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Hajebi Khaniki S, Shokoohi F, Esmaily H, Kerachian MA. Analyzing aberrant DNA methylation in colorectal cancer uncovered intangible heterogeneity of gene effects in the survival time of patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22104. [PMID: 38092774 PMCID: PMC10719305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) involves epigenetic alterations. Irregular gene-methylation alteration causes and advances CRC tumor growth. Detecting differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in CRC and patient survival time paves the way to early cancer detection and prognosis. However, CRC data including survival times are heterogeneous. Almost all studies tend to ignore the heterogeneity of DMG effects on survival. To this end, we utilized a sparse estimation method in the finite mixture of accelerated failure time (AFT) regression models to capture such heterogeneity. We analyzed a dataset of CRC and normal colon tissues and identified 3406 DMGs. Analysis of overlapped DMGs with several Gene Expression Omnibus datasets led to 917 hypo- and 654 hyper-methylated DMGs. CRC pathways were revealed via gene ontology enrichment. Hub genes were selected based on Protein-Protein-Interaction network including SEMA7A, GATA4, LHX2, SOST, and CTLA4, regulating the Wnt signaling pathway. The relationship between identified DMGs/hub genes and patient survival time uncovered a two-component mixture of AFT regression model. The genes NMNAT2, ZFP42, NPAS2, MYLK3, NUDT13, KIRREL3, and FKBP6 and hub genes SOST, NFATC1, and TLE4 were associated with survival time in the most aggressive form of the disease that can serve as potential diagnostic targets for early CRC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Hajebi Khaniki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Farhad Shokoohi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wang H, Wang W, Wang Z, Li X. Transcriptomic correlates of cell cycle checkpoints with distinct prognosis, molecular characteristics, immunological regulation, and therapeutic response in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291859. [PMID: 38143740 PMCID: PMC10749195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD), accounting for the most common subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC), is a kind of malignant digestive tumor. Some cell cycle checkpoints (CCCs) have been found to contribute to CRC progression, whereas the functional roles of a lot of CCCs, especially the integrated role of checkpoint mechanism in the cell cycle, remain unclear. Materials and methods The Genomic Data Commons (GDC) The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) COAD cohort was retrieved as the training dataset, and GSE24551 and GSE29623 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) as the validation datasets. A total of 209 CCC-related genes were derived from the Gene Ontology Consortium and were subsequently enrolled in the univariate, multivariate, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses, finally defining a CCC signature. Cell proliferation and Transwell assay analyses were utilized to evaluate the functional roles of signature-related CCCs. The underlying CCC signature, molecular characteristics, immune-related features, and therapeutic response were finally estimated. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database was employed for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic responses. Results The aberrant gene expression of CCCs greatly contributed to COAD development and progression. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified 27 CCC-related genes significantly affecting the overall survival (OS) of COAD patients; subsequently, LASSO analysis determined a novel CCC signature. Noticeably, CDK5RAP2, MAD1L1, NBN, RGCC, and ZNF207 were first identified to be correlated with the prognosis of COAD, and it was proven that all of them were significantly correlated with the proliferation and invasion of HCT116 and SW480 cells. In TCGA COAD cohort, CCC signature robustly stratified COAD patients into high and low CCC score groups (median OS: 57.24 months vs. unreached, p< 0.0001), simultaneously, with the good AUC values for OS prediction at 1, 2, and 3 years were 0.74, 0.78, and 0.77. Furthermore, the prognostic capacity of the CCC signature was verified in the GSE24551 and GSE29623 datasets, and the CCC signature was independent of clinical features. Moreover, a higher CCC score always indicated worse OS, regardless of clinical features, histological subtypes, or molecular subgroups. Intriguingly, functional enrichment analysis confirmed the CCC score was markedly associated with extracellular, matrix and immune (chemokine)-related signaling, cell cycle-related signaling, and metabolisms. Impressively, a higher CCC score was positively correlated with a majority of chemokines, receptors, immunostimulators, and anticancer immunity, indicating a relatively immune-promoting microenvironment. In addition, GSE173839, GSE25066, GSE41998, and GSE194040 dataset analyses of the underlying CCC signature suggested that durvalumab with olaparib and paclitaxel, taxane-anthracycline chemotherapy, neoadjuvant cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin with ixabepilone or paclitaxel, and immunotherapeutic strategies might be suitable for COAD patients with higher CCC score. Eventually, the GDSC database analysis showed that lower CCC scores were likely to be more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil, bosutinib, gemcitabine, gefitinib, methotrexate, mitomycin C, and temozolomide, while patients with higher CCC score seemed to have a higher level of sensitivity to bortezomib and elesclomol. Conclusion The novel CCC signature exhibited a good ability for prognosis prediction for COAD patients, and the CCC score was found to be highly correlated with molecular features, immune-related characteristics, and therapeutic responses, which would greatly promote clinical management and precision medicine for COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Yangpu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Kenneth MJ, Shishir TA, Haque FKM. In silico analysis reveals mir-98-5p as a potential inhibitor of tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer by targeting the fzd3 receptor of the Wnt signaling pathway. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:79. [PMID: 37466730 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer type and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, the existing treatment, as well as prognosis strategies for CRC patients, need to be improved in order to increase the chance of survival. Targeted therapies of CRC, as opposed to ordinary therapies, target key biological features and pathways of cancerous cells hence minimizing the subsequent damage to normal cells. MicroRNAs have been reported to play a crucial role in inhibiting and/or suppressing major pathways in various cancer types by targeting transcripts of key genes in such pathways. METHODS The purpose of this study was to analyze in silico the differentially expressed genes from five microarray datasets of patients with CRC. Furthermore, miRNAs were investigated to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting a key gene-frizzled receptor 3 (FZD3) in the Wnt signaling pathway. RESULTS The Wnt pathway receptor FZD3 is upregulated in CRC along with other pathway genes, which play a critical role in tumorigenesis. In contrast, miR-98-5p inhibits the activity of FZD3 by binding directly to the 3'UTR of its mRNA, therefore exerting a suppressor effect on colorectal tumors. CONCLUSION The study reveals miR-98-5p as a novel target of FZD3 and an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway hence being a potential candidate for developing targeted therapies against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutebi John Kenneth
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Mohakhali, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tushar Ahmed Shishir
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Mohakhali, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahim Kabir Monjurul Haque
- Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Mohakhali, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Fu X, Wang Q, Du H, Hao H. CXCL8 and the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian and gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159061. [PMID: 37377954 PMCID: PMC10291199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL8 is the most representative chemokine produced autocrine or paracrine by tumor cells, endothelial cells and lymphocytes. It can play a key role in normal tissues and tumors by activating PI3K-Akt, PLC, JAK-STAT, and other signaling pathways after combining with CXCR1/2. The incidence of peritoneal metastasis in ovarian and gastric cancer is extremely high. The structure of the peritoneum and various peritoneal-related cells supports the peritoneal metastasis of cancers, which readily produces a poor prognosis, low 5-year survival rate, and the death of patients. Studies show that CXCL8 is excessively secreted in a variety of cancers. Thus, this paper will further elaborate on the mechanism of CXCL8 and the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian and gastric cancer to provide a theoretical basis for the proposal of new methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer peritoneal metastasis.
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Huang J, Zhou M, Zhang H, Fang Y, Chen G, Wen J, Liu L. Characterization of the mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis on reversing radio-resistance in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 24:101488. [PMID: 35872478 PMCID: PMC9307497 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) has been shown to improve the therapeutic effects of colorectal cancer (CRC) and perform well for reversing radio-resistance in different cancers. However, its potential function and mechanism related to radio-resistance in CRC has not been explored. A radio-resistant human CRC cell line (HCT116R) was applied. A network pharmacological analysis was performed to reveal the potential mechanism of SB for reversing radio-resistance in CRC, and computational pathological analysis was applied to indicate the clinicopathological significance of the key targets. Then, our hypothesis was further verified by molecular docking. The network pharmacology analysis showed that wogonin is the key compound of SB for reversing the radio-resistance of CRC. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the genes for SB that reverse radio-resistance in CRC are mainly involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis. An enrichment analysis pointed out that Sulfotransferase family 2B member 1 (SULT2B1) is a potentially vital gene. SULT2B1 was demonstrated as being highly expressed in CRC and upregulated in radio-resistant rectal tissues or cell lines. A CCK-8 and clone formation test showed that the viability and clone formation ability of HCT116R were significantly decreased by wogonin combined with radiotherapy, compared to radiotherapy alone. By contrast, flow cytometry revealed that the apoptosis of HCT116R was significantly increased when wogonin treatment combined with radiotherapy, compared with radiotherapy alone. Molecular docking verification indicated that SULT2B1 and wogonin have a good binding ability. Taken together, SULT2B1 may be the potential drug target in treating radio-resistant CRC. Wogonin may be the core compound of SB for reversing radio-resistance in CRC by targeting SULT2B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Huang
- Department of Drug Toxicology, College of Pharmacy of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Yeying Fang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China.
| | - Jiaying Wen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China.
| | - LiMin Liu
- Department of Drug Toxicology, College of Pharmacy of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China.
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Cooke M, Kazanietz MG. Overarching roles of diacylglycerol signaling in cancer development and antitumor immunity. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabo0264. [PMID: 35412850 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a lipid second messenger that is generated in response to extracellular stimuli and channels intracellular signals that affect mammalian cell proliferation, survival, and motility. DAG exerts a myriad of biological functions through protein kinase C (PKC) and other effectors, such as protein kinase D (PKD) isozymes and small GTPase-regulating proteins (such as RasGRPs). Imbalances in the fine-tuned homeostasis between DAG generation by phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes and termination by DAG kinases (DGKs), as well as dysregulation in the activity or abundance of DAG effectors, have been widely associated with tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. DAG is also a key orchestrator of T cell function and thus plays a major role in tumor immunosurveillance. In addition, DAG pathways shape the tumor ecosystem by arbitrating the complex, dynamic interaction between cancer cells and the immune landscape, hence representing powerful modifiers of immune checkpoint and adoptive T cell-directed immunotherapy. Exploiting the wide spectrum of DAG signals from an integrated perspective could underscore meaningful advances in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Fernandes MT, Yassuda V, Bragança J, Link W, Ferreira BI, De Sousa-Coelho AL. Tribbles Gene Expression Profiles in Colorectal Cancer. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2021; 3:218-236. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/gidisord3040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death due to cancer in the world. Therefore, the identification of novel druggable targets is urgently needed. Tribbles proteins belong to a pseudokinase family, previously recognized in CRC as oncogenes and potential therapeutic targets. Here, we analyzed the expression of TRIB1, TRIB2, and TRIB3 simultaneously in 33 data sets from CRC based on available GEO profiles. We show that all three Tribbles genes are overrepresented in CRC cell lines and primary tumors, though depending on specific features of the CRC samples. Higher expression of TRIB2 in the tumor microenvironment and TRIB3 overexpression in an early stage of CRC development, unveil a potential and unexplored role for these proteins in the context of CRC. Differential Tribbles expression was also explored in diverse cellular experimental conditions where either genetic or pharmacological approaches were used, providing novel hints for future research. This comprehensive bioinformatic analysis provides new insights into Tribbles gene expression and transcript regulation in CRC.
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8
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Tribbles Gene Expression Profiles in Colorectal Cancer. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord3040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death due to cancer in the world. Therefore, the identification of novel druggable targets is urgently needed. Tribbles proteins belong to a pseudokinase family, previously recognized in CRC as oncogenes and potential therapeutic targets. Here, we analyzed the expression of TRIB1, TRIB2, and TRIB3 simultaneously in 33 data sets from CRC based on available GEO profiles. We show that all three Tribbles genes are overrepresented in CRC cell lines and primary tumors, though depending on specific features of the CRC samples. Higher expression of TRIB2 in the tumor microenvironment and TRIB3 overexpression in an early stage of CRC development, unveil a potential and unexplored role for these proteins in the context of CRC. Differential Tribbles expression was also explored in diverse cellular experimental conditions where either genetic or pharmacological approaches were used, providing novel hints for future research. This comprehensive bioinformatic analysis provides new insights into Tribbles gene expression and transcript regulation in CRC.
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9
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He X, Meng F, Yu ZJ, Zhu XJ, Qin LY, Wu XR, Liu ZL, Li Y, Zheng YF. PLCD1 Suppressed Cellular Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration via Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:442-451. [PMID: 32236884 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipase C delta 1 (PLCD1) has been found to be abnormally expressed in various cancers. However, the potential roles of PLCD1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are still unknown. METHODS Western blot and qPCR were used to explore PLCD1 expression in various ESCC cells. MTT, colony formation assays, wound-healing assay, and transwell cell invasion assay were used to examine the cell viability in vitro. Western blot, qPCR, and luciferase assays were used to investigate the effects of PLCD1 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The xenograft models in nude mice were established to explore the roles of PLCD1 in vivo. RESULTS We found that the expression of PLCD1 in ESCC cells was significantly downregulated than that in normal esophageal epithelial cells. In addition, upregulation of PLCD1 decreased the capacity of TE-1 and EC18 cells in proliferation, invasion, and migration. Then, the expression of β-catenin/p-β-catenin, C-myc, cyclin D1, MMP9, and MMP7 was investigated. PLCD1 activity was found to be negatively associated with the expression of β-catenin, C-myc, cyclin D1, MMP9, and MMP7. Finally, the activity of PLCD1 in inhibiting ESCC proliferation in vivo was validated. CONCLUSION The inhibitory effects of PLCD1 on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TE-1 and EC18 cells might be associated with inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PLCD1 played a key role in inhibiting ESCC carcinogenesis and progression in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jangxi Province, China
| | - Fan Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jangxi Province, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Xiong-Jie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Ling-Yu Qin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zhi-le Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yan-Fang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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10
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Zhang Q, Yin Y, Zhao H, Shi Y, Zhang W, Yang Z, Liu T, Huang Y, Yu Z. P4HA1 regulates human colorectal cancer cells through HIF1α-mediated Wnt signaling. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:145. [PMID: 33552264 PMCID: PMC7798045 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy that is associated with high levels of mortality. CRCs are often associated with an aberrant wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family (Wnt) signaling pathway known to be responsible for tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Other factors that contribute to CRC pathology include hypoxia, extracellular matrix and cellular microenvironment. In the present study, modulation of Wnt, a common molecular progenitor for CRC-associated pathology was evaluated. CRC tissues and specific cell lines were found to exhibit increased expression levels of prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit α1 (P4HA1). P4HA1 expression was found to stabilize hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF1α). The silencing of P4HA1 resulted in decreased cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, decreased tumorsphere formation, decreased tumorsphere volume, increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil and increased caspase-3 activity. However, P4HA1 silencing resulted in the activation and thus proteasomal degradation of β-catenin, indicative of the abrogation of Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt is a critical signaling pathway and is activated in most CRCs. HIF1α is a poor prognostic marker in CRC. The present study provided preliminary evidence that HIF1α and the Wnt signaling pathway in CRC are modulated through P4HA1. P4HA1 may serve not just as a biomarker for CRC prognosis but may also be targeted for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Scientific Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Hongye Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengpeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Zhanjiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
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Adiga D, Radhakrishnan R, Chakrabarty S, Kumar P, Kabekkodu SP. The Role of Calcium Signaling in Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 211:134-156. [PMID: 33316804 DOI: 10.1159/000512277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial advances in the field of cancer therapeutics, metastasis is a significant challenge for a favorable clinical outcome. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process of acquiring increased motility, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance by cancer cells for their sustained growth and survival. A plethora of intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic microenvironmental factors drive the process of cancer metastasis. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a critical role in dictating the adaptive metastatic cell behavior comprising of cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and intravasation. By modulating EMT, Ca2+ signaling can regulate the complexity and dynamics of events leading to metastasis. This review summarizes the role of Ca2+ signal remodeling in the regulation of EMT and metastasis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India, .,Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India,
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Owusu Obeng E, Rusciano I, Marvi MV, Fazio A, Ratti S, Follo MY, Xian J, Manzoli L, Billi AM, Mongiorgi S, Ramazzotti G, Cocco L. Phosphoinositide-Dependent Signaling in Cancer: A Focus on Phospholipase C Isozymes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072581. [PMID: 32276377 PMCID: PMC7177890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PI) form just a minor portion of the total phospholipid content in cells but are significantly involved in cancer development and progression. In several cancer types, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] play significant roles in regulating survival, proliferation, invasion, and growth of cancer cells. Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) catalyze the generation of the essential second messengers diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (InsP3) by hydrolyzing PtdIns(4,5)P2. DAG and InsP3 regulate Protein Kinase C (PKC) activation and the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol, respectively. This event leads to the control of several important biological processes implicated in cancer. PLCs have been extensively studied in cancer but their regulatory roles in the oncogenic process are not fully understood. This review aims to provide up-to-date knowledge on the involvement of PLCs in cancer. We focus specifically on PLCβ, PLCγ, PLCδ, and PLCε isoforms due to the numerous evidence of their involvement in various cancer types.
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Ibáňez Gaspar V, Catozzi S, Ternet C, Luthert PJ, Kiel C. Analysis of Ras-effector interaction competition in large intestine and colorectal cancer context. Small GTPases 2020; 12:209-225. [PMID: 32057289 PMCID: PMC7939564 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1724596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the five most common cancers. The small GTPase KRAS is an oncogene that is mutated in ~30% of all CRCs. Pharmacological treatments of CRC are currently unsatisfactory, but much hope rests on network-centric approaches to drug development and cancer treatment. These approaches, however, require a better understanding of how networks downstream of Ras oncoproteins are connected in a particular tissue context – here colon and CRC. Previously we have shown that competition for binding to a ‘hub’ protein, such as Ras, can induce a rewiring of signal transduction networks. In this study, we analysed 56 established and predicted effectors that contain a structural domain with the potential ability to bind to Ras oncoproteins and their link to pathways coordinating intestinal homoeostasis and barrier function. Using protein concentrations in colon tissue and Ras-effector binding affinities, a computational network model was generated that predicted how effectors differentially and competitively bind to Ras in colon context. The model also predicted both qualitative and quantitative changes in Ras-effector complex formations with increased levels of active Ras – to simulate its upregulation in cancer – simply as an emergent property of competition for the same binding interface on the surface of Ras. We also considered how the number of Ras-effector complexes at the membrane can be increased by additional domains present in some effectors that are recruited to the membrane in response to specific conditions (inputs/stimuli/growth factors) in colon context and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ibáňez Gaspar
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Simona Catozzi
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Camille Ternet
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Philip J Luthert
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, and NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Kiel
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Xie Z, Wang B, Chai Y, Chen J. Estimation of associations between 10 common gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:318-321. [PMID: 31767616 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Associations between polymorphisms in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/mannose-binding lectin (MBL)/interleukin-4 (IL-4)/interleukin-6 (IL-6)/phospholipase C ε-1 (PLCE1) and gastric cancer (GC) were already reported by many studies, yet the conclusions of these studies were somehow controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to better clarify associations between polymorphisms in CTLA-4/MBL/IL-4/IL-6/PLCE1 and GC by combing the results of all relevant studies. METHODS Eligible studies were searched from PubMed, Embase, WOS and CNKI. We used Review Manager to combine the results of individual studies. RESULTS Forty-three studies were included in this meta-analysis. Combined results revealed that CTLA-4 rs5742909 (dominant comparison: OR: 1.58, 95 % CI: 1.01 to 2.48; allele comparison: OR: 1.69, 95 % CI: 1.12 to 2.56) and PLCE1 rs2274223 (dominant comparison: OR: 0.84, 95 % CI: 0.72 to 0.98; recessive comparison: OR: 1.23, 95 % CI: 1.08 to 1.40; over-dominant comparison: OR: 1.16, 95 % CI: 1.00 to 1.34; allele comparison: OR 0.88, 95 % CI 0.78 to 0.99) polymorphisms were significantly associated with GC in the general population. We also obtained similar significant associations with GC for rs5742909 and rs2274223 polymorphisms in East Asians. Nevertheless, no positive results were observed for the other eight investigated polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Collectively, this meta-analysis demonstrated that CTLA-4 rs5742909 and PLCE1 rs2274223 polymorphisms may confer susceptibility to GC, especially for East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjing Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Zhucheng, Shandong, China
| | - Bingmei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Zhucheng, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjie Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Zhucheng, Shandong, China
| | - Junyin Chen
- Department of Digestive, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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15
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PLCε regulates prostate cancer mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and migration via upregulation of Twist1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:337. [PMID: 31383001 PMCID: PMC6683382 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic rewiring is a common feature of many cancer types, including prostate cancer (PCa). Alterations in master genes lead to mitochondrial metabolic rewiring and provide an appealing target to inhibit cancer progression and improve survival. Phospholipase C (PLC)ε is a regulator of tumor generation and progression. However, its role in mitochondrial metabolism remains unclear. Methods The GEO, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the GTEx databases were used to determine Twist1 mRNA levels in tumors and their non-tumor counterparts. Fifty-five PCa and 48 benign prostatic hypertrophy tissue samples were tested for the presence of PLCε and Twist1 immunohistochemically. An association between PLCε and Twist1 was determined by Pearson’s correlation analysis. PLCε was knocked down with a lentiviral short hairpin RNA. Mitochondrial activity was assessed by measuring the oxygen consumption rate. Western blotting analyses were used to measure levels of PPARβ, Twist1, phosphorylated (p)-Twist1, p-MEK, p-ERK, p-P38, and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Cells were treated with inhibitors of MEK, JNK, and P38 MAPK, and an agonist and inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) β, to evaluate which signaling pathways were involved in PLCε-mediated Twist1 expression. The stability of Twist1 was determined after blocking protein synthesis with cycloheximide. Reporter assays utilized E-cadherin or N-cadherin luciferase reporters under depletion of PLCε or Twist1. Transwell assays assessed cell migration. Finally, a nude mouse tumor xenograft assay was conducted to verify the role of PLCε in tumor formation. Results Our findings revealed that the expression of PLCε was positively associated with Twist1 in clinical PCa samples. PLCε knockdown promoted mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in PCa cells. Mechanistically, PLCε increased phosphorylation of Twist1 and stabilized the Twist1 protein through MAPK signaling. The transcriptional activity of Twist1, and the Twist1-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and transcription regulation, were suppressed by PLCε knockdown and by blocking PPARβ nuclear translocation. The tumor xenograft assay demonstrated that PLCε depletion diminished PCa cell tumorigenesis. Conclusions These findings reveal an undiscovered physiological role for PLCε in the suppression of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism that has significant implications for understanding PCa occurrence and migration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1323-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16
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Yu J, Zheng Y, Han XP, Peng H, Pang LJ, Li F, Chen Y, Cui X. Three-gene immunohistochemical panel predicts progression and unfavorable prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2019; 88:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Nariman-Saleh-Fam Z, Saadatian Z, Nariman-Saleh-Fam L, Ouladsahebmadarek E, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Bastami M. An Association and Meta-Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Associated with PLCE1 rs2274223, C20orf54 rs13042395 and RUNX1 rs2014300 Polymorphisms. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:681-692. [PMID: 30666517 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the highest risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the world has been reported in Iran, which is located in the Asian esophageal cancer belt. ESCC constitutes 90% of the esophageal cancer cases in Iran. Genome wide association studies (GWASs) in Chinese have identified a number of candidate variants, of which PLCE1rs2274223, C20orf54rs13042395 and RUNX1rs2014300 are studied in high risk populations including Chinese, Caucasians and Africans. However, results are inconsistent and it is unknown whether similar associations exist in Iranian population. We evaluated association of three GWAS identified variants with risk of ESCC in an Iranian cohort consisted of 200 ESCC patients and 300 healthy controls and conducted meta-analysis of ESCC risk associated with rs2274223 (involving 9810 cases and 13,128 controls) and rs13042395 (involving 2363 cases and 5329 controls). Logistic regression analysis showed that rs2274223 was associated with ESCC under codominant [GG/AA, 2.47(1.17-5.23), P:0.021], dominant [AG + GG/AA, 1.57(1.09-2.27), P:0.016], recessive [GG/AA+AG, 2.18(1.04-4.56), P:0.036] and log-additive models [1.51(1.12-2.02), P:0.006]. C20orf54 rs13042395 was not associated with ESCC under any genetic model. RUNX1 rs2014300 was associated with risk of ESCC assuming codominant [AG/GG, 0.63(0.41-0.97), P:0.018], dominant [AG + AA/GG, 0.59 (0.39-0.89), P:0.010] and log-additive models [0.61 (0.42-0.87), P: 0.005]. Meta-analysis found significant associations between rs2274223 and ESCC under all analyzed genetic models. However, meta-analysis stratified by ethnicity showed a significant association in Asians but not non-Asian populations. No significant association was found for rs13042395 in meta-analysis. This study provided first evidence for association of GWAS-identified variants with risk of ESCC in an Iranian cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Saadatian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lida Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Ouladsahebmadarek
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Bastami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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Liao X, Han C, Qin W, Liu X, Yu L, Zhu G, Yu T, Lu S, Su H, Liu Z, Chen Z, Yang C, Huang K, Liu Z, Liang Y, Huang J, Dong J, Li L, Qin X, Ye X, Xiao K, Peng M, Peng T. PLCE1 polymorphisms and expression combined with serum AFP level predicts survival of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatectomy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29202-29219. [PMID: 28418898 PMCID: PMC5438724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the phospholipase C epsilon (PLCE) 1 gene play a crucial role in the development and progression of several types of cancer. The present study investigated the prognostic significance of PLCE1 gene polymorphisms and expression combined with serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by sequencing DNA isolated from surgically resected tumor samples of 421 HBV-related HCC patients, and expression profiles were generated based on the GSE14520 dataset. A joint-effects analysis of PLCE1 haplotypes (Ars2274223Crs3765524; Grs2274223Trs3765524) with AFP level stratified at 20 ng/ml showed a significant association with overall survival(OS) of HBV-related HCC patients(log-rank P=0.0003). Patients with AC and GT haplotypes with AFP level ≥ 20 ng/ml had an increased risk of death as compared to those with the AC haplotype and AFP level < 20 ng/ml (adjusted P=0.029 and 0.041, respectively). Patients with the GT haplotype and AFP level < 20 ng/ml also had an increased risk of death, although with a non-significant P value (adjusted P=0.092). Joint-effects analysis of PLCE1 mRNA expression with serum AFP level stratified at 300 ng/ml was significantly associated with HBV-related HCC recurrence and OS. Our results demonstrate that PLCE1 haplotypes (including rs2274223 and rs3765524) and expression combined with serum AFP level may predict postoperative outcome of HBV-related HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Sicong Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jianlu Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530031, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Kaiyin Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Minhao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
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Wei L, Shao M, Zhao Y, Zheng J, Chu J, Chang J, Cheng X, Cui Q, Peng L, Luo Y, Tan W, Tan W, Lin D, Wu C. Functional role of PLCE1 intronic insertion variant associated with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2017; 39:191-201. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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20
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Hamann BL, Blind RD. Nuclear phosphoinositide regulation of chromatin. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:107-123. [PMID: 28256711 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid signaling has clear connections to a wide array of cellular processes, particularly in gene expression and in controlling the chromatin biology of cells. However, most of the work elucidating how phospholipid signaling pathways contribute to cellular physiology have studied cytoplasmic membranes, while relatively little attention has been paid to the role of phospholipid signaling in the nucleus. Recent work from several labs has shown that nuclear phospholipid signaling can have important roles that are specific to this cellular compartment. This review focuses on the nuclear phospholipid functions and the activities of phospholipid signaling enzymes that regulate metazoan chromatin and gene expression. In particular, we highlight the roles that nuclear phosphoinositides play in several nuclear-driven physiological processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression. Taken together, the recent discovery of several specifically nuclear phospholipid functions could have dramatic impact on our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that enable tight control of cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree L Hamann
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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21
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Tyutyunnykova A, Telegeev G, Dubrovska A. The controversial role of phospholipase C epsilon (PLCε) in cancer development and progression. J Cancer 2017; 8:716-729. [PMID: 28382133 PMCID: PMC5381159 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes are important regulators of membrane phospholipid metabolism. PLC proteins can be activated by the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) or G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) in response to the different extracellular stimuli including hormones and growth factors. Activated PLC enzymes hydrolyze phosphoinositides to increase the intracellular level of Ca2+ and produce diacylglycerol, which are important mediators of the intracellular signaling transduction. PLC family includes 13 isozymes belonging to 6 subfamilies according to their domain structures and functions. Although importance of PLC enzymes for key cellular functions is well established, the PLC proteins belonging to the ε, ζ and η subfamilies were identified and characterized only during the last decade. As a largest known PLC protein, PLCε is involved in a variety of signaling pathways and controls different cellular properties. Nevertheless, its role in carcinogenesis remains elusive. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the experimental and clinical data about the role of PLCε in the development and progression of the different types of human and experimental tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tyutyunnykova
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gennady Telegeev
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Cai S, Sun PH, Resaul J, Shi L, Jiang A, Satherley LK, Davies EL, Ruge F, Douglas-Jones A, Jiang WG, Ye L. Expression of phospholipase C isozymes in human breast cancer and their clinical significance. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1707-1715. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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23
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Nomikos M, Thanassoulas A, Beck K, Theodoridou M, Kew J, Kashir J, Calver BL, Matthews E, Rizkallah P, Sideratou Z, Nounesis G, Lai FA. Mutations in PLCδ1 associated with hereditary leukonychia display divergent PIP2 hydrolytic function. FEBS J 2016; 283:4502-4514. [PMID: 27783455 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary leukonychia is a rare genetic nail disorder characterized by distinctive whitening of the nail plate of all 20 nails. Hereditary leukonychia may exist as an isolated feature, or in simultaneous occurrence with other cutaneous or systemic pathologies. Associations between hereditary leukonychia and mutations in the gene encoding phospholipase C delta-1 (PLCδ1) have previously been identified. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PLCδ1 mutations and hereditary leukonychia remain uncharacterized. In the present study, we introduced hereditary leukonychia-linked human PLCδ1 mutations (C209R, A574T and S740R) into equivalent residues of rat PLCδ1 (C188R, A553T and S719R), and investigated their effect on the biophysical and biochemical properties of the PLCδ1 protein. Our data suggest that these PLCδ1 mutations associated with hereditary leukonychia do not uniformly alter the enzymatic ability of this protein leading to loss/gain of function, but result in significantly divergent enzymatic properties. We demonstrate here for the first time the importance of PLC-mediated calcium (Ca2+ ) signalling within the manifestation of hereditary leukonychia. PLCδ1 is almost ubiquitous in mammalian cells, which may explain why hereditary leukonychia manifests in association with other systemic pathologies relating to keratin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Nomikos
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | | | - Konrad Beck
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Maria Theodoridou
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Jasmine Kew
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Junaid Kashir
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian L Calver
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Emily Matthews
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Pierre Rizkallah
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Zili Sideratou
- National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - George Nounesis
- National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - F Anthony Lai
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
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24
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Ezgi O, Merve A, Hakan YT, Gül Ö. Genetic Variations in Phospholipase C-epsilon 1 (PLCE1) and Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer Risk. Biochem Genet 2016; 54:826-829. [PMID: 27383248 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality and causes almost a million deaths worldwide each year. Genetic and environmental factors have gained importance in CRC as well as other types of cancer due to contribution to development of malignancies. Phosholipase C-epsilon 1 PLCE1 is one of the phospholipase family of enzymes and controls cellular responses leading to cell growth, differentiation and gene expression. Therefore, it was evaluated the effects of PLCE1 variations on developing CRC. Rs2274223 was significantly associated with CRC risk (OR = 2.018) while rs3765524 did not significantly differ (p > 0.05). The findings are the first results of PLCE1 profiles in the Turkish and could provide an understanding of aetiology in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oztas Ezgi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arici Merve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yanar Teoman Hakan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özhan Gül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Alexiadis M, Chu S, Leung D, Gould JA, Jobling T, Fuller PJ. Transcriptomic analysis of stage 1 versus advanced adult granulosa cell tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 7:14207-19. [PMID: 26893359 PMCID: PMC4924709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are hormonally-active neoplasms characterized, in the adult-subtype, by a mutation in the FOXL2 gene (C134W). They exhibit an indolent course with an unexplained propensity for late recurrence; ~80% of patients with aggressive, advanced stage tumors die from their disease; aside from surgery, therapeutic options are limited. To identify the molecular basis of advanced stage disease we have used whole transcriptome analysis of FOXL2 C134W mutation positive adult (a)GCT to identify genes that are differentially expressed between early (stage 1) and advanced (stage 3) aGCT. Transcriptome profiles for early (n = 6) and stage 3 (n = 6) aGCT, and for the aGCT-derived KGN, cell line identified 24 genes whose expression significantly differs between the early and stage 3 aGCT. Of these, 16 were more abundantly expressed in the stage 3 aGCT and 8 were higher in the stage 1 tumors. These changes were further examined for the genes which showed the greatest fold change: the cytokine CXCL14, microfibrillar-associated protein 5, insulin-like 3 and desmin. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis identified overexpression of genes on chromosome 7p15 which includes the homeobox A gene locus. The analysis therefore identifies a small number of genes with clearly discriminate patterns of expression arguing that the clinicopathological-derived distinction of the tumor stage is robust, whilst confirming the relative homogeneity of expression for many genes across the cohort and hence of aGCT. The expression profiles do however identify several overexpressed genes in both stage 1 and/or stage 3 aGCT which warrant further study as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alexiadis
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (formerly Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Simon Chu
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (formerly Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Monash University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Dilys Leung
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (formerly Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Monash University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jodee A. Gould
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (formerly Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- MHTP Medical Genomics Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Tom Jobling
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Peter J. Fuller
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (formerly Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Monash University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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An Optimization-Driven Analysis Pipeline to Uncover Biomarkers and Signaling Paths: Cervix Cancer. MICROARRAYS 2015; 4:287-310. [PMID: 26388997 PMCID: PMC4573573 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays4020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Establishing how a series of potentially important genes might relate to each other is relevant to understand the origin and evolution of illnesses, such as cancer. High-throughput biological experiments have played a critical role in providing information in this regard. A special challenge, however, is that of trying to conciliate information from separate microarray experiments to build a potential genetic signaling path. This work proposes a two-step analysis pipeline, based on optimization, to approach meta-analysis aiming to build a proxy for a genetic signaling path.
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Zhao L, Wei ZB, Yang CQ, Chen JJ, Li D, Ji AF, Ma L. Effects of PLCE1 gene silencing by RNA interference on cell cycling and apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5437-42. [PMID: 25041015 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.13.5437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most malignancies with a poor prognosis. The phospholipase C? gene (PLCE1) encodes a novel ras-related protein effector mediating the effects of R-Ras on the actin cytoskeleton and membrane protrusion. However, molecular mechanisms pertinent to ESCC are unclear. We therefore designed PLCE1-special small interfering RNA and transfected to esophageal squamous cell (EC) 9706 cells to investigate the effects of PLCE1 gene silencing on the cell cycle and apoptosis of ESCC and indicate its important role in the development of ESCC. Esophageal cancer tissue specimens and normal esophageal mucosa were obtained and assayed by immunohistochemical staining to confirm overexpression of PLCE1 in neoplasias. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine transfection efficiency, while the result of PLCE1 silencing was examined by reverse transcription (RT-PCR). Flow cytometry and annexin V apoptosis assays were used to assess the cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Expression of cyclin D1 and caspase-3 was detected by Western-blotting. The level of PLCE1 protein in esophageal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue. After transfection, the expression of PLCE1 mRNA in EC 9706 was significantly reduced, compared with the control group. Furthermore, flow cytometry results suggested that the PLCE1 gene silencing arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase; apoptosis was significantly higher than in the negative control group and mock group. PLCE1 gene silencing by RNAi resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of caspase-3. Our study suggests that PLCE1 may be an oncogene and play an important role in esophageal carcinogenesis through regulating proteins which control cell cycling and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Endoscopy, Peace Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China E-mail :
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Shang D, Yu F, Liu W, Zhang Y, Feng C, Wang Q, Xu Y, Liu Y, Bai X, Li X, Li C. Characterizing and optimizing human anticancer drug targets based on topological properties in the context of biological pathways. J Biomed Inform 2015; 54:132-40. [PMID: 25724580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenging problems in drug discovery is to identify the novel targets for drugs. Most of the traditional methods for drug targets optimization focused on identifying the particular families of "druggable targets", but ignored their topological properties based on the biological pathways. In this study, we characterized the topological properties of human anticancer drug targets (ADTs) in the context of biological pathways. We found that the ADTs tended to present the following seven topological properties: influence the number of the pathways related to cancer, be localized at the start or end of the pathways, interact with cancer related genes, exhibit higher connectivity, vulnerability, betweenness, and closeness than other genes. We first ranked ADTs based on their topological property values respectively, then fused them into one global-rank using the joint cumulative distribution of an N-dimensional order statistic to optimize human ADTs. We applied the optimization method to 13 anticancer drugs, respectively. Results demonstrated that over 70% of known ADTs were ranked in the top 20%. Furthermore, the performance for mercaptopurine was significant: 6 known targets (ADSL, GMPR2, GMPR, HPRT1, AMPD3, AMPD2) were ranked in the top 15 and other four out of the top 15 (MAT2A, CDKN1A, AREG, JUN) have the potentialities to become new targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Majorbio Bio-Pharm Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Desi Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Fulong Yu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150050, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Chenchen Feng
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- School of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Yuejuan Liu
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Xuecang Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Chunquan Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, PR China.
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Tan J, Yu CY, Wang ZH, Chen HY, Guan J, Chen YX, Fang JY. Genetic variants in the inositol phosphate metabolism pathway and risk of different types of cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8473. [PMID: 25683757 PMCID: PMC4329558 DOI: 10.1038/srep08473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the inositol phosphate metabolism pathway regulate cell proliferation, migration and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, and are frequently dysregulated in cancer. Whether germline genetic variants in inositol phosphate metabolism pathway are associated with cancer risk remains to be clarified. We examined the association between inositol phosphate metabolism pathway genes and risk of eight types of cancer using data from genome-wide association studies. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate SNP-level associations. Gene- and pathway-based associations were tested using the permutation-based adaptive rank-truncated product method. The overall inositol phosphate metabolism pathway was significantly associated with risk of lung cancer (P = 2.00 × 10−4), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P = 5.70 × 10−3), gastric cancer (P = 3.03 × 10−2) and renal cell carcinoma (P = 1.26 × 10−2), but not with pancreatic cancer (P = 1.40 × 10−1), breast cancer (P = 3.03 × 10−1), prostate cancer (P = 4.51 × 10−1), and bladder cancer (P = 6.30 × 10−1). Our results provide a link between inherited variation in the overall inositol phosphate metabolism pathway and several individual genes and cancer. Further studies will be needed to validate these positive findings, and to explore its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Chen-Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hao-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
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Dominguez-Valentin M, Therkildsen C, Da Silva S, Nilbert M. Familial colorectal cancer type X: genetic profiles and phenotypic features. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:30-6. [PMID: 24743215 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heredity is a major cause of colorectal cancer, but although several rare high-risk syndromes have been linked to disease-predisposing mutations, the genetic mechanisms are undetermined in the majority of families suspected of hereditary cancer. We review the clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and the genetic and epigenetic profiles of the familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) syndrome with the aim to delineate tumor characteristics that may contribute to refined diagnostics and optimized tumor prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mev Dominguez-Valentin
- 1] HNPCC-Register, Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christina Therkildsen
- HNPCC-Register, Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Da Silva
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mef Nilbert
- 1] HNPCC-Register, Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Cui XB, Peng H, Li S, Li TT, Liu CX, Zhang SM, Jin TT, Hu JM, Jiang JF, Liang WH, Li N, Li L, Chen YZ, Li F. Prognostic Value of PLCE1 Expression in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:9661-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.22.9661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Koss H, Bunney TD, Behjati S, Katan M. Dysfunction of phospholipase Cγ in immune disorders and cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2014; 39:603-11. [PMID: 25456276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The surge in genetic and genomic investigations over the past 5 years has resulted in many discoveries of causative variants relevant to disease pathophysiology. Although phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes have long been recognized as important components in intracellular signal transmission, it is only recently that this approach highlighted their role in disease development through gain-of-function mutations. In this review we describe the new findings that link the PLCγ family to immune disorders and cancer, and illustrate further efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underpin their dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Koss
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK; Division of Molecular Structure, Medical Research Council (MRC) National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
| | - Tom D Bunney
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sam Behjati
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK.
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Phospholipase Cδ1 induces E-cadherin expression and suppresses malignancy in colorectal cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13505-10. [PMID: 25197077 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1405374111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations in CRC predict the ineffectiveness of EGF receptor-targeted therapy. Previous transcriptional microarray analysis suggests the association between phospholipase Cδ1 (PLCδ1) expression and KRAS mutation status in CRC. However, both the roles and the regulatory mechanisms of PLCδ1 in CRC are not known. Here, we found that the expression of PLCδ1, one of the most basal PLCs, is down-regulated in CRC specimens compared with normal colon epithelium by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we examined the roles of PLCδ1 in CRC cell lines that harbor an activating KRAS mutation. Ectopic expression of PLCδ1 in CRC cells induced the expression of E-cadherin, whereas knockdown of PLCδ1 repressed the expression of E-cadherin. Moreover, the overexpression of PLCδ1 suppressed the expression of several mesenchymal genes and reduced cell motility, invasiveness, and in vivo tumorigenicity of SW620 CRC cells. We also showed that PLCδ1 expression is repressed by the KRAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) pathway. Furthermore, PLCδ1 suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 through E-cadherin induction in CRC cells, suggesting the presence of a negative regulatory loop between KRAS/MEK/ERK signaling and PLCδ1. These data indicate that PLCδ1 has tumor-suppressive functions in CRC through E-cadherin induction and KRAS/MEK/ERK signal attenuation.
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Sharma KL, Umar M, Pandey M, Misra S, Kumar A, Kumar V, Mittal B. Association of potentially functional genetic variants of PLCE1 with gallbladder cancer susceptibility in north Indian population. J Gastrointest Cancer 2014; 44:436-43. [PMID: 23975622 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-013-9537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) plays crucial roles in carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal and gastric cancers. In the present study, we investigated association of GWAS identified rs2274223 A>G and. rs7922612 T>C polymorphism of PLCE1 with susceptibility to gallbladder cancer (GBC). METHODS The study involved genotyping of selected PLCE1 variants in 416 GBC cases and 225 controls. Haplotype analysis was done by SNPStats. In silico analyses were performed using bioinformatic tools. RESULTS PLCE1 rs2274223 [AG] and rs7922612 [CC] genotypes were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of GBC [OR = 1.9, p = 0.002; OR = 2.0, p = 0.04, respectively]. PLCE1 haplotype [Grs2274223-Crs7922612] also showed significant association with GBC [OR = 1.8, p = 0.04]. The association was significant in females and GBC patients with stones and female GBC patients with gallstones [OR = 2.6, p = 0.01; OR = 3.3, p = 0.007], respectively. However, no significant associations with other risk factors such as tobacco usage and age of onset were found. Functional prediction of rs2274223 A>G suggested change in protein coding and splicing regulation. CONCLUSION The present study found a significant association of PLCE1 rs2274223 and rs7922612 polymorphisms with susceptibility to GBC probably through gallstone-mediated inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Lata Sharma
- Department of Genetics, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tumor suppressor role of phospholipase C epsilon in Ras-triggered cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:4239-44. [PMID: 24591640 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311500111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase Cε (PLCε) has been characterized as a direct effector of Ras in vitro and in cellular systems; however, the role of PLCε in tumorigenesis and its link to Ras in this context remain unclear. To assess the role of PLCε in Ras-driven cancers, we generated two new mouse strains: one carrying a targeted deletion of Plce (Plce(-/-)) and the other carrying mutant alleles of Plce unable to bind to Ras (Plce(RAm/RAm)). The Plce(-/-) and, to a lesser degree, Plce(RAm/RAm) transgenic mice exhibited increased susceptibility to tumor formation in the two-stage skin carcinogenesis protocol, revealing a tumor suppressor function for this PLC. This result also suggests that in this context Ras binding in part regulates functions of PLCε. Although significant differences were not seen in the LSL-Kras(G12D) nonsmall cell lung carcinoma model, down-regulation of PLCε was found in animal tumors and in cellular systems following expression of the oncogenic Ras. An inhibitory impact of PLCε on cell growth requires intact lipase activity and is likely mediated by protein kinase C enzymes. Further cellular studies suggest involvement of histone deacetylase in the mechanism of PLCε down-regulation. Taken together, our results show a previously unidentified tumor suppressor role for this PLC in animal models and, together with observations of marked down-regulation in colorectal, lung, and skin tumors, suggest its use as a biological marker in cancer.
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Malik MA, Srivastava P, Zargar SA, Mittal B. Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) haplotypes are associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in Kashmir Valley. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:371-7. [PMID: 25434319 PMCID: PMC4271013 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.145330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and progression of several types of cancers. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs2274223) in PLCE1 has been identified as a novel susceptibility locus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of three potentially functional SNPs (rs2274223A > G, rs3765524C > T, and rs7922612C > T) of PLCE1 in gastric cancer patients from Kashmir Valley. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was conducted in 108 GC cases and 195 healthy controls from Kashmir Valley. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Data were statistically analyzed using c2 test and logistic regression models. A P value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS The frequency of PLCE1 A2274223C3765524T7922612, G2274223C3765524T7922612 , and G2274223T3765524C7922612 haplotypes were higher in patients compared with controls, conferred high risk for GC [odds ratio (OR) =6.29; P = 0.001; Pcorr = 0.003], (OR = 3.23; P = 0.011; Pcorr = 0.033), and (OR = 5.14; P = 0.011; Pcorr = 0.033), respectively. Smoking and salted tea are independent risk factors for GC, but we did not find any significant modulation of cancer risk by PLCE1 variants with smoking or excessive consumption of salted tea. CONCLUSION These results suggest that variation in PLCE1 may be associated with GC risk in Kashmir Valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor A. Malik
- Department of Ocular Biochemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareilly Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Srivastava
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareilly Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Showkat A. Zargar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareilly Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,Address for corresponedence: Prof. Balraj Mittal, Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareilly Road, Lucknow - 226 014, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:
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Fang LT, Lee S, Choi H, Kim HK, Jew G, Kang HC, Chen L, Jablons D, Kim IJ. Comprehensive genomic analyses of a metastatic colon cancer to the lung by whole exome sequencing and gene expression analysis. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:211-21. [PMID: 24172857 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed whole exome sequencing and gene expression analysis on a metastatic colon cancer to the lung, along with the adjacent normal tissue of the lung. Whole exome sequencing uncovered 71 high-confidence non‑synonymous mutations. We selected 16 mutation candidates, and 13 out of 16 mutations were validated by targeted deep sequencing using the Ion Torrent PGM customized AmpliSeq panel. By integrating mutation, copy number and gene expression microarray data, we identified a JAZF1 mutation with a gain-of-copy, suggesting its oncogenic potential for the lung metastasis from colon cancer. Our pathway analyses showed that the identified mutations closely reflected characteristics of the metastatic site (lung) while mRNA gene expression patterns kept genetic information of its primary tumor (colon). The most significant gene expression network was the 'Colorectal Cancer Metastasis Signaling', containing 6 (ADCY2, ADCY9, APC, GNB5, K-ras and LRP6) out of the 71 mutated genes. Some of these mutated genes (ADCY9, ADCY2, GNB5, K-ras, HDAC6 and ARHGEF17) also belong to the 'Phospholipase C Signaling' network, which suggests that this pathway and its mutated genes may contribute to a lung metastasis from colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tai Fang
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Chan JJ, Katan M. PLCɛ and the RASSF family in tumour suppression and other functions. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 53:258-279. [PMID: 23958207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Not all proteins implicated in direct binding to Ras appear to have a positive role in the generation and progression of tumours; examples include Phospholipase C epsilon (PLCɛ) and some members of the Ras-association domain family (RASSF). The RASSF family comprises of ten members, known as RASSF1 to RASSF10. PLCɛ and RASSF members carry a common Ras-association domain (RA) that can potentially bind Ras oncoproteins and mediate Ras-regulated functions. RASSF1 to RASSF6 also share a common SARAH domain that facilitates protein-protein interactions with other SARAH domain proteins. The majority of the family are frequently downregulated by epigenetic silencing in cancers. They are implicated in various important biological processes including apoptosis, microtubule stabilisation and cell cycle regulation. Recent studies have reinforced the tumour suppressive properties of the RASSF family, with new evidence of emerging pathways and novel functions that suggest a wider role for these proteins. This review will first describe an emerging role of PLCɛ in tumour suppression and then focus on and summarise the new findings on the RASSF family in the last five years to consolidate their well-established functions, and highlight the new regulatory roles of specific RASSF members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia Chan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) make up only a small fraction of cellular phospholipids, yet they control almost all aspects of a cell's life and death. These lipids gained tremendous research interest as plasma membrane signaling molecules when discovered in the 1970s and 1980s. Research in the last 15 years has added a wide range of biological processes regulated by PIs, turning these lipids into one of the most universal signaling entities in eukaryotic cells. PIs control organelle biology by regulating vesicular trafficking, but they also modulate lipid distribution and metabolism via their close relationship with lipid transfer proteins. PIs regulate ion channels, pumps, and transporters and control both endocytic and exocytic processes. The nuclear phosphoinositides have grown from being an epiphenomenon to a research area of its own. As expected from such pleiotropic regulators, derangements of phosphoinositide metabolism are responsible for a number of human diseases ranging from rare genetic disorders to the most common ones such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Moreover, it is increasingly evident that a number of infectious agents hijack the PI regulatory systems of host cells for their intracellular movements, replication, and assembly. As a result, PI converting enzymes began to be noticed by pharmaceutical companies as potential therapeutic targets. This review is an attempt to give an overview of this enormous research field focusing on major developments in diverse areas of basic science linked to cellular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Chen YZ, Cui XB, Hu JM, Zhang WJ, Li SG, Yang L, Shen XH, Liu CX, Pan QF, Yu SY, Yuan XL, Yang L, Gu WY, Chen JZ, Wang LD, Li F. Overexpression of PLCE1 in Kazakh esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: implications in cancer metastasis and aggressiveness. APMIS 2013; 121:908-18. [PMID: 23659763 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Chinese Han populations have identified an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) susceptibility locus within phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) gene, which encodes a phospholipase involved in intracellular signaling. The expressed PLCE1 in ESCC, however, are inconsistent. This study examined PLCE1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) from 110 ethnic Kazakh ESCC patients and 50 from adjacent normal esophageal tissues (NETs). The expressed PLCE1 was localized in cytoplasm, especially in the peripheral layers of cancer cell nests, which was significantly higher in tumors than in NETs (p < 0.001). Increased expression of PLCE1 was correlated with advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages (p = 0.015) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.003) in patients with ESCC. Of the 110 patients, we examined 50 paired ESCC tissues and corresponding NETs by quantitative RT-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and the mean mRNA level of PLCE1 in ESCC was 1.85-fold higher compared with those in corresponding NETs (p = 0.0012). Meanwhile, 4 of 5 ESCC cell lines also showed elevated expression of PLCE1 mRNA. Furthermore, elevated expression of PLCE1 mRNA in Kazakh ESCC was associated with its immunoreactivity (ρ = 0.297, p = 0.040), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), and advanced TNM stages of ESCC (p = 0.013). To our knowledge, this study demonstrates for the first time that PLCE1 overexpression correlates with lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stages of Kazakh ESCC, implicating a role of PLCE1 in cancer metastasis and aggressiveness in ethnic Kazakh patients with ESCC. Furthermore, the current findings may warrant investigations into whether inhibiting PLCE1 could be a strategy for targeted anticancer therapy particularly for Kazakh ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi
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Sánchez-Peña ML, Isaza CE, Pérez-Morales J, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Castro JM, Cabrera-Ríos M. Identification of potential biomarkers from microarray experiments using multiple criteria optimization. Cancer Med 2013; 2:253-65. [PMID: 23634293 PMCID: PMC3639664 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarray experiments are capable of determining the relative expression of tens of thousands of genes simultaneously, thus resulting in very large databases. The analysis of these databases and the extraction of biologically relevant knowledge from them are challenging tasks. The identification of potential cancer biomarker genes is one of the most important aims for microarray analysis and, as such, has been widely targeted in the literature. However, identifying a set of these genes consistently across different experiments, researches, microarray platforms, or cancer types is still an elusive endeavor. Besides the inherent difficulty of the large and nonconstant variability in these experiments and the incommensurability between different microarray technologies, there is the issue of the users having to adjust a series of parameters that significantly affect the outcome of the analyses and that do not have a biological or medical meaning. In this study, the identification of potential cancer biomarkers from microarray data is casted as a multiple criteria optimization (MCO) problem. The efficient solutions to this problem, found here through data envelopment analysis (DEA), are associated to genes that are proposed as potential cancer biomarkers. The method does not require any parameter adjustment by the user, and thus fosters repeatability. The approach also allows the analysis of different microarray experiments, microarray platforms, and cancer types simultaneously. The results include the analysis of three publicly available microarray databases related to cervix cancer. This study points to the feasibility of modeling the selection of potential cancer biomarkers from microarray data as an MCO problem and solve it using DEA. Using MCO entails a new optic to the identification of potential cancer biomarkers as it does not require the definition of a threshold value to establish significance for a particular gene and the selection of a normalization procedure to compare different experiments is no longer necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde L Sánchez-Peña
- Bio IE Lab, Industrial Engineering Department, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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MiR-9, -31, and -182 deregulation promote proliferation and tumor cell survival in colon cancer. Neoplasia 2013; 14:868-79. [PMID: 23019418 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be deregulated in colon cancer, but the mechanisms behind their potential involvement on proliferation and tumor cell survival are unclear. The present study aimed to identify miRNAs with functional implications for development of colon cancer. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined following perturbations of miRNA levels by employing a comprehensive miRNA library screen. miRNAs nominated for relevance to colon cancer were validated on expression and functional levels. By integrating the effect of miRNA up-regulation with the endogenous miRNA expression levels within the HT29, HCT116, and SW480 colon cancer cell lines, we identified miRNAs controlling cell proliferation (n = 53) and apoptosis (n = 93). From these functionally nominated miRNAs, we narrowed the list to 10 oncogene- and 20 tumor suppressor-like miRNAs that were also differentially expressed between colon cancer (n = 80) and normal colonic mucosa (n = 20). The differential expressions of miR-9, miR-31, and miR-182 were successfully validated in a series of colon carcinomas (n = 30) and polyps (n = 10) versus normal colonic mucosa (n = 10), whereas the functional effect was confirmed in an in-depth validation using different cell viability and apoptotic markers. Several transcription factors and genes regulating cell proliferation were identified as putative target genes by integrative miRNA/mRNA expression analysis obtained from the same colon cancer patient samples. This study suggests that deregulated expression of miR-9, miR-31, and miR-182 during carcinogenesis plays a significant role in the development of colon cancer by promoting proliferation and tumor cell survival.
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Mai R, Cheng Y, Huang Y, Zhang G. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma shared susceptibility locus in PLCE1: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69214. [PMID: 23874915 PMCID: PMC3715467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Two recent genome-wide association studies have identified a shared susceptibility variation PLCE1 rs2274223 for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCA). Subsequent case-control studies have reported this association in other populations. However, the findings were controversial and the effect remains undetermined. Our aim is to provide a precise quantification of the association between PLCE1 rs2274223 variation and the risk of ESCC and GCA. METHODS Studies were identified by a literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association in allele, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous models. RESULTS Ten articles were identified, including 22156 ESCC cases and 28803 controls, 5197 GCA cases and 17613 controls. Overall, PLCE1 rs2274223 G allele (G vs. A: OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.15-1.39 for ESCC; OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.35-1.69 for GCA) and its carrier (GG +AG vs. AA: OR = 1.23; 95% CI =1.02-1.49 for ESCC; OR =1.62; 95% CI =1.15-2.29 for GCA) were significantly associated with the risk of ESCC and GCA. In stratified analysis by ethnicity, significant association of PLCE1 rs2274223 G allele and the risk of ESCC (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.21-1.45) and GCA (OR =1.56, 95% CI: 1.47-1.64) was observed in Chinese population. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis results indicated that PLCE1 rs2274223 G allele significantly contributed to the risk of ESCC and GCA, especially in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yabin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuanshen Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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Palmer AJ, Lochhead P, Hold GL, Rabkin CS, Chow WH, Lissowska J, Vaughan TL, Berry S, Gammon M, Risch H, El-Omar EM. Genetic variation in C20orf54, PLCE1 and MUC1 and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in Caucasian populations. Eur J Cancer Prev 2012; 21:541-4. [PMID: 22805490 PMCID: PMC3460062 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e3283529b79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, two large genome-wide association studies, conducted in Chinese populations, have reported associations between upper gastrointestinal cancer and the rs2274223, rs13042395 and rs4072037 polymorphisms in PLCE1, C20orf54 and MUC1, respectively. We aimed to determine whether similar associations existed for Caucasian populations. We genotyped two population-based, case-control studies of upper gastrointestinal cancer; the first study included 290 gastric cancer (GC) cases and 376 controls and the second study included 306 GC cases, 107 oesophageal adenocarcinoma cancer cases, 52 oesphageal squamous cell cancer cases and 211 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed from logistic models and adjusted for confounding variables. The rs4072037 polymorphism in MUC1 was associated with a reduced risk of GC of intestinal histological type (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.9) and a reduced risk of oesophageal squamous cell cancer (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.2-1.0), but not oesphageal adenocarcinoma. Similarly, rs2274223 in PLCE1 was associated with a reduced risk of oesophageal squamous cell cancer (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-1.0), but not oesphageal adenocarcinoma. We observed no association between rs13042395 in Corf54 and the risk of gastric or oesphageal cancer in either of the two studies. Our findings for rs4072037 and the risk of GC are in agreement with one previous report for a Caucasian population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between rs2274223 and rs4072037 and the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Palmer
- GI Reseach Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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NEDD4 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and promotes colonic cell growth independently of the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway. Cell Signal 2012; 25:12-8. [PMID: 22974840 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination controls multiple cellular processes relevant to cancer pathogenesis. Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of an mRNA transcriptome dataset, we have identified genes encoding components of the ubiquitin system that are differentially expressed in colorectal cancers as compared to normal colonic mucosa. Among the significantly overexpressed genes was NEDD4 (neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4), the prototype member of the HECT (homologous to E6AP C-terminus) E3 ubiquitin ligase family. Previous studies have shown that NEDD4 may act as an oncoprotein by inducing ubiquitination and degradation of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog). To investigate its functional importance in colorectal cancer, HCT-15 and LoVo colon cancer cells were depleted of NEDD4 by small interfering RNA. The depletion resulted in reduced growth and altered cell morphology in both cell lines. However, NEDD4 depletion did not affect the PTEN protein level or PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation. Moreover, ectopic expression of NEDD4 did not influence the PTEN subcellular localization or protein level. Collectively, these data demonstrate that NEDD4 is overexpressed in colorectal cancers, and suggest that NEDD4 promotes growth of colon cancer cells independently of PTEN and PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Runkel F, Hintze M, Griesing S, Michels M, Blanck B, Fukami K, Guénet JL, Franz T. Alopecia in a viable phospholipase C delta 1 and phospholipase C delta 3 double mutant. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39203. [PMID: 22723964 PMCID: PMC3378570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inositol 1,4,5trisphosphate (IP(3)) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are important intracellular signalling molecules in various tissues. They are generated by the phospholipase C family of enzymes, of which phospholipase C delta (PLCD) forms one class. Studies with functional inactivation of Plcd isozyme encoding genes in mice have revealed that loss of both Plcd1 and Plcd3 causes early embryonic death. Inactivation of Plcd1 alone causes loss of hair (alopecia), whereas inactivation of Plcd3 alone has no apparent phenotypic effect. To investigate a possible synergy of Plcd1 and Plcd3 in postnatal mice, novel mutations of these genes compatible with life after birth need to be found. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We characterise a novel mouse mutant with a spontaneously arisen mutation in Plcd3 (Plcd3(mNab)) that resulted from the insertion of an intracisternal A particle (IAP) into intron 2 of the Plcd3 gene. This mutation leads to the predominant expression of a truncated PLCD3 protein lacking the N-terminal PH domain. C3H mice that carry one or two mutant Plcd3(mNab) alleles are phenotypically normal. However, the presence of one Plcd3(mNab) allele exacerbates the alopecia caused by the loss of functional Plcd1 in Del(9)olt1Pas mutant mice with respect to the number of hair follicles affected and the body region involved. Mice double homozygous for both the Del(9)olt1Pas and the Plcd3(mNab) mutations survive for several weeks and exhibit total alopecia associated with fragile hair shafts showing altered expression of some structural genes and shortened phases of proliferation in hair follicle matrix cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The Plcd3(mNab) mutation is a novel hypomorphic mutation of Plcd3. Our investigations suggest that Plcd1 and Plcd3 have synergistic effects on the murine hair follicle in specific regions of the body surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Runkel
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maik Hintze
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Studiengang Molekulare Biomedizin, LIMES, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Griesing
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Studiengang Molekulare Biomedizin, LIMES, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Blanck
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jean-Louis Guénet
- Département de Biologie du Développement, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Franz
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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