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Jin C, Wang S, Sui X, Meng Q, Wu G. Low expression of ELOVL6 may be involved in fat loss in white adipose tissue of cancer-associated cachexia. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:144. [PMID: 38760797 PMCID: PMC11100253 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) arises from malignant tumors and leads to a debilitating wasting syndrome. In the pathophysiology of CAC, the depletion of fat plays an important role. The mechanisms of CAC-induced fat loss include the enhancement of lipolysis, inhibition of lipogenesis, and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, few lipid-metabolic enzymes have been reported to be involved in CAC. This study hypothesized that ELOVL6, a critical enzyme for the elongation of fatty acids, may be involved in fat loss in CAC. METHODS Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to identify CAC-related genes in the WAT of a CAC rodent model. Then, the expression level of ELOVL6 and the fatty acid composition were analyzed in a large clinical sample. Elovl6 was knocked down by siRNA in 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes to compare with wild-type 3T3-L1 cells treated with tumor cell conditioned medium. RESULTS In the WAT of patients with CAC, a significant decrease in the expression of ELOVL6 was found, which was linearly correlated with the extent of body mass reduction. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed an increase in palmitic acid (C16:0) and a decrease in linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) in these tissue samples. After treatment with tumor cell-conditioned medium, 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes showed a decrease in Elovl6 expression, and Elovl6-knockdown cells exhibited a reduction in preadipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. Similarly, the knockdown of Elovl6 in 3T3-L1 cells resulted in a significant increase in palmitic acid (C16:0) and a marked decrease in oleic acid (C18:1n-9) content. CONCLUSION Overall, the expression of ELOVL6 was decreased in the WAT of CAC patients. Decreased expression of ELOVL6 might induce fat loss in CAC patients by potentially altering the fatty acid composition of adipocytes. These findings suggest that ELOVL6 may be used as a valuable biomarker for the early diagnosis of CAC and may hold promise as a target for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangjie Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Sui
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guohao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Shanghai, China.
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Zeng T, Lv J, Liang J, Xie B, Liu L, Tan Y, Zhu J, Jiang J, Xie H. Zebrafish cobll1a regulates lipid homeostasis via the RA signaling pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1381362. [PMID: 38699158 PMCID: PMC11063382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1381362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COBLL1 gene has been implicated in human central obesity, fasting insulin levels, type 2 diabetes, and blood lipid profiles. However, its molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Methods In this study, we established cobll1a mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout technique. To further dissect the molecular underpinnings of cobll1a during early development, transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis was employed. Results Our study showed that compared to the control, cobll1a -/- zebrafish embryos exhibited impaired development of digestive organs, including the liver, intestine, and pancreas, at 4 days post-fertilization (dpf). Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis results showed that in cobll1a knockout group, the expression level of genes in the Retinoic Acid (RA) signaling pathway was affected, and the expression level of lipid metabolism-related genes (fasn, scd, elovl2, elovl6, dgat1a, srebf1 and srebf2) were significantly changed (p < 0.01), leading to increased lipid synthesis and decreased lipid catabolism. The expression level of apolipoprotein genes (apoa1a, apoa1b, apoa2, apoa4a, apoa4b, and apoea) genes were downregulated. Conclusion Our study suggest that the loss of cobll1a resulted in disrupted RA metabolism, reduced lipoprotein expression, and abnormal lipid transport, therefore contributing to lipid accumulation and deleterious effects on early liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zeng
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinrui Lv
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binling Xie
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tan
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junwei Zhu
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifan Jiang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huaping Xie
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Williams PT. Quantile-Dependent Heritability of Glucose, Insulin, Proinsulin, Insulin Resistance, and Glycated Hemoglobin. Lifestyle Genom 2021; 15:10-34. [PMID: 34872092 PMCID: PMC8766916 DOI: 10.1159/000519382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Quantile-dependent expressivity" is a dependence of genetic effects on whether the phenotype (e.g., insulin resistance) is high or low relative to its distribution. METHODS Quantile-specific offspring-parent regression slopes (βOP) were estimated by quantile regression for fasting glucose concentrations in 6,453 offspring-parent pairs from the Framingham Heart Study. RESULTS Quantile-specific heritability (h2), estimated by 2βOP/(1 + rspouse), increased 0.0045 ± 0.0007 (p = 8.8 × 10-14) for each 1% increment in the fasting glucose distribution, that is, h2 ± SE were 0.057 ± 0.021, 0.095 ± 0.024, 0.146 ± 0.019, 0.293 ± 0.038, and 0.456 ± 0.061 at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of the fasting glucose distribution, respectively. Significant increases in quantile-specific heritability were also suggested for fasting insulin (p = 1.2 × 10-6), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, p = 5.3 × 10-5), insulin/glucose ratio (p = 3.9 × 10-5), proinsulin (p = 1.4 × 10-6), proinsulin/insulin ratio (p = 2.7 × 10-5), and glucose concentrations during a glucose tolerance test (p = 0.001), and their logarithmically transformed values. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION These findings suggest alternative interpretations to precision medicine and gene-environment interactions, including alternative interpretation of reported synergisms between ACE, ADRB3, PPAR-γ2, and TNF-α polymorphisms and being born small for gestational age on adult insulin resistance (fetal origin theory), and gene-adiposity (APOE, ENPP1, GCKR, IGF2BP2, IL-6, IRS-1, KIAA0280, LEPR, MFHAS1, RETN, TCF7L2), gene-exercise (INS), gene-diet (ACSL1, ELOVL6, IRS-1, PLIN, S100A9), and gene-socioeconomic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Williams
- Division of Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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4
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Role of fatty acid elongase Elovl6 in the regulation of energy metabolism and pathophysiological significance in diabetes. Diabetol Int 2020; 12:68-73. [PMID: 33479581 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-020-00481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding epidemic, closely linked to obesity. Peripheral insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion remain the core defects in T2DM. Despite significant advances in unraveling the underlying these defects, many of the metabolic pathways and regulators involved in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are not completely understood. This review proposes that manipulating the fatty acid (FA) composition by blocking ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (Elovl6) could protect against insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and obesity-related disorders. The molecular mechanism of this new paradigm is also discussed. Elovl6 is a microsomal enzyme involved in the elongation of C16 saturated and monounsaturated FAs to form C18 FAs. We have reported that mice with Elovl6 deletion are protected against obesity-induced insulin resistance or β-cell failure when mated to leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice because the cellular FA composition is changed, even with concurrent obesity. Therefore, Elovl6 appears to be a crucial metabolic checkpoint, and limiting Elovl6 expression or activity could be a new therapeutic approach to treat T2DM.
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Maycotte-Cervantes ML, Aguilar-Galarza A, Anaya-Loyola MA, Anzures-Cortes MDL, Haddad-Talancón L, Méndez-Rangel AS, García-Gasca T, Rodríguez-García VM, Moreno-Celis U. Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ELOVL on Biomarkers of Metabolic Alterations in the Mexican Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113389. [PMID: 33158152 PMCID: PMC7694210 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The elongation of very long chain fatty acids (ELOVL) is a family of seven enzymes that have specific functions in the synthesis of fatty acids. Some have been shown to be related to insulin secretion (ELOVL2), and in the lipid profile (ELOVL6) and patients with various pathologies. The present work focused on the study of ELOVL polymorphs with clinical markers of non-communicable chronic diseases in the Mexican population. A sample of 1075 participants was obtained, who underwent clinical, biochemical, and nutritional evaluation, and a genetic evaluation of 91 genetic variants of ELOVL was considered (2–7). The results indicate a 33.16% prevalence of obesity by body mass index, 13.84% prevalence of insulin resistance by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index, 7.85% prevalence of high cholesterol, and 20.37% prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. The deprived alleles showed that there is no association between them and clinical disease risk markers, and the notable finding of the association studies is that the ELOVL2 variants are exclusive in men and ELVOL7 in women. There is also a strong association of ELOVL6 with various markers. The present study shows, for the first time, the association between the different ELOVLs and clinical markers of chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Maycotte-Cervantes
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico; (M.L.M.-C.); (A.A.-G.); (M.A.A.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Galarza
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico; (M.L.M.-C.); (A.A.-G.); (M.A.A.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | - Miriam Aracely Anaya-Loyola
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico; (M.L.M.-C.); (A.A.-G.); (M.A.A.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | | | - Lorenza Haddad-Talancón
- Código 46 SA de CV, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62498, Mexico; (M.d.L.A.-C.); (L.H.-T.); (A.S.M.-R.)
| | | | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico; (M.L.M.-C.); (A.A.-G.); (M.A.A.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Rodríguez-García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico
- Correspondence: (V.M.R.-G.); (U.M.-C.); Tel.: +52-442-238-3525 (V.M.R.-G.); +52-442-192-1200 (ext. 5367) (U.M.-C.)
| | - Ulisses Moreno-Celis
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico; (M.L.M.-C.); (A.A.-G.); (M.A.A.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.R.-G.); (U.M.-C.); Tel.: +52-442-238-3525 (V.M.R.-G.); +52-442-192-1200 (ext. 5367) (U.M.-C.)
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6
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Wang X, Sun S, Cao X, Gao J. Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Networks of Elovl6 on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082860. [PMID: 32325903 PMCID: PMC7215441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (Elovl6) has been reported to be associated with clinical treatments of a variety of metabolic diseases. However, there is no systematic and comprehensive study to reveal the regulatory role of Elovl6 in mRNA, protein and phosphorylation levels. We established the first knock-out (KO), elovl6−/−, in zebrafish. Compared with wild type (WT) zebrafish, KO presented significant higher whole-body lipid content and lower content of fasting blood glucose. We utilized RNA-Seq, tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling-based quantitative technology and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to perform the transcriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of livers from WT and elovl6−/− zebrafish. There were 734 differentially expressed genes (DEG) and 559 differentially expressed proteins (DEP) between elovl6−/− and WT zebrafish, identified out of quantifiable 47251 transcripts and 5525 proteins. Meanwhile, 680 differentially expressed phosphoproteins (DEPP) with 1054 sites were found out of quantifiable 1230 proteins with 3604 sites. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis of the transcriptomic and proteomic data further suggested that the abnormal lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism in KO were mainly related to fatty acid degradation and biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and PPAR signaling pathway. Based on phosphoproteomic analyses, some kinases critical for lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism, including ribosomal protein S6 kinase (Rps6kb), mitogen-activated protein kinase14 (Mapk14) and V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2-like (Akt2l), were identified. These results allowed us to catch on the regulatory networks of elovl6 on lipid and glucose metabolism in zebrafish. To our knowledge, this is the first multi-omic study of zebrafish lacking elovl6, which provides strong datasets to better understand many lipid/glucose metabolic risks posed to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.W.); (S.S.); (X.C.)
| | - Shouxiang Sun
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.W.); (S.S.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.W.); (S.S.); (X.C.)
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.W.); (S.S.); (X.C.)
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(027)-8728-2113
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7
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Sowell KD, Holt RR, Uriu-Adams JY, Chambers CD, Coles CD, Kable JA, Yevtushok L, Zymak-Zakutnya N, Wertelecki W, Keen CL. Altered Maternal Plasma Fatty Acid Composition by Alcohol Consumption and Smoking during Pregnancy and Associations with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 39:249-260. [PMID: 32240041 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1737984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are vital for optimal fetal neuronal development. The relationship between maternal alcohol consumption and smoking with third trimester plasma fatty acids were examined and their association with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).Methods: Moderate to heavy alcohol-using and low/unexposed comparison women were recruited during mid-pregnancy from two prenatal clinics in Ukraine. The participants' infants underwent physical and neurobehavioral exams prior to one-year of age and classified as having FASD by maternal alcohol consumption and neurobehavioral scores. A subset of mother-child pairs was selected representing three groups of cases and controls: Alcohol-Exposed with FASD (AE-FASD, n = 30), Alcohol-Exposed Normally Developing (AE-ND, n = 33), or Controls (n = 46). Third trimester maternal plasma samples were analyzed for fatty acids and levels were compared across groups.Results: The percent of C18:0 (p < 0.001), arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4n-6, p = 0.017) and C22:5n-6 (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in AE-FASD women than controls or AE-ND women. Alcohol-exposed women who smoked had lower C22:5n-3 (p = 0.029) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3, p = 0.005) and higher C22:5n-6 (p = 0.013) than women consuming alcohol alone or abstainers.Conclusion: Alterations in fatty acid profiles were observed in moderate to heavy alcohol-consuming mothers with infants classified with FASD compared to alcohol-exposed normally developing infants or controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista D Sowell
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Sport Studies, Winston-Salem State University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roberta R Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Janet Y Uriu-Adams
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christina D Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Claire D Coles
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julie A Kable
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lyubov Yevtushok
- OMNI-Net, Rivne & the Rivne Diagnostic Center, Rivne, Ukraine.,Department of Therapy No.1 and Medical Diagnostics, Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Wladimir Wertelecki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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8
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Motoi Y, Ito Z, Suzuki S, Takami S, Matsuo K, Sato M, Ota Y, Tsuruta M, Kojima M, Noguchi M, Uchiyama K, Kubota T. FADS2 and ELOVL6 mutation frequencies in Japanese Crohn's disease patients. Drug Discov Ther 2019; 13:354-359. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2019.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Motoi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Zensho Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shizuka Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaori Matsuo
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mio Sato
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuki Ota
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tsuruta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Noguchi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kan Uchiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kubota
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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9
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Wang Z, Wang DH, Park HG, Yan Y, Goykhman Y, Lawrence P, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. Identification of genes mediating branched chain fatty acid elongation. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1807-1817. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin TX USA
| | - Dong Hao Wang
- Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin TX USA
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin TX USA
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine China
| | - Yuliya Goykhman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Kumar S. D. Kothapalli
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin TX USA
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin TX USA
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10
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The elongation of very long-chain fatty acid 6 gene product catalyses elongation of n-13 : 0 and n-15 : 0 odd-chain SFA in human cells. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:241-248. [PMID: 30602402 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Normal odd-chain SFA (OCSFA), particularly tridecanoic acid (n-13 : 0), pentadecanoic acid (n-15 : 0) and heptadecanoic acid (n-17 : 0), are normal components of dairy products, beef and seafood. The ratio of n-15 : 0:n-17 : 0 in ruminant foods (dairy products and beef) is 2:1, while in seafood and human tissues it is 1:2, and their appearance in plasma is often used as a marker for ruminant fat intake. Human elongases encoded by elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (ELOVL)1, ELOVL3, ELOVL6 and ELOVL7 catalyse biosynthesis of the dominant even-chain SFA; however, there are no reports of elongase function on OCSFA. ELOVL transfected MCF7 cells were treated with n-13 : 0, n-15 : 0 or n-17 : 0 (80 µm) and products analysed. ELOVL6 catalysed elongation of n-13 : 0→n-15 : 0 and n-15 : 0→n-17 : 0; and ELOVL7 had modest activity toward n-15 : 0 (n-15 : 0→n-17 : 0). No elongation activity was detected for n-17 : 0→n-19 : 0. Our data expand ELOVL specificity to OCSFA, providing the first molecular evidence demonstrating ELOVL6 as the major elongase acting on OCSFA n-13 : 0 and n-15 : 0 fatty acids. Studies of food intake relying on OCSFA as a biomarker should consider endogenous human metabolism when relying on OCSFA ratios to indicate specific food intake.
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11
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Stuart S, Benton MC, Eccles DA, Sutherland HG, Haupt LM, Lea RA, Griffiths LR. Gene-centric analysis implicates nuclear encoded mitochondrial protein gene variants in migraine susceptibility. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:157-163. [PMID: 28361102 PMCID: PMC5370233 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine is a common neurological disorder which affects a large proportion of the population. The Norfolk Island population is a genetically isolated population and is an ideal discovery cohort for genetic variants involved in complex disease susceptibility given the reduced genetic and environmental heterogeneity. Given that the majority of proteins responsible for mitochondrial function are nuclear encoded, this study aimed to investigate the role of Nuclear Encoded Mitochondrial Protein (NEMP) genes in relation to migraine susceptibility. Methods A gene‐centric association analysis of NEMP genes was undertaken in the most related individuals (n = 315) within the genetically isolated Norfolk Island population. The discovery phase included genes with three or more SNP associations (P < 0.005), which were investigated further in a replication phase using an unrelated migraine case–control cohort (544 patients and 584 controls). Results The discovery phase of the study implicated SNPs in 5 NEMP genes to be associated with migraine susceptibility (P < 0.005). Replication analysis validated some of these implicated genes with SNPs in three NEMP genes shown to be associated with migraine in the replication cohort. These were CSNK1G3 (P = 0.00037), ELOVL6 (P = 0.00035) and SARDH (P = 0.00081), which are involved in phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and oxidative demethylation, respectively. Conclusion Here we provide evidence that variation in NEMP genes is associated with migraine susceptibility. This study provides evidence for a link between mitochondrial function and migraine susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Stuart
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - Miles C Benton
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - David A Eccles
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
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12
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Han L, Cao C, Jia Z, Liu S, Liu Z, Xin R, Wang C, Li X, Ren W, Wang X, Li C. Epidermal growth factor gene is a newly identified candidate gene for gout. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31082. [PMID: 27506295 PMCID: PMC4978989 DOI: 10.1038/srep31082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 4q25 has been identified as a genomic region associated with gout. However, the associations of gout with the genes in this region have not yet been confirmed. Here, we performed two-stage analysis to determine whether variations in candidate genes in the 4q25 region are associated with gout in a male Chinese Han population. We first evaluated 96 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight inflammatory/immune pathway- or glucose/lipid metabolism-related genes in the 4q25 region in 480 male gout patients and 480 controls. The SNP rs12504538, located in the elongation of very-long-chain-fatty-acid-like family member 6 gene (Elovl6), was found to be associated with gout susceptibility (Padjusted = 0.00595). In the second stage of analysis, we performed fine mapping analysis of 93 tag SNPs in Elovl6 and in the epidermal growth factor gene (EGF) and its flanking regions in 1017 male patients gout and 1897 healthy male controls. We observed a significant association between the T allele of EGF rs2298999 and gout (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval = 0.67–0.88, Padjusted = 6.42 × 10−3). These results provide the first evidence for an association between the EGF rs2298999 C/T polymorphism and gout. Our findings should be validated in additional populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhaotong Jia
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ruosai Xin
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Can Wang
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinde Li
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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13
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Kikuchi M, Shimada M, Matsuzaka T, Ishii K, Nakagawa Y, Takayanagi M, Yamada N, Shimano H. Crucial Role of Elovl6 in Chondrocyte Growth and Differentiation during Growth Plate Development in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159375. [PMID: 27467521 PMCID: PMC4965081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ELOVL family member 6, elongation of very long chain fatty acids (Elovl6) is a microsomal enzyme, which regulates the elongation of C12-16 saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Elovl6 has been shown to be associated with various pathophysiologies including insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. To investigate a potential role of Elovl6 during bone development, we here examined a skeletal phenotype of Elovl6 knockout (Elovl6-/-) mice. The Elovl6-/- skeleton was smaller than that of controls, but exhibited no obvious patterning defects. Histological analysis revealed a reduced length of proliferating and an elongated length of hypertrophic chondrocyte layer, and decreased trabecular bone in Elovl6-/- mice compared with controls. These results were presumably due to a modest decrease in chondrocyte proliferation and accelerated differentiation of cells of the chondrocyte lineage. Consistent with the increased length of the hypertrophic chondrocyte layer in Elovl6-/- mice, Collagen10α1 was identified as one of the most affected genes by ablation of Elovl6 in chondrocytes. Furthermore, this elevated expression of Collagen10α1 of Elovl6-null chondrocytes was likely associated with increased levels of Foxa2/a3 and Mef2c mRNA expression. Relative increases in protein levels of nuclear Foxa2 and cytoplasmic histone deacethylase 4/5/7 were also observed in Elovl6 knockdown cells of the chondrocyte lineage. Collectively, our data suggest that Elovl6 plays a critical role for proper development of embryonic growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Kikuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masako Shimada
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women’s University, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Ishii
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Misa Takayanagi
- Graduate School of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women’s University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Leroux C, Bernard L, Faulconnier Y, Rouel J, de la Foye A, Domagalski J, Chilliard Y. Bovine Mammary Nutrigenomics and Changes in the Milk Composition due to Rapeseed or Sunflower Oil Supplementation of High-Forage or High-Concentrate Diets. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2016; 9:65-82. [DOI: 10.1159/000445996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Moisá SJ, Shike DW, Faulkner DB, Meteer WT, Keisler D, Loor JJ. Central Role of the PPARγ Gene Network in Coordinating Beef Cattle Intramuscular Adipogenesis in Response to Weaning Age and Nutrition. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:17-32. [PMID: 24516329 PMCID: PMC3894150 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s11782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenic/lipogenic transcriptional networks regulating intramuscular fat deposition (IMF) in response to weaning age and dietary starch level were studied. The longissimus muscle (LM) of beef steers on an early weaning (141 days age) plus high-starch diet (EWS) or a normal weaning (NW, 222 days age) plus starch creep-feed diet (CFS) was biopsied at 0 (EW), 25, 50, 96 (NW), 167, and 222 (pre-slaughter) days. Expression patterns of 35 target genes were studied. From NW through slaughter, all steers received the same high-starch diet. In EWS steers the expression of PPARG, other adipogenic (CEBPA, ZFP423) and lipogenic (THRSP, SREBF1, INSIG1) activators, and several enzymes (FASN, SCD, ELOVL6, PCK1, DGAT2) that participate in the process of IMF increased gradually to a peak between 96 and 167 days on treatment. Steers in NW did not achieve similar expression levels even by 222 days on treatment, suggesting a blunted response even when fed a high-starch diet after weaning. High-starch feeding at an early age (EWS) triggers precocious and sustained adipogenesis, resulting in greater marbling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia J Moisá
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel W Shike
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Dan B Faulkner
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - William T Meteer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Duane Keisler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. ; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. ; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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16
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Roberts LD, Koulman A, Griffin JL. Towards metabolic biomarkers of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: progress from the metabolome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014; 2:65-75. [PMID: 24622670 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complex aetiology of type 2 diabetes makes effective screening, diagnosis and prognosis a substantial challenge for the physician. The rapidly developing area of metabolomics, which uses analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, has emerged as a promising approach to identify biomarkers of diabetes and the insulin-resistant state that precedes overt pathology. Initial successes with metabolomic studies have indicated potential biomarkers for insulin resistance and for identifying people at risk of developing diabetes, with particular focus on aminoacids and lipid metabolism. These biomarkers will help to improve research and management of diabetes. In particular, several biomarkers identified could be used for early identification of diabetes risk. Furthermore, changes in selected biomarkers can indicate effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Indeed, there is much promise that branched-chain aminoacids might provide a screening biomarker for type 2 diabetes risk, allowing early dietary and exercise interventions to treat or even prevent the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee D Roberts
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research (HNR), Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Albert Koulman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research (HNR), Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research (HNR), Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
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17
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Suburu J, Gu Z, Chen H, Chen W, Zhang H, Chen YQ. Fatty acid metabolism: Implications for diet, genetic variation, and disease. FOOD BIOSCI 2013; 4:1-12. [PMID: 24511462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cultures across the globe, especially Western societies, are burdened by chronic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Several factors, including diet, genetics, and sedentary lifestyle, are suspected culprits to the development and progression of these health maladies. Fatty acids are primary constituents of cellular physiology. Humans can acquire fatty acids by de novo synthesis from carbohydrate or protein sources or by dietary consumption. Importantly, regulation of their metabolism is critical to sustain balanced homeostasis, and perturbations of such can lead to the development of disease. Here, we review de novo and dietary fatty acid metabolism and highlight recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between dietary influences and genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism and their role in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janel Suburu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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18
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Ruggles KV, Garbarino J, Liu Y, Moon J, Schneider K, Henneberry A, Billheimer J, Millar JS, Marchadier D, Valasek MA, Joblin-Mills A, Gulati S, Munkacsi AB, Repa JJ, Rader D, Sturley SL. A functional, genome-wide evaluation of liposensitive yeast identifies the "ARE2 required for viability" (ARV1) gene product as a major component of eukaryotic fatty acid resistance. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4417-31. [PMID: 24273168 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.515197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxic subcellular accumulation of lipids predisposes several human metabolic syndromes, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and some forms of neurodegeneration. To identify pathways that prevent lipid-induced cell death, we performed a genome-wide fatty acid sensitivity screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identified 167 yeast mutants as sensitive to 0.5 mm palmitoleate, 45% of which define pathways that were conserved in humans. 63 lesions also impacted the status of the lipid droplet; however, this was not correlated to the degree of fatty acid sensitivity. The most liposensitive yeast strain arose due to deletion of the "ARE2 required for viability" (ARV1) gene, encoding an evolutionarily conserved, potential lipid transporter that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Down-regulation of mammalian ARV1 in MIN6 pancreatic β-cells or HEK293 cells resulted in decreased neutral lipid synthesis, increased fatty acid sensitivity, and lipoapoptosis. Conversely, elevated expression of human ARV1 in HEK293 cells or mouse liver significantly increased triglyceride mass and lipid droplet number. The ARV1-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation was accompanied by up-regulation of DGAT1, a triglyceride synthesis gene, and the fatty acid transporter, CD36. Furthermore, ARV1 was identified as a transcriptional of the protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a key regulator of lipid homeostasis whose transcriptional targets include DGAT1 and CD36. These results implicate ARV1 as a protective factor in lipotoxic diseases due to modulation of fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, a lipotoxicity-based genetic screen in a model microorganism has identified 75 human genes that may play key roles in neutral lipid metabolism and disease.
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19
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Kosters A, Sun D, Wu H, Tian F, Felix JC, Li W, Karpen SJ. Sexually dimorphic genome-wide binding of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) determines male-female differences in the expression of hepatic lipid processing genes in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71538. [PMID: 23977068 PMCID: PMC3747242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many hepatic functions including lipid metabolism, drug metabolism, and inflammatory responses are regulated in a sex-specific manner due to distinct patterns of hepatic gene expression between males and females. Regulation for the majority of these genes is under control of Nuclear Receptors (NRs). Retinoid X Receptor alpha (RXRα) is an obligate partner for multiple NRs and considered a master regulator of hepatic gene expression, yet the full extent of RXRα chromatin binding in male and female livers is unclear. ChIP-Seq analysis of RXRα and RNA Polymerase2 (Pol2) binding was performed livers of both genders and combined with microarray analysis. Mice were gavage-fed with the RXR ligand LG268 for 5 days (30 mg/kg/day) and RXRα-binding and RNA levels were determined by ChIP-qPCR and qPCR, respectively. ChIP-Seq revealed 47,845 (male) and 46,877 (female) RXRα binding sites (BS), associated with ∼12,700 unique genes in livers of both genders, with 91% shared between sexes. RXRα-binding showed significant enrichment for 2227 and 1498 unique genes in male and female livers, respectively. Correlating RXRα binding strength with Pol2-binding revealed 44 genes being male-dominant and 43 female-dominant, many previously unknown to be sexually-dimorphic. Surprisingly, genes fundamental to lipid metabolism, including Scd1, Fasn, Elovl6, and Pnpla3-implicated in Fatty Liver Disease pathogenesis, were predominant in females. RXRα activation using LG268 confirmed RXRα-binding was 2-3 fold increased in female livers at multiple newly identified RXRα BS including for Pnpla3 and Elovl6, with corresponding ∼10-fold and ∼2-fold increases in Pnpla3 and Elovl6 RNA respectively in LG268-treated female livers, supporting a role for RXRα regulation of sexually-dimorphic responses for these genes. RXRα appears to be one of the most widely distributed transcriptional regulators in mouse liver and is engaged in determining sexually-dimorphic expression of key lipid-processing genes, suggesting novel gender- and gene-specific responses to NR-based treatments for lipid-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Kosters
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Feng Tian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julio C. Felix
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Saul J. Karpen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Liu Y, Wang F, Yu XL, Miao ZM, Wang ZC, Chen Y, Wang YG. Genetic analysis of the ELOVL6 gene polymorphism associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:623-8. [PMID: 23903678 PMCID: PMC3859333 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent animal studies have indicated that overexpression of the elongation of
long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (Elovl6) gene can cause
insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. These are the major factors involved
in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To identify the
relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of
ELOVL6 and T2DM pathogenesis, we conducted a case-control
study of 610 Han Chinese individuals (328 newly diagnosed T2DM and 282 healthy
subjects). Insulin resistance and islet first-phase secretion function were
evaluated by assessment of insulin resistance in a homeostasis model (HOMA-IR)
and an arginine stimulation test. Three SNPs of the ELOVL6 gene
were genotyped with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length
polymorphism, with DNA sequencing used to confirm the results. Only genotypes TT
and CT of the ELOVL6 SNP rs12504538 were detected in the
samples. Genotype CC was not observed. The T2DM group had a higher frequency of
the C allele and the CT genotype than the control group. Subjects with the CT
genotype had higher HOMA-IR values than those with the TT genotype. In addition,
no statistical significance was observed between the genotype and allele
frequencies of the control and T2DM groups for SNPs rs17041272 and rs6824447.
The study indicated that the ELOVL6 gene polymorphism
rs12504538 is associated with an increased risk of T2DM, because it causes an
increase in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Qingdao University, Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, China
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21
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Corominas J, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Puig-Oliveras A, Pérez-Montarelo D, Noguera JL, Folch JM, Ballester M. Polymorphism in the ELOVL6 gene is associated with a major QTL effect on fatty acid composition in pigs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53687. [PMID: 23341976 PMCID: PMC3544903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6), the only elongase related to de novo lipogenesis, catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the elongation cycle by controlling the fatty acid balance in mammals. It is located on pig chromosome 8 (SSC8) in a region where a QTL affecting palmitic, and palmitoleic acid composition was previously detected, using an Iberian x Landrace intercross. The main goal of this work was to fine-map the QTL and to evaluate the ELOVL6 gene as a positional candidate gene affecting the percentages of palmitic and palmitoleic fatty acids in pigs. Methodology and Principal Findings The combination of a haplotype-based approach and single-marker analysis allowed us to identify the main, associated interval for the QTL, in which the ELOVL6 gene was identified and selected as a positional candidate gene. A polymorphism in the promoter region of ELOVL6, ELOVL6:c.-533C>T, was highly associated with the percentage of palmitic and palmitoleic acids in muscle and backfat. Significant differences in ELOVL6 gene expression were observed in backfat when animals were classified by the ELOVL6:c.-533C>T genotype. Accordingly, animals carrying the allele associated with a decrease in ELOVL6 gene expression presented an increase in C16:0 and C16:1(n-7) fatty acid content and a decrease of elongation activity ratios in muscle and backfat. Furthermore, a SNP genome-wide association study with ELOVL6 relative expression levels in backfat showed the strongest effect on the SSC8 region in which the ELOVL6 gene is located. Finally, different potential genomic regions associated with ELOVL6 gene expression were also identified by GWAS in liver and muscle, suggesting a differential tissue regulation of the ELOVL6 gene. Conclusions and Significance Our results suggest ELOVL6 as a potential causal gene for the QTL analyzed and, subsequently, for controlling the overall balance of fatty acid composition in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Corominas
- Departament de Genètica Animal, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Hardwick JP, Eckman K, Lee YK, Abdelmegeed MA, Esterle A, Chilian WM, Chiang JY, Song BJ. Eicosanoids in metabolic syndrome. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2013; 66:157-266. [PMID: 23433458 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404717-4.00005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic persistent inflammation plays a significant role in disease pathology of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is a constellation of diseases that include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with many of the MetS diseases. These metabolic derangements trigger a persistent inflammatory cascade, which includes production of lipid autacoids (eicosanoids) that recruit immune cells to the site of injury and subsequent expression of cytokines and chemokines that amplify the inflammatory response. In acute inflammation, the transcellular synthesis of antiinflammatory eicosanoids resolve inflammation, while persistent activation of the autacoid-cytokine-chemokine cascade in metabolic disease leads to chronic inflammation and accompanying tissue pathology. Many drugs targeting the eicosanoid pathways have been shown to be effective in the treatment of MetS, suggesting a common linkage between inflammation, MetS and drug metabolism. The cross-talk between inflammation and MetS seems apparent because of the growing evidence linking immune cell activation and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Thus modulation of lipid metabolism through either dietary adjustment or selective drugs may become a new paradigm in the treatment of metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the mechanisms linking eicosanoid metabolism to persistent inflammation and altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Hardwick
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA.
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Matsuzaka T, Atsumi A, Matsumori R, Nie T, Shinozaki H, Suzuki-Kemuriyama N, Kuba M, Nakagawa Y, Ishii K, Shimada M, Kobayashi K, Yatoh S, Takahashi A, Takekoshi K, Sone H, Yahagi N, Suzuki H, Murata S, Nakamuta M, Yamada N, Shimano H. Elovl6 promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2012; 56:2199-208. [PMID: 22753171 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and an increased risk for liver cirrhosis and cancer. ELOVL family member 6, elongation of very long chain fatty acids (Elovl6), is a microsomal enzyme that regulates the elongation of C12-16 saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (FAs). We have shown previously that Elovl6 is a major target for sterol regulatory element binding proteins in the liver and that it plays a critical role in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance by modifying FA composition. To further investigate the role of Elovl6 in the development of NASH and its underlying mechanism, we used three independent mouse models with loss or gain of function of Elovl6, and human liver samples isolated from patients with NASH. Our results demonstrate that (1) Elovl6 is a critical modulator for atherogenic high-fat diet-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in the liver; (2) Elovl6 expression is positively correlated with severity of hepatosteatosis and liver injury in NASH patients; and (3) deletion of Elovl6 reduces palmitate-induced activation of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome; this could be at least one of the underlying mechanisms by which Elovl6 modulates the progress of NASH. CONCLUSION Hepatic long-chain fatty acid composition is a novel determinant in NASH development, and Elovl6 could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Ferrario A, Villa F, Malovini A, Araniti F, Puca AA. The application of genetics approaches to the study of exceptional longevity in humans: potential and limitations. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2012; 9:7. [PMID: 22524405 PMCID: PMC3407776 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The average life-span of the population of industrialized countries has improved enormously over the last decades. Despite evidence pointing to the role of food intake in modulating life-span, exceptional longevity is still considered primarily an inheritable trait, as pointed out by the description of families with centenarian clusters and by the elevated relative probability of siblings of centenarians to become centenarians themselves. However, rather than being two separate concepts, the genetic origin of exceptional longevity and the more recently observed environment-driven increase in the average age of the population could possibly be explained by the same genetic variants and environmentally modulated mechanisms (caloric restriction, specific nutrients). In support of this hypothesis, polymorphisms selected for in the centenarian population as a consequence of demographic pressure have been found to modulate cellular signals controlled also by caloric restriction. Here, we give an overview of the recent findings in the field of the genetics of human exceptional longevity, of how some of the identified polymorphisms modulate signals also influenced by food intake and caloric restriction, of what in our view have been the limitations of the approaches used over the past years to study genetics (sib-pair-, candidate gene association-, and genome-wide association-studies), and briefly of the limitations and the potential of the new, high-throughput, next-generation sequencing techniques applied to exceptional longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ferrario
- IRCCS Multimedica, Via Fantoli 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy.
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