1
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Du L, Wang B, Wu M, Chen W, Wang W, Diao W, Ding M, Chen W, Cao W, Guo H, Zhang G. LINC00926 promotes progression of renal cell carcinoma via regulating miR-30a-5p/SOX4 axis and activating IFNγ-JAK2-STAT1 pathway. Cancer Lett 2023; 578:216463. [PMID: 37866544 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains further study. Whether lncRNA may be used to predict the immunotherapy efficacy of RCC is less studied. In this study, LINC00926 was found to be mainly located in cytoplasm by FISH and RNA nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation. Downregulation of LINC00926 in RCC cell lines inhibited the progression and metastasis of RCC cells. RNA pull-down assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that LINC00926 functioned as miR-30a-5p sponge to facilitate SOX4 expression. LINC00926 overexpression in BALB/c mice enhanced PD-L1 surface expression and resulted in immune escape. Mechanistic investigations showed that LINC00926 competitively bound to Lyn, leading to the inhibition of CBL-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, and stabilized Lyn, contributing to the activation of IFNγ-JAK2-STAT1 signaling pathway. Moreover, LINC00926, together with PD-L1 or PD-1 expression, may predict the overall survival in RCC patients. Therefore, LINC00926 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic target and a biomarker to predict ICB immunotherapy response in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China; Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230039, Anhui, China; Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengtong Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixu Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wendi Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Diao
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenmin Cao
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gutian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China; Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Poly(C)-binding protein 2 positively regulates interferon downstream signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:748-751. [PMID: 35593468 PMCID: PMC9828312 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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3
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Hou Y, Lin J, Wang D, Zhang Y, Liang Q, Chen N, Wu J, Wu W, Liu X, Ni P. The circular RNA circ_GRHPR promotes NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion via interactions with the RNA-binding protein PCBP2. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1171-1181. [PMID: 33987874 PMCID: PMC8362189 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As the most common malignancy, lung cancer is characterised by high rates of occurrence and mortality. Although circular RNAs (circRNAs) are known to act as important regulators in cancer, their role in lung cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, circ_GRHPR expression was found to be significantly upregulated in the serum of five patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), compared to that in healthy controls. It is expressed at high levels in NSCLC cell lines, as revealed by qRT-PCR analysis. Functionally, we demonstrated that circ_GRHPR promotes NSCLC proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo by cell proliferation, transwell, cell cycle, and tumour-forming assays. Mechanistically, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays showed that circ_GRHPR interacts with the RNA-binding protein poly(rC)-binding protein 2 (PCBP2) and regulates its subcellular localisation by forming the circ_GRHPR/PCBP2 complex, localizing PCBP2 mainly in the cytoplasm and reducing the proportion found in the nucleus. Furthermore, we demonstrated that four-and-a-half LIM-only protein 3 (FHL3) is a tumour-stimulating factor in NSCLC that interacts with and is influenced by PCBP2. Circ_GRHPR increased FHL3 expression in the nucleus of NSCLC cells by decreasing PCBP2 expression therein and promoting the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells. Therefore, our study identified that circ_GRHPR promotes NSCLC proliferation and invasion, providing a possible explanation for its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Hou
- Department of Laboratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jiafei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yingwei Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiuli Liang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jiemin Wu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weiqi Wu
- Department of OncologyTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangfan Liu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Peihua Ni
- Department of Laboratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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4
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Schmidt N, Lareau CA, Keshishian H, Ganskih S, Schneider C, Hennig T, Melanson R, Werner S, Wei Y, Zimmer M, Ade J, Kirschner L, Zielinski S, Dölken L, Lander ES, Caliskan N, Fischer U, Vogel J, Carr SA, Bodem J, Munschauer M. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA-protein interactome in infected human cells. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:339-353. [PMID: 33349665 PMCID: PMC7906908 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the interactions that SARS-CoV-2 viral RNAs make with host cell proteins during infection can improve our understanding of viral RNA functions and the host innate immune response. Using RNA antisense purification and mass spectrometry, we identified up to 104 human proteins that directly and specifically bind to SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in infected human cells. We integrated the SARS-CoV-2 RNA interactome with changes in proteome abundance induced by viral infection and linked interactome proteins to cellular pathways relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infections. We demonstrated by genetic perturbation that cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) and La-related protein 1 (LARP1), two of the most strongly enriched viral RNA binders, restrict SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected cells and provide a global map of their direct RNA contact sites. Pharmacological inhibition of three other RNA interactome members, PPIA, ATP1A1, and the ARP2/3 complex, reduced viral replication in two human cell lines. The identification of host dependency factors and defence strategies as presented in this work will improve the design of targeted therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schmidt
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Sabina Ganskih
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Schneider
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hennig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Simone Werner
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yuanjie Wei
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Zimmer
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Ade
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Kirschner
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zielinski
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Dölken
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neva Caliskan
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Mathias Munschauer
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany.
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5
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Qin Y, Hou Y, Liu S, Zhu P, Wan X, Zhao M, Peng M, Zeng H, Li Q, Jin T, Cui X, Liu M. A Novel Long Non-Coding RNA lnc030 Maintains Breast Cancer Stem Cell Stemness by Stabilizing SQLE mRNA and Increasing Cholesterol Synthesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002232. [PMID: 33511005 PMCID: PMC7816696 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered the roots of cancer metastasis and recurrence (CSCs), due in part to their self-renewal and therapy resistance properties. However, the underlying mechanisms for the regulation of CSC stemness are poorly understood. Recently, increasing evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators for cancer cell function in various malignancies including breast cancer, but how lncRNAs regulate the function of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remains to be determined. Herein, using lncRNA/mRNA microarray assays, a novel lncRNA (named lnc030) is identified, which is highly expressed in BCSCs in vitro and in vivo, as a pivotal regulator in maintaining BCSC stemness and promoting tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, lnc030 cooperates with poly(rC) binding protein 2(PCBP2) to stabilize squalene epoxidase (SQLE) mRNA, resulting in an increase of cholesterol synthesis. The increased cholesterol in turn actives PI3K/Akt signaling, which governs BCSC stemness. In summary, these findings demonstrate that a new, lnc030-based mechanism for regulating cholesterol synthesis and stemness properties of BCSCs. The lnc030-SQLE-cholesterol synthesis pathway may serve as an effective therapeutic target for BCSC elimination and breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine ScienceChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Shuiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Pengpeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xueying Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Maojia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Meixi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Qiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Ting Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of SurgerySamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA90048USA
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
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6
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The T1D-associated lncRNA Lnc13 modulates human pancreatic β cell inflammation by allele-specific stabilization of STAT1 mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9022-9031. [PMID: 32284404 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914353117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic association signals lie in noncoding regions of the human genome. Many have been predicted to affect the expression and secondary structure of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), but the contribution of these lncRNAs to the pathogenesis of T1D remains to be clarified. Here, we performed a complete functional characterization of a lncRNA that harbors a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with T1D, namely, Lnc13 Human pancreatic islets harboring the T1D-associated SNP risk genotype in Lnc13 (rs917997*CC) showed higher STAT1 expression than islets harboring the heterozygous genotype (rs917997*CT). Up-regulation of Lnc13 in pancreatic β-cells increased activation of the proinflammatory STAT1 pathway, which correlated with increased production of chemokines in an allele-specific manner. In a mirror image, Lnc13 gene disruption in β-cells partially counteracts polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC)-induced STAT1 and proinflammatory chemokine expression. Furthermore, we observed that PIC, a viral mimetic, induces Lnc13 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm promoting the interaction of STAT1 mRNA with (poly[rC] binding protein 2) (PCBP2). Interestingly, Lnc13-PCBP2 interaction regulates the stability of the STAT1 mRNA, sustaining inflammation in β-cells in an allele-specific manner. Our results show that the T1D-associated Lnc13 may contribute to the pathogenesis of T1D by increasing pancreatic β-cell inflammation. These findings provide information on the molecular mechanisms by which disease-associated SNPs in lncRNAs influence disease pathogenesis and open the door to the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on lncRNA targeting.
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7
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Mao J, Sun Z, Cui Y, Du N, Guo H, Wei J, Hao Z, Zheng L. PCBP2 promotes the development of glioma by regulating FHL3/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:3280-3291. [PMID: 31693182 PMCID: PMC7166520 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Poly (C)-binding protein 2 (PCBP2) and the related signaling pathway in glioma progression. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to measure PCBP2 messenger RNA and protein expression in glioma tissues or cells. Cell transfection was completed using Lipofectamine 2000. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry assay were used to explore the effects of PCBP2 expression on biological behaviors of glioma cells. Western blot assay was used for the detection of pathway related proteins. Expression of PCBP2 in glioma tissues and cells were higher than that in paracancerous tissues and normal cells (both p < .01). Moreover, the elevated expression of PCBP2 was significantly correlated with tumor size (p = .001) and WHO stage (p = .010). Knockdown of PCBP2 could suppress proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells and promote apoptosis. Besides, the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway related proteins TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad7 were decreased following the downregulation of PCBP2. PCBP2 also inhibited FHL3 expression by binding to FHL3-3'UTR. The inhibition of FHL3 could reverse the antitumor action caused by PCBP2 silencing. In vivo assay, PCBP2 was also found to inhibit the tumor growth of glioma. PCBP2 activates TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway by inhibiting FHL3 expression, thus promoting the development and progression of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Mao
- Department of NeurosurgeryHarrison international Peace HospitalHengshuiChina
| | - Zhaosheng Sun
- Department of NeurosurgeryHarrison international Peace HospitalHengshuiChina
| | - Yongjian Cui
- Department of NeurologyHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshuiChina
| | - Naiyi Du
- Central LaboratoryHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshuiChina
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of NeurosurgeryHarrison international Peace HospitalHengshuiChina
| | - Jianhui Wei
- Department of NeurosurgeryHarrison international Peace HospitalHengshuiChina
| | - Zhenmin Hao
- Central LaboratoryHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshuiChina
| | - Lei Zheng
- Central LaboratoryHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshuiChina
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8
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Mishra N, Reddy KS, Timilsina U, Gaur D, Gaur R. Human APOBEC3B interacts with the heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3 in cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6695-6703. [PMID: 29693745 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human APOBEC3B (A3B), like other APOBEC3 members, is a cytosine deaminase which causes hypermutation of single stranded genome. Recent studies have shown that A3B is predominantly elevated in multiple cancer tissues and cell lines such as the bladder, cervix, lung, head and neck, and breast. Upregulation and activation of A3B in developing tumors can cause an unexpected cluster of mutations which promote cancer development and progression. The cellular proteins which facilitate A3B function through direct or indirect interactions remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed LC-MS-based proteomics to identify cellular proteins which coimmunoprecipitated with A3B. Our results indicated a specific interaction of A3B with hnRNP A3 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein). This interaction was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and was found to be RNA-dependent. Furthermore, A3B and hnRNP A3 colocalized as evident from immunofluorescence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawneet Mishra
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - K Sony Reddy
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Odisha, India
| | - Uddhav Timilsina
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gaur
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gaur
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
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9
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Leung JM, Fishbane N, Jones M, Morin A, Xu S, Liu JC, MacIsaac J, Milloy MJ, Hayashi K, Montaner J, Horvath S, Kobor M, Sin DD, Harrigan PR, Man SFP. Longitudinal study of surrogate aging measures during human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:687-705. [PMID: 28237978 PMCID: PMC5391226 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) harbor an increased risk of age-related conditions. We measured changes in telomere length and DNA methylation in the peripheral blood of 31 intravenous drug users, who were followed longitudinally with blood samples pre-HIV (T1), immediately post-HIV (T2; 1.9±1 year from T1), and at a later follow-up time (T3; 2.2±1 year from T2). Absolute telomere length measurements were performed using polymerase chain reaction methods. Methylation profiles were obtained using the Illumina Human Methylation450 platform. Methylation aging was assessed using the Horvath method. Telomere length significantly decreased between T1 and T2 (227±46 at T1 vs. 201±48 kbp/genome at T2, p=0.045), while no differences were observed between T2 and T3 (201±48 at T2 vs. 186±27 kbp/genome at T3, p=0.244). Methylation aging as measured by the age acceleration residual increased over the time course of HIV infection (p=0.035). CpG sites corresponding to PCBP2 and CSRNP1 were differentially methylated between T1 and T2 at a q-value <0.05. Telomere shortening and methylation changes can therefore be observed in the short-term period immediately following HIV seroconversion. Further studies to confirm these results in larger sample sizes and to compare these results to non-HIV and non-injection drug users are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Leung
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Nick Fishbane
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Meaghan Jones
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Alexander Morin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Stella Xu
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Joseph Cy Liu
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Julie MacIsaac
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - M-J Milloy
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Kanna Hayashi
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Julio Montaner
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Steve Horvath
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - P Richard Harrigan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - S F Paul Man
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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10
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Murahashi M, Simizu S, Morioka M, Umezawa K. Identification of poly(rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) as a target protein of immunosuppressive agent 15-deoxyspergualin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:445-449. [PMID: 27261432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
15-Deoxyspergualin (DSG) is an immunosuppressive agent being clinically used. Unlike tacrolimus and cyclosporine A, it does not inhibit the calcineurin pathway, and its mechanism of action and target molecule have not been elucidated. Therefore, we previously prepared biotinylated derivative of DSG (BDSG) to fish up the target protein. In the present research, we identified poly(rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) as a DSG-binding protein using this probe. DSG was confirmed to bind to PCBP2 by pull-down assay. Intracellular localization of PCBP2 was changed from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by DSG treatment. DSG inhibited the cell growth, and over-expression of PCBP2 reduced the anti-proliferative activity of DSG. PCBP2 is known to regulate various proteins including STAT1/2. Thus, we found PCBP2 as the first target protein of DSG that can explain the immunosuppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Murahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiko Morioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan.
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11
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Ye F, Xin Z, Han W, Fan J, Yin B, Wu S, Yang W, Yuan J, Qiang B, Sun W, Peng X. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of the Hepatitis C Virus Replicon High-Permissive and Low-Permissive Cell Lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142082. [PMID: 26544179 PMCID: PMC4636247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the leading causes of severe hepatitis. The molecular mechanisms underlying HCV replication and pathogenesis remain unclear. The development of the subgenome replicon model system significantly enhanced study of HCV. However, the permissiveness of the HCV subgenome replicon greatly differs among different hepatoma cell lines. Proteomic analysis of different permissive cell lines might provide new clues in understanding HCV replication. In this study, to detect potential candidates that might account for the differences in HCV replication. Label-free and iTRAQ labeling were used to analyze the differentially expressed protein profiles between Huh7.5.1 wt and HepG2 cells. A total of 4919 proteins were quantified in which 114 proteins were commonly identified as differentially expressed by both quantitative methods. A total of 37 differential proteins were validated by qRT-PCR. The differential expression of Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1), Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCHL1), carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), vimentin, Proteasome activator complex subunit1 (PSME1), and Cathepsin B (CTSB) were verified by western blot. And over-expression of CTSB or knock-down of vimentin induced significant changes to HCV RNA levels. Additionally, we demonstrated that CTSB was able to inhibit HCV replication and viral protein translation. These results highlight the potential role of CTSB and vimentin in virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongshuai Xin
- Division of Hormone, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhen Wu
- Core facility of instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangang Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Boqin Qiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core facility of instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XP); (WS)
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XP); (WS)
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12
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Xia N, Tang Z, Wang C, Xu G, Nie X, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Wang S, Zhu X, Cui S. PCBP2 regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity via HIF-1α and STAT3 pathway in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Gelfand BD, Wright CB, Kim Y, Yasuma T, Yasuma R, Li S, Fowler BJ, Bastos-Carvalho A, Kerur N, Uittenbogaard A, Han YS, Lou D, Kleinman ME, McDonald WH, Núñez G, Georgel P, Dunaief JL, Ambati J. Iron Toxicity in the Retina Requires Alu RNA and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1686-93. [PMID: 26074074 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess iron induces tissue damage and is implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Iron toxicity is widely attributed to hydroxyl radical formation through Fenton's reaction. We report that excess iron, but not other Fenton catalytic metals, induces activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a pathway also implicated in AMD. Additionally, iron-induced degeneration of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is suppressed in mice lacking inflammasome components caspase-1/11 or Nlrp3 or by inhibition of caspase-1. Iron overload increases abundance of RNAs transcribed from short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs): Alu RNAs and the rodent equivalent B1 and B2 RNAs, which are inflammasome agonists. Targeting Alu or B2 RNA prevents iron-induced inflammasome activation and RPE degeneration. Iron-induced SINE RNA accumulation is due to suppression of DICER1 via sequestration of the co-factor poly(C)-binding protein 2 (PCBP2). These findings reveal an unexpected mechanism of iron toxicity, with implications for AMD and neurodegenerative diseases associated with excess iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D Gelfand
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Human Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Charles B Wright
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Younghee Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Tetsuhiro Yasuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Reo Yasuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Shengjian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Benjamin J Fowler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ana Bastos-Carvalho
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Nagaraj Kerur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Annette Uittenbogaard
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Youn Seon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Dingyuan Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mark E Kleinman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - W Hayes McDonald
- Proteomics Laboratory, Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37205, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Philippe Georgel
- INSERM UMR_S 1109, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67085, France
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jayakrishna Ambati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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14
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Schwerk J, Jarret AP, Joslyn RC, Savan R. Landscape of post-transcriptional gene regulation during hepatitis C virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 12:75-84. [PMID: 25890065 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression plays a pivotal role in various gene regulatory networks including, but not limited to metabolism, embryogenesis and immune responses. Different mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation, which can act individually, synergistically, or even in an antagonistic manner have been described. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is notorious for subverting host immune responses and indeed exploits several components of the host's post-transcriptional regulatory machinery for its own benefit. At the same time, HCV replication is post-transcriptionally targeted by host cell components to blunt viral propagation. This review discusses the interplay of post-transcriptional mechanisms that affect host immune responses in the setting of HCV infection and highlights the sophisticated mechanisms both host and virus have evolved in the race for superiority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schwerk
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Abigail P Jarret
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rochelle C Joslyn
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ram Savan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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15
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Cellular STAT3 functions via PCBP2 to restrain Epstein-Barr Virus lytic activation in B lymphocytes. J Virol 2015; 89:5002-11. [PMID: 25717101 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00121-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A major hurdle to killing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected tumor cells using oncolytic therapy is the presence of a substantial fraction of EBV-infected cells that does not support the lytic phase of EBV despite exposure to lytic cycle-promoting agents. To determine the mechanism(s) underlying this refractory state, we developed a strategy to separate lytic from refractory EBV-positive (EBV(+)) cells. By examining the cellular transcriptome in separated cells, we previously discovered that high levels of host STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) curtail the susceptibility of latently infected cells to lytic cycle activation signals. The goals of the present study were 2-fold: (i) to determine the mechanism of STAT3-mediated resistance to lytic activation and (ii) to exploit our findings to enhance susceptibility to lytic activation. We therefore analyzed our microarray data set, cellular proteomes of separated lytic and refractory cells, and a publically available STAT3 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data set to identify cellular PCBP2 [poly(C)-binding protein 2], an RNA-binding protein, as a transcriptional target of STAT3 in refractory cells. Using Burkitt lymphoma cells and EBV(+) cell lines from patients with hypomorphic STAT3 mutations, we demonstrate that single cells expressing high levels of PCBP2 are refractory to spontaneous and induced EBV lytic activation, STAT3 functions via cellular PCBP2 to regulate lytic susceptibility, and suppression of PCBP2 levels is sufficient to increase the number of EBV lytic cells. We expect that these findings and the genome-wide resources that they provide will accelerate our understanding of a longstanding mystery in EBV biology and guide efforts to improve oncolytic therapy for EBV-associated cancers. IMPORTANCE Most humans are infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a cancer-causing virus. While EBV generally persists silently in B lymphocytes, periodic lytic (re)activation of latent virus is central to its life cycle and to most EBV-related diseases. However, a substantial fraction of EBV-infected B cells and tumor cells in a population is refractory to lytic activation. This resistance to lytic activation directly and profoundly impacts viral persistence and the effectiveness of oncolytic therapy for EBV(+) cancers. To identify the mechanisms that underlie susceptibility to EBV lytic activation, we used host gene and protein expression profiling of separated lytic and refractory cells. We find that STAT3, a transcription factor overactive in many cancers, regulates PCBP2, a protein important in RNA biogenesis, to regulate susceptibility to lytic cycle activation signals. These findings advance our understanding of EBV persistence and provide important leads on devising methods to improve viral oncolytic therapies.
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16
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Bidet K, Dadlani D, Garcia-Blanco MA. G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 are required for translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs and are targeted by a dengue virus non-coding RNA. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004242. [PMID: 24992036 PMCID: PMC4081823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral RNA-host protein interactions are critical for replication of flaviviruses, a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses comprising major vector-borne human pathogens including dengue viruses (DENV). We examined three conserved host RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 in dengue virus (DENV-2) infection and found them to be novel regulators of the interferon (IFN) response against DENV-2. The three RBPs were required for the accumulation of the protein products of several interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), and for efficient translation of PKR and IFITM2 mRNAs. This identifies G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 as novel regulators of the antiviral state. Their antiviral activity was antagonized by the abundant DENV-2 non-coding subgenomic flaviviral RNA (sfRNA), which bound to G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1, inhibited their activity and lead to profound inhibition of ISG mRNA translation. This work describes a new and unexpected level of regulation for interferon stimulated gene expression and presents the first mechanism of action for an sfRNA as a molecular sponge of anti-viral effectors in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katell Bidet
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dhivya Dadlani
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Center for RNA Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Yang H, Lowenson JD, Clarke S, Zubarev RA. Brain proteomics supports the role of glutamate metabolism and suggests other metabolic alterations in protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT)-knockout mice. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4566-76. [PMID: 23947766 DOI: 10.1021/pr400688r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) repairs the isoaspartyl residues (isoAsp) that originate from asparagine deamidation and aspartic acid (Asp) isomerization to Asp residues. Deletion of the gene encoding PIMT in mice (Pcmt1) leads to isoAsp accumulation in all tissues measured, especially in the brain. These PIMT-knockout (PIMT-KO) mice have perturbed glutamate metabolism and die prematurely of epileptic seizures. To elucidate the role of PIMT further, brain proteomes of PIMT-KO mice and controls were analyzed. The isoAsp levels from two of the detected 67 isoAsp sites (residue 98 from calmodulin and 68 from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) were quantified and found to be significantly increased in PIMT-KO mice (p < 0.01). Additionally, the abundance of at least 151 out of the 1017 quantified proteins was found to be altered in PIMT-KO mouse brains. Gene ontology analysis revealed that many down-regulated proteins are involved in cellular amino acid biosynthesis. For example, the serine synthesis pathway was suppressed, possibly leading to reduced serine production in PIMT-KO mice. Additionally, the abundances of enzymes in the glutamate-glutamine cycle were altered toward the accumulation of glutamate. These findings support the involvement of PIMT in glutamate metabolism and suggest that the absence of PIMT also affects other processes involving amino acid synthesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqian Yang
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Scheeles väg 2, SE-17 177 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Ruggieri A, Dazert E, Metz P, Hofmann S, Bergeest JP, Mazur J, Bankhead P, Hiet MS, Kallis S, Alvisi G, Samuel CE, Lohmann V, Kaderali L, Rohr K, Frese M, Stoecklin G, Bartenschlager R. Dynamic oscillation of translation and stress granule formation mark the cellular response to virus infection. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 12:71-85. [PMID: 22817989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Virus infection-induced global protein synthesis suppression is linked to assembly of stress granules (SGs), cytosolic aggregates of stalled translation preinitiation complexes. To study long-term stress responses, we developed an imaging approach for extended observation and analysis of SG dynamics during persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In combination with type 1 interferon, HCV infection induces highly dynamic assembly/disassembly of cytoplasmic SGs, concomitant with phases of active and stalled translation, delayed cell division, and prolonged cell survival. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), independent of viral replication, is sufficient to trigger these oscillations. Translation initiation factor eIF2α phosphorylation by protein kinase R mediates SG formation and translation arrest. This is antagonized by the upregulation of GADD34, the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 dephosphorylating eIF2α. Stress response oscillation is a general mechanism to prevent long-lasting translation repression and a conserved host cell reaction to multiple RNA viruses, which HCV may exploit to establish persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Castilla V, Scolaro LA. Involvement of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in viral multiplication. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study of virus–host interactions is a major goal in molecular virology and provides new effective targets for antiviral therapies. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) constitute a group of cellular RNA-binding proteins localized predominantly within the nucleus, which participate in gene transcription and subsequent RNA post-transcriptional modifications. The interaction between hnRNPs and viral components was extensively demonstrated, as well as the ability of virus infections to alter the intracellular localization or the level of expression of different hnRNPs. The involvement of these proteins in the replication of numerous viruses including members from the Retroviridae, Flaviviridae, Coronaviridae, Arenaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Togaviridae and Herpesviridae families, has been reported. In order to gain an increased understanding of the interactions between virus and cell that result in the productive infection of the latter, in this review we discuss the main findings about the role of hnRNPs in different steps of viral replication, such as RNA synthesis, translation, RNA processing and egress of newly assembled progeny virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Castilla
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A Scolaro
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Moon SL, Barnhart MD, Wilusz J. Inhibition and avoidance of mRNA degradation by RNA viruses. Curr Opin Microbiol 2012; 15:500-5. [PMID: 22626865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mRNA decay machinery plays a major role in regulating the quality and quantity of gene expression in cells. This machinery involves multiple enzymes and pathways that converge to promote the exonucleolytic decay of mRNAs. The transcripts made by RNA viruses are susceptible to degradation by this machinery and, in fact, can be actively targeted. Thus, to maintain gene expression and replication, RNA viruses have evolved a number of strategies to avoid and/or inactivate aspects of the cellular mRNA decay machinery. Recent work uncovering the mechanisms used by RNA viruses to maintain the stability of their transcripts is described below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Moon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
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