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Girgis MM, Christodoulides M. Vertebrate and Invertebrate Animal and New In Vitro Models for Studying Neisseria Biology. Pathogens 2023; 12:782. [PMID: 37375472 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of Neisseria research has involved the use of a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate animal models, from insects to humans. In this review, we itemise these models and describe how they have made significant contributions to understanding the pathophysiology of Neisseria infections and to the development and testing of vaccines and antimicrobials. We also look ahead, briefly, to their potential replacement by complex in vitro cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Girgis
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Nguyen TH, Turek I, Meehan-Andrews T, Zacharias A, Irving HR. A systematic review and meta-analyses of interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) action on inflammation in in vivo models for the study of sepsis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263968. [PMID: 35167625 PMCID: PMC8846508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) is a critical modulator of inflammation and is associated with endotoxin tolerance and sepsis. Although IRAK3 is known as a negative regulator of inflammation, several studies have reported opposing functions, and the temporal actions of IRAK3 on inflammation remain unclear. A systematic review and meta-analyses were performed to investigate IRAK3 expression and its effects on inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) after one- or two-challenge interventions, which mimic the hyperinflammatory and immunosuppression phases of sepsis, respectively, using human or animal in vivo models. Methods This systematic review and meta-analyses has been registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) (Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/V39UR). A systematic search was performed to identify in vivo studies reporting outcome measures of expression of IRAK3 and inflammatory markers. Meta-analyses were performed where sufficient data was available. Results The search identified 7778 studies for screening. After screening titles, abstracts and full texts, a total of 49 studies were included in the systematic review. The review identified significant increase of IRAK3 mRNA and protein expression at different times in humans compared to rodents following one-challenge, whereas the increases of IL-6 and TNF-α protein expression in humans were similar to rodent in vivo models. Meta-analyses confirmed the inhibitory effect of IRAK3 on TNF-α mRNA and protein expression after two challenges. Conclusions A negative correlation between IRAK3 and TNF-α expression in rodents following two challenges demonstrates the association of IRAK3 in the immunosuppression phase of sepsis. Species differences in underlying biology affect the translatability of immune responses of animal models to human, as shown by the dissimilarity in patterns of IRAK3 mRNA and protein expression between humans and rodents following one challenge that are further influenced by variations in experimental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang H. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (HRI); (THN)
| | - Ilona Turek
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terri Meehan-Andrews
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita Zacharias
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen R. Irving
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (HRI); (THN)
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Exploring the Ability of Meningococcal Vaccines to Elicit Mucosal Immunity: Insights from Humans and Mice. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070906. [PMID: 34358056 PMCID: PMC8308890 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis causes a devastating invasive disease but is also a normal colonizer of the human nasopharynx. Due to the rapid progression of disease, the best tool to protect individuals against meningococcal infections is immunization. Clinical experience with polysaccharide conjugate vaccines has revealed that an ideal meningococcal vaccine must prevent both invasive disease and nasal colonization, which confers herd immunity. However, not all meningococcal vaccines are equal in their ability to prevent nasal colonization, for unknown reasons. Herein, we describe recent efforts to utilize humanized mouse models to understand the impact of different meningococcal vaccines on nasal colonization. These mice are susceptible to nasal colonization, and they become immune following live nasal infection or immunization with matched capsule-conjugate or protein-based vaccines, replicating findings from human work. We bring together insights regarding meningococcal colonization and immunity from clinical work with findings using humanized mouse models, providing new perspective into the different determinants of mucosal versus systemic immunity. Then, we use this as a framework to help focus future studies toward understanding key mechanistic aspects left unresolved, including the bacterial factors required for colonization and immune evasion, determinants of nasal mucosal protection, and characteristics of an ideal meningococcal vaccine.
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Sodium Tetraphenylborate Displays Selective Bactericidal Activity against Neisseria meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae and Is Effective at Reducing Bacterial Infection Load. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.00254-20. [PMID: 33168608 PMCID: PMC7848997 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00254-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, two highly related species that might have emerged from a common commensal ancestor, constitute major human threats. Vaccines are available to prevent N. meningitidis infection, whereas there are only a limited number of antibiotics available for N. gonorrhoeae Unfortunately, some strains of these species are rapidly evolving and capable of escaping human interventions. Thus, it is now urgent to develop new avenues to fight these bacteria. This study reports that a boron-based salt, sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4), displays high bactericidal activity and remarkable specificity against N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae Other closely related commensal species such as Neisseria lactamica, which is found in the normal flora of healthy individuals, were found to be less affected even at 5-fold higher doses of NaBPh4 This specificity was further observed when much lower sensitivity was found for more distant Neisseriaceae species (such as Neisseria elongata or Kingella oralis) and completely unrelated species. Significant boron uptake by N. meningitidis cells was observed after incubation with 5 μM NaBPh4, as measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, suggesting that this drug candidate's target(s) could be located intracellularly or within the cell envelope. Furthermore, mutants with slightly decreased susceptibility displayed alterations in genes coding for cell envelope elements, which reduced their virulence in an animal model of infection. Finally, a single dose of NaBPh4 resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial burden in a mouse model of N. meningitidis bacteremia. Although numerous boron-containing species were previously reported for their complex biological activities, the observation of this narrow selectivity is unprecedented and of potential importance from a therapeutic standpoint.
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Nguyen TH, Turek I, Meehan-Andrews T, Zacharias A, Irving H. Analysis of interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-3 (IRAK3) function in modulating expression of inflammatory markers in cell culture models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244570. [PMID: 33382782 PMCID: PMC7774834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IRAK3 is a critical modulator of inflammation in innate immunity. IRAK3 is associated with many inflammatory diseases, including sepsis, and is required in endotoxin tolerance to maintain homeostasis of inflammation. The impact of IRAK3 on inflammatory markers such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cell culture models remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To analyse temporal effects of IRAK3 on inflammatory markers after one- or two-challenge interventions in cell culture models. METHODS A systematic search was performed to identify in vitro cell studies reporting outcome measures of expression of IRAK3 and inflammatory markers. Meta-analyses were performed where sufficient data were available. Comparisons of outcome measures were performed between different cell lines and human and mouse primary cells. RESULTS The literature search identified 7766 studies for screening. After screening titles, abstracts and full-texts, a total of 89 studies were included in the systematic review. CONCLUSIONS The review identifies significant effects of IRAK3 on decreasing NF-κB DNA binding activity in cell lines, TNF-α protein level at intermediate time intervals (4h-15h) in cell lines or at long term intervals (16h-48h) in mouse primary cells following one-challenge. The patterns of TNF-α protein expression in human cell lines and human primary cells in response to one-challenge are more similar than in mouse primary cells. Meta-analyses confirm a negative correlation between IRAK3 and inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) expression after two-challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Hong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilona Turek
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terri Meehan-Andrews
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita Zacharias
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Irving
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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Levy M, Aouiti Trabelsi M, Taha MK. Evidence for Multi-Organ Infection During Experimental Meningococcal Sepsis due to ST-11 Isolates in Human Transferrin-Transgenic Mice. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101456. [PMID: 32977487 PMCID: PMC7598264 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The description of invasive meningococcal disease that is provoked by Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is frequently restricted to meningitis. However, a wide panel of clinical presentations can be encountered including severe forms with intense inflammatory reaction leading to multi-organ failure. Several human factors are involved in the development of invasive infections such as transferrin, factor H or CEACAM1. In this study, we used an experimental meningococcal infection in transgenic mice expressing the human transferrin to show multi-organ infection. Mice were infected by an intraperitoneal injection of bacterial suspension (1.5 × 107 colony-forming unit/mouse) of a bioluminescent serogroup C strain belonging to the clonal complex ST-11. Dynamic imaging and histological analysis were performed. The results showed invasion of tissues by Nm with bacteria observed, outside blood vessels, in the kidneys, the heart and the brain as well as skin involvement. These data further support the systemic aspect of invasive meningococcal disease with involvement of several organs including skin as in humans. Thus, our model can be used to study severe forms of meningococcal invasive infections with multi-organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levy
- Institut Pasteur, Invasive Bacterial Infection Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France; (M.A.T.); (M.-K.T.)
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Myriam Aouiti Trabelsi
- Institut Pasteur, Invasive Bacterial Infection Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France; (M.A.T.); (M.-K.T.)
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Institut Pasteur, Invasive Bacterial Infection Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France; (M.A.T.); (M.-K.T.)
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Eriksson L, Stenmark B, Deghmane AE, Thulin Hedberg S, Säll O, Fredlund H, Mölling P, Taha MK. Difference in virulence between Neisseria meningitidis serogroups W and Y in transgenic mice. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:92. [PMID: 32295520 PMCID: PMC7160935 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neisseria meningitidis serogroups W and Y are the most common serogroups causing invasive meningococcal disease in Sweden. The majority of cases are caused by the serogroup W UK 2013 strain of clonal complex (cc) 11, and subtype 1 of the serogroup Y, YI strain of cc23. In this study, virulence factors of several lineages within cc11 and cc23 were investigated in transgenic BALB/c mice expressing human transferrin. Transgenic mice were infected intraperitoneally with serogroup W and Y isolates. Levels of bacteria and the proinflammatory cytokine CXCL1 were determined in blood collected 3 h and 24 h post-infection. Apoptosis was investigated in immune cells from peritoneal washes of infected mice. Adhesion and induction of apoptosis in human epithelial cells were also scored. RESULTS The levels of bacteraemia, CXCL1, and apoptosis were higher in serogroup W infected mice than in serogroup Y infected mice. Serogroup W isolates also induced higher levels of apoptosis and adhesion in human epithelial cells. No significant differences were observed between different lineages within cc11 and cc23. CONCLUSIONS N. meningitidis Serogroup W displayed a higher virulence in vivo in transgenic mice, compared to serogroup Y. This was reflected by higher bacteremia, proinflammatory activity, and ability to induce apoptosis in mouse immune cells and human epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Eriksson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Bianca Stenmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Sara Thulin Hedberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Olof Säll
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hans Fredlund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Paula Mölling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Deghmane AE, Haeghebaert S, Hong E, Jousset A, Barret AS, Taha MK. Emergence of new genetic lineage, ST-9316, of Neisseria meningitidis group W in Hauts-de-France region, France 2013-2018. J Infect 2020; 80:519-526. [PMID: 32032620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is continuously changing in incidence, age distribution and/or the expansion of new strains of Neisseria meningitidis. The epidemiology of IMD due to group W (IMDW) has changed recently at a global level with the emergence of isolates belonging to the clonal complex ST-11 (CC11) derived from the South America-UK strain. A more recent change has been detected in France with the emergence of a new genotype distinct from CC11 that we aimed to analyse. METHODS Epidemiological and microbiological surveillance data in France were used in combination with whole genome sequencing (WGS) to detect emerging phenotypes and genotypes of IMD causing strains, and their susceptibility to immunity induced by the 4CMenB vaccine. Transgenic mice expressing the human transferrin were used to analyse the virulence of emerging strain isolates by direct comparison with CC11 isolates. FINDINGS Our data showed a local increase of IMDW isolates in north France since 2013. The isolates belonged to ST-9316 and few were ST-11 isolates. WGS clustered ST-9316 isolates together and were distantly separated from the isolates of the clonal complex ST-11 (CC11). Unlike cases due to W/CC11 isolates, cases due to W/ST-9316 isolates were mostly observed amongst infants under the age of 1 year but with lower mortality compared to W/CC11 cases. Genomic comparison showed that the W/ST-9316, unlike W/CC11 isolates, lacked the hmbR gene encoding the haemoglobin receptor that is a virulence factor involved in the acquisition of iron from haemoglobin. W/ST-9316 further showed lower virulence in mice compared to W/CC11 isolates. INTERPRETATION We report the emergence of a novel sequence type (ST-9316) mostly associated with serogroup W, and exhibiting a lower virulence and a distinct age specific incidence profile than W/CC11 isolates. Surveillance requires powerful approaches combining WGS and pathophysiological analysis to adapt control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala-Eddine Deghmane
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference center for meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Haeghebaert
- Santé publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Eva Hong
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference center for meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Améliane Jousset
- Santé publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Barret
- Santé publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference center for meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, F-75724 Paris, France.
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Williams AH, Wheeler R, Deghmane AE, Santecchia I, Schaub RE, Hicham S, Moya Nilges M, Malosse C, Chamot-Rooke J, Haouz A, Dillard JP, Robins WP, Taha MK, Gomperts Boneca I. Defective lytic transglycosylase disrupts cell morphogenesis by hindering cell wall de- O-acetylation in Neisseria meningitidis. eLife 2020; 9:e51247. [PMID: 32022687 PMCID: PMC7083599 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic transglycosylases (LT) are enzymes involved in peptidoglycan (PG) remodeling. However, their contribution to cell-wall-modifying complexes and their potential as antimicrobial drug targets remains unclear. Here, we determined a high-resolution structure of the LT, an outer membrane lipoprotein from Neisseria species with a disordered active site helix (alpha helix 30). We show that deletion of the conserved alpha-helix 30 interferes with the integrity of the cell wall, disrupts cell division, cell separation, and impairs the fitness of the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis during infection. Additionally, deletion of alpha-helix 30 results in hyperacetylated PG, suggesting this LtgA variant affects the function of the PG de-O-acetylase (Ape 1). Our study revealed that Ape 1 requires LtgA for optimal function, demonstrating that LTs can modulate the activity of their protein-binding partner. We show that targeting specific domains in LTs can be lethal, which opens the possibility that LTs are useful drug-targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Hillary Williams
- Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur; Groupe Avenir, INSERM 75015ParisFrance
| | - Richard Wheeler
- Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur; Groupe Avenir, INSERM 75015ParisFrance
- Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institut Gustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
| | | | - Ignacio Santecchia
- Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur; Groupe Avenir, INSERM 75015ParisFrance
- Universté Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Ryan E Schaub
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Samia Hicham
- Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur; Groupe Avenir, INSERM 75015ParisFrance
| | - Maryse Moya Nilges
- Unité Technologie et Service BioImagerie Ultrastructural, Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Christian Malosse
- Unité Technologie et Service Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie, Institut Pasteur; UMR 3528, CNRS 75015ParisFrance
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Unité Technologie et Service Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie, Institut Pasteur; UMR 3528, CNRS 75015ParisFrance
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- Plate-forme de Cristallographie-C2RT, Institut Pasteur; UMR3528, CNRS 75015ParisFrance
| | - Joseph P Dillard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - William P Robins
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur; Groupe Avenir, INSERM 75015ParisFrance
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Huang SS, Lin JY, Chen WS, Liu MH, Cheng CW, Cheng ML, Wang CH. Phenylalanine- and leucine-defined metabolic types identify high mortality risk in patients with severe infection. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 85:143-149. [PMID: 31170548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of phenylalanine and leucine in patients with severe infection. METHODS Ninety-three patients with infection who had a quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score ≥2 were enrolled. Plasma phenylalanine, leucine, albumin, C-reactive protein, pre-albumin, and transferrin were measured and the SOFA score at enrollment was calculated after hospitalization. RESULTS During the 3-month follow-up, 30 (32.3%) patients died. Death was associated with higher SOFA scores, a higher incidence of bacteremia and admission to the intensive care unit, higher C-reactive protein and phenylalanine levels, worse kidney function, and lower pre-albumin and transferrin levels. Patients were categorized into three groups: high-risk type 1 (phenylalanine ≥84μM), high-risk type 2 (phenylalanine <84μM and leucine <93μM), and low-risk (other). Compared to the low-risk type patients, high-risk type 1 and 2 patients had higher mortality rates (hazard ratio 10.1 (95% CI 2.33-43.5) and hazard ratio 5.56 (95% CI 1.22-25.4), respectively). Type 1 patients had higher SOFA scores, a higher incidence of admission to the intensive care unit, and higher C-reactive protein and leucine levels. Type 2 patients had lower albumin and hemoglobin levels. Multivariable analysis showed that both high-risk types were independent predictors of death. CONCLUSIONS Phenylalanine- and leucine-defined risk classifications provide metabolic information with prognostic value for patients with severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shie-Shian Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ying Lin
- Nutrition Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Siang Chen
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Intensive Care Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Liu
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Cheng
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
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11
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Yang XK, Wang N, Yang C, Wang YM, Che TJ. Differential protein expression in patients with urosepsis. Chin J Traumatol 2018; 21:316-322. [PMID: 30340979 PMCID: PMC6354131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Urosepsis in adults comprises approximately 25% of all sepsis cases, and is due to complicated urinary tract infections in most cases. However, its mechanism is not fully clarified. Urosepsis is a very complicated disease with no effective strategy for early diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify possible target-related proteins involved in urosepsis using proteomics and establish possible networks using bioinformatics. METHODS Fifty patients admitted to the Urology Unit of Lanzhou General PLA (Lanzhou, China), from October 2012 to October 2015, were enrolled in this study. The patients were further divided into shock and matched-pair non-shock groups. 2-DE technique, mass spectrometry and database search were used to detect differentially expressed proteins in serum from the two groups. RESULTS Six proteins were found at higher levels in the shock group compared with non-shock individuals, including serum amyloid A-1 protein (SAA1), apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), ceruloplasmin (CP), haptoglobin (HP), antithrombin-III (SERPINC1) and prothrombin (F2), while three proteins showed lower levels, including serotransferrin (TF), transthyretin (TTR) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M). CONCLUSION Nine proteins were differentially expressed between uroseptic patients (non-shock groups) and severe uroseptic patients (shock groups), compared with non-shock groups, serum SAA1, APOL1,CP, HP, SERPINC1and F2 at higher levels, while TF, TTR and A2M at lower levels in shock groups.these proteins were mainly involved in platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, acute phase protein pathway, lipid homeostasis, and iron ion transport, deserve further research as potential candidates for early diagnosis and treatment. (The conclusion seems too simple and vague, please re-write it. You may focus at what proteins have been expressed and introduce more detail about its significance.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Kai Yang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou General Hospital PLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Infection, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710033, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Student teams, Basic Medical College, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China
| | - Yang-Min Wang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou General Hospital PLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Tuan-Jie Che
- Lanzhou Baiyuan Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Sevestre J, Diene SM, Aouiti-Trabelsi M, Deghmane AE, Tournier I, François P, Caron F, Taha MK. Differential expression of hemoglobin receptor, HmbR, between carriage and invasive isolates of Neisseria meningitidis contributes to virulence: lessons from a clonal outbreak. Virulence 2018; 9:923-929. [PMID: 29638173 PMCID: PMC5955449 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1460064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carriage and invasion balance in the pathogenesis of Neisseria meningitidis was analyzed during a recent clonal outbreak of meningococcal B in Normandy, France, that offered the opportunity to compare six isolates undistinguable by conventional typing (B:14:P1.7,16:F3-3/ST-32) isolated from invasive disease or pharyngeal asymptomatic carriage. Data from animal model (transgenic mice rendered susceptible to N. meningitidis infection) showed an absence of virulence for two non-capsulated carriage isolates, an intermediate virulence for two capsulated carriage isolates and a marked virulence for two capsulated invasive isolates. This differential pathogenesis well correlated with whole genome sequencing analysis that clustered both isolates of each group together, forming their own arm within the Norman cluster. Gene-by-gene analysis specified that genes involved in iron acquisition were among the elements differentially represented in cluster of invasive isolates compared to cluster of capsulated carriage isolates. The hemoglobin receptor encoding gene hmbR was in an ON-phase in the capsulated invasive isolates while carriage capsulated isolates were in an OFF-phase. An ON-phase variant of a capsulated carriage isolate showed enhanced virulence. These data underline the role of phase variation (ON/OFF) of HmbR in the balance between disease isolates/carriage isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sevestre
- a Research group on microbial adaptation (EA 2656) Normandie University, UNIROUEN , Rouen , France.,b Invasive bacterial Infections Unit and National reference center on meningococci , Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Seydina M Diene
- c Genomic research laboratory, Service of infectious diseases , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Myriam Aouiti-Trabelsi
- b Invasive bacterial Infections Unit and National reference center on meningococci , Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Ala-Eddine Deghmane
- b Invasive bacterial Infections Unit and National reference center on meningococci , Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Isabelle Tournier
- d Inserm U1245 , UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Normandy center for genomic and personalized medicine , Rouen , France
| | - Patrice François
- c Genomic research laboratory, Service of infectious diseases , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - François Caron
- a Research group on microbial adaptation (EA 2656) Normandie University, UNIROUEN , Rouen , France.,e Infectious diseases department , Rouen University Hospital , Rouen , France
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- b Invasive bacterial Infections Unit and National reference center on meningococci , Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
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13
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Levy M, Deghmane AE, Aouiti-Trabelsi M, Dauger S, Faye A, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Taha MK. Analysis of the impact of corticosteroids adjuvant treatment during experimental invasive meningococcal infection in mice. Steroids 2018; 136:32-39. [PMID: 29753775 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is usually associated with intense inflammatory response that is correlated with severe infection. Corticosteroids may regulate this inflammatory response through an early but transient induction of IL-10 that is suggested to improve the outcome of IMD. We explored the mechanism of action of corticosteroids as an adjuvant treatment to antibiotics. Transgenic mice expressing the human transferrin were infected by a hyperinvasive meningococcal strain and transcriptomic analysis were then performed in the blood for all conditions of infection and treatment. Infected untreated mice, infected antibiotic-treated mice and infected amoxicillin and dexamethasone-treated mice were compared. Treatment using both corticosteroids and antibiotics was associated with differential gene expression in the blood especially in Monocytes-Macrophages pathways. Depletion of these cells in infected mice was associated with a more severe bacterial infection and uncontrolled production of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, children suffering from severe IMD had low counts of monocytes at admission. Our data are in favor of a role of corticosteroids in enhancing a polarization from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes of Monocytes-Macrophages axis that may help controlling meningococcal invasive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Levy
- Invasive Bacterial Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France; Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ala-Eddine Deghmane
- Invasive Bacterial Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Myriam Aouiti-Trabelsi
- Invasive Bacterial Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Dauger
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Albert Faye
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Mariani-Kurkdjian
- Microbiology Unit, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Invasive Bacterial Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France.
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14
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Belkacem N, Bourdet-Sicard R, Taha MK. Lactobacillus paracasei feeding improves the control of secondary experimental meningococcal infection in flu-infected mice. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:167. [PMID: 29636018 PMCID: PMC5894232 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of probiotics to improve anti-microbial defence, such as for influenza infections, is increasingly recommended. However, no data are available on the effect of probiotics on flu-associated secondary bacterial infections. There is strong evidence of a spatiotemporal association between influenza virus infection and invasive Neisseria meningitidis. We thus investigated the effect of feeding mice Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1518 in a mouse model of sequential influenza-meningococcal infection. METHODS We intranasally infected BALB/c mice with a strain of influenza A virus (IAV) H3N2 that was first adapted to mice. Seven days later, a secondary bacterial infection was induced by intranasal administration of bioluminescent N. meningitidis. During the experiment, mice orally received either L. paracasei CNCM I-1518 or PBS as a control. The effect of L. paracasei administration on secondary bacterial infection by N. meningitidis was evaluated. RESULTS Oral consumption of L. paracasei CNCM I-1518 reduced the weight loss of infected mice and lowered the bioluminescent signal of infecting meningococci. This improvement was associated with higher recruitment of inflammatory myeloid cells, such as interstitial monocytes and dendritic cells, to the lungs. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the role of the gut-lung axis. L. paracasei CNCM I-1518 may boost the defence against IAV infection and secondary bacterial infection, which should be further studied and validated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouria Belkacem
- Institut Pasteur, Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit , 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris, France.,Bioaster 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Raphaëlle Bourdet-Sicard
- Bioaster 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,Danone Research, route de la Vauve, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Muhamed-Kkeir Taha
- Institut Pasteur, Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit , 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris, France.
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15
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Belkacem N, Serafini N, Wheeler R, Derrien M, Boucinha L, Couesnon A, Cerf-Bensussan N, Gomperts Boneca I, Di Santo JP, Taha MK, Bourdet-Sicard R. Lactobacillus paracasei feeding improves immune control of influenza infection in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184976. [PMID: 28931041 PMCID: PMC5607164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections such as flu cause severe morbidity and mortality and are among the leading causes of death in children and adults worldwide. Commensal microbiota is critical for orchestrating tissue homeostasis and immunity in the intestine. Probiotics represent an interesting source of immune modulators and several clinical studies have addressed the potential beneficial effects of probiotics against respiratory infections. Therefore, we have investigated the mechanisms of protection conferred by L. paracasei CNCM I-1518 strain in a mouse model of influenza infection. Notably, local myeloid cells accumulation is generated in the lungs after seven days feeding with L. paracasei prior to viral infection. L. paracasei-fed mice showed reduced susceptibility to the influenza infection, associated with less accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lungs, faster viral clearance and general health improvement. Interestingly, Allobaculum was significantly increased in L. paracasei-fed mice 7 days after influenza infection, even if the gut microbiota composition was not altered overall. L. paracasei-purified peptidoglycan partially recapitulated the protective phenotype observed with the entire bacteria. Collectively, our results demonstrate that oral consumption of L. paracasei CNCM I-1518 modulates lung immunity was associated with an improved control of influenza infection. These results further extend the beneficial role for certain lactobacilli to alleviate the burden of respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouria Belkacem
- Institut Pasteur, Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, Paris, France.,Bioaster, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Serafini
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Richard Wheeler
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et génétique de la paroi bactérienne, Dept. Microbiologie, Paris, France.,Institut National de la santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Aurélie Couesnon
- Bioaster, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité and Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- INSERM, U1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité and Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et génétique de la paroi bactérienne, Dept. Microbiologie, Paris, France.,Institut National de la santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Inserm U1223, Paris, France
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Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for both microbes and humans alike. For well over half a century we have known that this element, in particular, plays a pivotal role in health and disease and, most especially, in shaping host-pathogen interactions. Intracellular iron concentrations serve as a critical signal in regulating the expression not only of high-affinity iron acquisition systems in bacteria, but also of toxins and other noted virulence factors produced by some major human pathogens. While we now are aware of many strategies that the host has devised to sequester iron from invading microbes, there are as many if not more sophisticated mechanisms by which successful pathogens overcome nutritional immunity imposed by the host. This review discusses some of the essential components of iron sequestration and scavenging mechanisms of the host, as well as representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens, and highlights recent advances in the field. Last, we address how the iron acquisition strategies of pathogenic bacteria may be exploited for the development of novel prophylactics or antimicrobials.
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17
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Agnememel A, Hong E, Giorgini D, Nuñez-Samudio V, Deghmane AE, Taha MK. Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup X in Sub-Saharan Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:698-702. [PMID: 26982628 PMCID: PMC4806945 DOI: 10.3201/eid2204.150653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of meningococcal disease varies by geography and time. Whole-genome sequencing of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X isolates from sub-Saharan Africa and Europe showed that serogroup X emergence in sub-Saharan Africa resulted from expansion of particular variants within clonal complex 181. Virulence of these isolates in experimental mouse models was high.
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18
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Antunes A, Derkaoui M, Terrade A, Denizon M, Deghmane AE, Deutscher J, Delany I, Taha MK. The Phosphocarrier Protein HPr Contributes to Meningococcal Survival during Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162434. [PMID: 27655040 PMCID: PMC5031443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is an exclusively human pathogen frequently carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx but it can also provoke invasive infections such as meningitis and septicemia. N. meningitidis uses a limited range of carbon sources during infection, such as glucose, that is usually transported into bacteria via the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), in which the phosphocarrier protein HPr (encoded by the ptsH gene) plays a central role. Although N. meningitidis possesses an incomplete PTS, HPr was found to be required for its virulence. We explored the role of HPr using bioluminescent wild-type and ΔptsH strains in experimental infection in transgenic mice expressing the human transferrin. The wild-type MC58 strain was recovered at higher levels from the peritoneal cavity and particularly from blood compared to the ΔptsH strain. The ΔptsH strain provoked lower levels of septicemia in mice and was more susceptible to complement-mediated killing than the wild-type strain. We tested whether meningococcal structures impacted complement resistance and observed that only the capsule level was decreased in the ΔptsH mutant. We therefore compared the transcriptomic profiles of wild-type and ΔptsH strains and identified 49 differentially expressed genes. The HPr regulon contains mainly hypothetical proteins (43%) and several membrane-associated proteins that could play a role during host interaction. Some other genes of the HPr regulon are involved in stress response. Indeed, the ΔptsH strain showed increased susceptibility to environmental stress conditions. Our data suggest that HPr plays a pleiotropic role in host-bacteria interactions most likely through the innate immune response that may be responsible for the enhanced clearance of the ΔptsH strain from blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Antunes
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Paris, France, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- * E-mail: (AA); (MKT)
| | - Meriem Derkaoui
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aude Terrade
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Paris, France, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Mélanie Denizon
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Paris, France, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Ala-Eddine Deghmane
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Paris, France, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Josef Deutscher
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8261 (affiliated with Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité), Expression Génétique Microbienne, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Delany
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l. (a GSK company), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Paris, France, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- * E-mail: (AA); (MKT)
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19
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Use of Animal Models To Support Revising Meningococcal Breakpoints of β-Lactams. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:4023-7. [PMID: 27090179 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00378-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) in Neisseria meningitidis is an important part of the management of invasive meningococcal disease. It defines MICs of antibiotics that are used in treatment and/or prophylaxis and that mainly belong to the beta-lactams. The interpretation of the AST results requires breakpoints to classify the isolates into susceptible, intermediate, or resistant. The resistance to penicillin G is defined by a MIC of >0.25 mg/liter, and that of amoxicillin is defined by a MIC of >1 mg/liter. We provide data that may support revision of resistance breakpoints for beta-lactams in meningococci. We used experimental intraperitoneal infection in 8-week-old transgenic female mice expressing human transferrin and human factor H. Dynamic bioluminescence imaging was performed to follow the infection by bioluminescent meningococcus strains with different MICs. Three hours later, infected mice were treated intramuscularly using several doses of amoxicillin or penicillin G. Signal decreased during infection with a meningococcus strain showing a penicillin G MIC of 0.064 mg/liter at all doses. Signals decreased for the strain with a penicillin G MIC of 0.5 mg/liter only after treatment with the highest doses, corresponding to 250,000 units/kg of penicillin G or 200 mg/kg of amoxicillin, although this decrease was at a lower rate than that of the strain with a MIC of 0.064 mg/liter. The decrease in bioluminescent signals was associated with a decrease in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Our data suggest that a high dose of amoxicillin or penicillin G can reduce growth during infection by isolates showing penicillin G MICs of >0.25 mg/liter and ≤1 mg/liter.
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Levy M, Antunes A, Fiette L, Deghmane AE, Taha MK. Impact of corticosteroids on experimental meningococcal sepsis in mice. Steroids 2015; 101:96-102. [PMID: 26066898 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is responsible for septicemia and meningitis with high fatality that is associated with an excessive inflammatory reaction particularly with hyperinvasive isolates of the clonal complex ST-11 (cc11). However, anti-inflammatory adjuvant treatment remains controversial and difficult to assess in patients. We addressed this topic in a well-defined experimental meningococcal infection in transgenic mice expressing the human transferrin. Mice were infected by intra-peritoneal challenge with bioluminescent serogroup C/cc11 strain. After 3h of infection mice were differentially treated every 6h by saline, amoxicillin alone or amoxicillin and dexamethasone (DXM). Infected mice were scored for clinical status, temperature and weight. Biological markers of inflammation were also quantified. Significant clinical improvement was observed in mice treated with amoxicillin and DXM compared to the two other groups. A significant reduction of the inflammatory reaction assessed by CRP and Lipocalin 2 (two acute phase proteins) was also observed with this treatment. DXM significantly increased blood levels of IL-10 at 6h post-infection. DXM/amoxicillin treated mice, compared to the two other groups, also showed lower levels of TNF-α and lower bacterial blood load assessed by serial dilutions of blood and bioluminescence dynamic imaging. Our results suggest that DXM, added to an appropriate antibiotic therapy, has a beneficial effect on experimental sepsis with a hyperinvasive meningococcal strain in transgenic mice expressing human transferrin. This is most likely due to the reduction of inflammatory response by an early induction of IL-10 cytokine. These data may allow better decision-making to use or not corticotherapy during meningococcal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Levy
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris, Cité, France
| | - Ana Antunes
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris, Cité, France
| | - Laurence Fiette
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris, Cité, France
| | - Ala-Eddine Deghmane
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris, Cité, France
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris, Cité, France.
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Biville F, Brézillon C, Giorgini D, Taha MK. Pyrophosphate-mediated iron acquisition from transferrin in Neisseria meningitidis does not require TonB activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107612. [PMID: 25290693 PMCID: PMC4189776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to acquire iron from various sources has been demonstrated to be a major determinant
in the pathogenesis of Neisseria meningitidis. Outside the cells, iron is bound to
transferrin in serum, or to lactoferrin in mucosal secretions. Meningococci can extract iron from
iron-loaded human transferrin by the TbpA/TbpB outer membrane complex. Moreover, N.
meningitidis expresses the LbpA/LbpB outer membrane complex, which can extract iron from
iron-loaded human lactoferrin. Iron transport through the outer membrane requires energy provided by
the ExbB-ExbD-TonB complex. After transportation through the outer membrane, iron is bound by
periplasmic protein FbpA and is addressed to the FbpBC inner membrane transporter. Iron-complexing
compounds like citrate and pyrophosphate have been shown to support meningococcal growth ex
vivo. The use of iron pyrophosphate as an iron source by N. meningitidis
was previously described, but has not been investigated. Pyrophosphate was shown to participate in
iron transfer from transferrin to ferritin. In this report, we investigated the use of ferric
pyrophosphate as an iron source by N. meningitidis both ex vivo
and in a mouse model. We showed that pyrophosphate was able to sustain N.
meningitidis growth when desferal was used as an iron chelator. Addition of a pyrophosphate
analogue to bacterial suspension at millimolar concentrations supported N.
meningitidis survival in the mouse model. Finally, we show that pyrophosphate enabled
TonB-independent ex vivo use of iron-loaded human or bovine transferrin as an iron
source by N. meningitidis. Our data suggest that, in addition to acquiring iron
through sophisticated systems, N. meningitidis is able to use simple strategies to
acquire iron from a wide range of sources so as to sustain bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Biville
- Unité des Infections Bactériennes invasives, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Brézillon
- Unité des Infections Bactériennes invasives, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Dario Giorgini
- Unité des Infections Bactériennes invasives, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Unité des Infections Bactériennes invasives, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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22
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Guiddir T, Deghmane AE, Giorgini D, Taha MK. Lipocalin 2 in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker of acute bacterial meningitis. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:276. [PMID: 24885531 PMCID: PMC4033677 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early differential diagnosis between acute bacterial and viral meningitis is problematic. We aimed to investigate whether the detection of lipocalin 2, a protein of the acute innate immunity response, may be used as a marker for acute bacterial meningitis. Methods Transgenic mice expressing the human transferrin were infected by intraperitoneal route and were imaged. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was sampled up to 48hours post- infection to measure lipocalin 2. We also tested a collection of 90 and 44 human CSF with confirmed acute bacterial or acute viral meningitis respectively. Results Lipocalin 2 was detected after 5 h in CSF during experimental infection in mice. Lipocalin 2 levels were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in patients with confirmed acute bacterial meningitis (mean 125 pg/mL, range 106–145 pg/mL) than in patients with acute viral meningitis (mean 2 pg/mL, range 0–6 pg/mL) with a sensitivity of 81%, a specificity of 93%, a positive predictive value of 96% and a negative predictive value of 71% in diagnosing acute bacterial meningitis. Conclusions Increased levels of lipocalin 2 in cerebrospinal fluid may discriminate between acute bacterial and viral meningitis in patients with clinical syndrome of meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Institut Pasteur, Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit and National Reference Centre for Meningococci, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France.
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Inhibition of the alternative pathway of nonhuman infant complement by porin B2 contributes to virulence of Neisseria meningitidis in the infant rat model. Infect Immun 2014; 82:2574-84. [PMID: 24686052 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01517-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis utilizes capsular polysaccharide, lipooligosaccharide (LOS) sialic acid, factor H binding protein (fHbp), and neisserial surface protein A (NspA) to regulate the alternative pathway (AP) of complement. Using meningococcal mutants that lacked all four of the above-mentioned molecules (quadruple mutants), we recently identified a role for PorB2 in attenuating the human AP; inhibition was mediated by human fH, a key downregulatory protein of the AP. Previous studies showed that fH downregulation of the AP via fHbp or NspA is specific for human fH. Here, we report that PorB2-expressing quadruple mutants also regulate the AP of baby rabbit and infant rat complement. Blocking a human fH binding region on PorB2 of the quadruple mutant of strain 4243 with a chimeric protein that comprised human fH domains 6 and 7 fused to murine IgG Fc enhanced AP-mediated baby rabbit C3 deposition, which provided evidence for an fH-dependent mechanism of nonhuman AP regulation by PorB2. Using isogenic mutants of strain H44/76 that differed only in their PorB molecules, we confirmed a role for PorB2 in resistance to killing by infant rat serum. The PorB2-expressing strain also caused higher levels of bacteremia in infant rats than its isogenic PorB3-expressing counterpart, thus providing a molecular basis for increased survival of PorB2 isolates in this model. These studies link PorB2 expression with infection of infant rats, which could inform the choice of meningococcal strains for use in animal models, and reveals, for the first time, that PorB2-expressing strains of N. meningitidis regulate the AP of baby rabbits and rats.
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Zarantonelli ML, Skoczynska A, Antignac A, El Ghachi M, Deghmane AE, Szatanik M, Mulet C, Werts C, Peduto L, d'Andon MF, Thouron F, Nato F, Lebourhis L, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE, Vives FL, Sansonetti P, Eberl G, Pedron T, Taha MK, Boneca IG. Penicillin resistance compromises Nod1-dependent proinflammatory activity and virulence fitness of neisseria meningitidis. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13:735-45. [PMID: 23768497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a life-threatening human bacterial pathogen responsible for pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Meningococcal strains with reduced susceptibility to penicillin G (Pen(I)) carry a mutated penicillin-binding protein (PBP2) resulting in a modified peptidoglycan structure. Despite their antibiotic resistance, Pen(I) strains have failed to expand clonally. We analyzed the biological consequences of PBP2 alteration among clinical meningococcal strains and found that peptidoglycan modifications of the Pen(I) strain resulted in diminished in vitro Nod1-dependent proinflammatory activity. In an influenza virus-meningococcal sequential mouse model mimicking human disease, wild-type meningococci induced a Nod1-dependent inflammatory response, colonizing the lungs and surviving in the blood. In contrast, isogenic Pen(I) strains were attenuated for such response and were out-competed by meningococci sensitive to penicillin G. Our results suggest that antibiotic resistance imposes a cost to the success of the pathogen and may potentially explain the lack of clonal expansion of Pen(I) strains.
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Sanders H, Kaaijk P, van den Dobbelsteen GP. Preclinical evaluation of MenB vaccines: prerequisites for clinical development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:31-42. [PMID: 23256737 DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines against disease caused by several serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis, vaccines targeting meningococci expressing the serogroup B capsule (MenB) have focused on subcapsular antigens, due to crossreactivity of the polysaccharide with human glycoproteins. Protein vaccines composed of outer membrane vesicles have been used successfully to control epidemics of MenB disease in several countries; however, these are specific for epidemic strains. Currently, a single serogroup B vaccine, aiming to provide comprehensive coverage, has been approved for use, and several others are undergoing clinical trials. Data on potential new vaccine candidates, from discovery to initial preclinical evaluation, are regularly published. In this review, the data required to progress from preclinical to clinical development of MenB vaccines are outlined, with reference to relevant regulatory guidelines. The issues caused by a lack of reliable animal models, particularly with respect to determination of protective efficacy, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Sanders
- Bacterial Vaccines, Crucell Holland, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Veyrier FJ, Williams AH, Mesnage S, Schmitt C, Taha MK, Boneca IG. De-O-acetylation of peptidoglycan regulates glycan chain extension and affectsin vivosurvival ofNeisseria meningitidis. Mol Microbiol 2013; 87:1100-12. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stéphane Mesnage
- Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers; Inserm U872; 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine; Paris; F-75006; France
| | - Christine Schmitt
- Institut Pasteur; Plate-forme de Microscopie Ultrastructurale; Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection; Paris; F-75015; France
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Institut Pasteur; Infections Bactériennes Invasives; Département Infection et Epidémiologie; 28 Rue du Dr. Roux; Paris; F-75015; France
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Target gene sequencing to define the susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis to ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:1961-4. [PMID: 23357770 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02184-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningococcal gyrA gene sequence data, MICs, and mouse infection were used to define the ciprofloxacin breakpoint for Neisseria meningitidis. Residue T91 or D95 of GyrA was altered in all meningococcal isolates with MICs of ≥ 0.064 μg/ml but not among isolates with MICs of ≤ 0.032 μg/ml. Experimental infection of ciprofloxacin-treated mice showed slower bacterial clearance when GyrA was altered. These data suggest a MIC of ≥ 0.064 μg/ml as the ciprofloxacin breakpoint for meningococci and argue for the molecular detection of ciprofloxacin resistance.
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Noinaj N, Buchanan SK, Cornelissen CN. The transferrin-iron import system from pathogenic Neisseria species. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:246-57. [PMID: 22957710 PMCID: PMC3468669 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two pathogenic species within the genus Neisseria cause the diseases gonorrhoea and meningitis. While vaccines are available to protect against four N. meningitidis serogroups, there is currently no commercial vaccine to protect against serogroup B or against N. gonorrhoeae. Moreover, the available vaccines have significant limitations and with antibiotic resistance becoming an alarming issue, the search for effective vaccine targets to elicit long-lasting protection against Neisseria species is becoming more urgent. One strategy for vaccine development has targeted the neisserial iron import systems. Without iron, the Neisseriae cannot survive and, therefore, these iron import systems tend to be relatively well conserved and are promising vaccine targets, having the potential to offer broad protection against both gonococcal and meningococcal infections. These efforts have been boosted by recent reports of the crystal structures of the neisserial receptor proteins TbpA and TbpB, each solved in complex with human transferrin, an iron binding protein normally responsible for delivering iron to human cells. Here, we review the recent structural reports and put them into perspective with available functional studies in order to derive the mechanism(s) for how the pathogenic Neisseriae are able to hijack human iron transport systems for their own survival and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Noinaj
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Susan K. Buchanan
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Cynthia Nau Cornelissen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, PO Box 980678, Richmond, VA 23298
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Transcriptomic analysis of peritoneal cells in a mouse model of sepsis: confirmatory and novel results in early and late sepsis. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:509. [PMID: 23009705 PMCID: PMC3621573 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The events leading to sepsis start with an invasive infection of a primary organ of the body followed by an overwhelming systemic response. Intra-abdominal infections are the second most common cause of sepsis. Peritoneal fluid is the primary site of infection in these cases. A microarray-based approach was used to study the temporal changes in cells from the peritoneal cavity of septic mice and to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this subset of sepsis patients. RESULTS We conducted microarray analysis of the peritoneal cells of mice infected with a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. Differentially expressed genes were identified at two early (1 h, 2 h) and one late time point (18 h). A multiplexed bead array analysis was used to confirm protein expression for several cytokines which showed differential expression at different time points based on the microarray data. Gene Ontology based hypothesis testing identified a positive bias of differentially expressed genes associated with cellular development and cell death at 2 h and 18 h respectively. Most differentially expressed genes common to all 3 time points had an immune response related function, consistent with the observation that a few bacteria are still present at 18 h. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional regulators like PLAGL2, EBF1, TCF7, KLF10 and SBNO2, previously not described in sepsis, are differentially expressed at early and late time points. Expression pattern for key biomarkers in this study is similar to that reported in human sepsis, indicating the suitability of this model for future studies of sepsis, and the observed differences in gene expression suggest species differences or differences in the response of blood leukocytes and peritoneal leukocytes.
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Late repression of NF-κB activity by invasive but not non-invasive meningococcal isolates is required to display apoptosis of epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002403. [PMID: 22144896 PMCID: PMC3228807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningococcal invasive isolates of the ST-11 clonal complex are most frequently associated with disease and rarely found in carriers. Unlike carriage isolates, invasive isolates induce apoptosis in epithelial cells through the TNF-α signaling pathway. While invasive and non-invasive isolates are both able to trigger the TLR4/MyD88 pathway in lipooligosaccharide (LOS)-dependant manner, we show that only non-invasive isolates were able to induce sustained NF-κB activity in infected epithelial cells. ST-11 invasive isolates initially triggered a strong NF-κB activity in infected epithelial cells that was abolished after 9 h of infection and was associated with sustained activation of JNK, increased levels of membrane TNFR1, and induction of apoptosis. In contrast, infection with carriage isolates lead to prolonged activation of NF-κB that was associated with a transient activation of JNK increased TACE/ADAM17-mediated shedding of TNFR1 and protection against apoptosis. Our data provide insights to understand the meningococcal duality between invasiveness and asymptomatic carriage.
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