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Rebollar-Vega RG, Zuarth-Vázquez JM, Hernández-Ramírez LC. Clinical Spectrum of USP8 Pathogenic Variants in Cushing's Disease. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102899. [PMID: 37925320 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Cushing's disease (CD) is a life-threatening condition with a challenging diagnostic process and scarce treatment options. CD is caused by usually benign adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), known as corticotropinomas. These tumors are predominantly of sporadic origin, and usually derive from the monoclonal expansion of a mutated cell. Somatic activating variants located within a hotspot of the USP8 gene are present in 11-62% of corticotropinomas, making USP8 the most frequent genetic driver of corticotroph neoplasia. In contrast, other somatic defects such as those affecting the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1), the BRAF oncogene, the deubiquitinase-encoding gene USP48, and TP53 are infrequent. Moreover, patients with familial tumor syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia, familial isolated pituitary adenoma, and DICER1 rarely develop corticotropinomas. One of the main molecular alterations in USP8-driven tumors is an overactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway, which induces ACTH production. Hotspot USP8 variants lead to persistent EGFR overexpression, thereby perpetuating the hyper-synthesis of ACTH. More importantly, they condition a characteristic transcriptomic signature that might be useful for the clinical prognosis of patients with CD. Nevertheless, the clinical phenotype associated with USP8 variants is less well defined. Hereby we discuss the current knowledge on the molecular pathogenesis and clinical picture associated with USP8 hotspot variants. We focus on the potential significance of the USP8 mutational status for the design of tailored clinical strategies in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa G Rebollar-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julia M Zuarth-Vázquez
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura C Hernández-Ramírez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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2
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Moreira J, Almeida J, Saraiva L, Cidade H, Pinto M. Chalcones as Promising Antitumor Agents by Targeting the p53 Pathway: An Overview and New Insights in Drug-Likeness. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123737. [PMID: 34205272 PMCID: PMC8233907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is one of the most important tumor suppressors that are frequently inactivated in cancer cells. This inactivation occurs either because the TP53 gene is mutated or deleted, or due to the p53 protein inhibition by endogenous negative regulators, particularly murine double minute (MDM)2. Therefore, the reestablishment of p53 activity has received great attention concerning the discovery of new cancer therapeutics. Chalcones are naturally occurring compounds widely described as potential antitumor agents through several mechanisms, including those involving the p53 pathway. The inhibitory effect of these compounds in the interaction between p53 and MDM2 has also been recognized, with this effect associated with binding to a subsite of the p53 binding cleft of MDM2. In this work, a literature review of natural and synthetic chalcones and their analogues potentially interfering with p53 pathway is presented. Moreover, in silico studies of drug-likeness of chalcones recognized as p53-MDM2 interaction inhibitors were accomplished considering molecular descriptors, biophysiochemical properties, and pharmacokinetic parameters in comparison with those from p53-MDM2 in clinical trials. With this review, we expect to guide the design of new and more effective chalcones targeting the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Moreira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (H.C.); (M.P.); Tel.: +351-22-042-8584 (L.S.); +351-22-042-8688 (H.C.); +351-22-042-8692 (M.P.)
| | - Honorina Cidade
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (H.C.); (M.P.); Tel.: +351-22-042-8584 (L.S.); +351-22-042-8688 (H.C.); +351-22-042-8692 (M.P.)
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (H.C.); (M.P.); Tel.: +351-22-042-8584 (L.S.); +351-22-042-8688 (H.C.); +351-22-042-8692 (M.P.)
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3
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Aliabadi F, Sohrabi B, Mostafavi E, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Webster TJ. Ubiquitin-proteasome system and the role of its inhibitors in cancer therapy. Open Biol 2021; 11:200390. [PMID: 33906413 PMCID: PMC8080017 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all the other cells that have the potential to prevent cancer development and metastasis through tumour suppressor proteins, cancer cells can upregulate the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) by which they can degrade tumour suppressor proteins and avoid apoptosis. This system plays an extensive role in cell regulation organized in two steps. Each step has an important role in controlling cancer. This demonstrates the importance of understanding UPS inhibitors and improving these inhibitors to foster a new hope in cancer therapy. UPS inhibitors, as less invasive chemotherapy drugs, are increasingly used to alleviate symptoms of various cancers in malignant states. Despite their success in reducing the development of cancer with the lowest side effects, thus far, an appropriate inhibitor that can effectively inactivate this system with the least drug resistance has not yet been fully investigated. A fundamental understanding of the system is necessary to fully elucidate its role in causing/controlling cancer. In this review, we first comprehensively investigate this system, and then each step containing ubiquitination and protein degradation as well as their inhibitors are discussed. Ultimately, its advantages and disadvantages and some perspectives for improving the efficiency of these inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aliabadi
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beheshteh Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Surface Chemistry Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology, PO Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Zivarpour P, Nikkhah E, Maleki Dana P, Asemi Z, Hallajzadeh J. Molecular and biological functions of gingerol as a natural effective therapeutic drug for cervical cancer. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:43. [PMID: 33706784 PMCID: PMC7953815 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common and important gynecological cancers, which has a global concern with an increasing number of patients and mortality rates. Today, most women in the world who suffer from cervical cancer are developing advanced stages of the disease. Smoking and even exposure to secondhand smoke, infections caused by the human papillomavirus, immune system dysfunction and high-risk individual-social behaviors are among the most important predisposing factors for this type of cancer. In addition, papilloma virus infection plays a more prominent role in cervical cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy or radical hysterectomy, and radiotherapy are effective treatments for this condition, the side effects of these methods endanger a person's quality of life and cause other problems in other parts of the body. Studies show that herbal medicines, including taxol, camptothecin and combretastatins, have been shown to be effective in treating cervical cancer. Ginger (Zingiber officinale, Zingiberaceae) is one of the plants with valuable compounds such as gingerols, paradols and shogoals, which is a rich source of antioxidants, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agents. Numerous studies have reported the therapeutic effects of this plant through various pathways in cervical cancer. In this article, we look at the signaling mechanisms and pathways in which ginger is used to treat cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Zivarpour
- Department of Biological sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elhameh Nikkhah
- Medicinal Plants Research Cent Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Abstract
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The biological responses to dienone compounds with a 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadienyl
pharmacophore have been studied extensively. Despite their expected
general thiol reactivity, these compounds display considerable degrees
of tumor cell selectivity. Here we review in vitro and preclinical studies of dienone compounds including b-AP15, VLX1570,
RA-9, RA-190, EF24, HO-3867, and MCB-613. A common property of these
compounds is their targeting of the ubiquitin–proteasome system
(UPS), known to be essential for the viability of tumor cells. Gene
expression profiling experiments have shown induction of responses
characteristic of UPS inhibition, and experiments using cellular reporter
proteins have shown that proteasome inhibition is associated with
cell death. Other mechanisms of action such as reactivation of mutant
p53, stimulation of steroid receptor coactivators, and induction of
protein cross-linking have also been described. Although unsuitable
as biological probes due to widespread reactivity, dienone compounds
are cytotoxic to apoptosis-resistant tumor cells and show activity
in animal tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Dickson P, Abegg D, Vinogradova E, Takaya J, An H, Simanski S, Cravatt BF, Adibekian A, Kodadek T. Physical and Functional Analysis of the Putative Rpn13 Inhibitor RA190. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1371-1382.e6. [PMID: 32857985 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rpn13 is one of several ubiquitin receptors in the 26S proteasome. Cys88 of Rpn13 has been proposed to be the principal target of RA190, an electrophilic small molecule with interesting anti-cancer activities. Here, we examine the claim that RA190 mediates its cytotoxic effects through engagement with Rpn13. We find no evidence that this is the case. In vitro, RA190 is has no measurable effect on any of the known interactions of Rpn13. In cellulo, we see no physical engagement of Rpn13 by RA190, either on C88 or any other residue. However, chemical proteomics experiments in two different cell lines reveal that dozens of other proteins are heavily engaged by RA190. Finally, increasing or reducing the level of Rpn13 in HeLa and melanoma cells had no effect on the sensitivity of HeLa or melanoma cells to RA190. We conclude that Rpn13 is not the physiologically relevant target of RA190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Dickson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ekaterina Vinogradova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Junichiro Takaya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hongchan An
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Scott Simanski
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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7
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Zhang X, Linder S, Bazzaro M. Drug Development Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) for the Treatment of Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040902. [PMID: 32272746 PMCID: PMC7226376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by a higher rate of protein turnover and greater demand for protein homeostasis compared to normal cells. In this scenario, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is responsible for the degradation of over 80% of cellular proteins within mammalian cells, becomes vital to cancer cells, making the UPS a critical target for the discovery of novel cancer therapeutics. This review systematically categorizes all current reported small molecule inhibitors of the various essential components of the UPS, including ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), ubiquitin ligases (E3s), the 20S proteasome catalytic core particle (20S CP) and the 19S proteasome regulatory particles (19S RP), as well as their mechanism/s of action and limitations. We also discuss the immunoproteasome which is considered as a prospective therapeutic target of the next generation of proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Anchoori RK, Tan M, Tseng SH, Peng S, Soong RS, Algethami A, Foran P, Das S, Wang C, Wang TL, Liang H, Hung CF, Roden RBS. Structure-function analyses of candidate small molecule RPN13 inhibitors with antitumor properties. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227727. [PMID: 31940398 PMCID: PMC6961910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to design ubiquitin-proteasome system inhibitors active against solid cancers by targeting ubiquitin receptor RPN13 within the proteasome’s 19S regulatory particle. The prototypic bis-benzylidine piperidone-based inhibitor RA190 is a michael acceptor that adducts Cysteine 88 of RPN13. In probing the pharmacophore, we showed the benefit of the central nitrogen-bearing piperidone ring moiety compared to a cyclohexanone, the importance of the span of the aromatic wings from the central enone-piperidone ring, the contribution of both wings, and that substituents with stronger electron withdrawing groups were more cytotoxic. Potency was further enhanced by coupling of a second warhead to the central nitrogen-bearing piperidone as RA375 exhibited ten-fold greater activity against cancer lines than RA190, reflecting its nitro ring substituents and the addition of a chloroacetamide warhead. Treatment with RA375 caused a rapid and profound accumulation of high molecular weight polyubiquitinated proteins and reduced intracellular glutathione levels, which produce endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, and trigger apoptosis. RA375 was highly active against cell lines of multiple myeloma and diverse solid cancers, and demonstrated a wide therapeutic window against normal cells. For cervical and head and neck cancer cell lines, those associated with human papillomavirus were significantly more sensitive to RA375. While ARID1A-deficiency also enhanced sensitivity 4-fold, RA375 was active against all ovarian cancer cell lines tested. RA375 inhibited proteasome function in muscle for >72h after single i.p. administration to mice, and treatment reduced tumor burden and extended survival in mice carrying an orthotopic human xenograft derived from a clear cell ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Anchoori
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marietta Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruey-Shyang Soong
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aliyah Algethami
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Palmer Foran
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard B. S. Roden
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Ciotti S, Iuliano L, Cefalù S, Comelli M, Mavelli I, Di Giorgio E, Brancolini C. GSK3β is a key regulator of the ROS-dependent necrotic death induced by the quinone DMNQ. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:2. [PMID: 31919413 PMCID: PMC6952365 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways controlling necrosis are still mysterious and debated. We applied a shRNA-based viability screen to identify critical elements of the necrotic response. We took advantage from a small molecule (G5) that makes covalent adducts with free thiols by Michael addition and elicits multiple stresses. In cells resistant to apoptosis, G5 triggers necrosis through the induction of protein unfolding, glutathione depletion, ER stress, proteasomal impairments, and cytoskeletal stress. The kinase GSK3β was isolated among the top hits of the screening. Using the quinone DMNQ, a ROS generator, we demonstrate that GSK3β is involved in the regulation of ROS-dependent necrosis. Our results have been validated using siRNA and by knocking-out GSK3β with the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In response to DMNQ GSK3β is activated by serine 9 dephosphorylation, concomitantly to Akt inactivation. During the quinone-induced pro-necrotic stress, GSK3β gradually accumulates into the nucleus, before the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Accumulation of ROS in response to DMNQ is impaired by the absence of GSK3β. We provide evidence that the activities of the obligatory two-electrons reducing flavoenzymes, NQO1 (NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1) and NQO2 are required to suppress DMNQ-induced necrosis. In the absence of GSK3β the expression of NQO1 and NQO2 is dramatically increased, possibly because of an increased transcriptional activity of NRF2. In summary, GSK3β by blunting the anti-oxidant response and particularly NQO1 and NQO2 expression, favors the appearance of necrosis in response to ROS, as generated by the quinone DMNQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ciotti
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Iuliano
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cefalù
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marina Comelli
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Irene Mavelli
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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10
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Muli CS, Tian W, Trader DJ. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Proteasome's Regulatory Particle. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1739-1753. [PMID: 30740849 PMCID: PMC6765334 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells need to synthesize and degrade proteins consistently. Maintaining a balanced level of protein in the cell requires a carefully controlled system and significant energy. Degradation of unwanted or damaged proteins into smaller peptide units can be accomplished by the proteasome. The proteasome is composed of two main subunits. The first is the core particle (20S CP), and within this core particle are three types of threonine proteases. The second is the regulatory complex (19S RP), which has a myriad of activities including recognizing proteins marked for degradation and shuttling the protein into the 20S CP to be degraded. Small-molecule inhibitors of the 20S CP have been developed and are exceptional treatments for multiple myeloma (MM). 20S CP inhibitors disrupt the protein balance, leading to cellular stress and eventually to cell death. Unfortunately, the 20S CP inhibitors currently available have dose-limiting off-target effects and resistance can be acquired rapidly. Herein, we discuss small molecules that have been discovered to interact with the 19S RP subunit or with a protein closely associated with 19S RP activity. These molecules still elicit their toxicity by preventing the proteasome from degrading proteins, but do so through different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S. Muli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Darci J. Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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11
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Mooneyham A, Iizuka Y, Yang Q, Coombes C, McClellan M, Shridhar V, Emmings E, Shetty M, Chen L, Ai T, Meints J, Lee MK, Gardner M, Bazzaro M. UNC-45A Is a Novel Microtubule-Associated Protein and Regulator of Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:370-383. [PMID: 30322860 PMCID: PMC6359974 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNC-45A, a highly conserved member of the UCS (UNC45A/CRO1/SHE4P) protein family of cochaperones, plays an important role in regulating cytoskeletal-associated functions in invertebrates and mammalian cells, including cytokinesis, exocytosis, cell motility, and neuronal development. Here, for the first time, UNC-45A is demonstrated to function as a mitotic spindle-associated protein that destabilizes microtubules (MT) activity. Using in vitro biophysical reconstitution and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy analysis, we reveal that UNC-45A directly binds to taxol-stabilized MTs in the absence of any additional cellular cofactors or other MT-associated proteins and acts as an ATP-independent MT destabilizer. In cells, UNC-45A binds to and destabilizes mitotic spindles, and its depletion causes severe defects in chromosome congression and segregation. UNC-45A is overexpressed in human clinical specimens from chemoresistant ovarian cancer and that UNC-45A-overexpressing cells resist chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy when treated with clinically relevant concentrations of paclitaxel. Lastly, UNC-45A depletion exacerbates paclitaxel-mediated stabilizing effects on mitotic spindles and restores sensitivity to paclitaxel. IMPLICATIONS: These findings reveal novel and significant roles for UNC-45A in regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, broadening our understanding of the basic mechanisms regulating MT stability and human cancer susceptibility to paclitaxel, one of the most widely used chemotherapy agents for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Mooneyham
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yoshie Iizuka
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Courtney Coombes
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Mark McClellan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Vijayalakshmi Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Edith Emmings
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mihir Shetty
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Teng Ai
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Joyce Meints
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael K Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Melissa Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,,Corresponding author: Martina Bazzaro, Masonic Cancer Center, 420 Delaware Street S.E, Room 490, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Tel: 612-6252889, Fax: 612-626-0665,
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12
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Ren CC, Yang L, Liu L, Chen YN, Cheng GM, Zhang XA, Liu H. Effects of shRNA-mediated silencing of PSMA7 on cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor expression via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in cervical cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5851-5862. [PMID: 29247526 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of PSMA7 silencing on cervical cancer (CC) cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. CC tissues (n = 43) and normal tissues (n = 27) were first collected from patients. Human CC cell line (SiHa) and human normal cervical epithelial cells (H8) were obtained and classified into the normal, blank, negative control (NC), PSMA7-shRNA1, and PSMA7-shRNA2 groups, respectively. In situ hybridization was used to detect the expressions of wild-type and mutant p53 proteins. Immunofluorescence assay was carried out to test the activity of 20S proteasomes. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were both performed to determine the expressions of PSMA7, ubiquitin, P27, P53, and VEGF in sample tissues and cells. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to analyze cell proliferation rates, and flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and the apoptotic rate. Compared with normal tissues, CC tissues showed increased expression levels of PSMA7, ubiquitin, p53, VEGF as well as increased activity of 20S proteasomes but exhibited a decrease in p27 expression. Compared with the blank and NC groups, the PSMA7-shRNA1 and PSMA7-shRNA2 groups all had decreased expression levels of PSMA7, ubiquitin, p53, and VEGF as well as decreased cell proliferation, 20S proteasomes activity, and cell number in the S phase, increased p27 expression, cell apoptosis and cell number in the G0/G1 phase. Our study demonstrated that PSMA7 silencing can suppress CC cell proliferation and VEGF expression in addition to promoting cell apoptosis through inhibiting the UPP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Nan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Mei Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-An Zhang
- Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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13
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Hellweg R, Mooneyham A, Chang Z, Shetty M, Emmings E, Iizuka Y, Clark C, Starr T, Abrahante JH, Schütz F, Konecny G, Argenta P, Bazzaro M. RNA Sequencing of Carboplatin- and Paclitaxel-Resistant Endometrial Cancer Cells Reveals New Stratification Markers and Molecular Targets for Cancer Treatment. HORMONES & CANCER 2018; 9:326-337. [PMID: 29951943 PMCID: PMC10355894 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical technique and adjuvant treatment, endometrial cancer has recently seen an increase in incidence and mortality in the USA. The majority of endometrial cancers can be cured by surgery alone or in combination with adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy; however, a subset of patients experience recurrence for reasons that remain unclear. Recurrence is associated with chemoresistance to carboplatin and paclitaxel and consequentially, high mortality. Understanding the pathways involved in endometrial cancer chemoresistance is paramount for the identification of biomarkers and novel molecular targets for this disease. Here, we generated the first matched pairs of carboplatin-sensitive/carboplatin-resistant and paclitaxel-sensitive/paclitaxel-resistant endometrial cancer cells and subjected them to bulk RNA sequencing analysis. We found that 45 genes are commonly upregulated in carboplatin- and paclitaxel-resistant cells as compared to controls. Of these, the leukemia inhibitory factor, (LIF), the protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 3 (PTP4A3), and the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) showed a highly significant correlation between expression level and endometrial cancer overall survival (OS) and can stratify the 545 endometrial cancer patients in the TCGA cohort into a high-risk and low-risk-cohorts. Additionally, four genes within the 45 upregulated chemoresistance-associated genes are ADAMTS5, MICAL2, STAT5A, and PTP4A3 codes for proteins for which small-molecule inhibitors already exist. We identified these proteins as molecular targets for chemoresistant endometrial cancer and showed that treatment with their correspondent inhibitors effectively killed otherwise chemoresistant cells. Collectively, these findings underline the utility of matched pair of chemosensitive and chemoresistant cancer cells to identify markers for endometrial cancer risk stratification and to serve as a pharmacogenomics model for identification of alternative chemotherapy approaches for treatment of patients with recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Hellweg
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Room 490, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Heidelberg University Breast Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashley Mooneyham
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Room 490, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zenas Chang
- Department of Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mihir Shetty
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Room 490, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Edith Emmings
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Room 490, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yoshie Iizuka
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Room 490, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher Clark
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Room 490, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy Starr
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Room 490, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Juan H Abrahante
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Gottfried Konecny
- Gynecologic Oncology, Hematology and Oncology Department, UCLA Medical Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Peter Argenta
- Department of Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Room 490, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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14
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Driscoll JJ, Brailey M. Emerging small molecule approaches to enhance the antimyeloma benefit of proteasome inhibitors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:585-598. [PMID: 29052093 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy which, despite recent treatment advances, remains incurable in the vast majority of the over 118,000 patients in the USA afflicted with this disease. Treatment of MM has dramatically improved in the past decade with the introduction of new drugs into therapeutic strategies in both the frontline and relapse settings that has led to a significant improvement in the median overall survival (OS). These drugs have been incorporated into clinical guidelines and transformed the treatment approach to MM. Numerous classes of antimyeloma agents, i.e., alkylators, steroids, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, deactylase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, are now FDA-approved and can be combined in doublet or triplet regimens. Moreover, many patients do not respond to therapy and those that do eventually relapse. Emerging therapies that may overcome drug resistance and improve MM treatment include that inhibit regulatory and Ub-processing components of the proteasome, a specialized variant of the proteasome known as the immunoproteasome, proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACS and Degronomids). Emerging strategies also include accessory plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cells. Advances in understanding proteasome and plasma cell biology may allow for earlier treatment of MM patients using rationally informed combination therapies with curative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Driscoll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA. .,University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Magen Brailey
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.,McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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15
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USP14 is a predictor of recurrence in endometrial cancer and a molecular target for endometrial cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:30962-76. [PMID: 27121063 PMCID: PMC5058731 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Most endometrial cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage and have good prognosis. Unfortunately a subset of patients with early stage and low grade disease experience recurrence for reasons that remain unclear. Recurrence is often accompanied by chemoresistance and high mortality. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are key components of the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway and act as master regulators in a number of metabolic processes including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. DUBs have been shown to be upregulated in a number of human cancers and their aberrant activity has been linked to cancer progression, initiation and onset of chemoresistance. Thus, selective inhibition of DUBs has been proposed as a targeted therapy for cancer treatment. This study suggests the DUB USP14 as a promising biomarker for stratifying endometrial cancer patients at diagnosis based on their risk of recurrence. Further USP14 is expressed along with the marker of proliferation Ki67 in endometrial cancer cells in situ. Lastly, pharmacological targeting of USP14 with the FDA approved small-molecule inhibitor VLX1570, decreases cell viability in chemotherapy resistant endometrial cancer cells with a mechanism consistent with cell cycle arrest and caspase-3 mediated apoptosis.
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16
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Kumari N, Jaynes PW, Saei A, Iyengar PV, Richard JLC, Eichhorn PJA. The roles of ubiquitin modifying enzymes in neoplastic disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:456-483. [PMID: 28923280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The initial experiments performed by Rose, Hershko, and Ciechanover describing the identification of a specific degradation signal in short-lived proteins paved the way to the discovery of the ubiquitin mediated regulation of numerous physiological functions required for cellular homeostasis. Since their discovery of ubiquitin and ubiquitin function over 30years ago it has become wholly apparent that ubiquitin and their respective ubiquitin modifying enzymes are key players in tumorigenesis. The human genome encodes approximately 600 putative E3 ligases and 80 deubiquitinating enzymes and in the majority of cases these enzymes exhibit specificity in sustaining either pro-tumorigenic or tumour repressive responses. In this review, we highlight the known oncogenic and tumour suppressive effects of ubiquitin modifying enzymes in cancer relevant pathways with specific focus on PI3K, MAPK, TGFβ, WNT, and YAP pathways. Moreover, we discuss the capacity of targeting DUBs as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Kumari
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Patrick William Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Azad Saei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | | | - Pieter Johan Adam Eichhorn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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17
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Rastogi N, Duggal S, Singh SK, Porwal K, Srivastava VK, Maurya R, Bhatt MLB, Mishra DP. Proteasome inhibition mediates p53 reactivation and anti-cancer activity of 6-gingerol in cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43310-25. [PMID: 26621832 PMCID: PMC4791234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) expressing E6 and E7 oncoproteins, is known to inactivate the tumor suppressor p53 through proteasomal degradation in cervical cancers. Therefore, use of small molecules for inhibition of proteasome function and induction of p53 reactivation is a promising strategy for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. The polyphenolic alkanone, 6-Gingerol (6G), present in the pungent extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has shown potent anti-tumorigenic and pro-apoptotic activities against a variety of cancers. In this study we explored the molecular mechanism of action of 6G in human cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. 6G potently inhibited proliferation of the HPV positive cervical cancer cells. 6G was found to: (i) inhibit the chymotrypsin activity of proteasomes, (ii) induce reactivation of p53, (iii) increase levels of p21, (iv) induce DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest, (v) alter expression levels of p53-associated apoptotic markers like, cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, and (vi) potentiate the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. 6G treatment induced significant reduction of tumor volume, tumor weight, proteasome inhibition and p53 accumulation in HeLa xenograft tumor cells in vivo. The 6G treatment was devoid of toxic effects as it did not affect body weights, hematological and osteogenic parameters. Taken together, our data underscores the therapeutic and chemosensitizing effects of 6G in the management and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Rastogi
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Shivali Duggal
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Konica Porwal
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - M L B Bhatt
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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18
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Singh N, Singh AB. Deubiquitinases and cancer: A snapshot. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 103:22-6. [PMID: 27211605 PMCID: PMC7128910 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is the vital system for controlling protein degradation and regulation of basic cellular processes. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are emerging as an important regulator of several pathways related to cancer and other diseases. Their ability to detach ubiquitin from the target substrate and regulation of signaling makes it potential target to treat cancer and other fatal diseases. In the current review, we are trying to summarize deubiquitination, and their role in cancer and potential small molecules DUBs inhibitors which can be used as drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
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19
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Vogel RI, Coughlin K, Scotti A, Iizuka Y, Anchoori R, Roden RBS, Marastoni M, Bazzaro M. Simultaneous inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) and autophagy synergistically kills breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4159-70. [PMID: 25784654 PMCID: PMC4414179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women in the United States. Patients expressing the estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2) tumor markers have favorable prognosis and efficacious therapeutic options. In contrast, tumors that are negative for these markers (triple-negative) have a disproportionate share of morbidity and mortality due to lack of a validated molecular target. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a critical component of ubiquitin-proteasome-system degradation and have been shown to be differentially expressed and activated in a number of cancers, including breast, with their aberrant activity linked to cancer prognosis and clinical outcome. We evaluated the effect of the DUB inhibitors b-AP15 and RA-9 alone and in combination with early- and late-stage lysosomal inhibitors on cell viability in a panel of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Our results indicate small-molecule DUB inhibitors have a profound effect on TNBC viability and lead to activation of autophagy as a cellular mechanism to compensate for ubiquitin-proteasome-system stress. Treatment with sub-optimal doses of DUB and lysosome inhibitors synergistically kills TNBC cells. This supports the evaluation of DUB inhibition, in combination with lysosomal inhibition, as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Coughlin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alessandra Scotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yoshie Iizuka
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ravi Anchoori
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mauro Marastoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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20
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Inhibition of proteasome deubiquitinase activity: a strategy to overcome resistance to conventional proteasome inhibitors? Drug Resist Updat 2015; 21-22:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Jandial DD, Blair CA, Zhang S, Krill LS, Zhang YB, Zi X. Molecular targeted approaches to cancer therapy and prevention using chalcones. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2015; 14:181-200. [PMID: 24467530 DOI: 10.2174/1568009614666140122160515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging paradigm shift in oncology that seeks to emphasize molecularly targeted approaches for cancer prevention and therapy. Chalcones (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-ones), naturally-occurring compounds with widespread distribution in spices, tea, beer, fruits and vegetables, consist of open-chain flavonoids in which the two aromatic rings are joined by a three-carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system. Due to their structural diversity, relative ease of chemical manipulation and reaction of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety with cysteine residues in proteins, some lead chalcones from both natural products and synthesis have been identified in a variety of screening assays for modulating important pathways or molecular targets in cancers. These pathways and targets that are affected by chalcones include MDM2/p53, tubulin, proteasome, NF-kappa B, TRIAL/death receptors and mitochondria mediated apoptotic pathways, cell cycle, STAT3, AP-1, NRF2, AR, ER, PPAR-γ and β-catenin/Wnt. Compared to current cancer targeted therapeutic drugs, chalcones have the advantages of being inexpensive, easily available and less toxic; the ease of synthesis of chalcones from substituted benzaldehydes and acetophenones also makes them an attractive drug scaffold. Therefore, this review is focused on molecular targets of chalcones and their potential implications in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Rt.81 Bldg.55 Rm.302, Orange CA 92868, USA.
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22
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Trader DJ, Simanski S, Kodadek T. A reversible and highly selective inhibitor of the proteasomal ubiquitin receptor rpn13 is toxic to multiple myeloma cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6312-9. [PMID: 25914958 PMCID: PMC4455945 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is a multisubunit complex responsible for most nonlysosomal turnover of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Proteasome inhibitors are of great interest clinically, particularly for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Unfortunately, resistance arises almost inevitably to these active site-targeted drugs. One strategy to overcome this resistance is to inhibit other steps in the protein turnover cascade mediated by the proteasome. Previously, Anchoori et al. identified Rpn13 as the target of an electrophilic compound (RA-190) that was selectively toxic to MM cells (Cancer Cell 2013, 24, 791-805), suggesting that this subunit of the proteasome is also a viable cancer drug target. Here we describe the discovery of the first highly selective, reversible Rpn13 ligands and show that they are also selectively toxic to MM cells. These data strongly support the hypothesis that Rpn13 is a viable target for the development of drugs to treat MM and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci J. Trader
- Departments of Chemistry and Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Scott Simanski
- Departments of Chemistry and Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Departments of Chemistry and Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
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23
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Deubiquitinase inhibition as a cancer therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 147:32-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Rivard C, Bazzaro M. Measurement of deubiquitinating enzyme activity via a suicidal HA-Ub-VS probe. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1249:193-200. [PMID: 25348307 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2013-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a novel "drug-able" target for cervical cancer, and small-molecule inhibitors of DUBs are currently being evaluated as novel chemotherapeutic agents. In this chapter, we describe an enzyme activity assay to assess the selectivity of a putative small-molecule DUB inhibitor toward a subset of DUBs in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Rivard
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 395 Mayo, 8395C (Campus Delivery Code), 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA,
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25
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Coughlin K, Anchoori R, Iizuka Y, Meints J, MacNeill L, Vogel RI, Orlowski RZ, Lee MK, Roden RBS, Bazzaro M. Small-molecule RA-9 inhibits proteasome-associated DUBs and ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo via exacerbating unfolded protein responses. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3174-86. [PMID: 24727327 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of the gynecologic malignancies. Carcinogenic progression is accompanied by upregulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation machinery as a mechanism to compensate with elevated endogenous proteotoxic stress. Recent studies support the notion that deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) are essential factors in proteolytic degradation and that their aberrant activity is linked to cancer progression and chemoresistance. Thus, DUBs are an attractive therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The potency and selectivity of RA-9 inhibitor for proteasome-associated DUBs was determined in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cells. The anticancer activity of RA-9 and its mechanism of action were evaluated in multiple cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo in immunodeficient mice bearing an intraperitoneal ES-2 xenograft model of human ovarian cancer. RESULTS Here, we report the characterization of RA-9 as a small-molecule inhibitor of proteasome-associated DUBs. Treatment with RA-9 selectively induces onset of apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cultures derived from donors. Loss of cell viability following RA-9 exposure is associated with an unfolded protein response as mechanism to compensate for unsustainable levels of proteotoxic stress. In vivo treatment with RA-9 retards tumor growth, increases overall survival, and was well tolerated by the host. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical studies support further evaluation of RA-9 as an ovarian cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Coughlin
- Authors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ravi Anchoori
- Authors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TexasAuthors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yoshie Iizuka
- Authors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joyce Meints
- Authors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren MacNeill
- Authors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel Isaksson Vogel
- Authors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Authors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael K Lee
- Authors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Authors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TexasAuthors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TexasAuthors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Authors' Affiliations: Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, Department of Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Knoff J, Yang B, Hung CF, Wu TC. Cervical Cancer: Development of Targeted Therapies Beyond Molecular Pathogenesis. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 3:18-32. [PMID: 24533233 PMCID: PMC3921905 DOI: 10.1007/s13669-013-0068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical cancer. The integration of HPV genes into the host genome causes the upregulation of E6 and E7 oncogenes. E6 and E7 proteins inactivate and degrade tumor suppressors p53 and retinoblastoma, respectively, leading to malignant progression. HPV E6 and E7 antigens are ideal targets for the development of therapies for cervical cancer and precursor lesions because they are constitutively expressed in infected cells and malignant tumors but not in normal cells and they are essential for cell immortalization and transformation. Immunotherapies are being developed to target E6/E7 by eliciting antigen-specific immune responses. siRNA technologies target E6/E7 by modulating the expression of the oncoproteins. Proteasome inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors are being developed to indirectly target E6/E7 by interfering with their oncogenic activities. The ultimate goal for HPV-targeted therapies is the progression through clinical trials to commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Knoff
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Benjamin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - T.-C. Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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27
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Vici P, Mariani L, Pizzuti L, Sergi D, Di Lauro L, Vizza E, Tomao F, Tomao S, Mancini E, Vincenzoni C, Barba M, Maugeri-Saccà M, Giovinazzo G, Venuti A. Emerging biological treatments for uterine cervical carcinoma. J Cancer 2014; 5:86-97. [PMID: 24494026 PMCID: PMC3909763 DOI: 10.7150/jca.7963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the development of new diagnosis, prognostic, and treatment strategies is a major interest for public health. Cisplatin, in combination with external beam irradiation for locally advanced disease, or as monotherapy for recurrent/metastatic disease, has been the cornerstone of treatment for more than two decades. Other investigated cytotoxic therapies include paclitaxel, ifosfamide and topotecan, as single agents or in combination, revealing unsatisfactory results. In recent years, much effort has been made towards evaluating new drugs and developing innovative therapies to treat cervical cancer. Among the most investigated molecular targets are epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways, both playing a critical role in cervical cancer development. Studies with bevacizumab or VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase have given encouraging results in terms of clinical efficacy, without adding significant toxicity. A great number of other molecular agents targeting critical pathways in cervical malignant transformation are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials, reporting preliminary promising data. In the current review, we discuss novel therapeutic strategies which are being investigated for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Vici
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Mariani
- 2. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy ; 3. HPV Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- 2. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Tomao
- 4. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, "La Sapienza" University, V Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- 5. Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Oncology Unit, C.so della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mancini
- 2. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Vincenzoni
- 2. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy ; 6. Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy ; 6. Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giovinazzo
- 7. Department of Radiation Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute,V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Venuti
- 3. HPV Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy ; 8. Laboratory of Virology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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28
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Anchoori RK, Karanam B, Peng S, Wang JW, Jiang R, Tanno T, Orlowski RZ, Matsui W, Zhao M, Rudek MA, Hung CF, Chen X, Walters KJ, Roden RBS. A bis-benzylidine piperidone targeting proteasome ubiquitin receptor RPN13/ADRM1 as a therapy for cancer. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:791-805. [PMID: 24332045 PMCID: PMC3881268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bis-benzylidine piperidone RA190 covalently binds to cysteine 88 of ubiquitin receptor RPN13 in the 19S regulatory particle and inhibits proteasome function, triggering rapid accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. Multiple myeloma (MM) lines, even those resistant to bortezomib, were sensitive to RA190 via endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis. RA190 stabilized targets of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 oncoprotein, and preferentially killed HPV-transformed cells. After oral or intraperitoneal dosing of mice, RA190 distributed to plasma and major organs except the brain and inhibited proteasome function in skin and muscle. RA190 administration profoundly reduced growth of MM and ovarian cancer xenografts, and oral RA190 treatment retarded HPV16(+) syngeneic mouse tumor growth, without affecting spontaneous HPV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses, suggesting its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Anchoori
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Joshua W Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Rosie Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Toshihiko Tanno
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William Matsui
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Chien-fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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29
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Abstract
An elegant paper by Anchoori and colleagues in this issue of Cancer Cell describes an irreversible inhibitor of Rpn13, one of the ubiquitin receptors on the 26S proteasome that is nonessential for proteasome function in most normal tissues, but is overexpressed in many solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei F Kisselev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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30
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Nguyen TK, Iyer NG. Genetic alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: The next-gen sequencing era. World J Med Genet 2013; 3:22-33. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v3.i4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer in the world with approximately 650000 new cases diagnosed annually. Next-generation molecular techniques and results from phase 2 of the Cancer Genome Atlas becoming available have drastically improved our current knowledge on the genetics basis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. New insights and new perspectives on the mutational landscape implicated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma provide improved tools for prognostication. More importantly, depend on the patient’s tumor subtypes and prognosis, deescalated or more aggressive therapy maybe chosen to achieve greater potency while minimizing the toxicity of therapy. This paper aims to review our current knowledge on the genetic mutations and altered molecular pathways in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Some of the most common mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reported by the cancer genome atlas including TP53, NOTCH1, Rb, CDKN2A, Ras, PIK3CA and EGFR are described here. Additionally, the emerging role of epigenetics and the role of human papilloma virus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are also discussed in this review. The molecular pathways, clinical applications, actionable molecular targets and potential therapeutic strategies are highlighted and discussed in details.
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31
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Zandberg DP, Bhargava R, Badin S, Cullen KJ. The role of human papillomavirus in nongenital cancers. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63:57-81. [PMID: 23258613 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, has an established role in the pathogenesis of genital malignancies such as cervical cancer. The virus has also been implicated in the oncogenesis of nongenital cancers including head and neck malignancies (specifically oropharyngeal cancers) as well as anal cancer. There is less clarity regarding its role in lung and esophageal cancers. Worldwide, the incidence and prevalence of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer has been increasing over time. These patients have improved outcomes compared with those with HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancers, and there is continued interest in designing treatments specifically for this HPV-positive subgroup. Clinicians continue to gain an understanding of HPV in anal cancers and the risk factors associated with infection and progression to malignancy. This has potential implications for the eventual screening of high-risk groups. While HPV vaccination is currently approved for the prevention of cervical cancer, it also has potential in the prevention of all HPV-associated malignancies. In this review, current understanding of the role of HPV in nongenital cancers is discussed, as well as future implications for treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan P Zandberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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32
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Issaenko OA, Amerik AY. Erratum to Issaenko OA, et al. Cell Cycle Volume 11, Issue 9; pp. 1804-17. Cell Cycle 2012. [PMCID: PMC3466561 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Issaenko
- Russian Academy of Science; St-Petersburg, Russia
- University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN USA
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33
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Liu D, Zhou P, Zhang L, Zheng Y, He F. HPV16 activates the promoter of Oct4 gene by sequestering HDAC1 from repressor complex to target it to proteasomal degradation. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:531-4. [PMID: 22867868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is the key factor to initiate cervical carcinogenesis and development. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) is an important transcriptional factor which is up-regulated in some cancer cells. Our study showed that the expression of Oct4 might be activated by HPV16 infection. Both the levels of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) were negatively correlated with the level of Oct4 in cervical cancer cells. Moreover, HDAC1 and DNMT3A proteins were in the same complex, the level of which was higher in the presence of HPV16. The treatment with HDAC1 inhibitor reduced the level of this complex, followed by the upregulation of Oct4 expression. Based on these findings and previous reports, we hypothesize that a repressor complex containing methyl CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), DNMT3A and HDAC1 binds to the hyper-methylated regulatory regions of Oct4 gene to facilitate forming a close chromatin which results in the suppression of Oct4 transcription in cervical cells. The oncoproteins of HPV16 synergistically sequester HDAC1 protein from repressor complex, and target it to ubiquitin mediated proteasome degradation. The repressor complex is thus destroyed and the close chromatin is relaxed, which eventually lead to the upregulation of Oct4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite advances in multimodality therapy, the overall 5-year survival rate is 40-50% in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and current multimodality approaches impart significant toxicities. This review highlights promising targets with the potential to improve clinical outcomes in HNSCC. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to mutagenic exposure to tobacco and alcohol as risk factors, recent studies have shown that human papillomavirus is one of the main causes of HNSCC and as such is being investigated as a therapeutic target. Furthermore, recent data generated from whole exome sequencing of HNSCC, new insights into the biology of DNA damage repair, and increased understanding of tumor hypoxia responses are pointing to new therapeutic possibilities for treating HNSCC. SUMMARY HNSCC is a heterogeneous disease. Improved treatment will require a rapid translation of basic science research, and the simultaneous development of novel therapeutics and corresponding biomarkers to guide their application.
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the most frightful diseases mostly resulting in mortality; it has recently become more possible to overcome with the help of new therapies. In this direction, carcinogenesis is defined as a complicated process that can include several different factors that contribute to its progress. Proteasome is implicated in cancer studies as it is the main degradation system for oxidatively damaged proteins and also for several proteins playing a role in the cell cycle and transcription, which are important for cancer improvement. Because of this crucial role of proteasome in cancer development, myriad in vitro and in vivo studies have focused on the proteasome in different cancer cases. In this chapter, the involvement of proteasome in the degradation of cancer-related proteins is explained with the results of representative studies. Related to these proteins, the use of proteasome inhibitors in cancer treatment is reviewed.
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