the intestinal flora can lead to bacterial translocation and compromised intestinal barrier function, affecting the health of the body. This review focuses on the composition of the pig intestinal flora and the characteristics of intestinal mucosal immunity, discusses the interaction mechanism between the flora and intestinal mucosal immunity, as well as the regulation through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), dietary nutritional composition, probiotics and prebiotics of pig intestinal microecology. Finally, this review provides insights into the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and the mucosal immune system.
Collapse
|
9
|
McCullough RW. Barrier therapies supporting the biology of the mucosal barrier-medical devices for common clinical mucosal disorders. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:15. [PMID: 33409409 PMCID: PMC7724181 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2020.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently mucosal barrier therapies have been either CE marked or licensed by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as medical devices. A barrier therapy (BT) uses a physical non-drug mode of action as its sole mechanism to manage a clinical syndrome. A BT is verified as technically or biologically safe having efficacy that has been proven by valid clinical trials. However, it remains unclear what anatomical portions of the mucosa are physically engaged by any given BT. Therefore, this article clarifies the physical basis for clinical efficacy of any given mucosal BT's. Current regulatory classification of medical devices is defined. More importantly, the biology of mucosal barrier is detailed by structure, compartmental elements and function. A live-function or cross-sectional anatomical perspective of the mucosa is provided. A cross-sectional anatomical perspective of the mucosa is provided in order to highlight the physical point of contact for any given mucosal BT's. Five traits of an effective mucosal BT are proposed to assess traits of fitness for any given BT. A BT is either classical, possessing four to five traits, or non-classical, possessing three or fewer traits. Among 16 commercially available mucosal BT's which share nine distinct formulations, most are non-classical BT while two (alginate and polymeric sucralfate) are classical mucosal BT's.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricky W McCullough
- Translational Medicine Clinic and Research Center at Storrs, Storrs, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang L, Tai Y, Tang S, Zhao C, Tong H, Gao J, Tang C. Compromised Ileal Mucus Barrier Due to Impaired Epithelial Homeostasis Caused by Notch1 Signaling in Cirrhotic Rats. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:131-142. [PMID: 32144600 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In liver cirrhosis, intestinal mucus barrier is rarely studied. AIMS This study aimed to investigate whether mucus barrier in ileum is altered in cirrhotic rats and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Thioacetamide was injected to induce liver cirrhosis in rats. Serum from portal vein blood, and ileum and liver tissues were obtained for further analysis. Goblet cell-like Ls174T cells were cultured for in vitro experiments. RESULTS The ileal mucus was thin, loose, and porous with small bubbles in cirrhotic rats. mRNA expressions of Muc2 and TFF3 were also down-regulated in cirrhotic rats. Bacteria located near to crypts and LPS were increased in the serum from portal vein in cirrhotic rats. Smaller theca area and few goblet cells were found in cirrhotic rats compared with control. Increased proliferation of ileal epithelia was observed in cirrhotic rats. Notch1, Dll1, and Hes1 expressions were enhanced, and KLF4 expression was suppressed in ileum of cirrhotic rats. In Ls174T cells, EDTA and NICD plasmid induced NICD and Hes1 expression and suppressed KLF4 concomitantly, and mucus expression almost vanished in these cells. NICD plasmid induced more proliferation in Ls174T cells. Oppositely, after DBZ treatment, NICD and Hes1 were inhibited along with augmentation of KLF4 and increased mucous expression in Ls174T cells, while proliferation of the cells was suppressed. CONCLUSIONS In cirrhotic rats, mucus barrier was impaired. This might be attributed to increased proliferation and decreased differentiation of epithelia, which might be mediated by Notch1-Hes1-KLF4 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37#, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Tai
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37#, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihang Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37#, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37#, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37#, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37#, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yagisawa Y, Suita K, Ohnuki Y, Ishikawa M, Mototani Y, Ito A, Matsuo I, Hayakawa Y, Nariyama M, Umeki D, Saeki Y, Amitani Y, Nakamura Y, Tomonari H, Okumura S. Effects of occlusal disharmony on cardiac fibrosis, myocyte apoptosis and myocyte oxidative DNA damage in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236547. [PMID: 32716920 PMCID: PMC7384634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Occlusal disharmony leads to morphological changes in the hippocampus and osteopenia of the lumbar vertebra and long bones in mice, and causes stress. Various types of stress are associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between occlusal disharmony and cardiovascular disease remain poorly understood. Therefore, in this work, we examined the effects of occlusal disharmony on cardiac homeostasis in bite-opening (BO) mice, in which a 0.7 mm space was introduced by cementing a suitable applicance onto the mandibular incisior. We first examined the effects of BO on the level of serum corticosterone, a key biomarker for stress, and on heart rate variability at 14 days after BO treatment, compared with baseline. BO treatment increased serum corticosterone levels by approximately 3.6-fold and the low frequency/high frequency ratio, an index of sympathetic nervous activity, was significantly increased by approximately 4-fold by the BO treatment. We then examined the effects of BO treatment on cardiac homeostasis in mice treated or not treated with the non-selective β-blocker propranolol for 2 weeks. Cardiac function was significantly decreased in the BO group compared to the control group, but propranolol ameliorated the dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis, myocyte apoptosis and myocyte oxidative DNA damage were significantly increased in the BO group, but propranolol blocked these changes. The BO-induced cardiac dysfunction was associated with increased phospholamban phosphorylation at threonine-17 and serine-16, as well as inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling and autophagic flux. These data suggest that occlusal disharmony might affect cardiac homeostasis via alteration of the autonomic nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yagisawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayakawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasutake Saeki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Amitani
- Department of Mathematics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomonari
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Braga Emidio N, Brierley SM, Schroeder CI, Muttenthaler M. Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential of the Trefoil Factor Family in the Gastrointestinal Tract. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:583-597. [PMID: 32832864 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) are key players in protecting, maintaining, and repairing the gastrointestinal tract. Accordingly, they have the therapeutic potential to treat and prevent a variety of gastrointestinal disorders associated with mucosal damage. TFF peptides share a conserved motif, including three disulfide bonds that stabilize a well-defined three-loop-structure reminiscent of a trefoil. Although multiple functions have been described for TFF peptides, their mechanisms at the molecular level remain poorly understood. This review presents the status quo of TFF research relating to gastrointestinal disorders. Putative TFF receptors and protein partners are described and critically evaluated. The therapeutic potential of these peptides in gastrointestinal disorders where altered mucosal biology plays a crucial role in the underlying etiology is discussed. Finally, areas of investigation that require further research are addressed. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive update on TFF literature as well as guidance toward future research to better understand this peptide family and its therapeutic potential for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Braga Emidio
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medicial Research Insittitue (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Christina I Schroeder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Mucus selectively controls the transport of molecules, particulate matter, and microorganisms to the underlying epithelial layer. It may be desirable to weaken the mucus barrier to enable effective delivery of drug carriers. Alternatively, the mucus barrier can be strengthened to prevent epithelial interaction with pathogenic microbes or other exogenous materials. The dynamic mucus layer can undergo changes in structure (e.g., pore size) and/or composition (e.g., protein concentrations, mucin glycosylation) in response to stimuli that occur naturally or are purposely administered, thus altering its barrier function. This review outlines mechanisms by which mucus provides a selective barrier and methods to engineer the mucus layer from the perspective of strengthening or weakening its barrier properties. In addition, we discuss strategic design of drug carriers and dosing formulation properties for efficient delivery across the mucus barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T L Carlson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - J Y Lock
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - R L Carrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kawamura N, Ohnuki Y, Matsuo I, Suita K, Ishikawa M, Mototani Y, Shiozawa K, Ito A, Yagisawa Y, Hayakawa Y, Nariyama M, Umeki D, Ujiie Y, Gomi K, Okumura S. Effects of chronic Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide infusion on skeletal muscles in mice. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:503-511. [PMID: 30848475 PMCID: PMC10717087 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis, which is caused by various oral organisms, predominantly affects adults, and is one of the main causes of tooth loss, as well as leading to progression of numerous systemic diseases. However, its relationship to sarcopenia (aging-associated degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and function) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) on skeletal muscle in mice, and to establish the underlying mechanisms. Mice (C57BL/6) were injected with PG-LPS (0.8 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. This treatment significantly decreased the weight of fast-twitch skeletal muscles (masseter and tibialis anterior muscles), but not that of slow-twitch skeletal muscle (soleus muscle). The area of fibrosis was significantly increased in masseter muscle, but remained unchanged in the other two muscles. The number of apoptotic myocytes was significantly increased (approximately eightfold) in masseter muscle. These data suggest that persistent subclinical exposure to PG-LPS might reduce the size of fast-twitch skeletal muscle, but not slow-twitch skeletal muscle. Masseter muscle appears to be especially susceptible to the adverse effects of PG-LPS, because muscle remodeling (muscle fibrosis and myocyte apoptosis) was induced solely in masseter muscle. Thus, periodontitis might be one of the major causes of oral sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kawamura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kouichi Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Yagisawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayakawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 236-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Ujiie
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Gomi
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ito A, Ohnuki Y, Suita K, Ishikawa M, Mototani Y, Shiozawa K, Kawamura N, Yagisawa Y, Nariyama M, Umeki D, Nakamura Y, Okumura S. Role of β-adrenergic signaling in masseter muscle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215539. [PMID: 30986276 PMCID: PMC6464212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, the major isoform of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) is β2-AR and the minor isoform is β1-AR, which is opposite to the situation in cardiac muscle. Despite extensive studies in cardiac muscle, the physiological roles of the β-AR subtypes in skeletal muscle are not fully understood. Therefore, in this work, we compared the effects of chronic β1- or β2-AR activation with a specific β1-AR agonist, dobutamine (DOB), or a specific β2-AR agonist, clenbuterol (CB), on masseter and cardiac muscles in mice. In cardiac muscle, chronic β1-AR stimulation induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and myocyte apoptosis, whereas chronic β2-AR stimulation induced cardiac hypertrophy without histological abnormalities. In masseter muscle, however, chronic β1-AR stimulation did not induce muscle hypertrophy, but did induce fibrosis and apoptosis concomitantly with increased levels of p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) (Thr-202/Tyr-204), calmodulin kinase II (Thr-286) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (Ser-2481) phosphorylation. On the other hand, chronic β2-AR stimulation in masseter muscle induced muscle hypertrophy without histological abnormalities, as in the case of cardiac muscle, concomitantly with phosphorylation of Akt (Ser-473) and mTOR (Ser-2448) and increased expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II, an autophagosome marker. These results suggest that the β1-AR pathway is deleterious and the β2-AR is protective in masseter muscle. These data should be helpful in developing pharmacological approaches for the treatment of skeletal muscle wasting and weakness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Ito
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoya Kawamura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Yagisawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jin H, Fujita T, Jin M, Kurotani R, Namekata I, Hamaguchi S, Hidaka Y, Cai W, Suita K, Ohnuki Y, Mototani Y, Shiozawa K, Prajapati R, Liang C, Umemura M, Yokoyama U, Sato M, Tanaka H, Okumura S, Ishikawa Y. Cardiac overexpression of Epac1 in transgenic mice rescues lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction and inhibits Jak-STAT pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
17
|
Ohnuki Y, Umeki D, Mototani Y, Shiozawa K, Nariyama M, Ito A, Kawamura N, Yagisawa Y, Jin H, Cai W, Suita K, Saeki Y, Fujita T, Ishikawa Y, Okumura S. Role of phosphodiesterase 4 expression in the Epac1 signaling-dependent skeletal muscle hypertrophic action of clenbuterol. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/10/e12791. [PMID: 27207782 PMCID: PMC4886163 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clenbuterol (CB), a selective β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist, induces muscle hypertrophy and counteracts muscle atrophy. However, it is paradoxically less effective in slow-twitch muscle than in fast-twitch muscle, though slow-twitch muscle has a greater density of β-AR We recently demonstrated that Epac1 (exchange protein activated by cyclic AMP [cAMP]1) plays a pivotal role in β2-AR-mediated masseter muscle hypertrophy through activation of the Akt and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)/histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) signaling pathways. Here, we investigated the role of Epac1 in the differential hypertrophic effect of CB using tibialis anterior muscle (TA; typical fast-twitch muscle) and soleus muscle (SOL; typical slow-twitch muscle) of wild-type (WT) and Epac1-null mice (Epac1KO). The TA mass to tibial length (TL) ratio was similar in WT and Epac1KO at baseline and was significantly increased after CB infusion in WT, but not in Epac1KO The SOL mass to TL ratio was also similar in WT and Epac1KO at baseline, but CB-induced hypertrophy was suppressed in both mice. In order to understand the mechanism involved, we measured the protein expression levels of β-AR signaling-related molecules, and found that phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) expression was 12-fold greater in SOL than in TA These results are consistent with the idea that increased PDE4-mediated cAMP hydrolysis occurs in SOL compared to TA, resulting in a reduced cAMP concentration that is insufficient to activate Epac1 and its downstream Akt and CaMKII/HDAC4 hypertrophic signaling pathways in SOL of WT This scenario can account for the differential effects of CB on fast- and slow-twitch muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoya Kawamura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Yagisawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Huiling Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wenqian Cai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasutake Saeki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lau WH, Pandey V, Kong X, Wang XN, Wu Z, Zhu T, Lobie PE. Trefoil Factor-3 (TFF3) Stimulates De Novo Angiogenesis in Mammary Carcinoma both Directly and Indirectly via IL-8/CXCR2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141947. [PMID: 26559818 PMCID: PMC4641663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary carcinoma cells produce pro-angiogenic factors to stimulate angiogenesis and tumor growth. Trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) is an oncogene secreted from mammary carcinoma cells and associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we demonstrate that TFF3 produced in mammary carcinoma cells functions as a promoter of tumor angiogenesis. Forced expression of TFF3 in mammary carcinoma cells promoted proliferation, survival, invasion and in vitro tubule formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). MCF7-TFF3 cells with forced expression of TFF3 generated tumors with enhanced microvessel density as compared to tumors formed by vector control cells. Depletion of TFF3 in mammary carcinoma cells by siRNA concordantly decreased the angiogenic behavior of HUVEC. Forced expression of TFF3 in mammary carcinoma cells stimulated IL-8 transcription and subsequently enhanced IL-8 expression in both mammary carcinoma cells and HUVEC. Depletion of IL-8 in mammary carcinoma cells with forced expression of TFF3, or antibody inhibition of IL-8, partially abrogated mammary carcinoma cell TFF3-stimulated HUVEC angiogenic behavior in vitro, as did inhibition of the IL-8 receptor, CXCR2. Depletion of STAT3 by siRNA in MCF-7 cells with forced expression of TFF3 partially diminished the angiogenic capability of TFF3 on stimulation of cellular processes of HUVEC. Exogenous recombinant hTFF3 also directly promoted the angiogenic behavior of HUVEC. Hence, TFF3 is a potent angiogenic factor and functions as a promoter of de novo angiogenesis in mammary carcinoma, which may co-coordinate with the growth promoting and metastatic actions of TFF3 in mammary carcinoma to enhance tumor progression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Female
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Trefoil Factor-3
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Hoe Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiao-Nan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - ZhengSheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- * E-mail: (PEL); (TZ)
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (PEL); (TZ)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kesimer M, Cullen J, Cao R, Radicioni G, Mathews KG, Seiler G, Gookin JL. Excess Secretion of Gel-Forming Mucins and Associated Innate Defense Proteins with Defective Mucin Un-Packaging Underpin Gallbladder Mucocele Formation in Dogs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138988. [PMID: 26414376 PMCID: PMC4586375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal protection of the gallbladder is vital yet we know very little about the mechanisms involved. In domestic dogs, an emergent syndrome referred to as gallbladder mucocele formation is characterized by excessive secretion of abnormal mucus that results in obstruction and rupture of the gallbladder. The cause of gallbladder mucocele formation is unknown. In these first mechanistic studies of this disease, we investigated normal and mucocele-forming dog gallbladders to determine the source, identity, biophysical properties, and protein associates of the culprit mucins with aim to identify causes for abnormal mucus behavior. We established that mucocele formation involves an adoptive excess secretion of gel forming mucins with abnormal properties by the gallbladder epithelium. The mucus is characterized by a disproportionally significant increase in Muc5ac relative to Muc5b, defective mucin un-packaging, and mucin-interacting innate defense proteins that are capable of dramatically altering the physical and functional properties of mucus. These findings provide an explanation for abnormal mucus behavior and based on similarity to mucus observed in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis, suggest that abnormal mechanisms for maintenance of gallbladder epithelial hydration may be an instigating factor for mucocele formation in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kesimer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John Cullen
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Giorgia Radicioni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kyle G. Mathews
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Seiler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jody L. Gookin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fu T, Znalesniak EB, Kalinski T, Möhle L, Biswas A, Salm F, Dunay IR, Hoffmann W. TFF Peptides Play a Role in the Immune Response Following Oral Infection of Mice with Toxoplasma Gondii. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2015; 5:221-31. [PMID: 26495133 PMCID: PMC4598890 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2015.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptide trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) is a major constituent of the intestinal mucus, playing an important role in the repair of epithelial surfaces. To further understand the role of TFF3 in the protection of intestinal epithelium, we tested the influence of TFF3 in a murine Toxoplasma gondii-induced ileitis model. Surprisingly, TFF3KO mice showed a reduced immune response in the ileum when compared to wild-type animals. Interleukin-12 and interferon-γ expression levels as well as the number of CD4+ lymphocytes were reduced in the infected TFF3KO mice. These effects were in line with the trend of elevated parasite levels in the ileum. Moreover, TFF1 expression was upregulated in the spleen of infected mice. These initial results indicate that TFF3 is involved in the immune pathology of T. gondii infection-induced intestinal inflammation. Thus far, the mechanisms of how TFF3 influences the immune response are not fully understood. Further studies should identify if TFF3 affects mucus sensing of dendritic cells and how TFF3 is involved in regulating the immune response as an intrinsic secretory peptide of immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Eva B Znalesniak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Luisa Möhle
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Aindrila Biswas
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Franz Salm
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ye J, Song L, Liu Y, Pan Q, Zhong X, Li S, Shang Y, Tian Y, He Y, Chen L, Chen W, Peng Z, Wang R. Core 2 Mucin-Type O-Glycan Is Related to EPEC and EHEC O157:H7 Adherence to Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 Epithelial Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:1977-90. [PMID: 25701318 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The roles of host glycosylation in interactions with EPEC and EHEC O157:H7 are largely unclear; this study examined whether O-glycans are involved in EPEC and EHEC O157:H7 adherence to HT-29 cells. METHODS Bacterial adherence to the cultured cells was determined using the direct co-staining of adherent bacteria and host cells, the adherent bacteria plating, and/or the direct fluorescent observation of the adherent GFP-labeled bacteria. RESULTS A comparison of the adherence of EPEC and EHEC O157:H7 to HT-29-Gal and HT-29 cells indicated that the differentiation of HT-29 cells led to a reduction in the adherence of EPEC and EHEC O157:H7. EPEC and EHEC O157:H7 adhesion decreased after the abrogation of O-glycan biosynthesis mediated by benzyl-α-GalNAc treatment. Core 2 O-glycan-deficient HT-29 cells induced by C2GnT2 knockdown had a significant reduction in EPEC and EHEC O157:H7 adhesion in C2GnT2-sh2/HT-29 cells compared with HT-29 and shRNA-Ctr/HT-29 cells. MUC2 expression in benzyl-α-GalNAc-treated HT-29 cells was significantly reduced but unchanged in C2GnT2-deficient HT-29 cells. EPEC or EHEC O157:H7 infection in C2GnT2-deficient HT-29 cells deteriorated the epithelial barrier function. The occludin expression in the shRNA-Ctr/HT-29 and C2GnT2-sh2/HT-29 cells after infection with EPEC or EHEC O157:H7 was pyknic and discontinuous at the cell surface compared with its continuous distribution of control cells. These data indicate that EPEC and EHEC O157:H7 adherence to HT-29 cells is related to mucin-type core 2 O-glycan. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the concepts toward the design of carbohydrate-dependent inhibition of EPEC and EHEC O157:H7 adhesion to human intestinal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Protective Effects of Clenbuterol against Dexamethasone-Induced Masseter Muscle Atrophy and Myosin Heavy Chain Transition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128263. [PMID: 26053620 PMCID: PMC4460071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoid has a direct catabolic effect on skeletal muscle, leading to muscle atrophy, but no effective pharmacotherapy is available. We reported that clenbuterol (CB) induced masseter muscle hypertrophy and slow-to-fast myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform transition through direct muscle β2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Thus, we hypothesized that CB would antagonize glucocorticoid (dexamethasone; DEX)-induced muscle atrophy and fast-to-slow MHC isoform transition. Methodology We examined the effect of CB on DEX-induced masseter muscle atrophy by measuring masseter muscle weight, fiber diameter, cross-sectional area, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, we used immunoblotting to study the effects of CB on muscle hypertrophic signaling (insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) expression, Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and calcineurin pathway) and atrophic signaling (Akt/Forkhead box-O (FOXO) pathway and myostatin expression) in masseter muscle of rats treated with DEX and/or CB. Results and Conclusion Masseter muscle weight in the DEX-treated group was significantly lower than that in the Control group, as expected, but co-treatment with CB suppressed the DEX-induced masseter muscle atrophy, concomitantly with inhibition of fast-to-slow MHC isoforms transition. Activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in masseter muscle of the DEX-treated group was significantly inhibited compared to that of the Control group, and CB suppressed this inhibition. DEX also suppressed expression of IGF1 (positive regulator of muscle growth), and CB attenuated this inhibition. Myostatin protein expression was unchanged. CB had no effect on activation of the Akt/FOXO pathway. These results indicate that CB antagonizes DEX-induced muscle atrophy and fast-to-slow MHC isoform transition via modulation of Akt/mTOR activity and IGF1 expression. CB might be a useful pharmacological agent for treatment of glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ohnuki Y, Umeki D, Mototani Y, Jin H, Cai W, Shiozawa K, Suita K, Saeki Y, Fujita T, Ishikawa Y, Okumura S. Role of cyclic AMP sensor Epac1 in masseter muscle hypertrophy and myosin heavy chain transition induced by β2-adrenoceptor stimulation. J Physiol 2014; 592:5461-75. [PMID: 25344550 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The predominant isoform of β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) in skeletal muscle is β2-AR and that in the cardiac muscle is β1-AR. We have reported that Epac1 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1), a new protein kinase A-independent cAMP sensor, does not affect cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload or chronic isoproterenol (isoprenaline) infusion. However, the role of Epac1 in skeletal muscle hypertrophy remains poorly understood. We thus examined the effect of disruption of Epac1, the major Epac isoform in skeletal muscle, on masseter muscle hypertrophy induced by chronic β2-AR stimulation with clenbuterol (CB) in Epac1-null mice (Epac1KO). The masseter muscle weight/tibial length ratio was similar in wild-type (WT) and Epac1KO at baseline and was significantly increased in WT after CB infusion, but this increase was suppressed in Epac1KO. CB treatment significantly increased the proportion of myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIb at the expense of that of MHC IId/x in both WT and Epac1KO, indicating that Epac1 did not mediate the CB-induced MHC isoform transition towards the faster isoform. The mechanism of suppression of CB-mediated hypertrophy in Epac1KO is considered to involve decreased activation of Akt signalling. In addition, CB-induced histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) phosphorylation on serine 246 mediated by calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), which plays a role in skeletal muscle hypertrophy, was suppressed in Epac1KO. Our findings suggest that Epac1 plays a role in β2-AR-mediated masseter muscle hypertrophy, probably through activation of both Akt signalling and CaMKII/HDAC4 signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Huiling Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Wenqian Cai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kouichi Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasutake Saeki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gordillo GM, Biswas A, Khanna S, Pan X, Sinha M, Roy S, Sen CK. Dicer knockdown inhibits endothelial cell tumor growth via microRNA 21a-3p targeting of Nox-4. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9027-38. [PMID: 24497637 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.519264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miR) are emerging as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in tumor management. Endothelial cell tumors are the most common soft tissue tumors in infants, yet little is known about the significance of miR in regulating their growth. A validated mouse endothelial cell (EOMA) tumor model was used to demonstrate that post-transcriptional gene silencing of dicer, the enzyme that converts pre-miR to mature miR, can prevent tumor formation in vivo. Tumors were formed in eight of eight mice injected with EOMA cells transfected with control shRNA but formed in only four of ten mice injected with EOMA cells transfected with dicer shRNA. Tumors that formed in the dicer shRNA group were significantly smaller than tumors in the control group. This response to dicer knockdown was mediated by up-regulated miR 21a-3p activity targeting the nox-4 3'-UTR. EOMA cells were transfected with miR 21a-3p mimic and luciferase reporter plasmids containing either intact nox-4 3'-UTR or with mutation of the proposed 3'-UTR miR21a-3p binding sites. Mean luciferase activity was decreased by 85% in the intact compared with the site mutated vectors (p < 0.01). Attenuated Nox-4 activity resulted in decreased cellular hydrogen peroxide production and decreased production of oxidant-inducible monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, which we have previously shown to be critically required for endothelial cell tumor formation. These findings provide the first evidence establishing the significance of dicer and microRNA in promoting endothelial cell tumor growth in vivo.
Collapse
|
25
|
Birchenough GMH, Johansson MEV, Stabler RA, Dalgakiran F, Hansson GC, Wren BW, Luzio JP, Taylor PW. Altered innate defenses in the neonatal gastrointestinal tract in response to colonization by neuropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2013; 81:3264-75. [PMID: 23798529 PMCID: PMC3754193 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00268-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-day-old (P2), but not 9-day-old (P9), rat pups are susceptible to systemic infection following gastrointestinal colonization by Escherichia coli K1. Age dependency reflects the capacity of colonizing K1 to translocate from gastrointestinal (GI) tract to blood. A complex GI microbiota developed by P2, showed little variation over P2 to P9, and did not prevent stable K1 colonization. Substantial developmental expression was observed over P2 to P9, including upregulation of genes encoding components of the small intestinal (α-defensins Defa24 and Defa-rs1) and colonic (trefoil factor Tff2) mucus barrier. K1 colonization modulated expression of these peptides: developmental expression of Tff2 was dysregulated in P2 tissues and was accompanied by a decrease in mucin Muc2. Conversely, α-defensin genes were upregulated in P9 tissues. We propose that incomplete development of the mucus barrier during early neonatal life and the capacity of colonizing K1 to interfere with mucus barrier maturation provide opportunities for neuropathogen translocation into the bloodstream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fatma Dalgakiran
- University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Brendan W. Wren
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Paul Luzio
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Taylor
- University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Samson MH. Quantitative measurements of trefoil factor family peptides: possibilities and pitfalls. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 73:193-202. [PMID: 23391285 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.765962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 are produced and secreted by mucous membranes throughout the body. Their importance for the protection and repair of epithelial surfaces is well established, and the three peptides are present in various amounts in mucosal secretions as well as in the circulation. They have been linked to both inflammatory diseases and to various types of cancer, and serum concentrations of TFF3 show a more than 47-fold increase during pregnancy. Several both commercial and in-house immunoassays exist, but a number of methodological issues remain unresolved. This review describes methodological challenges in the measurement of the peptides in humans, and summarizes current knowledge concerning the occurrence and possible significance of the peptides in human health and disease.
Collapse
|